With the explosive development of wireless communication and low power embedded techniques, Body Area Network (BAN) has opened up new frontiers in the race to provide real-time health monitoring. IEEE 802 has establis...With the explosive development of wireless communication and low power embedded techniques, Body Area Network (BAN) has opened up new frontiers in the race to provide real-time health monitoring. IEEE 802 has established a Task Group called IEEE 802.15.6 inNovember 2007 and aims to establish a communication standard optimized for low power, high reliability applied to medical and non-medical application for BANs. This paper overviews the path loss model and the communication scheme for implant-to-body surface channel presented by IEEE 802.15.6 standard. Comparing with the standard scheme where BCH (Bose-Chaudhuri-Hochquenghem) code is employing, we propose a new coding solution using convolutional code operating with Bit Interleaver based on the properties of implant-to-body surface channel. To analyze the performance of the two Error Correct Coding (ECC) schemes, we performed simulations in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) and power consumption on MATLAB and FPGA platform, respectively. The simulation results proved that with appropriate constraint length, convolutional code has a better performance not only in BER, but also in minimization of resources and power consumption.展开更多
Wireless Body Area Network(WBAN) is an emerging technology to provide real-time health monitoring and ubiquitous healthcare services. In many applications, multiple wireless body area networks have to coexist in a sma...Wireless Body Area Network(WBAN) is an emerging technology to provide real-time health monitoring and ubiquitous healthcare services. In many applications, multiple wireless body area networks have to coexist in a small area, resulting in serious inter-network interference. This not only reduces network reliability that is especially important in emergency medical applications, but also consumes more power of WBANs. In this paper, an inter-network interference mitigation approach based on a power control algorithm is proposed. Power control is modeled as a non-cooperative game, in which both inter-network interference and energy efficiency of WBANs are considered. The existence and uniqueness of Nash Equilibrium in the game are proved, and an optimal scheme based on best response is proposed to find its Nash Equilibrium. By coordinating the transmission power levels among networks under interference environment, the total system throughput can be increased with minimum power consumed. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been illustrated by simulation results, where the performance of the proposed approach is evaluated in terms of overall utility and power efficiency and convergence speed.展开更多
Recent advances in Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology, integrated circuits, and wireless communication have allowed the realization of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). WBANs promise unobtrusive amb...Recent advances in Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology, integrated circuits, and wireless communication have allowed the realization of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). WBANs promise unobtrusive ambulatory health monitoring for a long period of time, and provide real-time updates of the patient’s status to the physician. They are widely used for ubiquitous healthcare, entertainment, and military applications. This paper reviews the key aspects of WBANs for numerous applications. We present a WBAN infrastructure that provides solutions to on-demand, emergency, and normal traffic. We further discuss in-body antenna design and low-power MAC protocol for a WBAN. In addition, we briefly outline some of the WBAN applications with examples. Our discussion realizes a need for new power-efficient solu-tions towards in-body and on-body sensor networks.展开更多
重载铁路物联网设备在列车状态监测、轨道完整性检测及故障预警中广泛应用,对远距离、低功耗、高可靠通信提出了严格要求。通过分析重载铁路通信需求,研究远距离无线电(Long Range Radio,LoRa)、窄带物联网(Narrow Band Internet of Thi...重载铁路物联网设备在列车状态监测、轨道完整性检测及故障预警中广泛应用,对远距离、低功耗、高可靠通信提出了严格要求。通过分析重载铁路通信需求,研究远距离无线电(Long Range Radio,LoRa)、窄带物联网(Narrow Band Internet of Things,NB-IoT)、Sigfox等主流低功耗广域网(Low-Power Wide-Area Network,LPWAN)协议的技术特点与适配性,提出多信道自适应调制、分层分簇节点接入、混合传输、低功耗休眠调度及抗干扰链路冗余等优化策略,实现通信效率与功耗的动态平衡。展开更多
为实现景区能耗的高效监测与智能管理,提升能源利用效率,设计一套基于远距离无线电(Long Range Radio,LoRa)低功耗广域网技术的能耗监测与管理系统。通过构建三层系统架构,结合动态节点状态感知、设备能效优化策略生成及动态负载调控等...为实现景区能耗的高效监测与智能管理,提升能源利用效率,设计一套基于远距离无线电(Long Range Radio,LoRa)低功耗广域网技术的能耗监测与管理系统。通过构建三层系统架构,结合动态节点状态感知、设备能效优化策略生成及动态负载调控等关键技术,实现对景区各类用能设备的实时采集与智能控制。实验验证表明,系统在异常识别、策略生成和指令执行等方面均达到预期目标。研究结果表明,该系统具备部署灵活、响应迅速、节能效果显著等优势,为智慧景区建设提供可行的技术路径。展开更多
针对输电线路状态监测中传统通信技术覆盖不足、功耗高等问题,设计一种基于远距离无线电(Long Range Radio,LoRa)无线通信的输电线路状态监测系统。该系统采用分层架构设计,通过部署于杆塔的传感终端采集数据,利用LoRa技术实现远距离低...针对输电线路状态监测中传统通信技术覆盖不足、功耗高等问题,设计一种基于远距离无线电(Long Range Radio,LoRa)无线通信的输电线路状态监测系统。该系统采用分层架构设计,通过部署于杆塔的传感终端采集数据,利用LoRa技术实现远距离低功耗传输,经网关汇聚后上传至云端平台进行故障诊断与可视化分析。实测结果表明,该系统在郊区环境下通信距离可达8.2 km,终端休眠功耗低于1.5μA,数据丢包率小于3%。相较于传统4G监测方案,能耗降低72%,为输电线路广域监测提供高可靠性解决方案。展开更多
针对分布式电能计量系统中传统通信技术存在的覆盖盲区大、终端功耗高、部署成本高昂等瓶颈问题,研究远距离无线电(Long Range Radio,LoRa)技术在复杂环境下的适应性,提出基于长距离广域网(Long Range Wide Area Network,LoRaWAN)协议...针对分布式电能计量系统中传统通信技术存在的覆盖盲区大、终端功耗高、部署成本高昂等瓶颈问题,研究远距离无线电(Long Range Radio,LoRa)技术在复杂环境下的适应性,提出基于长距离广域网(Long Range Wide Area Network,LoRaWAN)协议的星形组网架构,设计终端侧STM32+SX1276的超低功耗硬件方案,构建网关侧多通道集中器部署策略,最后在3类典型场景下验证了所提方案的性能。展开更多
设计一种基于低功耗广域网的输电线路监测系统。系统硬件设计包括微控制器(Microcontroller Unit,MCU)及其外围电路和远距离无线电(Long Range Radio,LoRa)模块,实现低功耗、远距离数据传输。软件设计涵盖SCA100T-D02加速度传感器及节...设计一种基于低功耗广域网的输电线路监测系统。系统硬件设计包括微控制器(Microcontroller Unit,MCU)及其外围电路和远距离无线电(Long Range Radio,LoRa)模块,实现低功耗、远距离数据传输。软件设计涵盖SCA100T-D02加速度传感器及节点软件开发。通过通信测试和输电线路实时监测测试验证系统性能。测试结果表明,该系统在不同负载条件下均能实现高效、准确的数据传输。展开更多
[目的]DDoS攻击作为一种破坏性极强的网络威胁,严重影响电力系统的稳定运行。由于电力监控局域网中的数据流量复杂多变,DDoS攻击流量与正常流量在表现形式上存在较高相似性,导致二者难以有效区分。传统的静态阈值方法虽能在一定程度上...[目的]DDoS攻击作为一种破坏性极强的网络威胁,严重影响电力系统的稳定运行。由于电力监控局域网中的数据流量复杂多变,DDoS攻击流量与正常流量在表现形式上存在较高相似性,导致二者难以有效区分。传统的静态阈值方法虽能在一定程度上实现流量监测,但因无法适应流量的动态变化,常出现误判,从而削弱了对DDoS攻击的检测效果,难以为电力监控局域网提供可靠的安全保障。为此,提出一种基于动态阈值的电力监控局域网DDoS攻击检测方法。[方法]通过网络流量采集设备实时获取电力监控局域网的流量数据,并利用信息熵理论计算流量熵值。信息熵可反映数据的混乱程度:正常流量通常具有一定规律性,熵值相对稳定;而DDoS攻击流量因异常数据包的大量涌入,导致熵值显著波动。基于此特性,本文设定动态阈值,当流量熵值超过阈值时判定为异常流量。随后,提取异常流量的六元组特征集(包括平均流包数、平均字节数、源IP地址增速、流表生存时间变化、端口增速以及对流比),并将其输入预训练的最小二乘支持向量机(least squares support vector machine,LSSVM)分类器中。LSSVM通过对已知样本的学习建立特征与类别的映射关系,从而实现对异常流量的分类与判断,确定其是否为DDoS攻击流量。[结果]实验结果表明,本文方法在ROC曲线和PR曲线上均表现较好,ROC-AUC和PR-AUC值均较传统方法有所提高。这表明该方法在检测DDoS攻击时具备更高的准确率与召回率,能够有效识别隐藏于正常流量中的攻击流量,并显著降低误判率。[结论]基于动态阈值与LSSVM分类器的检测方法能够有效应对电力监控局域网中DDoS攻击与正常流量难以区分的问题,提升检测的准确性与可靠性,为电力监控局域网提供更为有效的DDoS攻击防护手段,有助于增强电力系统的安全性与稳定性,保障电力供应的可靠运行,对电力行业网络安全防护具有重要的实际应用价值。展开更多
文摘With the explosive development of wireless communication and low power embedded techniques, Body Area Network (BAN) has opened up new frontiers in the race to provide real-time health monitoring. IEEE 802 has established a Task Group called IEEE 802.15.6 inNovember 2007 and aims to establish a communication standard optimized for low power, high reliability applied to medical and non-medical application for BANs. This paper overviews the path loss model and the communication scheme for implant-to-body surface channel presented by IEEE 802.15.6 standard. Comparing with the standard scheme where BCH (Bose-Chaudhuri-Hochquenghem) code is employing, we propose a new coding solution using convolutional code operating with Bit Interleaver based on the properties of implant-to-body surface channel. To analyze the performance of the two Error Correct Coding (ECC) schemes, we performed simulations in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) and power consumption on MATLAB and FPGA platform, respectively. The simulation results proved that with appropriate constraint length, convolutional code has a better performance not only in BER, but also in minimization of resources and power consumption.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61074165 and No.61273064)Jilin Provincial Science & Technology Department Key Scientific and Technological Project (No.20140204034GX)Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission Project (No.2015Y043)
文摘Wireless Body Area Network(WBAN) is an emerging technology to provide real-time health monitoring and ubiquitous healthcare services. In many applications, multiple wireless body area networks have to coexist in a small area, resulting in serious inter-network interference. This not only reduces network reliability that is especially important in emergency medical applications, but also consumes more power of WBANs. In this paper, an inter-network interference mitigation approach based on a power control algorithm is proposed. Power control is modeled as a non-cooperative game, in which both inter-network interference and energy efficiency of WBANs are considered. The existence and uniqueness of Nash Equilibrium in the game are proved, and an optimal scheme based on best response is proposed to find its Nash Equilibrium. By coordinating the transmission power levels among networks under interference environment, the total system throughput can be increased with minimum power consumed. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been illustrated by simulation results, where the performance of the proposed approach is evaluated in terms of overall utility and power efficiency and convergence speed.
文摘Recent advances in Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology, integrated circuits, and wireless communication have allowed the realization of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). WBANs promise unobtrusive ambulatory health monitoring for a long period of time, and provide real-time updates of the patient’s status to the physician. They are widely used for ubiquitous healthcare, entertainment, and military applications. This paper reviews the key aspects of WBANs for numerous applications. We present a WBAN infrastructure that provides solutions to on-demand, emergency, and normal traffic. We further discuss in-body antenna design and low-power MAC protocol for a WBAN. In addition, we briefly outline some of the WBAN applications with examples. Our discussion realizes a need for new power-efficient solu-tions towards in-body and on-body sensor networks.
文摘重载铁路物联网设备在列车状态监测、轨道完整性检测及故障预警中广泛应用,对远距离、低功耗、高可靠通信提出了严格要求。通过分析重载铁路通信需求,研究远距离无线电(Long Range Radio,LoRa)、窄带物联网(Narrow Band Internet of Things,NB-IoT)、Sigfox等主流低功耗广域网(Low-Power Wide-Area Network,LPWAN)协议的技术特点与适配性,提出多信道自适应调制、分层分簇节点接入、混合传输、低功耗休眠调度及抗干扰链路冗余等优化策略,实现通信效率与功耗的动态平衡。
文摘为实现景区能耗的高效监测与智能管理,提升能源利用效率,设计一套基于远距离无线电(Long Range Radio,LoRa)低功耗广域网技术的能耗监测与管理系统。通过构建三层系统架构,结合动态节点状态感知、设备能效优化策略生成及动态负载调控等关键技术,实现对景区各类用能设备的实时采集与智能控制。实验验证表明,系统在异常识别、策略生成和指令执行等方面均达到预期目标。研究结果表明,该系统具备部署灵活、响应迅速、节能效果显著等优势,为智慧景区建设提供可行的技术路径。
文摘针对输电线路状态监测中传统通信技术覆盖不足、功耗高等问题,设计一种基于远距离无线电(Long Range Radio,LoRa)无线通信的输电线路状态监测系统。该系统采用分层架构设计,通过部署于杆塔的传感终端采集数据,利用LoRa技术实现远距离低功耗传输,经网关汇聚后上传至云端平台进行故障诊断与可视化分析。实测结果表明,该系统在郊区环境下通信距离可达8.2 km,终端休眠功耗低于1.5μA,数据丢包率小于3%。相较于传统4G监测方案,能耗降低72%,为输电线路广域监测提供高可靠性解决方案。
文摘针对分布式电能计量系统中传统通信技术存在的覆盖盲区大、终端功耗高、部署成本高昂等瓶颈问题,研究远距离无线电(Long Range Radio,LoRa)技术在复杂环境下的适应性,提出基于长距离广域网(Long Range Wide Area Network,LoRaWAN)协议的星形组网架构,设计终端侧STM32+SX1276的超低功耗硬件方案,构建网关侧多通道集中器部署策略,最后在3类典型场景下验证了所提方案的性能。
文摘设计一种基于低功耗广域网的输电线路监测系统。系统硬件设计包括微控制器(Microcontroller Unit,MCU)及其外围电路和远距离无线电(Long Range Radio,LoRa)模块,实现低功耗、远距离数据传输。软件设计涵盖SCA100T-D02加速度传感器及节点软件开发。通过通信测试和输电线路实时监测测试验证系统性能。测试结果表明,该系统在不同负载条件下均能实现高效、准确的数据传输。
文摘[目的]DDoS攻击作为一种破坏性极强的网络威胁,严重影响电力系统的稳定运行。由于电力监控局域网中的数据流量复杂多变,DDoS攻击流量与正常流量在表现形式上存在较高相似性,导致二者难以有效区分。传统的静态阈值方法虽能在一定程度上实现流量监测,但因无法适应流量的动态变化,常出现误判,从而削弱了对DDoS攻击的检测效果,难以为电力监控局域网提供可靠的安全保障。为此,提出一种基于动态阈值的电力监控局域网DDoS攻击检测方法。[方法]通过网络流量采集设备实时获取电力监控局域网的流量数据,并利用信息熵理论计算流量熵值。信息熵可反映数据的混乱程度:正常流量通常具有一定规律性,熵值相对稳定;而DDoS攻击流量因异常数据包的大量涌入,导致熵值显著波动。基于此特性,本文设定动态阈值,当流量熵值超过阈值时判定为异常流量。随后,提取异常流量的六元组特征集(包括平均流包数、平均字节数、源IP地址增速、流表生存时间变化、端口增速以及对流比),并将其输入预训练的最小二乘支持向量机(least squares support vector machine,LSSVM)分类器中。LSSVM通过对已知样本的学习建立特征与类别的映射关系,从而实现对异常流量的分类与判断,确定其是否为DDoS攻击流量。[结果]实验结果表明,本文方法在ROC曲线和PR曲线上均表现较好,ROC-AUC和PR-AUC值均较传统方法有所提高。这表明该方法在检测DDoS攻击时具备更高的准确率与召回率,能够有效识别隐藏于正常流量中的攻击流量,并显著降低误判率。[结论]基于动态阈值与LSSVM分类器的检测方法能够有效应对电力监控局域网中DDoS攻击与正常流量难以区分的问题,提升检测的准确性与可靠性,为电力监控局域网提供更为有效的DDoS攻击防护手段,有助于增强电力系统的安全性与稳定性,保障电力供应的可靠运行,对电力行业网络安全防护具有重要的实际应用价值。
