The emergence of the"Ancient State"is considered an important stage in the discourse on human civilizations.Based on its complex and hierarchical social structure,the Shuanghuaishu site of Henan Province is ...The emergence of the"Ancient State"is considered an important stage in the discourse on human civilizations.Based on its complex and hierarchical social structure,the Shuanghuaishu site of Henan Province is regarded as an"Ancient state",specifically the"Heluo Ancient State".The site is situated in the middle reaches of the Yellow River region and played a key role in prehistoric China.However,the reasons behind its decline are unclear.Here,we conducted an integrated investigation of the archaeological excavations and archaeoseismic analyses at the Shuanghuaishu site.We identified paleoseismic remains within paleo-artificial moats,which were formed owing to off-fault structures of soil liquefaction,hillslope landslides,and related ground fractures,along with shake-related wall disruption and building collapse in the residential zone.Charcoal dating was conducted to constrain the age for this earthquake event,which was determined to be approximately 5.0 cal kyr BP.Furthermore,based on the practical curve for earthquake-induced liquefaction,the preliminary estimate of the magnitude of this paleo seismic event is greater than M_(s)5.9-6.0.We propose that the Shuanghuaishu site experienced a recession after the earthquake event,which may have influenced the continuous development of the"Heluo Ancient State"as a regional center settlement.展开更多
This article verified that the Tu state mentioned in the oracle inscriptions was the Xia people after the Xia Dynasty had been conquered by Tang, the first king of the Shang Dynasty m c.a. 16th century B.C. The state...This article verified that the Tu state mentioned in the oracle inscriptions was the Xia people after the Xia Dynasty had been conquered by Tang, the first king of the Shang Dynasty m c.a. 16th century B.C. The state of Xia, which originated from Yu, was entitled "Xia Hou"; its king was hence called "Xia Hou Di" (Emperor of Xia Hou), e.g."Xia Hou Di Qi". The Xia people, together with the Yin (Shang) people, and the Zhou people, were the so-called "people of San Dai" (Three Dynasties). As mentioned in "Lunyu, Bayi", they founded the states, with the Xia people being associated with the pine, the Yin people with the cypress, and the Zhou people with the chestnut.展开更多
本研究基于“四态融合”理念,构建了街子古镇的综合评估框架,涵盖形态、文态、生态和业态4个维度,探讨了古镇空间效能的量化评估方法。结合空间句法、认知地图、街景图像语义分割、遥感分析与兴趣点(point of interest,POI)核密度等技术...本研究基于“四态融合”理念,构建了街子古镇的综合评估框架,涵盖形态、文态、生态和业态4个维度,探讨了古镇空间效能的量化评估方法。结合空间句法、认知地图、街景图像语义分割、遥感分析与兴趣点(point of interest,POI)核密度等技术,本研究评估了街子古镇的空间融合效能,并提出了相应的分区优化策略。研究结果表明,街子古镇高融合区主要集中在核心区域,低融合区多位于边缘冷点。基于此,提出了“核心引领-过渡衔接-边缘补充”的优化策略,以推动古镇的可持续发展。展开更多
The Yunnan Provincial Museum has collected typical artifacts unearthed from tombs dating back to the“ancient Dian State”period.In particular,bronzes inlaid with gold and jade have attracted much attention for their ...The Yunnan Provincial Museum has collected typical artifacts unearthed from tombs dating back to the“ancient Dian State”period.In particular,bronzes inlaid with gold and jade have attracted much attention for their shape,materials,techniques,aesthetics and cultural functions.Stone-jeweled bronze buckles with unique styles and exquisite craftmanship have become one of the most distinctive objects in this period.This study identifies the composition of green inlay fragments detached from a circular bronze buckle from Shizhaishan Tomb M13∶62 by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy(LA-ICP-OES)and documents surface micro-features by super-depth-of-field microscopy.The results demonstrate that the inlay material is libethenite[Cu_2(PO_4)(OH)],a copper phosphate hydroxide previously misidentified as turquoise or malachite.Through technological archaeology,we can restore the Mosaic process,assess the technical level of metal refining technology at that time,and conduct a detailed cultural interaction through the material's source,development,and evolution.The technological,aesthetic,and cultural implications of these findings are discussed,emphasizing the role of stone-jeweled buckles as elite insignia.This research underscores the importance of scientific analysis in correcting visually based misidentifications and contributes to the archaeogeographical study of early gem utilization in southwestern China.展开更多
The typical morphology of alloy lead（Pb） in ancient bronzes made in the Spring-Autumn Warring States Period（770 B.C.-221 B.C.）,China,was examined by using electron microscopic techniques.We propose that the main p...The typical morphology of alloy lead（Pb） in ancient bronzes made in the Spring-Autumn Warring States Period（770 B.C.-221 B.C.）,China,was examined by using electron microscopic techniques.We propose that the main purposes for adding metallic Pb in a large quantity into ancient bronzes,such as arrows and ritual vessel-Ding,were for increasing weight and economical reasons.In order to promote adding efficiency and improve casting quality for getting homogenously distributed Pb particles in the bronzes,a process through inserting Pb rod into the mold is supposed to be used during casting,which provided a process for preventing Pb sinkage.Scanning electron microscope（SEM） observations from the fracture surface of the bronzes revealed that the Pb particle possessed a ＂hollow-cored bubble＂ structure,which was formed due to absorbing casting gases during solidification and therefore indirectly eliminated the casting porosity and loosen.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2020YFC1521605)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41971002,41971016.41671014 and U2039201)+3 种基金the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.19ZDA227)the Study of Environment Archaeology in Zhengzhou,the Digital Environment Archaeology Specially-appointed Researcher of Henan,China(Grant No.210501002)the Science and Technology Open Cooperation Project(Grant No.210901006)the Science and Technology Think-Tank Project of Henan Academy of Sciences(Grant No.210701002)。
文摘The emergence of the"Ancient State"is considered an important stage in the discourse on human civilizations.Based on its complex and hierarchical social structure,the Shuanghuaishu site of Henan Province is regarded as an"Ancient state",specifically the"Heluo Ancient State".The site is situated in the middle reaches of the Yellow River region and played a key role in prehistoric China.However,the reasons behind its decline are unclear.Here,we conducted an integrated investigation of the archaeological excavations and archaeoseismic analyses at the Shuanghuaishu site.We identified paleoseismic remains within paleo-artificial moats,which were formed owing to off-fault structures of soil liquefaction,hillslope landslides,and related ground fractures,along with shake-related wall disruption and building collapse in the residential zone.Charcoal dating was conducted to constrain the age for this earthquake event,which was determined to be approximately 5.0 cal kyr BP.Furthermore,based on the practical curve for earthquake-induced liquefaction,the preliminary estimate of the magnitude of this paleo seismic event is greater than M_(s)5.9-6.0.We propose that the Shuanghuaishu site experienced a recession after the earthquake event,which may have influenced the continuous development of the"Heluo Ancient State"as a regional center settlement.
文摘This article verified that the Tu state mentioned in the oracle inscriptions was the Xia people after the Xia Dynasty had been conquered by Tang, the first king of the Shang Dynasty m c.a. 16th century B.C. The state of Xia, which originated from Yu, was entitled "Xia Hou"; its king was hence called "Xia Hou Di" (Emperor of Xia Hou), e.g."Xia Hou Di Qi". The Xia people, together with the Yin (Shang) people, and the Zhou people, were the so-called "people of San Dai" (Three Dynasties). As mentioned in "Lunyu, Bayi", they founded the states, with the Xia people being associated with the pine, the Yin people with the cypress, and the Zhou people with the chestnut.
文摘本研究基于“四态融合”理念,构建了街子古镇的综合评估框架,涵盖形态、文态、生态和业态4个维度,探讨了古镇空间效能的量化评估方法。结合空间句法、认知地图、街景图像语义分割、遥感分析与兴趣点(point of interest,POI)核密度等技术,本研究评估了街子古镇的空间融合效能,并提出了相应的分区优化策略。研究结果表明,街子古镇高融合区主要集中在核心区域,低融合区多位于边缘冷点。基于此,提出了“核心引领-过渡衔接-边缘补充”的优化策略,以推动古镇的可持续发展。
基金supported by the Major Project of Archaeological China(Grant No.Cultural Relics Guarantee[2020]444)provided by the Independent Innovation Funding Program for College Students Research Project of China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)(Grant No.2024XLB5)the China Scholarship Council(CSC)(Project No.202406410064)。
文摘The Yunnan Provincial Museum has collected typical artifacts unearthed from tombs dating back to the“ancient Dian State”period.In particular,bronzes inlaid with gold and jade have attracted much attention for their shape,materials,techniques,aesthetics and cultural functions.Stone-jeweled bronze buckles with unique styles and exquisite craftmanship have become one of the most distinctive objects in this period.This study identifies the composition of green inlay fragments detached from a circular bronze buckle from Shizhaishan Tomb M13∶62 by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy(LA-ICP-OES)and documents surface micro-features by super-depth-of-field microscopy.The results demonstrate that the inlay material is libethenite[Cu_2(PO_4)(OH)],a copper phosphate hydroxide previously misidentified as turquoise or malachite.Through technological archaeology,we can restore the Mosaic process,assess the technical level of metal refining technology at that time,and conduct a detailed cultural interaction through the material's source,development,and evolution.The technological,aesthetic,and cultural implications of these findings are discussed,emphasizing the role of stone-jeweled buckles as elite insignia.This research underscores the importance of scientific analysis in correcting visually based misidentifications and contributes to the archaeogeographical study of early gem utilization in southwestern China.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(J1210061)
文摘The typical morphology of alloy lead（Pb） in ancient bronzes made in the Spring-Autumn Warring States Period（770 B.C.-221 B.C.）,China,was examined by using electron microscopic techniques.We propose that the main purposes for adding metallic Pb in a large quantity into ancient bronzes,such as arrows and ritual vessel-Ding,were for increasing weight and economical reasons.In order to promote adding efficiency and improve casting quality for getting homogenously distributed Pb particles in the bronzes,a process through inserting Pb rod into the mold is supposed to be used during casting,which provided a process for preventing Pb sinkage.Scanning electron microscope（SEM） observations from the fracture surface of the bronzes revealed that the Pb particle possessed a ＂hollow-cored bubble＂ structure,which was formed due to absorbing casting gases during solidification and therefore indirectly eliminated the casting porosity and loosen.
