Background There is a lack of research examining the interplay between objectively measured physical activity volume and intensity with life expectancy.The purpose of the study was to investigate the interplay between...Background There is a lack of research examining the interplay between objectively measured physical activity volume and intensity with life expectancy.The purpose of the study was to investigate the interplay between objectively measured PA volume and intensity profiles with modeled life expectancy in women and men within the UK Biobank cohort study and interpret findings in relation to brisk walking.Methods Individuals from UK Biobank with wrist-worn accelerometer data were included.The average acceleration and intensity gradient were extracted to describe the physical activity volume and intensity profile.Mortality data were obtained from national registries.Adjusted life expectancies were estimated using parametric flexible survival models.Results 40,953(57.1%)women(median age=61.9 years)and 30,820(42.9%)men(63.1 years)were included.Over a median follow-up of 6.9 years,there were 1719(2.4%)deaths(733 in women;986 in men).At 60 years,life expectancy was progressively longer for higher physical activity volume and intensity profiles,reaching 95.6 years in women and 94.5 years in men at the 90th centile for both volume and intensity,corresponding to 3.4 additional years(95%confidence interval(95%CI):2.4-4.4)in women and 4.6 additional years(95%CI:3.6-5.6)in men compared to those at the 10th centiles.An additional 10-min or 30-min daily brisk walk was associated with 0.9(95%CI:0.5-1.3)and 1.4 years(95%CI:0.9-1.9)longer life expectancy,respectively,in inactive women;and 1.4 years(95%CI:1.0-1.8)and 2.5(95%CI:1.9-3.1)in inactive men.Conclusion Higher physical activity volumes were associated with longer life expectancy,with a higher physical activity intensity profile further adding to a longer life.Adding as little as a 10-min brisk walk to daily activity patterns may result in a meaningful benefit to life expectancy.展开更多
In the new released article of the Journal of Sport and Health Science,Zaccardi et al.1 provide compelling evidence that engaging in higher volumes and intensities of physical activity(PA)increases life expectancy in ...In the new released article of the Journal of Sport and Health Science,Zaccardi et al.1 provide compelling evidence that engaging in higher volumes and intensities of physical activity(PA)increases life expectancy in older men and women enrolled in the UK Biobank study.The study included 30,820 men and 40,953 women with median ages of 63.1 years and 61.9 years,respectively.Study participants wore accelerometers to track their time and intensity of PA for 7 days at baseline.展开更多
Background:Optimal patterns of accrual of recommended levels of physical activity(PA)for prevention of hypertension and obesity are not known.The overall aim of this study was to investigate whether different patterns...Background:Optimal patterns of accrual of recommended levels of physical activity(PA)for prevention of hypertension and obesity are not known.The overall aim of this study was to investigate whether different patterns of accumulation of PA are differentially associated with hypertension and obesity in Australian women over 21 years.Specifically,we investigated whether,for the same weekly volume of PA,the number of sessions(frequency)and vigorousness of PA(intensity)were associated with a reduction in the occurrence of hypertension and obesity in women.Methods:Data from the 1973-1978 and 1946-1951 cohorts of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health were analyzed(n=20,588;12%-16%with a Bachelor's or higher degree).Self-reported PA,hypertension,height,and weight were collected using mail surveys every 3 years from 1998/2000 to 2019/2021.Generalized Estimating Equation models with a 3-year lag model were used to investigate the association of PA volume(metabolic equivalent min/week)(none;33-499;500-999;≥1000,weekly frequency(none;1-2 times;3-4times;5-7 times;≥8 times),and the proportion of vigorous PA to total volume of PA(none;0%;1%-33%;34%-66%;67%-100%)with odds of hypertension and obesity from 2000 to 2021.Results:The cumulative incidence of hypertension was 6%in the 1973-1978 and 23%in the 1946-1951 cohort;27%of women in the 1973-1978;and 15%in the 1946-1951 cohort developed obesity over the period.Overall,a higher volume of PA was associated with reduced odds of hypertension and obesity.When the volume of PA was considered,the odds of hypertension did not vary according to the frequency or intensity of PA.However,increased proportion of vigorous PA to the total volume of PA was associated with a small additional reduction in the risk of obe sity.Conclusion:PA volume appears to be more important than the pattern of accumulation for the prevention of hypertension and obesity.Incorporating more sessions,particularly of vigorous-intensity PA,may provide extra benefits for the prevention of obesity.展开更多
Background:One-hour postprandial hyperglycemia is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.Physical activity(PA)has short-term beneficial effects on post-meal glucose response.This ...Background:One-hour postprandial hyperglycemia is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.Physical activity(PA)has short-term beneficial effects on post-meal glucose response.This study compared the oral glucose tolerance test results of 3 groups of people with habitually different levels of PA.Methods:Thirty-one adults without diabetes(age 25.9±6.6 years;body mass index 23.8±3.8 kg/m^2;mean±SD)were recruited and divided into 3 groups based on self-reported PA volume and intensity:low activity<30 min/day of moderate-intensity activity(n=11),moderately active≥30 min/day of moderate-intensity PA(n=10),and very active≥60 min/day of PA at high intensity(n=10).Participants completed an oral glucose tolerance test(50 g glucose)with capillary blood samples obtained at baseline,15 min,30 min,45 min,60 min,90 min,and 120 min post-ingestion.Results:There were no significant differences between groups for age or body fat percentage or glycated hemoglobin(p>0.05).The groups were significantly different in terms of baseline glucose level(p=0.003)and,marginally,for gender(p=0.053)and BMI(p=0.050).There was a statistically significant effect of PA on the 1-h postprandial glucose results(p=0.029),with differences between very active and low activity groups(p=0.008)but not between the moderately active and low activity groups(p=0.360),even when baseline glucose level and gender differences were accounted for.For incremental area under the curve there was no significant effect of activity group once gender and body fat percentage had been accounted for(p=0.401).Those in the low activity group took 15 min longer to reach peak glucose level than those in the very active group(p=0.012).Conclusion:The results suggest that high levels of PA have a beneficial effect on postprandial blood glucose profiles when compared to low and moderate levels of activity.展开更多
Analysis Method of ^(131)I Activity in Carbon Cartridge and Internal Dose Assessment for Nuclear Medicine Workers.Shuo Wang1,Fei Tuo1,Jian-feng Zhang1,Xiao-liang Li1,Bao-lu Yang1,Qiang Zhou1,Ze-shu Li1,Shu-ying Kong1,...Analysis Method of ^(131)I Activity in Carbon Cartridge and Internal Dose Assessment for Nuclear Medicine Workers.Shuo Wang1,Fei Tuo1,Jian-feng Zhang1,Xiao-liang Li1,Bao-lu Yang1,Qiang Zhou1,Ze-shu Li1,Shu-ying Kong1,and Wei-hao Qin1(1.National Institute for Radiological Protection,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing,100088,China.)展开更多
This paper reports the preparation of three di‑iron complexes containing a thiazole moiety.Esterification of complex[Fe_(2)(CO)_(6)(μ‑SCH_(2)CH(CH_(2)OH)S)](1)with 4‑methylthiazole‑5‑carboxylic acid gave the correspo...This paper reports the preparation of three di‑iron complexes containing a thiazole moiety.Esterification of complex[Fe_(2)(CO)_(6)(μ‑SCH_(2)CH(CH_(2)OH)S)](1)with 4‑methylthiazole‑5‑carboxylic acid gave the corresponding ester[Fe_(2)(CO)_(6)(μ‑tedt)](2),where tedt=SCH_(2)CH(CH_(2)OOC(5‑C_(3)HNSCH_(3)))S.Further reactions of complex 2 with tri(ptolyl)phosphine(tp)or tris(4‑fluorophenyl)phosphine(fp)gave the phosphine‑substituted derivatives[Fe_(2)(CO)_(5)(tp)(μ‑tedt)](3)and[Fe_(2)(CO)_(5)(fp)(μ‑tedt)](4).The structures of the newly prepared complexes were elucidated by elemental analysis,NMR,IR,and X‑ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Moreover,single‑crystal X‑ray diffraction analysis confirmed their molecular structures,showing that they contain a di‑iron core ligated by a bridged dithiolate bearing a thiazole moiety and terminal carbonyls.The electrochemical and electrocatalytic proton reduction were probed by cyclic voltammetry,revealing that three complexes can catalyze the reduction of protons to H_(2) under the electrochemical conditions.For comparison,complex 4 possessed the best efficiency with a turnover frequency of 23.5 s^(-1)at 10 mmol·L^(-1)HOAc concentration.In addition,the fungicidal activity of these complexes was also investigated in this study.CCDC:2477511,2;2477512,3;2477513,4.展开更多
Two new linear furocoumarins were isolated from Notopterygium incisum using silica gel,gel Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography,and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography.The structures of the new compound...Two new linear furocoumarins were isolated from Notopterygium incisum using silica gel,gel Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography,and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography.The structures of the new compounds were elucidated through analysis of spectroscopic evidence,including data obtained from high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(HRESIMS)and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR).The absolute configurations of Notoprenylate L(1)and Nototerprinol K(2)were further confirmed using electronic circular dichroism(ECD)calculations.Compound 1 demonstrated the ability to inhibit the expression of nitric oxide(NO),a pro-inflammatory factor,in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 macrophages at a concentration of 7.5μmol/L,indicating its potential for anti-inflammatory activity.展开更多
Chitosan(CTS)was grafted onto the surface of amino‑functionalized silver chloride silicon dioxide(AgCl@SiO_(2)‑NH_(2))cores to obtain AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS hybrid nanoparticles.The as‑obtained AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS nanoparticle...Chitosan(CTS)was grafted onto the surface of amino‑functionalized silver chloride silicon dioxide(AgCl@SiO_(2)‑NH_(2))cores to obtain AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS hybrid nanoparticles.The as‑obtained AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS nanoparticles were chlorinated by NaClO solution to get AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑based chloramine nano‑hybrid materials,denoted as AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.A transmission electron microscope was used to observe the morphology of the as‑prepared samples AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS and AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.At the same time,an X‑ray diffractometer and an infrared spectroscope were utilized to characterize their crystal and chemical structures.Besides,ζpotentials were measured to elucidate the surface modification of AgCl nanoparticles by—NH_(2),the antibacterial mechanism of AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl was investigated by scanning electron microscopy,and Escherichia coli(E.coli)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)were used as the to‑be‑tested strains to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of samples AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS and AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.Findings demonstrate that sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS exhibits a chain‑like structure ascribed to the interaction between—NH_(2),and each AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS hybrid nanoparticle contains several AgCl cores.In the meantime,sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl exhibits excellent antibacterial activity against E.coli and S.aureus,which is attributed to the synergistic antibacterial effect of Ag^(+)and Cl^(-).Sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl with a dosage of 640.00μg·mL^(-1) could completely kill the two kinds of tested bacteria in 12 h of incubation;it retains a high antibacterial efficiency even after 10 cycles of antibacterial tests.展开更多
In 2025,I had the honor of delivering keynote speeches at the conferences of the International Society for Diet and Activity Methods in Toronto,Canada,and the International Society of Behavioural Nutrition and Physica...In 2025,I had the honor of delivering keynote speeches at the conferences of the International Society for Diet and Activity Methods in Toronto,Canada,and the International Society of Behavioural Nutrition and Physical Activity in Auckland,Aotearoa,New Zealand.These opportunities prompted deep reflection on scientific research in general,and on physical activity and health research specifically.展开更多
The mammalian cerebral cortex,despite its variation in brain shape and size,is a stereotypical six-layered structure composed of pyramidal cells,interneurons,astrocytes,microglia,oligodendrocytes,and endothelial cells...The mammalian cerebral cortex,despite its variation in brain shape and size,is a stereotypical six-layered structure composed of pyramidal cells,interneurons,astrocytes,microglia,oligodendrocytes,and endothelial cells.During development,these cells differ in their origin,birth timing,and developmental trajectories.Nonetheless,they converge during development,forming nascent cortical circuits crucial for organismal behavior.While the relative proportions of cortical cells vary between regions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Postoperative delirium(POD)is a common and serious complication in surgical patients,particularly older adults.Alterations in cholinergic function have been implicated in its pathophysiology.AIM To evaluate...BACKGROUND Postoperative delirium(POD)is a common and serious complication in surgical patients,particularly older adults.Alterations in cholinergic function have been implicated in its pathophysiology.AIM To evaluate the association between preoperative serum cholinesterase(ChE)activity—specifically butyrylcholinesterase(BuChE)and acetylcholinesterase(AChE)—and the risk of POD in adult surgical patients in a meta-analysis.METHODS A systematic search was conducted in PubMed,EMBASE,and Web of Science up to March 28,2025 for studies reporting preoperative serum BuChE or AChE activity in relation to subsequent POD incidence.Standardized mean differences(SMDs)and odds ratios(ORs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were pooled using random-effects models.Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed based on follow-up duration and analytic models.RESULTS Thirteen studies(n=2730 patients)were included.Patients who developed POD had significantly lower preoperative BuChE activity than those who did not(SMD=-0.28;95%CI:-0.39 to-0.16;I^(2)=18%).Higher BuChE activity was associated with a reduced risk of POD(OR per 100 unit increment=0.97;95%CI:0.95-0.99;I2=0%).In contrast,pooled AChE activity did not differ significantly between POD and non-POD groups(SMD=-0.25;95%CI:-0.53 to 0.03;P=0.08;I^(2)=80%),and the ORs per 1 unit increment in AChE activity were not statistically significant(OR=0.98;95%CI:0.95-1.01).CONCLUSION Lower preoperative serum BuChE activity is associated with an increased risk of POD in adults undergoing surgery.BuChE activity may serve as a potential preoperative biomarker for POD risk stratification.展开更多
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)and obesity(OB)are bidirectionally comorbid conditions with common neurobiological underpinnings.However,the neurocognitive mechanisms of their comorbidity remain poorly unders...BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)and obesity(OB)are bidirectionally comorbid conditions with common neurobiological underpinnings.However,the neurocognitive mechanisms of their comorbidity remain poorly understood.AIM To examine regional abnormalities in spontaneous brain activity among patients with MDD-OB comorbidity.METHODS This study adopted a regional homogeneity(ReHo)analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.The study included 149 hospital patients divided into four groups:Patients experiencing their first episode of drug-naive MDD with OB,patients with MDD without OB,and age-and sex-matched healthy individuals with and without OB.Whole-brain ReHo analysis was conducted using SPM12 software and RESTplus toolkits,with group comparisons via ANOVA and post-hoc tests.Correlations between ReHo values and behavioral measures were examined.RESULTS ANOVA revealed significant whole-brain ReHo differences among the four groups in four key regions:The left middle temporal gyrus(MTG.L),right cuneus,left precuneus,and left thalamus.Post-hoc analyses confirmed pairwise differences between all groups across these regions(P<0.05).OB was associated with ReHo alterations in the MTG.L,right cuneus,and left thalamus,whereas abnormalities in the precuneus suggested synergistic pathological mechanisms between MDD and OB.Statistically significant correlations were found between the drive and fun-seeking dimensions of the behavioral activation system,as well as behavioral inhibition and the corresponding ReHo values.CONCLUSION Our findings provide novel evidence for the neuroadaptive mechanisms underlying the MDD-OB comorbidity.Further validation could lead to personalized interventions targeting MTG.L hyperactivity and targeting healthy food cues.展开更多
The single-atom replacement strategy is a typical approach which just converts elements in lead compounds into their analogues with very small chemical changes.In this research,we implemented this strategy to modify t...The single-atom replacement strategy is a typical approach which just converts elements in lead compounds into their analogues with very small chemical changes.In this research,we implemented this strategy to modify the sulfonamide scaffold identified in our previous work,and resulting in the synthesis of 40 novel sulfonamide derivatives not previously reported in the literature.The insecticidal activities of these compounds against the Mythimna separata and Plutella xylostella were assessed.Our findings indicate that the pyridine sulfonamide structure significantly enhances insecticidal efficacy.Specifically,compound 7c exhibited LC 50 values of 0.157 and 0.256 mg/mL against the M.separata and P.xylostella,which significantly increased 97-and 41-fold compared to celangulin V,respectively.The experimental results revealed that pyridine sulfonamide analogues could serve as potential green insecticides.展开更多
Human Activity Recognition(HAR)is a novel area for computer vision.It has a great impact on healthcare,smart environments,and surveillance while is able to automatically detect human behavior.It plays a vital role in ...Human Activity Recognition(HAR)is a novel area for computer vision.It has a great impact on healthcare,smart environments,and surveillance while is able to automatically detect human behavior.It plays a vital role in many applications,such as smart home,healthcare,human computer interaction,sports analysis,and especially,intelligent surveillance.In this paper,we propose a robust and efficient HAR system by leveraging deep learning paradigms,including pre-trained models,CNN architectures,and their average-weighted fusion.However,due to the diversity of human actions and various environmental influences,as well as a lack of data and resources,achieving high recognition accuracy remain elusive.In this work,a weighted average ensemble technique is employed to fuse three deep learning models:EfficientNet,ResNet50,and a custom CNN.The results of this study indicate that using a weighted average ensemble strategy for developing more effective HAR models may be a promising idea for detection and classification of human activities.Experiments by using the benchmark dataset proved that the proposed weighted ensemble approach outperformed existing approaches in terms of accuracy and other key performance measures.The combined average-weighted ensemble of pre-trained and CNN models obtained an accuracy of 98%,compared to 97%,96%,and 95%for the customized CNN,EfficientNet,and ResNet50 models,respectively.展开更多
Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns worldwide due to their association with many chronic health conditions.This has resulted in the development of various interventions focused on weight loss...Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns worldwide due to their association with many chronic health conditions.This has resulted in the development of various interventions focused on weight loss to reduce the associated health burden.Physical activity is an important lifestyle behavior associated with enhanced health.Evidence supports that many of the benefits of physical activity are realized independent of initial weight status or whether weight loss is achieved,with some benefits additive to what is achieved with weight loss alone.These benefits include enhanced cardiometabolic,brain,cognitive and psychological health,and others.Moreover,in adults with overweight or obesity,physical activity has independent effects on cardiorespiratory fitness,muscular strength,physical function,and mobility.There are also benefits to body composition,with physical activity improving the quality of key tissues,such as skeletal muscle,which may not occur with diet-induced weight loss.Therefore,physical activity is an important public health target for adults with overweight or obesity to provide a wide range of health benefits that extend beyond those of weight loss alone.However,physical activity recommendations and programming efforts should consider the unique characteristics of adults with overweight or obesity to be most effective,and should support a focus on mobility,physical function,and other health outcomes.展开更多
Asplactones A-E(1-5),five unique diphenyl ether hybrids,along with two rare spiro-diphenyl ethers,aspviolaceols A(6)and B(7),were isolated and characterized from Aspergillus sp.F1-8A,an endophytic fungus associated wi...Asplactones A-E(1-5),five unique diphenyl ether hybrids,along with two rare spiro-diphenyl ethers,aspviolaceols A(6)and B(7),were isolated and characterized from Aspergillus sp.F1-8A,an endophytic fungus associated with the parotoid glands of Bufo gargarizans Cantor.Compounds 1-5 represent the first examples of diphenyl ether hybrids fused with unusual moieties,including conjugatedγ-butyrolactone and cyclopentenone.Compounds 6 and 7 are the first known natural spiro-diphenyl ethers,with 6 featuring an uncommon 6/6/6/6-membered carbon skeleton,and 7 possessing a distinct 6/6/6/6/6/6-membered diphenyl ether spiro-heterodimer carbon framework.Structural elucidation was performed using a combination of spectroscopic techniques,X-ray crystallography,and quantum-chemical calculations,and plausible biosynthetic pathways were proposed.Biologically,compounds 1,2,4,6,and 7 exhibited antioxidant activity comparable to or surpassing that of vitamin C in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)(ABTS),and ferric reducing power assays.They also significantly improved cell viability in H2O2-induced oxidative injury assays using A549 cells.展开更多
Background:Depression is prevalent among female college students,with eating behavior potentially related to this issue.This study examines the relationship between eating behavior and depression,focusing on the role ...Background:Depression is prevalent among female college students,with eating behavior potentially related to this issue.This study examines the relationship between eating behavior and depression,focusing on the role of social appearance anxiety and physical activity.Methods:We recruited 2161 female college students from nine universities in China via convenience sampling.Data was collected via an online questionnaire.Eating behavior was assessed via the Eating Behavior Scale short form(EBS-SF),depression was measured via the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale(CES-D),social appearance anxiety was evaluated via the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale,and physical activity was assessed via a single-item question.Descriptive statistics were analyzed via SPSS 26.0,and moderated mediation analysis was conducted via PROCESS version 3.5.Results:Unhealthy eating behavior was significantly associated with higher levels of depression(β=0.285,p<0.001).Social appearance anxiety mediated this relationship,accounting for 46%of the total effect(β=0.132,95%CI=[0.108,0.158]).The interaction effect between eating behavior and physical activity was significantly and negatively correlated with depression(β=−0.052,p<0.01).The association between eating behavior and depression was stronger under conditions of low physical activity(β=0.210,p<0.001)than under conditions of high physical activity(β=0.105,p<0.001).Conclusions:Integrating nutritional guidance,body image acceptance training,and exercise promotion into campus mental health programs is crucial for addressing depression in female college students.Future research should use longitudinal designs and broader participant ranges to increase the general applicability of the findings.展开更多
Background:Early detection of harmful brain activity in critically ill patients using electroencephalography(EEG)is vital for timely and effective clinical intervention.Automating EEG analysis with deep learning techn...Background:Early detection of harmful brain activity in critically ill patients using electroencephalography(EEG)is vital for timely and effective clinical intervention.Automating EEG analysis with deep learning techniques holds significant promise for enhancing diagnostic efficiency and accuracy.Methods:We implemented EfficientNetB2,which leverages convolutional neural networks with a novel Temporal Squeeze-and-Excitation module to capture temporal EEG features,and WaveNet,a sequential model designed to effectively model temporal dependencies in EEG data using dilated causal convolutions and temporal self-attention.Both models were trained and evaluated using a publicly available EEG dataset,with performance assessed via 4-fold cross-validation and a step-wise learning rate reduction strategy.Results:Our results demonstrate a significant reduction in training loss from 0.6459 to 0.3055 and validation loss from 0.9602 to 0.5719 over six epochs.Consistent improvements were observed across cross-validation folds,highlighting the robustness of the models.Additionally,ensemble learning of the two architectures further enhanced classification performance.Conclusion:This comparative analysis sheds light on the strengths and limitations of EfficientNetB2 and WaveNet for automated harmful brain activity detection in EEG signals.The findings contribute to the advancement of reliable and efficient deep learning models,paving the way for their clinical application in managing critically ill patients.展开更多
Carotenoids are natural pigments that are widely distributed in the flowers,fruits,and seeds of many plant species.These compounds not only endow diverse colors but also exhibit antioxidant,immune-modulatory,anti-agin...Carotenoids are natural pigments that are widely distributed in the flowers,fruits,and seeds of many plant species.These compounds not only endow diverse colors but also exhibit antioxidant,immune-modulatory,anti-aging,and photoprotective properties.Although carotenoid metabolism has been studied extensively in microbial and plant science,the genetic mechanisms underlying carotenoid metabolism in cotton remain underexplored.Here,we isolated gene GbDYA that regulates a dark-yellow anther color by map-based cloning using a BC1F1 population derived from a cross of Gossypium barbadense acc.Hai7124 with dark-yellow anthers and G.hirsutum acc.TM-1 with light-yellow anthers backcrossed with TM-1.GbDYA encodes phytoene synthase,a key rate-limiting enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway.A long terminal repeat retrotransposon in the first exon of GhDYA(an ortholog of GbDYA in G.hirsutum acc.TM-1)caused loss of function and led to the light-yellow anther color.GbDYA is predominantly expressed in the early stages of anther development.Transcriptome,RT-qPCR and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that GbDYA influences the synthesis and accumulation of carotenoids in anthers by modulating expression of key genes in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway.Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses indicated that the accumulation of lutein,violaxanthin,antherxanthin,cryptoxanthin,zeaxanthin,andβ-carotene contributed to yellow coloration of anthers.Dual-luciferase and yeast one-hybrid assays confirmed that transcription factor GbMYB105(GB_A11G3511)binds to the promoter of GbDYA and activates its expression.High-temperature stress treatment indicated that carotenoids accumulation in anthers enhances pollen antioxidant activity.This study unravels the role of GbDYA in conferring the anther coloration,and provides the potential utilization by modulating accumulation of carotenoids in anthers to enhance pollen viability in high-temperature tolerance breeding in cotton.展开更多
Acalypha gaumeri(Euphorbiaceae)is the only endemic species of the genus in the Yucatan Peninsula.It is dioecious and has antifungal properties against various phytopathogens.In the present study,molecular identificati...Acalypha gaumeri(Euphorbiaceae)is the only endemic species of the genus in the Yucatan Peninsula.It is dioecious and has antifungal properties against various phytopathogens.In the present study,molecular identification of A.gaumeri was performed using the rbcL region,confirming its belonging to the Acalypha genus.Its genetic diversity was evaluated using 10 SPAR markers(ISSR and DAMD)from 60 individuals collected from female and male plants of the Kiuic,Tinum and Yaxcaba ex-situ populations.The results showed a high level of genetic polymorphism(PIC=0.980)and significant differences among the populations.Ethanol and aqueous extracts from leaves,stems,and roots of both genders and three populations were evaluated against three phytopathogenic fungi.Only the ethanol extracts of the roots showed inhibitory antifungal activity,whereas Kiuic and Tinum,both male and female individuals,showed inhibitory effects at 1000μg/mL against the three pathogens.The ethanol extract of the female flowering plant of Kiuic showed activity at minimum inhibitory concentrations of 250μg/mL against Alternaria chrysanthemi CICY004 and 500μg/mL against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides CICY002 and Penicillium oxalicum ITC25.Chromatographic profile of the ethanol extracts confirmed the presence of alkaloidal components in the ex-situ cultivated plants,which were analyzed by HPLC.The results revealed that the peaks at T_(R) of 7.60,7.88,and 8.49 min were the most abundant components(9.95%-21.93%),with differences between female and male plants of the three populations.This research confirms that A.gaumeri cultivated and genetically characterized is a potential raw material to develop an eco-friendly product for the control of fungal diseases in crops.展开更多
基金funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)the Applied Research Collaborations East Midlands (ARC-EM)supported by a UKRI project grant (MR/T031816/1)。
文摘Background There is a lack of research examining the interplay between objectively measured physical activity volume and intensity with life expectancy.The purpose of the study was to investigate the interplay between objectively measured PA volume and intensity profiles with modeled life expectancy in women and men within the UK Biobank cohort study and interpret findings in relation to brisk walking.Methods Individuals from UK Biobank with wrist-worn accelerometer data were included.The average acceleration and intensity gradient were extracted to describe the physical activity volume and intensity profile.Mortality data were obtained from national registries.Adjusted life expectancies were estimated using parametric flexible survival models.Results 40,953(57.1%)women(median age=61.9 years)and 30,820(42.9%)men(63.1 years)were included.Over a median follow-up of 6.9 years,there were 1719(2.4%)deaths(733 in women;986 in men).At 60 years,life expectancy was progressively longer for higher physical activity volume and intensity profiles,reaching 95.6 years in women and 94.5 years in men at the 90th centile for both volume and intensity,corresponding to 3.4 additional years(95%confidence interval(95%CI):2.4-4.4)in women and 4.6 additional years(95%CI:3.6-5.6)in men compared to those at the 10th centiles.An additional 10-min or 30-min daily brisk walk was associated with 0.9(95%CI:0.5-1.3)and 1.4 years(95%CI:0.9-1.9)longer life expectancy,respectively,in inactive women;and 1.4 years(95%CI:1.0-1.8)and 2.5(95%CI:1.9-3.1)in inactive men.Conclusion Higher physical activity volumes were associated with longer life expectancy,with a higher physical activity intensity profile further adding to a longer life.Adding as little as a 10-min brisk walk to daily activity patterns may result in a meaningful benefit to life expectancy.
文摘In the new released article of the Journal of Sport and Health Science,Zaccardi et al.1 provide compelling evidence that engaging in higher volumes and intensities of physical activity(PA)increases life expectancy in older men and women enrolled in the UK Biobank study.The study included 30,820 men and 40,953 women with median ages of 63.1 years and 61.9 years,respectively.Study participants wore accelerometers to track their time and intensity of PA for 7 days at baseline.
基金supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council(NHMRC)Investigator Grant(APP2008702)supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Developments-CNPq(process number 308772/2022-9)。
文摘Background:Optimal patterns of accrual of recommended levels of physical activity(PA)for prevention of hypertension and obesity are not known.The overall aim of this study was to investigate whether different patterns of accumulation of PA are differentially associated with hypertension and obesity in Australian women over 21 years.Specifically,we investigated whether,for the same weekly volume of PA,the number of sessions(frequency)and vigorousness of PA(intensity)were associated with a reduction in the occurrence of hypertension and obesity in women.Methods:Data from the 1973-1978 and 1946-1951 cohorts of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health were analyzed(n=20,588;12%-16%with a Bachelor's or higher degree).Self-reported PA,hypertension,height,and weight were collected using mail surveys every 3 years from 1998/2000 to 2019/2021.Generalized Estimating Equation models with a 3-year lag model were used to investigate the association of PA volume(metabolic equivalent min/week)(none;33-499;500-999;≥1000,weekly frequency(none;1-2 times;3-4times;5-7 times;≥8 times),and the proportion of vigorous PA to total volume of PA(none;0%;1%-33%;34%-66%;67%-100%)with odds of hypertension and obesity from 2000 to 2021.Results:The cumulative incidence of hypertension was 6%in the 1973-1978 and 23%in the 1946-1951 cohort;27%of women in the 1973-1978;and 15%in the 1946-1951 cohort developed obesity over the period.Overall,a higher volume of PA was associated with reduced odds of hypertension and obesity.When the volume of PA was considered,the odds of hypertension did not vary according to the frequency or intensity of PA.However,increased proportion of vigorous PA to the total volume of PA was associated with a small additional reduction in the risk of obe sity.Conclusion:PA volume appears to be more important than the pattern of accumulation for the prevention of hypertension and obesity.Incorporating more sessions,particularly of vigorous-intensity PA,may provide extra benefits for the prevention of obesity.
文摘Background:One-hour postprandial hyperglycemia is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.Physical activity(PA)has short-term beneficial effects on post-meal glucose response.This study compared the oral glucose tolerance test results of 3 groups of people with habitually different levels of PA.Methods:Thirty-one adults without diabetes(age 25.9±6.6 years;body mass index 23.8±3.8 kg/m^2;mean±SD)were recruited and divided into 3 groups based on self-reported PA volume and intensity:low activity<30 min/day of moderate-intensity activity(n=11),moderately active≥30 min/day of moderate-intensity PA(n=10),and very active≥60 min/day of PA at high intensity(n=10).Participants completed an oral glucose tolerance test(50 g glucose)with capillary blood samples obtained at baseline,15 min,30 min,45 min,60 min,90 min,and 120 min post-ingestion.Results:There were no significant differences between groups for age or body fat percentage or glycated hemoglobin(p>0.05).The groups were significantly different in terms of baseline glucose level(p=0.003)and,marginally,for gender(p=0.053)and BMI(p=0.050).There was a statistically significant effect of PA on the 1-h postprandial glucose results(p=0.029),with differences between very active and low activity groups(p=0.008)but not between the moderately active and low activity groups(p=0.360),even when baseline glucose level and gender differences were accounted for.For incremental area under the curve there was no significant effect of activity group once gender and body fat percentage had been accounted for(p=0.401).Those in the low activity group took 15 min longer to reach peak glucose level than those in the very active group(p=0.012).Conclusion:The results suggest that high levels of PA have a beneficial effect on postprandial blood glucose profiles when compared to low and moderate levels of activity.
文摘Analysis Method of ^(131)I Activity in Carbon Cartridge and Internal Dose Assessment for Nuclear Medicine Workers.Shuo Wang1,Fei Tuo1,Jian-feng Zhang1,Xiao-liang Li1,Bao-lu Yang1,Qiang Zhou1,Ze-shu Li1,Shu-ying Kong1,and Wei-hao Qin1(1.National Institute for Radiological Protection,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing,100088,China.)
文摘This paper reports the preparation of three di‑iron complexes containing a thiazole moiety.Esterification of complex[Fe_(2)(CO)_(6)(μ‑SCH_(2)CH(CH_(2)OH)S)](1)with 4‑methylthiazole‑5‑carboxylic acid gave the corresponding ester[Fe_(2)(CO)_(6)(μ‑tedt)](2),where tedt=SCH_(2)CH(CH_(2)OOC(5‑C_(3)HNSCH_(3)))S.Further reactions of complex 2 with tri(ptolyl)phosphine(tp)or tris(4‑fluorophenyl)phosphine(fp)gave the phosphine‑substituted derivatives[Fe_(2)(CO)_(5)(tp)(μ‑tedt)](3)and[Fe_(2)(CO)_(5)(fp)(μ‑tedt)](4).The structures of the newly prepared complexes were elucidated by elemental analysis,NMR,IR,and X‑ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Moreover,single‑crystal X‑ray diffraction analysis confirmed their molecular structures,showing that they contain a di‑iron core ligated by a bridged dithiolate bearing a thiazole moiety and terminal carbonyls.The electrochemical and electrocatalytic proton reduction were probed by cyclic voltammetry,revealing that three complexes can catalyze the reduction of protons to H_(2) under the electrochemical conditions.For comparison,complex 4 possessed the best efficiency with a turnover frequency of 23.5 s^(-1)at 10 mmol·L^(-1)HOAc concentration.In addition,the fungicidal activity of these complexes was also investigated in this study.CCDC:2477511,2;2477512,3;2477513,4.
文摘Two new linear furocoumarins were isolated from Notopterygium incisum using silica gel,gel Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography,and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography.The structures of the new compounds were elucidated through analysis of spectroscopic evidence,including data obtained from high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(HRESIMS)and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR).The absolute configurations of Notoprenylate L(1)and Nototerprinol K(2)were further confirmed using electronic circular dichroism(ECD)calculations.Compound 1 demonstrated the ability to inhibit the expression of nitric oxide(NO),a pro-inflammatory factor,in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 macrophages at a concentration of 7.5μmol/L,indicating its potential for anti-inflammatory activity.
文摘Chitosan(CTS)was grafted onto the surface of amino‑functionalized silver chloride silicon dioxide(AgCl@SiO_(2)‑NH_(2))cores to obtain AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS hybrid nanoparticles.The as‑obtained AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS nanoparticles were chlorinated by NaClO solution to get AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑based chloramine nano‑hybrid materials,denoted as AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.A transmission electron microscope was used to observe the morphology of the as‑prepared samples AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS and AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.At the same time,an X‑ray diffractometer and an infrared spectroscope were utilized to characterize their crystal and chemical structures.Besides,ζpotentials were measured to elucidate the surface modification of AgCl nanoparticles by—NH_(2),the antibacterial mechanism of AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl was investigated by scanning electron microscopy,and Escherichia coli(E.coli)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)were used as the to‑be‑tested strains to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of samples AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS and AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.Findings demonstrate that sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS exhibits a chain‑like structure ascribed to the interaction between—NH_(2),and each AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS hybrid nanoparticle contains several AgCl cores.In the meantime,sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl exhibits excellent antibacterial activity against E.coli and S.aureus,which is attributed to the synergistic antibacterial effect of Ag^(+)and Cl^(-).Sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl with a dosage of 640.00μg·mL^(-1) could completely kill the two kinds of tested bacteria in 12 h of incubation;it retains a high antibacterial efficiency even after 10 cycles of antibacterial tests.
文摘In 2025,I had the honor of delivering keynote speeches at the conferences of the International Society for Diet and Activity Methods in Toronto,Canada,and the International Society of Behavioural Nutrition and Physical Activity in Auckland,Aotearoa,New Zealand.These opportunities prompted deep reflection on scientific research in general,and on physical activity and health research specifically.
基金supported by the Medical Research Council(MR/T030143/1)grant and the University of Manchester。
文摘The mammalian cerebral cortex,despite its variation in brain shape and size,is a stereotypical six-layered structure composed of pyramidal cells,interneurons,astrocytes,microglia,oligodendrocytes,and endothelial cells.During development,these cells differ in their origin,birth timing,and developmental trajectories.Nonetheless,they converge during development,forming nascent cortical circuits crucial for organismal behavior.While the relative proportions of cortical cells vary between regions.
文摘BACKGROUND Postoperative delirium(POD)is a common and serious complication in surgical patients,particularly older adults.Alterations in cholinergic function have been implicated in its pathophysiology.AIM To evaluate the association between preoperative serum cholinesterase(ChE)activity—specifically butyrylcholinesterase(BuChE)and acetylcholinesterase(AChE)—and the risk of POD in adult surgical patients in a meta-analysis.METHODS A systematic search was conducted in PubMed,EMBASE,and Web of Science up to March 28,2025 for studies reporting preoperative serum BuChE or AChE activity in relation to subsequent POD incidence.Standardized mean differences(SMDs)and odds ratios(ORs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were pooled using random-effects models.Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed based on follow-up duration and analytic models.RESULTS Thirteen studies(n=2730 patients)were included.Patients who developed POD had significantly lower preoperative BuChE activity than those who did not(SMD=-0.28;95%CI:-0.39 to-0.16;I^(2)=18%).Higher BuChE activity was associated with a reduced risk of POD(OR per 100 unit increment=0.97;95%CI:0.95-0.99;I2=0%).In contrast,pooled AChE activity did not differ significantly between POD and non-POD groups(SMD=-0.25;95%CI:-0.53 to 0.03;P=0.08;I^(2)=80%),and the ORs per 1 unit increment in AChE activity were not statistically significant(OR=0.98;95%CI:0.95-1.01).CONCLUSION Lower preoperative serum BuChE activity is associated with an increased risk of POD in adults undergoing surgery.BuChE activity may serve as a potential preoperative biomarker for POD risk stratification.
基金Supported by Provincial Key Research Project of Henan Province,No.232102310081.
文摘BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)and obesity(OB)are bidirectionally comorbid conditions with common neurobiological underpinnings.However,the neurocognitive mechanisms of their comorbidity remain poorly understood.AIM To examine regional abnormalities in spontaneous brain activity among patients with MDD-OB comorbidity.METHODS This study adopted a regional homogeneity(ReHo)analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.The study included 149 hospital patients divided into four groups:Patients experiencing their first episode of drug-naive MDD with OB,patients with MDD without OB,and age-and sex-matched healthy individuals with and without OB.Whole-brain ReHo analysis was conducted using SPM12 software and RESTplus toolkits,with group comparisons via ANOVA and post-hoc tests.Correlations between ReHo values and behavioral measures were examined.RESULTS ANOVA revealed significant whole-brain ReHo differences among the four groups in four key regions:The left middle temporal gyrus(MTG.L),right cuneus,left precuneus,and left thalamus.Post-hoc analyses confirmed pairwise differences between all groups across these regions(P<0.05).OB was associated with ReHo alterations in the MTG.L,right cuneus,and left thalamus,whereas abnormalities in the precuneus suggested synergistic pathological mechanisms between MDD and OB.Statistically significant correlations were found between the drive and fun-seeking dimensions of the behavioral activation system,as well as behavioral inhibition and the corresponding ReHo values.CONCLUSION Our findings provide novel evidence for the neuroadaptive mechanisms underlying the MDD-OB comorbidity.Further validation could lead to personalized interventions targeting MTG.L hyperactivity and targeting healthy food cues.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.21977083].
文摘The single-atom replacement strategy is a typical approach which just converts elements in lead compounds into their analogues with very small chemical changes.In this research,we implemented this strategy to modify the sulfonamide scaffold identified in our previous work,and resulting in the synthesis of 40 novel sulfonamide derivatives not previously reported in the literature.The insecticidal activities of these compounds against the Mythimna separata and Plutella xylostella were assessed.Our findings indicate that the pyridine sulfonamide structure significantly enhances insecticidal efficacy.Specifically,compound 7c exhibited LC 50 values of 0.157 and 0.256 mg/mL against the M.separata and P.xylostella,which significantly increased 97-and 41-fold compared to celangulin V,respectively.The experimental results revealed that pyridine sulfonamide analogues could serve as potential green insecticides.
基金supported by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2026R765),Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Human Activity Recognition(HAR)is a novel area for computer vision.It has a great impact on healthcare,smart environments,and surveillance while is able to automatically detect human behavior.It plays a vital role in many applications,such as smart home,healthcare,human computer interaction,sports analysis,and especially,intelligent surveillance.In this paper,we propose a robust and efficient HAR system by leveraging deep learning paradigms,including pre-trained models,CNN architectures,and their average-weighted fusion.However,due to the diversity of human actions and various environmental influences,as well as a lack of data and resources,achieving high recognition accuracy remain elusive.In this work,a weighted average ensemble technique is employed to fuse three deep learning models:EfficientNet,ResNet50,and a custom CNN.The results of this study indicate that using a weighted average ensemble strategy for developing more effective HAR models may be a promising idea for detection and classification of human activities.Experiments by using the benchmark dataset proved that the proposed weighted ensemble approach outperformed existing approaches in terms of accuracy and other key performance measures.The combined average-weighted ensemble of pre-trained and CNN models obtained an accuracy of 98%,compared to 97%,96%,and 95%for the customized CNN,EfficientNet,and ResNet50 models,respectively.
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health for the Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research(award No.P20GM144269)support from the Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health(award No.KL2TR002367)supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health(award No.TL1TR002368)。
文摘Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns worldwide due to their association with many chronic health conditions.This has resulted in the development of various interventions focused on weight loss to reduce the associated health burden.Physical activity is an important lifestyle behavior associated with enhanced health.Evidence supports that many of the benefits of physical activity are realized independent of initial weight status or whether weight loss is achieved,with some benefits additive to what is achieved with weight loss alone.These benefits include enhanced cardiometabolic,brain,cognitive and psychological health,and others.Moreover,in adults with overweight or obesity,physical activity has independent effects on cardiorespiratory fitness,muscular strength,physical function,and mobility.There are also benefits to body composition,with physical activity improving the quality of key tissues,such as skeletal muscle,which may not occur with diet-induced weight loss.Therefore,physical activity is an important public health target for adults with overweight or obesity to provide a wide range of health benefits that extend beyond those of weight loss alone.However,physical activity recommendations and programming efforts should consider the unique characteristics of adults with overweight or obesity to be most effective,and should support a focus on mobility,physical function,and other health outcomes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82073721)Major Basic Research Project of the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.23KJA310003).
文摘Asplactones A-E(1-5),five unique diphenyl ether hybrids,along with two rare spiro-diphenyl ethers,aspviolaceols A(6)and B(7),were isolated and characterized from Aspergillus sp.F1-8A,an endophytic fungus associated with the parotoid glands of Bufo gargarizans Cantor.Compounds 1-5 represent the first examples of diphenyl ether hybrids fused with unusual moieties,including conjugatedγ-butyrolactone and cyclopentenone.Compounds 6 and 7 are the first known natural spiro-diphenyl ethers,with 6 featuring an uncommon 6/6/6/6-membered carbon skeleton,and 7 possessing a distinct 6/6/6/6/6/6-membered diphenyl ether spiro-heterodimer carbon framework.Structural elucidation was performed using a combination of spectroscopic techniques,X-ray crystallography,and quantum-chemical calculations,and plausible biosynthetic pathways were proposed.Biologically,compounds 1,2,4,6,and 7 exhibited antioxidant activity comparable to or surpassing that of vitamin C in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)(ABTS),and ferric reducing power assays.They also significantly improved cell viability in H2O2-induced oxidative injury assays using A549 cells.
文摘Background:Depression is prevalent among female college students,with eating behavior potentially related to this issue.This study examines the relationship between eating behavior and depression,focusing on the role of social appearance anxiety and physical activity.Methods:We recruited 2161 female college students from nine universities in China via convenience sampling.Data was collected via an online questionnaire.Eating behavior was assessed via the Eating Behavior Scale short form(EBS-SF),depression was measured via the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale(CES-D),social appearance anxiety was evaluated via the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale,and physical activity was assessed via a single-item question.Descriptive statistics were analyzed via SPSS 26.0,and moderated mediation analysis was conducted via PROCESS version 3.5.Results:Unhealthy eating behavior was significantly associated with higher levels of depression(β=0.285,p<0.001).Social appearance anxiety mediated this relationship,accounting for 46%of the total effect(β=0.132,95%CI=[0.108,0.158]).The interaction effect between eating behavior and physical activity was significantly and negatively correlated with depression(β=−0.052,p<0.01).The association between eating behavior and depression was stronger under conditions of low physical activity(β=0.210,p<0.001)than under conditions of high physical activity(β=0.105,p<0.001).Conclusions:Integrating nutritional guidance,body image acceptance training,and exercise promotion into campus mental health programs is crucial for addressing depression in female college students.Future research should use longitudinal designs and broader participant ranges to increase the general applicability of the findings.
文摘Background:Early detection of harmful brain activity in critically ill patients using electroencephalography(EEG)is vital for timely and effective clinical intervention.Automating EEG analysis with deep learning techniques holds significant promise for enhancing diagnostic efficiency and accuracy.Methods:We implemented EfficientNetB2,which leverages convolutional neural networks with a novel Temporal Squeeze-and-Excitation module to capture temporal EEG features,and WaveNet,a sequential model designed to effectively model temporal dependencies in EEG data using dilated causal convolutions and temporal self-attention.Both models were trained and evaluated using a publicly available EEG dataset,with performance assessed via 4-fold cross-validation and a step-wise learning rate reduction strategy.Results:Our results demonstrate a significant reduction in training loss from 0.6459 to 0.3055 and validation loss from 0.9602 to 0.5719 over six epochs.Consistent improvements were observed across cross-validation folds,highlighting the robustness of the models.Additionally,ensemble learning of the two architectures further enhanced classification performance.Conclusion:This comparative analysis sheds light on the strengths and limitations of EfficientNetB2 and WaveNet for automated harmful brain activity detection in EEG signals.The findings contribute to the advancement of reliable and efficient deep learning models,paving the way for their clinical application in managing critically ill patients.
基金financially supported in part by grants from Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project (2023ZD04040)Jiangsu Key Research and Development Program (BE2022384)Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry (CICMCP) (No. 10)
文摘Carotenoids are natural pigments that are widely distributed in the flowers,fruits,and seeds of many plant species.These compounds not only endow diverse colors but also exhibit antioxidant,immune-modulatory,anti-aging,and photoprotective properties.Although carotenoid metabolism has been studied extensively in microbial and plant science,the genetic mechanisms underlying carotenoid metabolism in cotton remain underexplored.Here,we isolated gene GbDYA that regulates a dark-yellow anther color by map-based cloning using a BC1F1 population derived from a cross of Gossypium barbadense acc.Hai7124 with dark-yellow anthers and G.hirsutum acc.TM-1 with light-yellow anthers backcrossed with TM-1.GbDYA encodes phytoene synthase,a key rate-limiting enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway.A long terminal repeat retrotransposon in the first exon of GhDYA(an ortholog of GbDYA in G.hirsutum acc.TM-1)caused loss of function and led to the light-yellow anther color.GbDYA is predominantly expressed in the early stages of anther development.Transcriptome,RT-qPCR and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that GbDYA influences the synthesis and accumulation of carotenoids in anthers by modulating expression of key genes in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway.Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses indicated that the accumulation of lutein,violaxanthin,antherxanthin,cryptoxanthin,zeaxanthin,andβ-carotene contributed to yellow coloration of anthers.Dual-luciferase and yeast one-hybrid assays confirmed that transcription factor GbMYB105(GB_A11G3511)binds to the promoter of GbDYA and activates its expression.High-temperature stress treatment indicated that carotenoids accumulation in anthers enhances pollen antioxidant activity.This study unravels the role of GbDYA in conferring the anther coloration,and provides the potential utilization by modulating accumulation of carotenoids in anthers to enhance pollen viability in high-temperature tolerance breeding in cotton.
基金supported by the SECIHTI project PDCPN-2015-266,México.
文摘Acalypha gaumeri(Euphorbiaceae)is the only endemic species of the genus in the Yucatan Peninsula.It is dioecious and has antifungal properties against various phytopathogens.In the present study,molecular identification of A.gaumeri was performed using the rbcL region,confirming its belonging to the Acalypha genus.Its genetic diversity was evaluated using 10 SPAR markers(ISSR and DAMD)from 60 individuals collected from female and male plants of the Kiuic,Tinum and Yaxcaba ex-situ populations.The results showed a high level of genetic polymorphism(PIC=0.980)and significant differences among the populations.Ethanol and aqueous extracts from leaves,stems,and roots of both genders and three populations were evaluated against three phytopathogenic fungi.Only the ethanol extracts of the roots showed inhibitory antifungal activity,whereas Kiuic and Tinum,both male and female individuals,showed inhibitory effects at 1000μg/mL against the three pathogens.The ethanol extract of the female flowering plant of Kiuic showed activity at minimum inhibitory concentrations of 250μg/mL against Alternaria chrysanthemi CICY004 and 500μg/mL against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides CICY002 and Penicillium oxalicum ITC25.Chromatographic profile of the ethanol extracts confirmed the presence of alkaloidal components in the ex-situ cultivated plants,which were analyzed by HPLC.The results revealed that the peaks at T_(R) of 7.60,7.88,and 8.49 min were the most abundant components(9.95%-21.93%),with differences between female and male plants of the three populations.This research confirms that A.gaumeri cultivated and genetically characterized is a potential raw material to develop an eco-friendly product for the control of fungal diseases in crops.
