1.Introduction The field of exercise science is experiencing a renaissance,with recent research illuminating the molecular,cellular,and systemic effects of physical activity.This is largely due to the now unequivocal ...1.Introduction The field of exercise science is experiencing a renaissance,with recent research illuminating the molecular,cellular,and systemic effects of physical activity.This is largely due to the now unequivocal evidence that a lack of physical activity,not only has direct effects on the prevalence of non-contagious diseases(NCDs)but has profound additive effects of other risk factors for NCD such as obesity and hypertension.1 The articles in this special topic of Journal of Sport and Health Science(JSHS)are dedicated to research on Exercise biochemistry&metabolism.展开更多
Climate change poses a profound threat to mountain agro-ecosystems,particularly in the Himalayan region of West Bengal,India,by disrupting precipitation patterns,increasing temperature variability,and intensifying ext...Climate change poses a profound threat to mountain agro-ecosystems,particularly in the Himalayan region of West Bengal,India,by disrupting precipitation patterns,increasing temperature variability,and intensifying extreme weather events.Despite growing evidence of climate change impacts,there remains a critical research gap in understanding how socioeconomic factors drive farmers' adaptation strategies to climate change in this vulnerable region.This study examines how farmers in the Himalayan region of West Bengal,India,perceived and responded to the growing impacts of climate change on mountain agro-ecosystems.Drawing on cross-sectional data from 370 farm households selected through multistage sampling,the research employs a combination of analytical tools,including the severity index(SI) to assess farmers' perceptions to climate change,the adaptation index(AI) to evaluate adaptive responses,the Garrett's ranking technique to prioritize constraints,and the ordered logistic regression to identify key socioeconomic drivers of adaptation.Findings reveal a high level of climate awareness among farmers,particularly regarding the increase in weather extremes(SI=74.87%),increase in temperature(SI=72.31%),and irregular rainfall patterns and highly erratic rainfall(SI=62.52%).The most commonly adopted strategies include adopting intercropping and mixed cropping systems(AI=0.613),adoption of the integrated farming system model(AI=0.600),and shift towards non-farm employment(AI=0.608),while the adoption of climate-resilient crop varieties and improved irrigation remains limited.Regression analysis highlights that education(regression coefficient=0.38),average landholding size(regression coefficient=1.21),and access to daily weather forecast information(regression coefficient=1.92) significantly promote adaptive behaviour,whereas age(regression coefficient= –0.09) and gender(regression coefficient= –0.76) are negatively associated.Institutional constraints,particularly unavailability of institutional credit,emerge as primary barriers.The study underscores the urgent need for region-specific,inclusive policy frameworks that enhance climate advisory services,support technology dissemination,and empower marginalized groups in the Himalayan region of West Bengal.By fostering informed,equitable,and resilient agricultural systems,these strategies can significantly strengthen the adaptive capacity of mountain farming communities and contribute to sustainable development under a changing climate.展开更多
It is essential to understand how adaptation needs and options differ among stakeholders in protected areas(PAs)to effectively implement climate change(CC)adaptation strategies.Using the Qiangtang PA in Xizang as a ca...It is essential to understand how adaptation needs and options differ among stakeholders in protected areas(PAs)to effectively implement climate change(CC)adaptation strategies.Using the Qiangtang PA in Xizang as a case study,this research examines CC adaptation needs and options from the perspectives of stakeholders across multiple administrative levels,including provincial,prefectural,county authorities,73 protection stations,and 13364 pastoralists residing within the PA.The findings show that stakeholders at the provincial level,as well as those from the Ali and Naqu prefectures and six counties,place greater emphasis on institutional and resource-related needs than on other categories(attention score:7.0-9.3 vs.5.0-7.0).In contrast,stakeholders from the 73 protection stations prioritize technological and capacity-building needs more strongly than other types(attention score:8.0-9.0 vs.4.0-8.0).The 13364 pastoralists assign the highest importance to social needs relative to other categories(attention score:9.0-9.5 vs.3.0-8.0).Most of the eight existing protection measures were found to indirectly support broader climate adaptation efforts.In particular,protective actions addressing fire,pests,and weather-related disasters can be classified as autonomous adaptation,while other measures generate outcomes that enhance adaptation capacity under specific conditions.Adaptation options,grouped into three main types and 13 subcategories,differ across stakeholder groups,although substantial overlap exists between these options and current protective actions,including ecosystem based adaptation strategies,adaptation-related practices,autonomous adaptation measures,and emergency interventions.Overall,these findings highlight the critical role of all stakeholders-especially staff from the 73 protection stations and the 13364 pastoralists-in the effective implementation of adaptation actions within the PA.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter deals with the autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV)three dimensional(3D)trajectory tracking control chronically suffering from poor accuracy and efficiency in complex hydrodynamics.A state-of-the...Dear Editor,This letter deals with the autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV)three dimensional(3D)trajectory tracking control chronically suffering from poor accuracy and efficiency in complex hydrodynamics.A state-of-the-art predictive adaptive controller(PAC)is proposed with a distinct dual closed-loop structure.展开更多
针对核反应堆多物理场耦合模拟中传统程序效率低、精度不足的问题,研究基于开源耦合库preCICE及其适配器OpenFOAM-adapter,构建通用三维核热耦合程序。中子物理模块采用课题组研发的有限体积法中子输运程序,热工水力模块集成三维固体导...针对核反应堆多物理场耦合模拟中传统程序效率低、精度不足的问题,研究基于开源耦合库preCICE及其适配器OpenFOAM-adapter,构建通用三维核热耦合程序。中子物理模块采用课题组研发的有限体积法中子输运程序,热工水力模块集成三维固体导热(laplacianFoam)与流体对流换热模型(buoyantPimpleFoam),通过对preCICE官方OpenFOAM-adapter进行功能拓展,引入OpenFOAM的单元集合(cellSet)机制及其区域管理工具topoSet以界定耦合域;并在配置文件preciceDict中配置volumeCenters字段激活体积耦合模式,实现了中子学与热工水力学求解器间基于非匹配网格的数据映射。选取压水堆(Pressurized Water Reactor,PWR)单棒基准题开展网格无关性分析,对比最近邻映射、最近投影映射、径向基函数映射等数据传递方法。结果表明:程序可精确输出三维功率分布、中子通量密度场及速度场,冷却剂出口平均温度相对误差小于0.1%,包壳最高温度相对误差0.14%,计算结果与文献计算值符合较好。该程序突破传统定制化开发模式,支持异构网格差异化配置与大规模并行计算,可为反应堆安全分析、优化设计等提供参考工具。展开更多
Qingke,a staple crop grown on the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau,has evolved a metabolomic profile providing both environmental stress resilience and human nutrition.We review the hypothesis that the metabolites that c...Qingke,a staple crop grown on the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau,has evolved a metabolomic profile providing both environmental stress resilience and human nutrition.We review the hypothesis that the metabolites that confer cold and UV resistance on the crop also facilitate human adaptation to high-altitude stresses.Specifically,β-glucans regulate blood glucose primarily via short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)produced through gut microbiota fermentation,which directly mediate glucose homeostasis.Phenolamides accumulate via the phenylpropanoid pathway,with chalcone isomerase(CHI)serving as a key enzyme in flavonoid biosynthesis and enhancing UV-B resistance.Under low temperatures,β-glucans improve frost tolerance by modulating osmotic balance and inhibiting ice-nucleating proteins,while lipids maintain membrane fluidity to sustain cellular function during cold stress.Importantly,we explore the hypothesis that these same metabolites,upon consumption,may facilitate human adaptation to high-altitude stresses.This hypothesis is supported by preliminary epidemiological associations between Qingke consumption and favorable health outcomes in high-altitude populations,as well as established bioactivities of the implicated metabolites in vitro and in animal models.However,direct causal evidence in humans and a comprehensive understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms remain key knowledge gaps that warrant future investigation.Qingke as a unique resource at the interface of agricultural resilience and human nutrition.Understanding its metabolic blueprint will inform the development of functional foods and climate-resilient crops.展开更多
In this paper,an adaptive cubic regularisation algorithm based on affine scaling methods(ARCBASM)is proposed for solving nonlinear equality constrained programming with nonnegative constraints on variables.From the op...In this paper,an adaptive cubic regularisation algorithm based on affine scaling methods(ARCBASM)is proposed for solving nonlinear equality constrained programming with nonnegative constraints on variables.From the optimality conditions of the problem,we introduce appropriate affine matrix and construct an affine scaling ARC subproblem with linearized constraints.Composite step methods and reduced Hessian methods are applied to tackle the linearized constraints.As a result,a standard unconstrained ARC subproblem is deduced and its solution can supply sufficient decrease.The fraction to the boundary rule maintains the strict feasibility(for nonnegative constraints on variables)of every iteration point.Reflection techniques are employed to prevent the iterations from approaching zero too early.Under mild assumptions,global convergence of the algorithm is analysed.Preliminary numerical results are reported.展开更多
Nitric oxide(NO)is a key vasodilator that regulates vascular pressure and blood flow.Tibetans have developed a"blunted"mechanism for regulating NO levels at high altitude,with GTP cyclohydrolase 1(GCH1)ident...Nitric oxide(NO)is a key vasodilator that regulates vascular pressure and blood flow.Tibetans have developed a"blunted"mechanism for regulating NO levels at high altitude,with GTP cyclohydrolase 1(GCH1)identified as a key candidate gene.Here,we present comprehensive genetic and functional analyses of GCH1,which exhibits strong Darwinian positive selection in Tibetans.We show that Tibetan-enriched GCH1 variants down-regulate its expression in the blood of Tibetans.Based on this observation,we generate the heterozygous Gch1 knockout(Gch1^(+/-))mouse model to simulate its downregulation in Tibetans.We find that under prolonged hypoxia,the Gch1^(+/-)mice have relatively higher blood NO and blood oxygen saturation levels compared with the wild-type(WT)controls,providing better oxygen supplies to the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems.Markedly,hypoxia-induced cardiac hypertrophy and pulmonary remodeling are significantly attenuated in the Gch1^(^(+/-))mice compared with the WT controls,likely due to the adaptive changes in molecular regulations related to metabolism,inflammation,circadian rhythm,extracellular matrix,and oxidative stress.This study sheds light on the role of GCH1 in regulating blood NO,contributing to the physiological adaptation of the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems in Tibetans at high altitude.展开更多
Gibbons are small,arboreal apes that play a critical role in tropical biodiversity and ecosystem ecology.However,nearly all species of gibbons are threatened by habitat loss,illegal trade,hunting,and other human activ...Gibbons are small,arboreal apes that play a critical role in tropical biodiversity and ecosystem ecology.However,nearly all species of gibbons are threatened by habitat loss,illegal trade,hunting,and other human activities.Long-term poor understanding of their genetics and evolution undermines effective conservation efforts.In this study,we analyse comparative population genomic data of four Nomascus species.Our results reveal strong genetic differentiation and gene flow among Nomascus species.Additionally,we identify genomic features that are potentially related to natural selection linked to vocalization,fructose metabolism,motor balance,and body size,consistent with the unique phenotype and adaptability of gibbons.Inbreeding,coupled with population declines due to climate change and historical human activities,leads to reduced genetic diversity and the accumulation of deleterious variations that likely affect cardiovascular disease and the reproductive potential of gibbons and further reduce their fitness,highlighting the urgent need for effective conservation strategies.展开更多
Objective:International students frequently face psychological adaptation difficulties while studying and living abroad.As an effective psychological resource,positive solitude has been identified as a potential facto...Objective:International students frequently face psychological adaptation difficulties while studying and living abroad.As an effective psychological resource,positive solitude has been identified as a potential factor for improving psychological well-being,but the underlying mechanism linking the two has not been fully explored.The current study aims to explore the relationship between positive solitude and psychological adaptation of international students,with particular emphasis on the intermediary roles of authenticity and loneliness.Methods:A total of 529 international tertiary students(Mage=23.76,SD=5.08;60.68%male)were surveyed using the Positive Solitude Scale(PSS),Authenticity Scale(AS),6-item UCLA Loneliness Scale(ULS-6),and Brief Psychological Adaptation Scale(BPAS).SPSS27.0 was used for descriptive statistical analysis and Pearson correlation analysis.PROCESS macro(Model 6)was employed to test a serial mediation model,in which authenticity and loneliness function as intermediary variables between positive solitude and psychological adaptation.Results:The correlation analysis indicated significant associations among positive solitude,authenticity,loneliness,and psychological adaptation(r=−0.544~0.511).Positive solitude was directly and positively related to psychological adaptation(β=0.132,t=3.609,p<0.001)and indirectly related to psychological adaptation through two pathways:a single mediation via authenticity(indirect effect=0.089)and a serial mediation through authenticity and loneliness(indirect effect=0.062).Loneliness did not serve as a significant mediator(indirect effect=–0.015,95%CI[–0.049,0.019]).The total indirect effect was 0.136.Conclusions:Interventions targeting international students’capacity for experiencing positive solitude and authenticity can help to reduce loneliness and increase psychological adaptation.The findings derived from this study are conducive to understanding the relationship between positive solitude and psychological adaptation,as well as its underlying mechanisms.In addition,the study offers a new perspective for educational management and psychological counseling services for international students.展开更多
Conventionally,foundations have been classified as shallow or deep in routine civil engineering practice.However,due to recent developments,two other approaches,semi-deep and ground modification foundations,are now av...Conventionally,foundations have been classified as shallow or deep in routine civil engineering practice.However,due to recent developments,two other approaches,semi-deep and ground modification foundations,are now available,complicating foundation categorization.Accordingly,a new concept for foundation categorization is introduced in this paper based on insights into the theory of structure analysis.Based on the form aspect,foundation systems can be categorized as one-dimensional(linear),two-dimensional(planar),and threedimensional(volumetric).Based on the load transfer aspect,foundations can also be categorized as vector-acting(piles),section or surface-acting(rafts and shells),and block-acting(piled rafts).As a step toward implementing this new categorization scheme,a database of 22 cases has been compiled,symbolizing novel introduced foundation systems.This compilation involves structures such as offshore jackets,high-rise buildings,towers and storages,and diverse geomaterials.Among them,a few have been selected for detailed evaluation,emphasizing influential factors in foundation selection,comprising superstructure,subsoil condition,foundation system,circumferential conditions,and supplementary considerations,that is,constructional and sustainability-based issues.Lessons learned from experience and these knowledge-based cases have described for foundation selection and implementation.Geotechnical and practical aspects with critical components have been realized as major performance assessment and comparison factors.Foundation systems have been compared and ranked using the improved analytic hierarchy process approach.Finally,four categories of buildings,from low-rise to towers and four prevailing levels of soil strength,from soft to very hard,have been considered to propose a perspective for building substructure implementation,adapted via relevant cases.Overall,the introduced categorization is recognized as an efficient algorithm for the experimentation of appropriate foundations for specific structures and subsoil conditions.展开更多
In federated learning,backdoor attacks have become an important research topic with their wide application in processing sensitive datasets.Since federated learning detects or modifies local models through defense mec...In federated learning,backdoor attacks have become an important research topic with their wide application in processing sensitive datasets.Since federated learning detects or modifies local models through defense mechanisms during aggregation,it is difficult to conduct effective backdoor attacks.In addition,existing backdoor attack methods are faced with challenges,such as low backdoor accuracy,poor ability to evade anomaly detection,and unstable model training.To address these challenges,a method called adaptive simulation backdoor attack(ASBA)is proposed.Specifically,ASBA improves the stability of model training by manipulating the local training process and using an adaptive mechanism,the ability of the malicious model to evade anomaly detection by combing large simulation training and clipping,and the backdoor accuracy by introducing a stimulus model to amplify the impact of the backdoor in the global model.Extensive comparative experiments under five advanced defense scenarios show that ASBA can effectively evade anomaly detection and achieve high backdoor accuracy in the global model.Furthermore,it exhibits excellent stability and effectiveness after multiple rounds of attacks,outperforming state-of-the-art backdoor attack methods.展开更多
Starting from the foundational static traits underlying the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, this research conducts a systematic examination of the phenomena and theoretical principles associated with env...Starting from the foundational static traits underlying the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, this research conducts a systematic examination of the phenomena and theoretical principles associated with environment-driven adaptive changes during its cultivation. It was found that environmental variables-including temperature, light, and moisture-elicit directional shifts in static traits ( e.g. , chemical composition, morphological architecture, and leaf tissue structure) toward enhanced environmental adaptation, characterized by graduality, juvenility, similarity, and correlativity. Upon alterations in ambient conditions, flue-cured tobacco modulates its static traits through integrated physical, chemical, and biological-genetic mechanisms, aiming to optimize resource utilization, mitigate environmental constraints, and preserve internal homeostasis alongside metabolic balance. The investigation further reveals that the adaptive scope of flue-cured tobacco to field environments is malleable and can be extended and elevated via adaptive conditioning commencing at the juvenile stage. In addition, the adaptive alignment between static traits and environmental parameters exerts a substantial impact on the plant s growth dynamics, yield performance, and quality attributes. Beyond its relevance to flue-cured tobacco, the proposed theory offers a meaningful framework for elucidating the pervasive adaptive strategies employed by plants and broader biological systems in response to environmental contingencies.展开更多
To explore the adaptive mechanisms of the partial nitritation-anammox(PNA)process under high salinity stress during kitchen wastewater treatment,focusing on their physiological and molecular responses through metageno...To explore the adaptive mechanisms of the partial nitritation-anammox(PNA)process under high salinity stress during kitchen wastewater treatment,focusing on their physiological and molecular responses through metagenomic analysis.An airlift inner-circulation partition bioreactor(AIPBR)was developed,featuring an inner cylinder and a flow guide tube to create distinct oxygen gradients,facilitating the study of microbial adaptation under varying salt conditions.The AIPBR was operated with synthetic wastewater containing ammonium concentrations of 1800±100 mg/L and salinity gradients ranging from 1 to 10 g/L,followed by a fixed salinity period at 6 g/L,with ammonium concentrations approximately 850 mg/L.High-throughput metagenomic analysis revealed shifts in functional genes and metabolic pathways in response to salinity stress.Anammox bacteria adapted by enriching genes involved in the synthesis of osmoprotective compounds and activating energy-producing pathways like the tricarboxylic acid cycle(TCA).These adaptations,along with modifications in membrane composition,were essential for sustaining system stability under elevated salinity.Under prolonged high salinity stress,anaerobic ammonium oxidizing(AnAOB)exhibited improved salt tolerance,maintaining a total nitrogen removal efficiency above 85%and stabilizing after an adaptation phase.The metagenomic data revealed a marked enrichment of genes associated with ion transport,stress response mechanisms,and DNA repair pathways.Changes in microbial community composition favored salt-tolerant species,supporting system stability.These findings highlight the applicability of the developed bioreactor for scaling up the PNA process to handle high-salinity wastewater,providing a promising avenue for sustainable nitrogen removal in challenging environments.展开更多
Designing appropriate loss functions is critical to the success of supervised learning models.However,most conventional losses are fixed and manually designed,making them suboptimal for diverse and dynamic learning sc...Designing appropriate loss functions is critical to the success of supervised learning models.However,most conventional losses are fixed and manually designed,making them suboptimal for diverse and dynamic learning scenarios.In this work,we propose an Adaptive Meta-Loss Network(Adaptive-MLN)that learns to generate taskagnostic loss functions tailored to evolving classification problems.Unlike traditional methods that rely on static objectives,Adaptive-MLN treats the loss function itself as a trainable component,parameterized by a shallow neural network.To enable flexible,gradient-free optimization,we introduce a hybrid evolutionary approach that combines GeneticAlgorithms(GA)for global exploration and Evolution Strategies(ES)for local refinement.This co-evolutionary process dynamically adjusts the loss landscape,improvingmodel generalization without relying on analytic gradients or handcrafted heuristics.Experimental evaluations on synthetic tasks and the CIFAR-10 andMNIST datasets demonstrate that our approach consistently outperforms standard losses such as Cross-Entropy and Mean Squared Error in terms of accuracy,convergence,and adaptability.展开更多
The rapidly evolving cybersecurity threat landscape exposes a critical flaw in traditional educational programs where static curricula cannot adapt swiftly to novel attack vectors.This creates a significant gap betwee...The rapidly evolving cybersecurity threat landscape exposes a critical flaw in traditional educational programs where static curricula cannot adapt swiftly to novel attack vectors.This creates a significant gap between theoretical knowledge and the practical defensive capabilities needed in the field.To address this,we propose TeachSecure-CTI,a novel framework for adaptive cybersecurity curriculumgeneration that integrates real-time Cyber Threat Intelligence(CTI)with AI-driven personalization.Our framework employs a layered architecture featuring a CTI ingestion and clusteringmodule,natural language processing for semantic concept extraction,and a reinforcement learning agent for adaptive content sequencing.Bydynamically aligning learningmaterialswithboththe evolving threat environment and individual learner profiles,TeachSecure-CTI ensures content remains current,relevant,and tailored.A 12-week study with 150 students across three institutions demonstrated that the framework improves learning gains by 34%,significantly exceeding the 12%–21%reported in recent literature.The system achieved 84.8%personalization accuracy,85.9%recognition accuracy for MITRE ATT&CK tactics,and a 31%faster competency development rate compared to static curricula.These findings have implications beyond academia,extending to workforce development,cyber range training,and certification programs.By bridging the gap between dynamic threats and static educational materials,TeachSecure-CTI offers an empirically validated,scalable solution for cultivating cybersecurity professionals capable of responding to modern threats.展开更多
Community-pioneered Nature-based Solutions(NbS)have become the main strategies in climate adaptation,although the evidence of their effectiveness and the governing conditions is still fragmented across hazards,ecosyst...Community-pioneered Nature-based Solutions(NbS)have become the main strategies in climate adaptation,although the evidence of their effectiveness and the governing conditions is still fragmented across hazards,ecosystems,and disciplines.The current review is a synthesis of the worldwide empirical research based on the concept of community-led NbS,meaning those interventions where communities have significant decision-making power and responsibility concerning the design,stewardship,sharing of benefits,and learning.On a taxonomy that differentiates between proximal ecosystem functionality and hazard modulation and distal human vulnerability reduction,and procedural,distributional,and recognition justice,we systematize the evidence-based findings according to hazardecosystem-intervention type(coastal storms and sea-level rise,flooding,drought and water insecurity,urban heat,and emerging compound risks)and we compare the outcomes.The results are reported to have the co-benefits of biodiversity gain,livelihood diversification,and better well-being,though they can be neutralized by elite capture,exclusion,tenure insecurity,as well as,in cities,green gentrification and displacement.The analysis of governance indicates repeating bundles related to longer-lasting and fairer results:hedge rights and tenure,community-enforceable and legitimizing representation institutions,financing institutions with longer horizons of maintenance and active adaptation,protection,and grievance,ethical supervision,and data governance.Our findings conclude that to scale community-led NbS,we need to switch the targets of areas to the target of governance quality and design of evaluation that would connect a change in the ecosystem to lived risk reduction and distributional change.展开更多
In this paper,we propose a fuzzy logic-based coded event-triggered control with self-adjustable prescribed performance(FL-CEC-SPP)to address the trade-off between control performance and communication efficiency in re...In this paper,we propose a fuzzy logic-based coded event-triggered control with self-adjustable prescribed performance(FL-CEC-SPP)to address the trade-off between control performance and communication efficiency in resource-constrained networked control systems.The method integrates a fuzzy-coded event-triggered controller into a coded control framework to dynamically adjust the triggering threshold,thereby reducing unnecessary transmissions while maintaining system stability.A self-adjustable prescribed performance constraint is also incorporated to ensure that the tracking error remains within predefined bounds under arbitrary initial conditions.Theoretical analyses and simulation comparisons show that the method proposed in this paper maintains good tracking performance and stability while reducing the communication burden,and has wide applications in resource-constrained network control systems.展开更多
Gait recognition is a key biometric for long-distance identification,yet its performance is severely degraded by real-world challenges such as varying clothing,carrying conditions,and changing viewpoints.While combini...Gait recognition is a key biometric for long-distance identification,yet its performance is severely degraded by real-world challenges such as varying clothing,carrying conditions,and changing viewpoints.While combining silhouette and skeleton data is a promising direction,effectively fusing these heterogeneous modalities and adaptively weighting their contributions in response to diverse conditions remains a central problem.This paper introduces GaitMAFF,a novelMulti-modal Adaptive Feature Fusion Network,to address this challenge.Our approach first transforms discrete skeleton joints into a dense SkeletonMap representation to align with silhouettes,then employs an attention-based module to dynamically learn the fusion weights between the two modalities.These fused features are processed by a powerful spatio-temporal backbone withWeighted Global-Local Feature FusionModules(WFFM)to learn a discriminative representation.Extensive experiments on the challenging CCPG and Gait3D datasets show that GaitMAFF achieves state-of-the-art performance,with an average Rank-1 accuracy of 84.6%on CCPG and 58.7%on Gait3D.These results demonstrate that our adaptive fusion strategy effectively integrates complementary multimodal information,significantly enhancing gait recognition robustness and accuracy in complex scenes and providing a practical solution for real-world applications.展开更多
Small RNAs(sRNAs)are important non-coding RNAs that usually play crucial roles in gene expression at the post-transcriptional level.The sRNAs have mostly been investigated in model microorganisms such as Escherichia c...Small RNAs(sRNAs)are important non-coding RNAs that usually play crucial roles in gene expression at the post-transcriptional level.The sRNAs have mostly been investigated in model microorganisms such as Escherichia coli and some pathogens.Nevertheless,microbial sRNAs from extreme environments such as the polar regions and deep sea have recently been discovered and analyzed for their unique roles in stress response,metabolic regulation and adaptation to extreme environments.These sRNAs fine-tune gene expression during oxidative and radiation stress,and modulate temperature and osmotic pressure responses.Representative sRNAs and their functions in thermophilic,psychrophilic,halophilic and radiation-tolerant bacteria are summarized in this review.Despite challenges in sample collection,RNA isolation,and functional annotation,the study of sRNAs in extreme environments provides opportunities for discovering novel regulatory mechanisms,applying them to biotechnology,and advancing our understanding of evolutionary adaptations.Looking ahead,high-throughput sequencing,synthetic biology,and multi-omics integration will bring new breakthroughs in discovering novel sRNAs and their functions and regulatory mechanisms.Such advancements are poised to enable comprehensive characterization of sRNA-mediated regulatory networks in extremophiles and unlock their biotechnological potential through mechanism-driven applications.展开更多
文摘1.Introduction The field of exercise science is experiencing a renaissance,with recent research illuminating the molecular,cellular,and systemic effects of physical activity.This is largely due to the now unequivocal evidence that a lack of physical activity,not only has direct effects on the prevalence of non-contagious diseases(NCDs)but has profound additive effects of other risk factors for NCD such as obesity and hypertension.1 The articles in this special topic of Journal of Sport and Health Science(JSHS)are dedicated to research on Exercise biochemistry&metabolism.
文摘Climate change poses a profound threat to mountain agro-ecosystems,particularly in the Himalayan region of West Bengal,India,by disrupting precipitation patterns,increasing temperature variability,and intensifying extreme weather events.Despite growing evidence of climate change impacts,there remains a critical research gap in understanding how socioeconomic factors drive farmers' adaptation strategies to climate change in this vulnerable region.This study examines how farmers in the Himalayan region of West Bengal,India,perceived and responded to the growing impacts of climate change on mountain agro-ecosystems.Drawing on cross-sectional data from 370 farm households selected through multistage sampling,the research employs a combination of analytical tools,including the severity index(SI) to assess farmers' perceptions to climate change,the adaptation index(AI) to evaluate adaptive responses,the Garrett's ranking technique to prioritize constraints,and the ordered logistic regression to identify key socioeconomic drivers of adaptation.Findings reveal a high level of climate awareness among farmers,particularly regarding the increase in weather extremes(SI=74.87%),increase in temperature(SI=72.31%),and irregular rainfall patterns and highly erratic rainfall(SI=62.52%).The most commonly adopted strategies include adopting intercropping and mixed cropping systems(AI=0.613),adoption of the integrated farming system model(AI=0.600),and shift towards non-farm employment(AI=0.608),while the adoption of climate-resilient crop varieties and improved irrigation remains limited.Regression analysis highlights that education(regression coefficient=0.38),average landholding size(regression coefficient=1.21),and access to daily weather forecast information(regression coefficient=1.92) significantly promote adaptive behaviour,whereas age(regression coefficient= –0.09) and gender(regression coefficient= –0.76) are negatively associated.Institutional constraints,particularly unavailability of institutional credit,emerge as primary barriers.The study underscores the urgent need for region-specific,inclusive policy frameworks that enhance climate advisory services,support technology dissemination,and empower marginalized groups in the Himalayan region of West Bengal.By fostering informed,equitable,and resilient agricultural systems,these strategies can significantly strengthen the adaptive capacity of mountain farming communities and contribute to sustainable development under a changing climate.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project[Grand No.2022YFF0802304]Key Research and Development and Transformation Project of the Xizang Autonomous Region[Grand No.XZ202501ZY0119].
文摘It is essential to understand how adaptation needs and options differ among stakeholders in protected areas(PAs)to effectively implement climate change(CC)adaptation strategies.Using the Qiangtang PA in Xizang as a case study,this research examines CC adaptation needs and options from the perspectives of stakeholders across multiple administrative levels,including provincial,prefectural,county authorities,73 protection stations,and 13364 pastoralists residing within the PA.The findings show that stakeholders at the provincial level,as well as those from the Ali and Naqu prefectures and six counties,place greater emphasis on institutional and resource-related needs than on other categories(attention score:7.0-9.3 vs.5.0-7.0).In contrast,stakeholders from the 73 protection stations prioritize technological and capacity-building needs more strongly than other types(attention score:8.0-9.0 vs.4.0-8.0).The 13364 pastoralists assign the highest importance to social needs relative to other categories(attention score:9.0-9.5 vs.3.0-8.0).Most of the eight existing protection measures were found to indirectly support broader climate adaptation efforts.In particular,protective actions addressing fire,pests,and weather-related disasters can be classified as autonomous adaptation,while other measures generate outcomes that enhance adaptation capacity under specific conditions.Adaptation options,grouped into three main types and 13 subcategories,differ across stakeholder groups,although substantial overlap exists between these options and current protective actions,including ecosystem based adaptation strategies,adaptation-related practices,autonomous adaptation measures,and emergency interventions.Overall,these findings highlight the critical role of all stakeholders-especially staff from the 73 protection stations and the 13364 pastoralists-in the effective implementation of adaptation actions within the PA.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24B20183)the Pioneer Leading Goose+X Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province(2025C02018)。
文摘Dear Editor,This letter deals with the autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV)three dimensional(3D)trajectory tracking control chronically suffering from poor accuracy and efficiency in complex hydrodynamics.A state-of-the-art predictive adaptive controller(PAC)is proposed with a distinct dual closed-loop structure.
文摘针对核反应堆多物理场耦合模拟中传统程序效率低、精度不足的问题,研究基于开源耦合库preCICE及其适配器OpenFOAM-adapter,构建通用三维核热耦合程序。中子物理模块采用课题组研发的有限体积法中子输运程序,热工水力模块集成三维固体导热(laplacianFoam)与流体对流换热模型(buoyantPimpleFoam),通过对preCICE官方OpenFOAM-adapter进行功能拓展,引入OpenFOAM的单元集合(cellSet)机制及其区域管理工具topoSet以界定耦合域;并在配置文件preciceDict中配置volumeCenters字段激活体积耦合模式,实现了中子学与热工水力学求解器间基于非匹配网格的数据映射。选取压水堆(Pressurized Water Reactor,PWR)单棒基准题开展网格无关性分析,对比最近邻映射、最近投影映射、径向基函数映射等数据传递方法。结果表明:程序可精确输出三维功率分布、中子通量密度场及速度场,冷却剂出口平均温度相对误差小于0.1%,包壳最高温度相对误差0.14%,计算结果与文献计算值符合较好。该程序突破传统定制化开发模式,支持异构网格差异化配置与大规模并行计算,可为反应堆安全分析、优化设计等提供参考工具。
基金supported by the Financial Special Fund,grant number XZ202401JD0027National Barley Industry Technology System(CARS-05-01A-08)+3 种基金the Xizang Agri-Tech Innovation Project(XZNKY-2025-CXGC-T01)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U20A2026)the Financial Special Fund,grant number(32401784,2017CZZX001/2,XZNKY-2018-C-021 and NYSTC202401)the China Agriculture Research System of Barley(CARS-05).
文摘Qingke,a staple crop grown on the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau,has evolved a metabolomic profile providing both environmental stress resilience and human nutrition.We review the hypothesis that the metabolites that confer cold and UV resistance on the crop also facilitate human adaptation to high-altitude stresses.Specifically,β-glucans regulate blood glucose primarily via short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)produced through gut microbiota fermentation,which directly mediate glucose homeostasis.Phenolamides accumulate via the phenylpropanoid pathway,with chalcone isomerase(CHI)serving as a key enzyme in flavonoid biosynthesis and enhancing UV-B resistance.Under low temperatures,β-glucans improve frost tolerance by modulating osmotic balance and inhibiting ice-nucleating proteins,while lipids maintain membrane fluidity to sustain cellular function during cold stress.Importantly,we explore the hypothesis that these same metabolites,upon consumption,may facilitate human adaptation to high-altitude stresses.This hypothesis is supported by preliminary epidemiological associations between Qingke consumption and favorable health outcomes in high-altitude populations,as well as established bioactivities of the implicated metabolites in vitro and in animal models.However,direct causal evidence in humans and a comprehensive understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms remain key knowledge gaps that warrant future investigation.Qingke as a unique resource at the interface of agricultural resilience and human nutrition.Understanding its metabolic blueprint will inform the development of functional foods and climate-resilient crops.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12071133)Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(252300421993)Key Scientific Research Project of Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province(25B110005)。
文摘In this paper,an adaptive cubic regularisation algorithm based on affine scaling methods(ARCBASM)is proposed for solving nonlinear equality constrained programming with nonnegative constraints on variables.From the optimality conditions of the problem,we introduce appropriate affine matrix and construct an affine scaling ARC subproblem with linearized constraints.Composite step methods and reduced Hessian methods are applied to tackle the linearized constraints.As a result,a standard unconstrained ARC subproblem is deduced and its solution can supply sufficient decrease.The fraction to the boundary rule maintains the strict feasibility(for nonnegative constraints on variables)of every iteration point.Reflection techniques are employed to prevent the iterations from approaching zero too early.Under mild assumptions,global convergence of the algorithm is analysed.Preliminary numerical results are reported.
基金funded by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32288101 and 91631306 to B.S32170632 and 32000390 to Y.H.32400503 to Y.G.)Major Scientific Project of Yunnan Province(202305AH340007 to B.S.)+4 种基金Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program Science&Technology Champion Project(202005AB160004 to B.S.)Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program Innovation Team(202405AS350008)Yunnan Scientist Workshops(to B.S.)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(to Y.H.),the Science and Technology General Program of Yunnan Province(202301AW070010 and 202001AT070110 to Y.H.)and the Provincial Key Research,Development,and Translational Program(XZ202101ZY0009G to Baima.).
文摘Nitric oxide(NO)is a key vasodilator that regulates vascular pressure and blood flow.Tibetans have developed a"blunted"mechanism for regulating NO levels at high altitude,with GTP cyclohydrolase 1(GCH1)identified as a key candidate gene.Here,we present comprehensive genetic and functional analyses of GCH1,which exhibits strong Darwinian positive selection in Tibetans.We show that Tibetan-enriched GCH1 variants down-regulate its expression in the blood of Tibetans.Based on this observation,we generate the heterozygous Gch1 knockout(Gch1^(+/-))mouse model to simulate its downregulation in Tibetans.We find that under prolonged hypoxia,the Gch1^(+/-)mice have relatively higher blood NO and blood oxygen saturation levels compared with the wild-type(WT)controls,providing better oxygen supplies to the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems.Markedly,hypoxia-induced cardiac hypertrophy and pulmonary remodeling are significantly attenuated in the Gch1^(^(+/-))mice compared with the WT controls,likely due to the adaptive changes in molecular regulations related to metabolism,inflammation,circadian rhythm,extracellular matrix,and oxidative stress.This study sheds light on the role of GCH1 in regulating blood NO,contributing to the physiological adaptation of the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems in Tibetans at high altitude.
基金supported by Science and Technology Program from the Forestry Administration of Guangdong Province(2024KJQT0012)the Guangdong Provincial Key R&D Program(2022B1111040001)+2 种基金the National Forestry Administration rare and endangered species field rescue and breeding project(Gui lin hu yu O10)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32200337)a fellowship from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M712003).
文摘Gibbons are small,arboreal apes that play a critical role in tropical biodiversity and ecosystem ecology.However,nearly all species of gibbons are threatened by habitat loss,illegal trade,hunting,and other human activities.Long-term poor understanding of their genetics and evolution undermines effective conservation efforts.In this study,we analyse comparative population genomic data of four Nomascus species.Our results reveal strong genetic differentiation and gene flow among Nomascus species.Additionally,we identify genomic features that are potentially related to natural selection linked to vocalization,fructose metabolism,motor balance,and body size,consistent with the unique phenotype and adaptability of gibbons.Inbreeding,coupled with population declines due to climate change and historical human activities,leads to reduced genetic diversity and the accumulation of deleterious variations that likely affect cardiovascular disease and the reproductive potential of gibbons and further reduce their fitness,highlighting the urgent need for effective conservation strategies.
基金supported by the 2024 Zhejiang Provincial Women’s Federation&Women’s Studies Association Research Project(202450).
文摘Objective:International students frequently face psychological adaptation difficulties while studying and living abroad.As an effective psychological resource,positive solitude has been identified as a potential factor for improving psychological well-being,but the underlying mechanism linking the two has not been fully explored.The current study aims to explore the relationship between positive solitude and psychological adaptation of international students,with particular emphasis on the intermediary roles of authenticity and loneliness.Methods:A total of 529 international tertiary students(Mage=23.76,SD=5.08;60.68%male)were surveyed using the Positive Solitude Scale(PSS),Authenticity Scale(AS),6-item UCLA Loneliness Scale(ULS-6),and Brief Psychological Adaptation Scale(BPAS).SPSS27.0 was used for descriptive statistical analysis and Pearson correlation analysis.PROCESS macro(Model 6)was employed to test a serial mediation model,in which authenticity and loneliness function as intermediary variables between positive solitude and psychological adaptation.Results:The correlation analysis indicated significant associations among positive solitude,authenticity,loneliness,and psychological adaptation(r=−0.544~0.511).Positive solitude was directly and positively related to psychological adaptation(β=0.132,t=3.609,p<0.001)and indirectly related to psychological adaptation through two pathways:a single mediation via authenticity(indirect effect=0.089)and a serial mediation through authenticity and loneliness(indirect effect=0.062).Loneliness did not serve as a significant mediator(indirect effect=–0.015,95%CI[–0.049,0.019]).The total indirect effect was 0.136.Conclusions:Interventions targeting international students’capacity for experiencing positive solitude and authenticity can help to reduce loneliness and increase psychological adaptation.The findings derived from this study are conducive to understanding the relationship between positive solitude and psychological adaptation,as well as its underlying mechanisms.In addition,the study offers a new perspective for educational management and psychological counseling services for international students.
文摘Conventionally,foundations have been classified as shallow or deep in routine civil engineering practice.However,due to recent developments,two other approaches,semi-deep and ground modification foundations,are now available,complicating foundation categorization.Accordingly,a new concept for foundation categorization is introduced in this paper based on insights into the theory of structure analysis.Based on the form aspect,foundation systems can be categorized as one-dimensional(linear),two-dimensional(planar),and threedimensional(volumetric).Based on the load transfer aspect,foundations can also be categorized as vector-acting(piles),section or surface-acting(rafts and shells),and block-acting(piled rafts).As a step toward implementing this new categorization scheme,a database of 22 cases has been compiled,symbolizing novel introduced foundation systems.This compilation involves structures such as offshore jackets,high-rise buildings,towers and storages,and diverse geomaterials.Among them,a few have been selected for detailed evaluation,emphasizing influential factors in foundation selection,comprising superstructure,subsoil condition,foundation system,circumferential conditions,and supplementary considerations,that is,constructional and sustainability-based issues.Lessons learned from experience and these knowledge-based cases have described for foundation selection and implementation.Geotechnical and practical aspects with critical components have been realized as major performance assessment and comparison factors.Foundation systems have been compared and ranked using the improved analytic hierarchy process approach.Finally,four categories of buildings,from low-rise to towers and four prevailing levels of soil strength,from soft to very hard,have been considered to propose a perspective for building substructure implementation,adapted via relevant cases.Overall,the introduced categorization is recognized as an efficient algorithm for the experimentation of appropriate foundations for specific structures and subsoil conditions.
文摘In federated learning,backdoor attacks have become an important research topic with their wide application in processing sensitive datasets.Since federated learning detects or modifies local models through defense mechanisms during aggregation,it is difficult to conduct effective backdoor attacks.In addition,existing backdoor attack methods are faced with challenges,such as low backdoor accuracy,poor ability to evade anomaly detection,and unstable model training.To address these challenges,a method called adaptive simulation backdoor attack(ASBA)is proposed.Specifically,ASBA improves the stability of model training by manipulating the local training process and using an adaptive mechanism,the ability of the malicious model to evade anomaly detection by combing large simulation training and clipping,and the backdoor accuracy by introducing a stimulus model to amplify the impact of the backdoor in the global model.Extensive comparative experiments under five advanced defense scenarios show that ASBA can effectively evade anomaly detection and achieve high backdoor accuracy in the global model.Furthermore,it exhibits excellent stability and effectiveness after multiple rounds of attacks,outperforming state-of-the-art backdoor attack methods.
基金Supported by Changsha Tobacco Company Science and Technology Project(2020-2024A04).
文摘Starting from the foundational static traits underlying the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, this research conducts a systematic examination of the phenomena and theoretical principles associated with environment-driven adaptive changes during its cultivation. It was found that environmental variables-including temperature, light, and moisture-elicit directional shifts in static traits ( e.g. , chemical composition, morphological architecture, and leaf tissue structure) toward enhanced environmental adaptation, characterized by graduality, juvenility, similarity, and correlativity. Upon alterations in ambient conditions, flue-cured tobacco modulates its static traits through integrated physical, chemical, and biological-genetic mechanisms, aiming to optimize resource utilization, mitigate environmental constraints, and preserve internal homeostasis alongside metabolic balance. The investigation further reveals that the adaptive scope of flue-cured tobacco to field environments is malleable and can be extended and elevated via adaptive conditioning commencing at the juvenile stage. In addition, the adaptive alignment between static traits and environmental parameters exerts a substantial impact on the plant s growth dynamics, yield performance, and quality attributes. Beyond its relevance to flue-cured tobacco, the proposed theory offers a meaningful framework for elucidating the pervasive adaptive strategies employed by plants and broader biological systems in response to environmental contingencies.
基金supported by China Hunan Provincial Science&Technology Department(No.2023NK2031)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2023JJ40031)the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security(No.H20240365).
文摘To explore the adaptive mechanisms of the partial nitritation-anammox(PNA)process under high salinity stress during kitchen wastewater treatment,focusing on their physiological and molecular responses through metagenomic analysis.An airlift inner-circulation partition bioreactor(AIPBR)was developed,featuring an inner cylinder and a flow guide tube to create distinct oxygen gradients,facilitating the study of microbial adaptation under varying salt conditions.The AIPBR was operated with synthetic wastewater containing ammonium concentrations of 1800±100 mg/L and salinity gradients ranging from 1 to 10 g/L,followed by a fixed salinity period at 6 g/L,with ammonium concentrations approximately 850 mg/L.High-throughput metagenomic analysis revealed shifts in functional genes and metabolic pathways in response to salinity stress.Anammox bacteria adapted by enriching genes involved in the synthesis of osmoprotective compounds and activating energy-producing pathways like the tricarboxylic acid cycle(TCA).These adaptations,along with modifications in membrane composition,were essential for sustaining system stability under elevated salinity.Under prolonged high salinity stress,anaerobic ammonium oxidizing(AnAOB)exhibited improved salt tolerance,maintaining a total nitrogen removal efficiency above 85%and stabilizing after an adaptation phase.The metagenomic data revealed a marked enrichment of genes associated with ion transport,stress response mechanisms,and DNA repair pathways.Changes in microbial community composition favored salt-tolerant species,supporting system stability.These findings highlight the applicability of the developed bioreactor for scaling up the PNA process to handle high-salinity wastewater,providing a promising avenue for sustainable nitrogen removal in challenging environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant number:82171965.
文摘Designing appropriate loss functions is critical to the success of supervised learning models.However,most conventional losses are fixed and manually designed,making them suboptimal for diverse and dynamic learning scenarios.In this work,we propose an Adaptive Meta-Loss Network(Adaptive-MLN)that learns to generate taskagnostic loss functions tailored to evolving classification problems.Unlike traditional methods that rely on static objectives,Adaptive-MLN treats the loss function itself as a trainable component,parameterized by a shallow neural network.To enable flexible,gradient-free optimization,we introduce a hybrid evolutionary approach that combines GeneticAlgorithms(GA)for global exploration and Evolution Strategies(ES)for local refinement.This co-evolutionary process dynamically adjusts the loss landscape,improvingmodel generalization without relying on analytic gradients or handcrafted heuristics.Experimental evaluations on synthetic tasks and the CIFAR-10 andMNIST datasets demonstrate that our approach consistently outperforms standard losses such as Cross-Entropy and Mean Squared Error in terms of accuracy,convergence,and adaptability.
文摘The rapidly evolving cybersecurity threat landscape exposes a critical flaw in traditional educational programs where static curricula cannot adapt swiftly to novel attack vectors.This creates a significant gap between theoretical knowledge and the practical defensive capabilities needed in the field.To address this,we propose TeachSecure-CTI,a novel framework for adaptive cybersecurity curriculumgeneration that integrates real-time Cyber Threat Intelligence(CTI)with AI-driven personalization.Our framework employs a layered architecture featuring a CTI ingestion and clusteringmodule,natural language processing for semantic concept extraction,and a reinforcement learning agent for adaptive content sequencing.Bydynamically aligning learningmaterialswithboththe evolving threat environment and individual learner profiles,TeachSecure-CTI ensures content remains current,relevant,and tailored.A 12-week study with 150 students across three institutions demonstrated that the framework improves learning gains by 34%,significantly exceeding the 12%–21%reported in recent literature.The system achieved 84.8%personalization accuracy,85.9%recognition accuracy for MITRE ATT&CK tactics,and a 31%faster competency development rate compared to static curricula.These findings have implications beyond academia,extending to workforce development,cyber range training,and certification programs.By bridging the gap between dynamic threats and static educational materials,TeachSecure-CTI offers an empirically validated,scalable solution for cultivating cybersecurity professionals capable of responding to modern threats.
文摘Community-pioneered Nature-based Solutions(NbS)have become the main strategies in climate adaptation,although the evidence of their effectiveness and the governing conditions is still fragmented across hazards,ecosystems,and disciplines.The current review is a synthesis of the worldwide empirical research based on the concept of community-led NbS,meaning those interventions where communities have significant decision-making power and responsibility concerning the design,stewardship,sharing of benefits,and learning.On a taxonomy that differentiates between proximal ecosystem functionality and hazard modulation and distal human vulnerability reduction,and procedural,distributional,and recognition justice,we systematize the evidence-based findings according to hazardecosystem-intervention type(coastal storms and sea-level rise,flooding,drought and water insecurity,urban heat,and emerging compound risks)and we compare the outcomes.The results are reported to have the co-benefits of biodiversity gain,livelihood diversification,and better well-being,though they can be neutralized by elite capture,exclusion,tenure insecurity,as well as,in cities,green gentrification and displacement.The analysis of governance indicates repeating bundles related to longer-lasting and fairer results:hedge rights and tenure,community-enforceable and legitimizing representation institutions,financing institutions with longer horizons of maintenance and active adaptation,protection,and grievance,ethical supervision,and data governance.Our findings conclude that to scale community-led NbS,we need to switch the targets of areas to the target of governance quality and design of evaluation that would connect a change in the ecosystem to lived risk reduction and distributional change.
基金supported by Singapore RIE2025 Manufacturing,Trade and Connectivity Industry Alignment Fund-Pre-Positioning(IAF-PP)under Grant M24N2a0039 through WP2-Intelligent Switching Controlthe National Research Foundation Singapore under its AI Singapore Programme under Grant AISG4-GC-2023-007-1B.
文摘In this paper,we propose a fuzzy logic-based coded event-triggered control with self-adjustable prescribed performance(FL-CEC-SPP)to address the trade-off between control performance and communication efficiency in resource-constrained networked control systems.The method integrates a fuzzy-coded event-triggered controller into a coded control framework to dynamically adjust the triggering threshold,thereby reducing unnecessary transmissions while maintaining system stability.A self-adjustable prescribed performance constraint is also incorporated to ensure that the tracking error remains within predefined bounds under arbitrary initial conditions.Theoretical analyses and simulation comparisons show that the method proposed in this paper maintains good tracking performance and stability while reducing the communication burden,and has wide applications in resource-constrained network control systems.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipality,grant number CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0503.
文摘Gait recognition is a key biometric for long-distance identification,yet its performance is severely degraded by real-world challenges such as varying clothing,carrying conditions,and changing viewpoints.While combining silhouette and skeleton data is a promising direction,effectively fusing these heterogeneous modalities and adaptively weighting their contributions in response to diverse conditions remains a central problem.This paper introduces GaitMAFF,a novelMulti-modal Adaptive Feature Fusion Network,to address this challenge.Our approach first transforms discrete skeleton joints into a dense SkeletonMap representation to align with silhouettes,then employs an attention-based module to dynamically learn the fusion weights between the two modalities.These fused features are processed by a powerful spatio-temporal backbone withWeighted Global-Local Feature FusionModules(WFFM)to learn a discriminative representation.Extensive experiments on the challenging CCPG and Gait3D datasets show that GaitMAFF achieves state-of-the-art performance,with an average Rank-1 accuracy of 84.6%on CCPG and 58.7%on Gait3D.These results demonstrate that our adaptive fusion strategy effectively integrates complementary multimodal information,significantly enhancing gait recognition robustness and accuracy in complex scenes and providing a practical solution for real-world applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.42476264,41976224).
文摘Small RNAs(sRNAs)are important non-coding RNAs that usually play crucial roles in gene expression at the post-transcriptional level.The sRNAs have mostly been investigated in model microorganisms such as Escherichia coli and some pathogens.Nevertheless,microbial sRNAs from extreme environments such as the polar regions and deep sea have recently been discovered and analyzed for their unique roles in stress response,metabolic regulation and adaptation to extreme environments.These sRNAs fine-tune gene expression during oxidative and radiation stress,and modulate temperature and osmotic pressure responses.Representative sRNAs and their functions in thermophilic,psychrophilic,halophilic and radiation-tolerant bacteria are summarized in this review.Despite challenges in sample collection,RNA isolation,and functional annotation,the study of sRNAs in extreme environments provides opportunities for discovering novel regulatory mechanisms,applying them to biotechnology,and advancing our understanding of evolutionary adaptations.Looking ahead,high-throughput sequencing,synthetic biology,and multi-omics integration will bring new breakthroughs in discovering novel sRNAs and their functions and regulatory mechanisms.Such advancements are poised to enable comprehensive characterization of sRNA-mediated regulatory networks in extremophiles and unlock their biotechnological potential through mechanism-driven applications.
