This study proposes an efficient traffic classification model to address the growing threat of distributed denial-of-service(DDoS)attacks in 5th generation technology standard(5G)slicing networks.The proposed method u...This study proposes an efficient traffic classification model to address the growing threat of distributed denial-of-service(DDoS)attacks in 5th generation technology standard(5G)slicing networks.The proposed method utilizes an ensemble of encoder components from multiple autoencoders to compress and extract latent representations from high-dimensional traffic data.These representations are then used as input for a support vector machine(SVM)-based metadata classifier,enabling precise detection of attack traffic.This architecture is designed to achieve both high detection accuracy and training efficiency,while adapting flexibly to the diverse service requirements and complexity of 5G network slicing.The model was evaluated using the DDoS Datasets 2022,collected in a simulated 5G slicing environment.Experiments were conducted under both class-balanced and class-imbalanced conditions.In the balanced setting,the model achieved an accuracy of 89.33%,an F1-score of 88.23%,and an Area Under the Curve(AUC)of 89.45%.In the imbalanced setting(attack:normal 7:3),the model maintained strong robustness,=achieving a recall of 100%and an F1-score of 90.91%,demonstrating its effectiveness in diverse real-world scenarios.Compared to existing AI-based detection methods,the proposed model showed higher precision,better handling of class imbalance,and strong generalization performance.Moreover,its modular structure is well-suited for deployment in containerized network function(NF)environments,making it a practical solution for real-world 5G infrastructure.These results highlight the potential of the proposed approach to enhance both the security and operational resilience of 5G slicing networks.展开更多
Today’s Internet of Things (IoT) application domains are widely distributed, which exposes them to several security risks and assaults, especially when data is being transferred between endpoints with constrained res...Today’s Internet of Things (IoT) application domains are widely distributed, which exposes them to several security risks and assaults, especially when data is being transferred between endpoints with constrained resources and the backbone network. Numerous researchers have put a lot of effort into addressing routing protocol security vulnerabilities, particularly regarding IoT RPL-based networks. Despite multiple studies on the security of IoT routing protocols, routing attacks remain a major focus of ongoing research in IoT contexts. This paper examines the different types of routing attacks, how they affect Internet of Things networks, and how to mitigate them. Then, it provides an overview of recently published work on routing threats, primarily focusing on countermeasures, highlighting noteworthy security contributions, and drawing conclusions. Consequently, it achieves the study’s main objectives by summarizing intriguing current research trends in IoT routing security, pointing out knowledge gaps in this field, and suggesting directions and recommendations for future research on IoT routing security.展开更多
The use of machine learning algorithms to identify characteristics in Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks has emerged as a powerful approach in cybersecurity. DDoS attacks, which aim to overwhelm a network or...The use of machine learning algorithms to identify characteristics in Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks has emerged as a powerful approach in cybersecurity. DDoS attacks, which aim to overwhelm a network or service with a flood of malicious traffic, pose significant threats to online systems. Traditional methods of detection and mitigation often struggle to keep pace with the evolving nature of these attacks. Machine learning, with its ability to analyze vast amounts of data and recognize patterns, offers a robust solution to this challenge. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the application of ensemble ML algorithms, namely the K-Means and the KNN, for a dual clustering mechanism when used with PySpark to collect 99% accurate data. The algorithms, when used together, identify distinctive features of DDoS attacks that prove a very accurate reflection of reality, so they are a good combination for this aim. Impressively, having preprocessed the data, both algorithms with the PySpark foundation enabled the achievement of 99% accuracy when tuned on the features of a DDoS big dataset. The semi-supervised dataset tabulates traffic anomalies in terms of packet size distribution in correlation to Flow Duration. By training the K-Means Clustering and then applying the KNN to the dataset, the algorithms learn to evaluate the character of activity to a greater degree by displaying density with ease. The study evaluates the effectiveness of the K-Means Clustering with the KNN as ensemble algorithms that adapt very well in detecting complex patterns. Ultimately, cross-reaching environmental results indicate that ML-based approaches significantly improve detection rates compared to traditional methods. Furthermore, ensemble learning methods, which combine two plus multiple models to improve prediction accuracy, show greatness in handling the complexity and variability of big data sets especially when implemented by PySpark. The findings suggest that the enhancement of accuracy derives from newer software that’s designed to reflect reality. However, challenges remain in the deployment of these systems, including the need for large, high-quality datasets and the potential for adversarial attacks that attempt to deceive the ML models. Future research should continue to improve the robustness and efficiency of combining algorithms, as well as integrate them with existing security frameworks to provide comprehensive protection against DDoS attacks and other areas. The dataset was originally created by the University of New Brunswick to analyze DDoS data. The dataset itself was based on logs of the university’s servers, which found various DoS attacks throughout the publicly available period to totally generate 80 attributes with a 6.40GB size. In this dataset, the label and binary column become a very important portion of the final classification. In the last column, this means the normal traffic would be differentiated by the attack traffic. Further analysis is then ripe for investigation. Finally, malicious traffic alert software, as an example, should be trained on packet influx to Flow Duration dependence, which creates a mathematical scope for averages to enact. In achieving such high accuracy, the project acts as an illustration (referenced in the form of excerpts from my Google Colab account) of many attempts to tune. Cybersecurity advocates for more work on the character of brute-force attack traffic and normal traffic features overall since most of our investments as humans are digitally based in work, recreational, and social environments.展开更多
基金supported by an Institute of Information&Communications Technology Planning&Evaluation(IITP)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(RS-2024-00438156,Development of Security Resilience Technology Based on Network Slicing Services in a 5G Specialized Network).
文摘This study proposes an efficient traffic classification model to address the growing threat of distributed denial-of-service(DDoS)attacks in 5th generation technology standard(5G)slicing networks.The proposed method utilizes an ensemble of encoder components from multiple autoencoders to compress and extract latent representations from high-dimensional traffic data.These representations are then used as input for a support vector machine(SVM)-based metadata classifier,enabling precise detection of attack traffic.This architecture is designed to achieve both high detection accuracy and training efficiency,while adapting flexibly to the diverse service requirements and complexity of 5G network slicing.The model was evaluated using the DDoS Datasets 2022,collected in a simulated 5G slicing environment.Experiments were conducted under both class-balanced and class-imbalanced conditions.In the balanced setting,the model achieved an accuracy of 89.33%,an F1-score of 88.23%,and an Area Under the Curve(AUC)of 89.45%.In the imbalanced setting(attack:normal 7:3),the model maintained strong robustness,=achieving a recall of 100%and an F1-score of 90.91%,demonstrating its effectiveness in diverse real-world scenarios.Compared to existing AI-based detection methods,the proposed model showed higher precision,better handling of class imbalance,and strong generalization performance.Moreover,its modular structure is well-suited for deployment in containerized network function(NF)environments,making it a practical solution for real-world 5G infrastructure.These results highlight the potential of the proposed approach to enhance both the security and operational resilience of 5G slicing networks.
文摘Today’s Internet of Things (IoT) application domains are widely distributed, which exposes them to several security risks and assaults, especially when data is being transferred between endpoints with constrained resources and the backbone network. Numerous researchers have put a lot of effort into addressing routing protocol security vulnerabilities, particularly regarding IoT RPL-based networks. Despite multiple studies on the security of IoT routing protocols, routing attacks remain a major focus of ongoing research in IoT contexts. This paper examines the different types of routing attacks, how they affect Internet of Things networks, and how to mitigate them. Then, it provides an overview of recently published work on routing threats, primarily focusing on countermeasures, highlighting noteworthy security contributions, and drawing conclusions. Consequently, it achieves the study’s main objectives by summarizing intriguing current research trends in IoT routing security, pointing out knowledge gaps in this field, and suggesting directions and recommendations for future research on IoT routing security.
文摘The use of machine learning algorithms to identify characteristics in Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks has emerged as a powerful approach in cybersecurity. DDoS attacks, which aim to overwhelm a network or service with a flood of malicious traffic, pose significant threats to online systems. Traditional methods of detection and mitigation often struggle to keep pace with the evolving nature of these attacks. Machine learning, with its ability to analyze vast amounts of data and recognize patterns, offers a robust solution to this challenge. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the application of ensemble ML algorithms, namely the K-Means and the KNN, for a dual clustering mechanism when used with PySpark to collect 99% accurate data. The algorithms, when used together, identify distinctive features of DDoS attacks that prove a very accurate reflection of reality, so they are a good combination for this aim. Impressively, having preprocessed the data, both algorithms with the PySpark foundation enabled the achievement of 99% accuracy when tuned on the features of a DDoS big dataset. The semi-supervised dataset tabulates traffic anomalies in terms of packet size distribution in correlation to Flow Duration. By training the K-Means Clustering and then applying the KNN to the dataset, the algorithms learn to evaluate the character of activity to a greater degree by displaying density with ease. The study evaluates the effectiveness of the K-Means Clustering with the KNN as ensemble algorithms that adapt very well in detecting complex patterns. Ultimately, cross-reaching environmental results indicate that ML-based approaches significantly improve detection rates compared to traditional methods. Furthermore, ensemble learning methods, which combine two plus multiple models to improve prediction accuracy, show greatness in handling the complexity and variability of big data sets especially when implemented by PySpark. The findings suggest that the enhancement of accuracy derives from newer software that’s designed to reflect reality. However, challenges remain in the deployment of these systems, including the need for large, high-quality datasets and the potential for adversarial attacks that attempt to deceive the ML models. Future research should continue to improve the robustness and efficiency of combining algorithms, as well as integrate them with existing security frameworks to provide comprehensive protection against DDoS attacks and other areas. The dataset was originally created by the University of New Brunswick to analyze DDoS data. The dataset itself was based on logs of the university’s servers, which found various DoS attacks throughout the publicly available period to totally generate 80 attributes with a 6.40GB size. In this dataset, the label and binary column become a very important portion of the final classification. In the last column, this means the normal traffic would be differentiated by the attack traffic. Further analysis is then ripe for investigation. Finally, malicious traffic alert software, as an example, should be trained on packet influx to Flow Duration dependence, which creates a mathematical scope for averages to enact. In achieving such high accuracy, the project acts as an illustration (referenced in the form of excerpts from my Google Colab account) of many attempts to tune. Cybersecurity advocates for more work on the character of brute-force attack traffic and normal traffic features overall since most of our investments as humans are digitally based in work, recreational, and social environments.
