Crime cases from snatch thefts to murders, are becoming increasingly common in Malaysia according to the database of the Royal Malaysian Police （RMP）, the current overall Crime Index in Malaysia was 147,062 for 2013...Crime cases from snatch thefts to murders, are becoming increasingly common in Malaysia according to the database of the Royal Malaysian Police （RMP）, the current overall Crime Index in Malaysia was 147,062 for 2013 compared with 65,237 in 1977. The database also revealed that the number of property crimes reported in this country has always exceeded the number of violent crimes. Although in 2013, crimes related to property are higher （117,687） than violent crime （29,375）, the gradual increase in the latter does worry Malaysians. Likewise, Malaysian Government had implemented a ＂safe community＂ concept, inspired by the Malaysian Crime Prevention Foundation （MCPF）, a non-government organization, as they were concerned that the threat of violent crime and non-violent crime would eventually reduce the quality of life for many individuals. The concept is very important to the public as it is perceived as improved safety for the public with less crime. This study analyzes the public safety through their perceptions on the effectiveness of the policeman and suggesting few prevention actions against crime. The data were collected using a self-administered survey questionnaire. Specifically, this study focuses on the more developed states in this country. From the cross tabulation analysis, the majority of respondents agreed that the police are effective in controlling crime. Approximately, 72.1% of respondents felt that the police are efficient in controlling crime.展开更多
Architects treat building frontages with careful attention to aesthetic detail.The ability of a building’s frontage to draw attention is directly proportional to its aesthetic perception resulting from the compositio...Architects treat building frontages with careful attention to aesthetic detail.The ability of a building’s frontage to draw attention is directly proportional to its aesthetic perception resulting from the composition of its constituent physical features.While deciding on the building’s aesthetics is the architect’s prerogative,a question arises as to on what basis can an architect compare various conceptual designs and decide on the best option,considering the building users’“likeability”factor.Aesthetic perception ratings and rankings from 206 regular shoppers were elicited.Further,52 architects were asked to evaluate the aesthetics of these ranked shopping buildings.Combining Architects’Gestalt indices with Birkhoff’s aesthetic measures as well as ranking weightages given by the public,a frontage aesthetic perception index of likeability—FAPIL,is proposed as an indexical aid for design decision making by architects.The findings were elicited by giving due consideration to building users’as well as architect’s judgement so that they can be embodied into the design under conceptualization.Given site and cost constraints faced by the architect,the architect needs to ensure that the aesthetic features contributing to visual order be at least 2.3 times those that contribute to visual complexity for positive aesthetic perception of a shopping building.展开更多
Against the background of the Chinese government's advocacy for deepening the reform of aesthetic education evaluation,this study focuses on musical aesthetic perception ability.It aims to enrich aesthetic educati...Against the background of the Chinese government's advocacy for deepening the reform of aesthetic education evaluation,this study focuses on musical aesthetic perception ability.It aims to enrich aesthetic education evaluation tools applicable to Chinese students and promote the diversification of evaluation methods.First,the study sorts out relevant definitions of aesthetic perception and existing assessment tools.Then,based on the perspective of cognitive neuroaesthetics,it constructs the dimensions of junior high school students'musical aesthetic perception ability,and accordingly develops the Scale for Assessing Junior High School Students'Musical Aesthetic Perception Ability.Through Exploratory Factor Analysis(EFA)and Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA),the scale shows good reliability and validity(23 items,Cronbach's=0.916,RMSEA=0.064),verifying the six-dimensional theoretical hypothesis of musical aesthetic perception ability.At the application level,a survey conducted on junior high school students in Suzhou reveals significant differences in musical aesthetic perception ability among groups with different genders,grades,and musical learning experiences.This provides a reference basis for the assessment and cultivation of musical aesthetic perception ability.展开更多
The aesthetic perceptions of local residents towards residential landscapes are significant to the protection and sustainable development of regional landscapes, especially in underdeveloped areas with landscape resou...The aesthetic perceptions of local residents towards residential landscapes are significant to the protection and sustainable development of regional landscapes, especially in underdeveloped areas with landscape resources of higher aesthetic value. Using Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province as a case study, we conducted questionnaires with 620 local residents and a logistic regression model to determine aesthetic perceptions and factors affecting these perceptions. We found that local residents in Nujiang hold a relatively high perception of their residential landscapes. A majority of respondents, 75.81%, believe their residential landscapes are beautiful. Eight factors were found to influence the aesthetic perception. In direct influential factors, administrative village located in the protected areas and the standard deviation of the elevation around the administrative village have positive influence; distance from administrative village to county town, the ecological environment has changed in recent years, whether tourism development has a negative impact and wish to live in the city have negative influence. In indirect influential factors, both residential house type and have a television at home have positive influence. Based on these results, we discussed relevant policy suggestions to maintain the aesthetic perceptions held by local residents of their residential landscapes and promote the protection and sustainable development of this valuable landscape in Nujiang.展开更多
BACKGROUND Current concepts of beauty are increasingly subjective,influenced by the viewpoints of others.The aim of the study was to evaluate divergences in the perception of dental appearance and smile esthetics amon...BACKGROUND Current concepts of beauty are increasingly subjective,influenced by the viewpoints of others.The aim of the study was to evaluate divergences in the perception of dental appearance and smile esthetics among patients,laypersons and dental practitioners.The study goals were to evaluate the influence of age,sex,education and dental specialty on the participants’judgment and to identify the values of different esthetic criteria.Patients sample included 50 patients who responded to a dental appearance questionnaire(DAQ).Two frontal photographs were taken,one during a smile and one with retracted lips.Laypersons and dentists were asked to evaluate both photographs using a Linear Scale from(0-10),where 0 represent(absolutely unaesthetic)and 10 represent(absolutely aesthetic).One-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)and t-test analysis were measured for each group.Most patients in the sample expressed satisfaction with most aspects of their smiles and dental appearance.Among laypersons(including 488 participants),47 pictures“with lips”out of 50 had higher mean aesthetic scores compared to pictures“without lips”.Among the dentist sample,90 dentists’perception towards the esthetic smile and dental appearance for photos“with lips”and“without lips”were the same for 23 out of 50 patients.Perception of smile aesthetics differed between patients,laypersons and dentists.Several factors can contribute to shape the perception of smile aesthetic.AIM To compare the perception of dental aesthetic among patients,laypersons,and professional dentists,to evaluate the impact of age,sex,educational background,and income on the judgments made by laypersons,to assess the variations in experience,specialty,age,and sex on professional dentists’judgment,and to evaluate the role of lips,skin shade and tooth shade in different participants’judgments.METHODS Patients sample included 50 patients who responded to DAQ.Two frontal photographs were taken:one during a smile and one with retracted lips.Laypersons and dentists were asked to evaluate both photographs using a Linear Scale from(0-10),where 0 represent(absolutely unaesthetic)and 10 represent(absolutely aesthetic).One-way ANOVA and t-test analysis were measured for each group.RESULTS Most patients in the sample expressed satisfaction with most aspects of their smiles and dental appearance.Among laypersons(including 488 participants),47 pictures“with lips”out of 50 had higher mean aesthetic scores compared to pictures“without lips”.Whereas among the dentist sample,90 dentists’perception towards the esthetic smile and dental appearance for photos“with lips”and“without lips”were the same for 23 out of 50 patients.Perception of smile aesthetics differed between patients,laypersons and dentists.CONCLUSION Several factors can contribute to shape the perception of smile aesthetic.展开更多
Geiger considers dilettantism as an aesthetic attitude(inner concentration)that undermines the subject's ability to truly perceive the essential value of the artwork and thus calls for outer concentration to actua...Geiger considers dilettantism as an aesthetic attitude(inner concentration)that undermines the subject's ability to truly perceive the essential value of the artwork and thus calls for outer concentration to actualize the justice of the work itself.Geiger's position suggests that we must pay equitable attention to artworks and that this attitude requires a theory of aesthetic perception—phenomenological realism.However,the complexity of the aesthetic experience presents Geiger with several challenges,not least of which is the realisation of an attitude that bridges emotion and value in aesthetic experience.This paper will attempt to defend and develop the legitimacy of Geiger's position.First,I will clarify Geiger's critique of dilettantism and suggest how this critique distinguishes him from other aesthetic claims;second,I argue that Geiger argues for an aesthetic attitude that distinguishes everyday emotions and thus ensures the value of the work of art as its own;finally,I will complete Geiger's position by drawing on later phenomenology that answers the question of how we realise the perception of artworks.展开更多
Neuromodulation techniques effectively intervene in cognitive function,holding considerable scientific and practical value in fields such as aerospace,medicine,life sciences,and brain research.These techniques utilize...Neuromodulation techniques effectively intervene in cognitive function,holding considerable scientific and practical value in fields such as aerospace,medicine,life sciences,and brain research.These techniques utilize electrical stimulation to directly or indirectly target specific brain regions,modulating neural activity and influencing broader brain networks,thereby regulating cognitive function.Regulating cognitive function involves an understanding of aspects such as perception,learning and memory,attention,spatial cognition,and physical function.To enhance the application of cognitive regulation in the general population,this paper reviews recent publications from the Web of Science to assess the advancements and challenges of invasive and non-invasive stimulation methods in modulating cognitive functions.This review covers various neuromodulation techniques for cognitive intervention,including deep brain stimulation,vagus nerve stimulation,and invasive methods using microelectrode arrays.The non-invasive techniques discussed include transcranial magnetic stimulation,transcranial direct current stimulation,transcranial alternating current stimulation,transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation,and time interference stimulation for activating deep targets.Invasive stimulation methods,which are ideal for studying the pathogenesis of neurological diseases,tend to cause greater trauma and have been less researched in the context of cognitive function regulation.Non-invasive methods,particularly newer transcranial stimulation techniques,are gentler and more appropriate for regulating cognitive functions in the general population.These include transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation using acupoints and time interference methods for activating deep targets.This paper also discusses current technical challenges and potential future breakthroughs in neuromodulation technology.It is recommended that neuromodulation techniques be combined with neural detection methods to better assess their effects and improve the accuracy of non-invasive neuromodulation.Additionally,researching closed-loop feedback neuromodulation methods is identified as a promising direction for future development.展开更多
Visual quality is a significant issue in today’s modern world which needs to be evaluated. This assessment is based on the observer’s perception and sight of space and attempts to introduce the criteria of spatial d...Visual quality is a significant issue in today’s modern world which needs to be evaluated. This assessment is based on the observer’s perception and sight of space and attempts to introduce the criteria of spatial desirability in the landscape. Analysis of the relationships between visual quality and structural features of the landscape is an effective way of conducting cognitive research. For this purpose, the analysis of visual quality was considered by compiling measurement and evaluation criteria, based on the concept of user preferences, in the part of Tehran-Qom Freeway, near the northeastern side of Imam Khomeini International Airport (Iran). The main objective of this research is to present a strategic plan for preserving and restoring the ecological landscape, creating a sense of place in the region, emphasizing gradual changes in the landscape during the movement and considering its relation to landscape aesthetics. For this purpose, after the questionnaire was prepared, the classifying visual quality method (Q-Sort) was used. Finally, using the results obtained from landscape analysis, identifying the components which led to the lack of visibility of individuals, and by using the geographic information systems (GIS), the strategic design of the area was designed.展开更多
Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate personal satisfaction of adult dental patients about their smiles aesthetics in comparison to dental professionals view. Method: One hundred twenty adult patient...Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate personal satisfaction of adult dental patients about their smiles aesthetics in comparison to dental professionals view. Method: One hundred twenty adult patients (76 male and 44 female) visiting the screening clinics of Riyadh colleges of dentistry and Pharmacy were asked to evaluate their smiles by completing a questionnaire containing five questions concerning five aesthetic elements which are: Overall smile;color;shape;alignment of their teeth;and appearance of their gum during smiling. They were asked to rate each of the five categories in Visual Analog Scale (VAS) graded from 0 to 10. A smiling photograph was taken for each patient to be evaluated by two restorative specialists using the same scale. Patients and dental professional mean evaluation scores were statistically analyzed for any significant differences. Result: The average age of the patients was 39.1 years. The mean patients’ satisfaction with their own smiles was [6.47] on the VAS which was statistically higher than the average of dentists’ evaluation scores [4.95] (p Conclusion: Patients’ satisfaction about their dental aesthetics was statistically higher than the dental professional assessments. Dental professionals appear to be more critical in their evaluation of patients smile aesthetics. Age showed no significant relation with the level of satisfaction while gender and reason of dental visit showed a significant relation with patients smile satisfaction.展开更多
The problem of information dissemination is researched for vehicular ad-hoc networks （VANET） in this paper, and a contention-based effficient-information perception algorithm （CEiPA） is proposed. The idea of CEiPA...The problem of information dissemination is researched for vehicular ad-hoc networks （VANET） in this paper, and a contention-based effficient-information perception algorithm （CEiPA） is proposed. The idea of CEiPA is that beacons are delivered over VANET with limited lifetime and efficient information. CEiPA consists of two phases. The first one is initialization phase, during which the count timers Tcyce and Tlocal are set to start beacon delivery while Tcycle is also used to monitor and restart beaconing. The second one is beacon delivery phase. An elaborate distance function is employed to set contention delay for beacons of each vehicle. In this way beacons will be sent in order, which decreases the collision of beacons. Simulation results show that CEiPA enables each beacon to carry more efficient information and spread them over more vehicles with lower network overhead than the periodic beacon scheme. CEiPA is also flexible and scalable because the efficient information threshold it employs is a balance among the freshness of information, network overhead and perception area of a vehicle.展开更多
The visual and aesthetic aspects of any object are defined by its color, texture, line, and form as well as compositional reference elements such as scale and spatial location in the three-dimensional context. Differe...The visual and aesthetic aspects of any object are defined by its color, texture, line, and form as well as compositional reference elements such as scale and spatial location in the three-dimensional context. Different methodologies have been developed to conduct visual assessments, based on analyses of the physical, aesthetic, and psychological attributes of the landscape. In this study, relationships between tourism buildings and the environment were analyzed across the perceived landscape and main shopping streets in terms of their color, texture, line and form, scale, and spatial location. Photographic-based questionnaires were administered in Kemer （near Antalya, Turkey） and Knokke （near Brugge, Belgium）. In each location, 30 photographs taken of the coast and principal shopping streets were shown to 100 respondents of different ages, educational backgrounds, and nationalities. Two questions were then asked regarding the visual relationships in the photographs. Six questions regarding socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents were also asked. In both locations, the respondents preferred natural landscapes with few structures, and tourist resorts characterized by small, low-rise, and traditional buildings. The results of this study may provide suggestions for building and landscape architects about how to successfully integrate tourism buildings into the landscape展开更多
文摘Crime cases from snatch thefts to murders, are becoming increasingly common in Malaysia according to the database of the Royal Malaysian Police （RMP）, the current overall Crime Index in Malaysia was 147,062 for 2013 compared with 65,237 in 1977. The database also revealed that the number of property crimes reported in this country has always exceeded the number of violent crimes. Although in 2013, crimes related to property are higher （117,687） than violent crime （29,375）, the gradual increase in the latter does worry Malaysians. Likewise, Malaysian Government had implemented a ＂safe community＂ concept, inspired by the Malaysian Crime Prevention Foundation （MCPF）, a non-government organization, as they were concerned that the threat of violent crime and non-violent crime would eventually reduce the quality of life for many individuals. The concept is very important to the public as it is perceived as improved safety for the public with less crime. This study analyzes the public safety through their perceptions on the effectiveness of the policeman and suggesting few prevention actions against crime. The data were collected using a self-administered survey questionnaire. Specifically, this study focuses on the more developed states in this country. From the cross tabulation analysis, the majority of respondents agreed that the police are effective in controlling crime. Approximately, 72.1% of respondents felt that the police are efficient in controlling crime.
文摘Architects treat building frontages with careful attention to aesthetic detail.The ability of a building’s frontage to draw attention is directly proportional to its aesthetic perception resulting from the composition of its constituent physical features.While deciding on the building’s aesthetics is the architect’s prerogative,a question arises as to on what basis can an architect compare various conceptual designs and decide on the best option,considering the building users’“likeability”factor.Aesthetic perception ratings and rankings from 206 regular shoppers were elicited.Further,52 architects were asked to evaluate the aesthetics of these ranked shopping buildings.Combining Architects’Gestalt indices with Birkhoff’s aesthetic measures as well as ranking weightages given by the public,a frontage aesthetic perception index of likeability—FAPIL,is proposed as an indexical aid for design decision making by architects.The findings were elicited by giving due consideration to building users’as well as architect’s judgement so that they can be embodied into the design under conceptualization.Given site and cost constraints faced by the architect,the architect needs to ensure that the aesthetic features contributing to visual order be at least 2.3 times those that contribute to visual complexity for positive aesthetic perception of a shopping building.
基金Jiangsu Provincial Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program Project"Design and Development of Assessment Tools for Junior High School Students'Musical Aesthetic Perception Literacy"(KYCX24_3383)。
文摘Against the background of the Chinese government's advocacy for deepening the reform of aesthetic education evaluation,this study focuses on musical aesthetic perception ability.It aims to enrich aesthetic education evaluation tools applicable to Chinese students and promote the diversification of evaluation methods.First,the study sorts out relevant definitions of aesthetic perception and existing assessment tools.Then,based on the perspective of cognitive neuroaesthetics,it constructs the dimensions of junior high school students'musical aesthetic perception ability,and accordingly develops the Scale for Assessing Junior High School Students'Musical Aesthetic Perception Ability.Through Exploratory Factor Analysis(EFA)and Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA),the scale shows good reliability and validity(23 items,Cronbach's=0.916,RMSEA=0.064),verifying the six-dimensional theoretical hypothesis of musical aesthetic perception ability.At the application level,a survey conducted on junior high school students in Suzhou reveals significant differences in musical aesthetic perception ability among groups with different genders,grades,and musical learning experiences.This provides a reference basis for the assessment and cultivation of musical aesthetic perception ability.
基金National Key Technology R&D Program (No. 2008BAH31B01)Key Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZZD-EW-06)Key Project of the National Natural Sciences Foundation (No.40830741)
文摘The aesthetic perceptions of local residents towards residential landscapes are significant to the protection and sustainable development of regional landscapes, especially in underdeveloped areas with landscape resources of higher aesthetic value. Using Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province as a case study, we conducted questionnaires with 620 local residents and a logistic regression model to determine aesthetic perceptions and factors affecting these perceptions. We found that local residents in Nujiang hold a relatively high perception of their residential landscapes. A majority of respondents, 75.81%, believe their residential landscapes are beautiful. Eight factors were found to influence the aesthetic perception. In direct influential factors, administrative village located in the protected areas and the standard deviation of the elevation around the administrative village have positive influence; distance from administrative village to county town, the ecological environment has changed in recent years, whether tourism development has a negative impact and wish to live in the city have negative influence. In indirect influential factors, both residential house type and have a television at home have positive influence. Based on these results, we discussed relevant policy suggestions to maintain the aesthetic perceptions held by local residents of their residential landscapes and promote the protection and sustainable development of this valuable landscape in Nujiang.
基金Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Researchers,No.PNURSP2024R115.
文摘BACKGROUND Current concepts of beauty are increasingly subjective,influenced by the viewpoints of others.The aim of the study was to evaluate divergences in the perception of dental appearance and smile esthetics among patients,laypersons and dental practitioners.The study goals were to evaluate the influence of age,sex,education and dental specialty on the participants’judgment and to identify the values of different esthetic criteria.Patients sample included 50 patients who responded to a dental appearance questionnaire(DAQ).Two frontal photographs were taken,one during a smile and one with retracted lips.Laypersons and dentists were asked to evaluate both photographs using a Linear Scale from(0-10),where 0 represent(absolutely unaesthetic)and 10 represent(absolutely aesthetic).One-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)and t-test analysis were measured for each group.Most patients in the sample expressed satisfaction with most aspects of their smiles and dental appearance.Among laypersons(including 488 participants),47 pictures“with lips”out of 50 had higher mean aesthetic scores compared to pictures“without lips”.Among the dentist sample,90 dentists’perception towards the esthetic smile and dental appearance for photos“with lips”and“without lips”were the same for 23 out of 50 patients.Perception of smile aesthetics differed between patients,laypersons and dentists.Several factors can contribute to shape the perception of smile aesthetic.AIM To compare the perception of dental aesthetic among patients,laypersons,and professional dentists,to evaluate the impact of age,sex,educational background,and income on the judgments made by laypersons,to assess the variations in experience,specialty,age,and sex on professional dentists’judgment,and to evaluate the role of lips,skin shade and tooth shade in different participants’judgments.METHODS Patients sample included 50 patients who responded to DAQ.Two frontal photographs were taken:one during a smile and one with retracted lips.Laypersons and dentists were asked to evaluate both photographs using a Linear Scale from(0-10),where 0 represent(absolutely unaesthetic)and 10 represent(absolutely aesthetic).One-way ANOVA and t-test analysis were measured for each group.RESULTS Most patients in the sample expressed satisfaction with most aspects of their smiles and dental appearance.Among laypersons(including 488 participants),47 pictures“with lips”out of 50 had higher mean aesthetic scores compared to pictures“without lips”.Whereas among the dentist sample,90 dentists’perception towards the esthetic smile and dental appearance for photos“with lips”and“without lips”were the same for 23 out of 50 patients.Perception of smile aesthetics differed between patients,laypersons and dentists.CONCLUSION Several factors can contribute to shape the perception of smile aesthetic.
文摘Geiger considers dilettantism as an aesthetic attitude(inner concentration)that undermines the subject's ability to truly perceive the essential value of the artwork and thus calls for outer concentration to actualize the justice of the work itself.Geiger's position suggests that we must pay equitable attention to artworks and that this attitude requires a theory of aesthetic perception—phenomenological realism.However,the complexity of the aesthetic experience presents Geiger with several challenges,not least of which is the realisation of an attitude that bridges emotion and value in aesthetic experience.This paper will attempt to defend and develop the legitimacy of Geiger's position.First,I will clarify Geiger's critique of dilettantism and suggest how this critique distinguishes him from other aesthetic claims;second,I argue that Geiger argues for an aesthetic attitude that distinguishes everyday emotions and thus ensures the value of the work of art as its own;finally,I will complete Geiger's position by drawing on later phenomenology that answers the question of how we realise the perception of artworks.
基金supported by STI 2030-Major Projects,No.2021ZD0201603(to JL)the Joint Foundation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.8091A170201(to JL)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.T2293730(to XC),T2293731(to XC),T2293734(to XC),62471291(to YW),62121003(to XC),61960206012(to XC),62333020(to XC),and 62171434(to XC)the National Key Research and Development Program of China,Nos.2022YFC2402501(to XC),2022YFB3205602(to XC).
文摘Neuromodulation techniques effectively intervene in cognitive function,holding considerable scientific and practical value in fields such as aerospace,medicine,life sciences,and brain research.These techniques utilize electrical stimulation to directly or indirectly target specific brain regions,modulating neural activity and influencing broader brain networks,thereby regulating cognitive function.Regulating cognitive function involves an understanding of aspects such as perception,learning and memory,attention,spatial cognition,and physical function.To enhance the application of cognitive regulation in the general population,this paper reviews recent publications from the Web of Science to assess the advancements and challenges of invasive and non-invasive stimulation methods in modulating cognitive functions.This review covers various neuromodulation techniques for cognitive intervention,including deep brain stimulation,vagus nerve stimulation,and invasive methods using microelectrode arrays.The non-invasive techniques discussed include transcranial magnetic stimulation,transcranial direct current stimulation,transcranial alternating current stimulation,transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation,and time interference stimulation for activating deep targets.Invasive stimulation methods,which are ideal for studying the pathogenesis of neurological diseases,tend to cause greater trauma and have been less researched in the context of cognitive function regulation.Non-invasive methods,particularly newer transcranial stimulation techniques,are gentler and more appropriate for regulating cognitive functions in the general population.These include transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation using acupoints and time interference methods for activating deep targets.This paper also discusses current technical challenges and potential future breakthroughs in neuromodulation technology.It is recommended that neuromodulation techniques be combined with neural detection methods to better assess their effects and improve the accuracy of non-invasive neuromodulation.Additionally,researching closed-loop feedback neuromodulation methods is identified as a promising direction for future development.
文摘Visual quality is a significant issue in today’s modern world which needs to be evaluated. This assessment is based on the observer’s perception and sight of space and attempts to introduce the criteria of spatial desirability in the landscape. Analysis of the relationships between visual quality and structural features of the landscape is an effective way of conducting cognitive research. For this purpose, the analysis of visual quality was considered by compiling measurement and evaluation criteria, based on the concept of user preferences, in the part of Tehran-Qom Freeway, near the northeastern side of Imam Khomeini International Airport (Iran). The main objective of this research is to present a strategic plan for preserving and restoring the ecological landscape, creating a sense of place in the region, emphasizing gradual changes in the landscape during the movement and considering its relation to landscape aesthetics. For this purpose, after the questionnaire was prepared, the classifying visual quality method (Q-Sort) was used. Finally, using the results obtained from landscape analysis, identifying the components which led to the lack of visibility of individuals, and by using the geographic information systems (GIS), the strategic design of the area was designed.
文摘Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate personal satisfaction of adult dental patients about their smiles aesthetics in comparison to dental professionals view. Method: One hundred twenty adult patients (76 male and 44 female) visiting the screening clinics of Riyadh colleges of dentistry and Pharmacy were asked to evaluate their smiles by completing a questionnaire containing five questions concerning five aesthetic elements which are: Overall smile;color;shape;alignment of their teeth;and appearance of their gum during smiling. They were asked to rate each of the five categories in Visual Analog Scale (VAS) graded from 0 to 10. A smiling photograph was taken for each patient to be evaluated by two restorative specialists using the same scale. Patients and dental professional mean evaluation scores were statistically analyzed for any significant differences. Result: The average age of the patients was 39.1 years. The mean patients’ satisfaction with their own smiles was [6.47] on the VAS which was statistically higher than the average of dentists’ evaluation scores [4.95] (p Conclusion: Patients’ satisfaction about their dental aesthetics was statistically higher than the dental professional assessments. Dental professionals appear to be more critical in their evaluation of patients smile aesthetics. Age showed no significant relation with the level of satisfaction while gender and reason of dental visit showed a significant relation with patients smile satisfaction.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60502028)the Youth Chenguang Project of Science and Technology of Wuhan City of China (No. 200750731252)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China (No. 2007ABA324)
文摘The problem of information dissemination is researched for vehicular ad-hoc networks （VANET） in this paper, and a contention-based effficient-information perception algorithm （CEiPA） is proposed. The idea of CEiPA is that beacons are delivered over VANET with limited lifetime and efficient information. CEiPA consists of two phases. The first one is initialization phase, during which the count timers Tcyce and Tlocal are set to start beacon delivery while Tcycle is also used to monitor and restart beaconing. The second one is beacon delivery phase. An elaborate distance function is employed to set contention delay for beacons of each vehicle. In this way beacons will be sent in order, which decreases the collision of beacons. Simulation results show that CEiPA enables each beacon to carry more efficient information and spread them over more vehicles with lower network overhead than the periodic beacon scheme. CEiPA is also flexible and scalable because the efficient information threshold it employs is a balance among the freshness of information, network overhead and perception area of a vehicle.
文摘The visual and aesthetic aspects of any object are defined by its color, texture, line, and form as well as compositional reference elements such as scale and spatial location in the three-dimensional context. Different methodologies have been developed to conduct visual assessments, based on analyses of the physical, aesthetic, and psychological attributes of the landscape. In this study, relationships between tourism buildings and the environment were analyzed across the perceived landscape and main shopping streets in terms of their color, texture, line and form, scale, and spatial location. Photographic-based questionnaires were administered in Kemer （near Antalya, Turkey） and Knokke （near Brugge, Belgium）. In each location, 30 photographs taken of the coast and principal shopping streets were shown to 100 respondents of different ages, educational backgrounds, and nationalities. Two questions were then asked regarding the visual relationships in the photographs. Six questions regarding socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents were also asked. In both locations, the respondents preferred natural landscapes with few structures, and tourist resorts characterized by small, low-rise, and traditional buildings. The results of this study may provide suggestions for building and landscape architects about how to successfully integrate tourism buildings into the landscape
