Osteoarthritis(OA)is a prevalent degenerative joint disorder marked by chronic pain,inflammation,and cartilage loss,with current treatments limited to symptom relief.G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)play a pivotal ro...Osteoarthritis(OA)is a prevalent degenerative joint disorder marked by chronic pain,inflammation,and cartilage loss,with current treatments limited to symptom relief.G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)play a pivotal role in OA progression by regulating inflammation,chondrocyte survival,and matrix homeostasis.However,their multifaceted signaling,via G proteins orβ-arrestins,poses challenges for precise therapeutic targeting.Biased agonism,where ligands selectively activate specific GPCR pathways,emerges as a promising approach to optimize efficacy and reduce side effects.This review examines biased signaling in OAassociated GPCRs,including cannabinoid receptors(CB1,CB2),chemokine receptors(CCR2,CXCR4),protease-activated receptors(PAR-2),adenosine receptors(A1R,A2AR,A2BR,A3R),melanocortin receptors(MC1R,MC3R),bradykinin receptors(B2R),prostaglandin E2 receptors(EP-2,EP-4),and calcium-sensing receptors(CaSR).We analyze ligands in clinical trials and explore natural products from Traditional Chinese Medicine as potential biased agonists.These compounds,with diverse structures and bioactivities,offer novel therapeutic avenues.By harnessing biased agonism,this review underscores the potential for developing targeted,safer OA therapies that address its complex pathology,bridging molecular insights with clinical translation.展开更多
By means of a Monte Carlo simulation,we study the three-state Potts model on a two-dimensional quasiperiodic structure based on a dodecagonal cluster covering pattern.The critical temperature and exponents are obtaine...By means of a Monte Carlo simulation,we study the three-state Potts model on a two-dimensional quasiperiodic structure based on a dodecagonal cluster covering pattern.The critical temperature and exponents are obtained from finite-size scaling analysis.It is shown that the Potts model on the quasiperiodic lattice belongs to the same universal class as those on periodic ones.展开更多
According to the quasicrystal continuum model and linear elasticity theory,based on the equivalence assumption of phonons and phasons in quasicrystals we have deduced five phase-velocities of elastic wave propagating ...According to the quasicrystal continuum model and linear elasticity theory,based on the equivalence assumption of phonons and phasons in quasicrystals we have deduced five phase-velocities of elastic wave propagating in the decagonal quasicrystals.By inserting these velocities into the specific heat expression,we have successed in explaining the experiment of specific heat performed on the single-grained decagonal Al-Ni-Co quasicrystals at low temperature.Our results show that the contribution of the phason-strain to the specific heat cannot be neglected at low-temperature.Moveover,the phason-strain may be a main reason that the decagonal quasicrystals possess anisotropic thermal conductivity.展开更多
The transformation from the octagonal lattice to a square lattice is demonstrated straightforward under the cut description by introducing a peculiar linear phason strain.The calculated lattice parameter of the ft-Mn ...The transformation from the octagonal lattice to a square lattice is demonstrated straightforward under the cut description by introducing a peculiar linear phason strain.The calculated lattice parameter of the ft-Mn structure from the edge length of squares and rhombi forming the octagonal quasilattice is in agreement with experimental results.展开更多
Our solar neighborhood has many asymmetries, suchasarchshape,snailshapeandridge shape. Up to now, our astronomers are still not s ure about the origins and evolution of the famous ridge structure due to the lack of cl...Our solar neighborhood has many asymmetries, suchasarchshape,snailshapeandridge shape. Up to now, our astronomers are still not s ure about the origins and evolution of the famous ridge structure due to the lack of clear and solid evidence in multiple parameter space.展开更多
The Lead-cooled Fast Reactor(LFR)is a nuclear reactor using molten lead or lead-bismuth eutectic as the coolant.Features of LFR are fast neutron spectrum,closed fuel cycle,operating in high temperature and lowpressure...The Lead-cooled Fast Reactor(LFR)is a nuclear reactor using molten lead or lead-bismuth eutectic as the coolant.Features of LFR are fast neutron spectrum,closed fuel cycle,operating in high temperature and lowpressure.For its outstanding safety and design simplification,LFR was regarded as one of the Generation IV reactors by the Generation IV International Forum(GIF)and was selected as the reactor type of China Initiative Accelerator Driven System(CiADS)as well.The national major science and technology infrastructure CiADS was approved by the National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC)at the end of 2015,and it will be built by 2024[1−3].展开更多
CONSPECTUS:Hexagonal boron nitride(hBN)has emerged as a promising two-dimensional(2D)material because of its unique optical properties in the deep-UV region,mechanical robustness,thermal stability,and chemical inertne...CONSPECTUS:Hexagonal boron nitride(hBN)has emerged as a promising two-dimensional(2D)material because of its unique optical properties in the deep-UV region,mechanical robustness,thermal stability,and chemical inertness.Ultrathin hBN layers have gained significant scientific attention for various applications,including nanoelectronics,photonics,single photon emission,anticorrosion,and membranes.展开更多
In this new book,A Survey of Agon in Ancient Greece,Wang Daqing makes an exhaustive examination on the history of agon based on his research on this subject over the last ten years.Almost one half of the content of th...In this new book,A Survey of Agon in Ancient Greece,Wang Daqing makes an exhaustive examination on the history of agon based on his research on this subject over the last ten years.Almost one half of the content of this book has already been separately published.Therefore there are some overlapping narratives in several chapters.Nevertheless it is not appropriate to define this monograph as a collection of papers,because the various themes mentioned in this volume are interrelated.Taken as a whole,the research amounts to a comprehensive study of agon.This new monograph is characterized by its systematic,logical and practical nature.展开更多
At the invitation of Japan's Agon Shu (阿含宗),a Chinese Buddhist delegation led by Venerable Minghai (明海),Vice President of the Buddhist Association of China (BAC) and Executive Vice President of the Buddhist A...At the invitation of Japan's Agon Shu (阿含宗),a Chinese Buddhist delegation led by Venerable Minghai (明海),Vice President of the Buddhist Association of China (BAC) and Executive Vice President of the Buddhist Academy of China,attended the 2024 Obon (Ullambana,盂兰盆)*Ceremony from August 14 to 18,2024,in Japan.Together with both old and new friends of Agon Shu,the delegation,empowered by the light and wisdom ofthe Dharma,gathered to pay tribute to past sages and discuss the future.展开更多
Endometriosis is an inflammatory oestrogen dependent disease defined by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma at extrauterine sites. The modern advance in treatment of endometriosis management is tackling the ...Endometriosis is an inflammatory oestrogen dependent disease defined by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma at extrauterine sites. The modern advance in treatment of endometriosis management is tackling the debilitating pain it causes, besides the infertility in patients desiring fertility in reproductive age group. This can be achieved by surgical or medical means, although in most cases a combination of both treatments is required. Usually, long term treatment is required in most cases. Unfortunately in most cases, pain symptoms recur between 6months and 12 months once treatment is stopped. A lot of research has gone in understanding the pathogenesis and further medical management of endometriosis besides surgery to be useful in relieving pain and use in patients desiring fertility besides hormonal treatments used earlier like hormonal contraceptives (oral, transdermal or vaginal administration), progestogens, danazol, Gonadotrophic releasing hormone agonist (GnRH), aromatase inhibitors. Newer agents like antiangiogenic drugs, phytochemical agents like resveratrol, TNF-α inhibitors, GnRH antagonists like egalogolix, statins, antiinflammatory agents like COX2 Inhibitors and PPARγ inhibitors like pioglitazone etc., with recent work of combined efficacy of telmesartan of both PPARγ partial agonism along with angiotensin 1 receptor agonism having more efficacy, role of immunomodulators like rapamycin, lipoxin 4 and pentoxyphylline, GnRH antagonists like egalogolix are still under study undergoing phase III trials although preliminary results show promising results with fewer side effects as compared to similar duration of GnRH agonist and much less BMD side effects. Increasing number of trials show the safety of SPRM’s, along with efficacy although disadvantage is suppression of fertility so cannot be used for women desiring fertility. Currently, only mifepristone and ulipristal have received FDA approval for indication in fibroid treatment, MTP and not for endometriosis as yet. The advantages and disadvantages of all the recent advances are discussed in an update in the pathophysiology as well medical treatment of endometriosis.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology(2023YFC2509900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82374106)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20371)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund of Guangdong Province(2021B1515120061)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(JCYJ20210324102006017)SZ-HK Joint Laboratory for Innovative Biomaterials under CAS-HK Joint Laboratories(2024-2028).
文摘Osteoarthritis(OA)is a prevalent degenerative joint disorder marked by chronic pain,inflammation,and cartilage loss,with current treatments limited to symptom relief.G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)play a pivotal role in OA progression by regulating inflammation,chondrocyte survival,and matrix homeostasis.However,their multifaceted signaling,via G proteins orβ-arrestins,poses challenges for precise therapeutic targeting.Biased agonism,where ligands selectively activate specific GPCR pathways,emerges as a promising approach to optimize efficacy and reduce side effects.This review examines biased signaling in OAassociated GPCRs,including cannabinoid receptors(CB1,CB2),chemokine receptors(CCR2,CXCR4),protease-activated receptors(PAR-2),adenosine receptors(A1R,A2AR,A2BR,A3R),melanocortin receptors(MC1R,MC3R),bradykinin receptors(B2R),prostaglandin E2 receptors(EP-2,EP-4),and calcium-sensing receptors(CaSR).We analyze ligands in clinical trials and explore natural products from Traditional Chinese Medicine as potential biased agonists.These compounds,with diverse structures and bioactivities,offer novel therapeutic avenues.By harnessing biased agonism,this review underscores the potential for developing targeted,safer OA therapies that address its complex pathology,bridging molecular insights with clinical translation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 10474021.
文摘By means of a Monte Carlo simulation,we study the three-state Potts model on a two-dimensional quasiperiodic structure based on a dodecagonal cluster covering pattern.The critical temperature and exponents are obtained from finite-size scaling analysis.It is shown that the Potts model on the quasiperiodic lattice belongs to the same universal class as those on periodic ones.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.19874021.
文摘According to the quasicrystal continuum model and linear elasticity theory,based on the equivalence assumption of phonons and phasons in quasicrystals we have deduced five phase-velocities of elastic wave propagating in the decagonal quasicrystals.By inserting these velocities into the specific heat expression,we have successed in explaining the experiment of specific heat performed on the single-grained decagonal Al-Ni-Co quasicrystals at low temperature.Our results show that the contribution of the phason-strain to the specific heat cannot be neglected at low-temperature.Moveover,the phason-strain may be a main reason that the decagonal quasicrystals possess anisotropic thermal conductivity.
基金Supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The transformation from the octagonal lattice to a square lattice is demonstrated straightforward under the cut description by introducing a peculiar linear phason strain.The calculated lattice parameter of the ft-Mn structure from the edge length of squares and rhombi forming the octagonal quasilattice is in agreement with experimental results.
文摘Our solar neighborhood has many asymmetries, suchasarchshape,snailshapeandridge shape. Up to now, our astronomers are still not s ure about the origins and evolution of the famous ridge structure due to the lack of clear and solid evidence in multiple parameter space.
文摘The Lead-cooled Fast Reactor(LFR)is a nuclear reactor using molten lead or lead-bismuth eutectic as the coolant.Features of LFR are fast neutron spectrum,closed fuel cycle,operating in high temperature and lowpressure.For its outstanding safety and design simplification,LFR was regarded as one of the Generation IV reactors by the Generation IV International Forum(GIF)and was selected as the reactor type of China Initiative Accelerator Driven System(CiADS)as well.The national major science and technology infrastructure CiADS was approved by the National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC)at the end of 2015,and it will be built by 2024[1−3].
基金supported by the research fund(NRF-2021R1A3B1077184 and NRF-2022R1C1C2009666)via the National Research Foundation of Korea.
文摘CONSPECTUS:Hexagonal boron nitride(hBN)has emerged as a promising two-dimensional(2D)material because of its unique optical properties in the deep-UV region,mechanical robustness,thermal stability,and chemical inertness.Ultrathin hBN layers have gained significant scientific attention for various applications,including nanoelectronics,photonics,single photon emission,anticorrosion,and membranes.
文摘In this new book,A Survey of Agon in Ancient Greece,Wang Daqing makes an exhaustive examination on the history of agon based on his research on this subject over the last ten years.Almost one half of the content of this book has already been separately published.Therefore there are some overlapping narratives in several chapters.Nevertheless it is not appropriate to define this monograph as a collection of papers,because the various themes mentioned in this volume are interrelated.Taken as a whole,the research amounts to a comprehensive study of agon.This new monograph is characterized by its systematic,logical and practical nature.
文摘At the invitation of Japan's Agon Shu (阿含宗),a Chinese Buddhist delegation led by Venerable Minghai (明海),Vice President of the Buddhist Association of China (BAC) and Executive Vice President of the Buddhist Academy of China,attended the 2024 Obon (Ullambana,盂兰盆)*Ceremony from August 14 to 18,2024,in Japan.Together with both old and new friends of Agon Shu,the delegation,empowered by the light and wisdom ofthe Dharma,gathered to pay tribute to past sages and discuss the future.
文摘Endometriosis is an inflammatory oestrogen dependent disease defined by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma at extrauterine sites. The modern advance in treatment of endometriosis management is tackling the debilitating pain it causes, besides the infertility in patients desiring fertility in reproductive age group. This can be achieved by surgical or medical means, although in most cases a combination of both treatments is required. Usually, long term treatment is required in most cases. Unfortunately in most cases, pain symptoms recur between 6months and 12 months once treatment is stopped. A lot of research has gone in understanding the pathogenesis and further medical management of endometriosis besides surgery to be useful in relieving pain and use in patients desiring fertility besides hormonal treatments used earlier like hormonal contraceptives (oral, transdermal or vaginal administration), progestogens, danazol, Gonadotrophic releasing hormone agonist (GnRH), aromatase inhibitors. Newer agents like antiangiogenic drugs, phytochemical agents like resveratrol, TNF-α inhibitors, GnRH antagonists like egalogolix, statins, antiinflammatory agents like COX2 Inhibitors and PPARγ inhibitors like pioglitazone etc., with recent work of combined efficacy of telmesartan of both PPARγ partial agonism along with angiotensin 1 receptor agonism having more efficacy, role of immunomodulators like rapamycin, lipoxin 4 and pentoxyphylline, GnRH antagonists like egalogolix are still under study undergoing phase III trials although preliminary results show promising results with fewer side effects as compared to similar duration of GnRH agonist and much less BMD side effects. Increasing number of trials show the safety of SPRM’s, along with efficacy although disadvantage is suppression of fertility so cannot be used for women desiring fertility. Currently, only mifepristone and ulipristal have received FDA approval for indication in fibroid treatment, MTP and not for endometriosis as yet. The advantages and disadvantages of all the recent advances are discussed in an update in the pathophysiology as well medical treatment of endometriosis.
