摘要
足部作为人体动力链与外界环境接触的始端,形态的变化与功能的表现紧密相关。通过对即刻与短期裸足运动干预以及长期裸足运动人群的足部形态和运动学、动力学、肌肉活动度等生物力学特征进行系统总结归纳,旨在从生物力学角度揭示裸足运动的本质特征,探究形态与功能的关联。研究发现,习惯着鞋人群在短期裸足步行及跑步运动干预时,均表现出小步长、高步频的时空参数特征。短期裸足步行及跑步后足触地角度减小,踝关节跖屈增大,膝关节屈曲程度增大等运动学特征与习惯裸足人群的运动学特征相似。对习惯着鞋人群进行短期裸足步行及跑步干预时,比习惯裸足人群在着地期的冲击峰值及垂直负荷增长率均呈现降低。长期使用不合脚鞋具可改变足形和功能,如足部肌群横截面积减小,足前掌宽度及接触面积降低,拇指外翻及削弱绞盘功能等。被抑制的足部功能或许是习惯着鞋人群损伤风险较大的原因,而开展裸足运动时需综合考量足形态与功能,循序渐进,以实现足部功能训练,提高运动表现。
Human foot serves as an initial interface of internal kinetic chains,which exposes to external surroundings.Changes of foot structure or morphology are closely linked with foot functions.This paper reviewed and summarized characteristics of foot morphology,kinematics,kinetics and muscle activity from immediate and short-term barefoot intervention for habitually shod population and long-term habitually barefoot locomotion population.It was aimed to reveal the biomechanical mechanism of barefoot locomotion,investigate the relation between foot morphology and functions.Reduced step/stride length and increased cadence were found during short-term barefoot intervention among shod populations.Reduced foot strike angles during walking and running,increased plantarflexion angle and knee flexion angle were observed,consistent with long-term barefoot population.Reduced peak vertical ground reaction force and vertical loading rate at initial contact were also reported during barefoot walking and running in both groups.Ill-fitted footwear would change foot morphology and function,such as reduced cross-sectional area of foot muscles,smaller forefoot width and contact area,increased hallux angle and decreased windlass mechanism.Reduced or inhibited foot muscle may be the reason of high injury risks among habitually shod populations.The morphology and function relation should be considered during barefoot locomotion.Foot functions should be trained gradually to achieve the goal of improving running performance.
作者
顾耀东
孙冬
Gusztáv Fekete
梅齐昌
李建设
GU Yaodong;SUN Dong;Gusztáv Fekete;MEI Qichang;LI Jianshe(Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China;Eotvos Lorand University,Budapest 9011,Hungar;Auckland University,Auckland 1010,New Zealand)
出处
《中国体育科技》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第1期61-74,共14页
China Sport Science and Technology
基金
浙江省社科规划"之江青年课题"项目(16ZJQN021YB)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(81772423)
国家留学基金委中匈政府合作奖学金项目
安踏(中国)有限公司项目(HK2017000053)
关键词
“裸足”运动方式
下肢生物力学
足形
足功能
barefoot locomotion
lower extremity biomechanics
foot morphology
foot function
