Background Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis(S.Enteritidis)is a global foodborne pathogen that poses a significant threat to human health,with poultry being the primary reservoir host.Therefore,addressing S.Ente...Background Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis(S.Enteritidis)is a global foodborne pathogen that poses a significant threat to human health,with poultry being the primary reservoir host.Therefore,addressing S.Enteritidis infections in poultry is crucial to protect human health and the poultry industry.In this study,we investigated the effect of co-housing Arbor Acres(AA)chickens,a commercial breed susceptible to S.Enteritidis,with Tibetan chickens,a local breed resistant to S.Enteritidis infection,on the resistance of the latter to the pathogen.Results Ninety-six 1-day-old Tibetan chickens and 961-day-old AA chickens were divided into a Tibetan chicken housed alone group(n=48),an AA chicken housed alone group(n=48),and a co-housed group(48 birds from each breed for 2 cages).All birds were provided the same diet,and the experimental period lasted 14 d.At d 7,all chickens were infected with S.Enteritidis,and samples were collected at 1-,3-,and 7-day-post-infection.We found that the body weight of AA chickens significantly increased when co-housed with Tibetan chickens at 1-and 3-day-post-infection(P<0.05).In addition,the cecal S.Enteritidis load in AA chickens was significantly reduced at 1-,3-,and 7-day-post-infection(P<0.05).Furthermore,the inflammatory response in AA chickens decreased,as evidenced by the decreased expression of proinflammatory cytokines NOS2,TNF-α,IL-8,IL-1β,and IFN-γin their cecal tonsils(P<0.05).Co-housing with Tibetan chickens significantly increased the height of villi and number of goblet cells(P<0.05),as well as the expression of claudin-1(P<0.05),a tight junction protein,in the jejunum of AA chickens.Further analysis revealed that co-housing altered the gut microbiota composition in AA chickens;specifically,the relative abundances of harmful microbes,such as Intestinimonas,Oscillibacter,Tuzzerella,Anaerotruncus,Paludicola,and Anaerofilum were reduced(P<0.05).Conclusions Our findings indicate that co-housing with Tibetan chickens enhanced the resistance of AA chickens to S.Enteritidis infection without compromising the resistance of Tibetan chickens.This study provides a novel approach for Salmonella control in practical poultry production.展开更多
As one of Shakespeare＇s four great tragedies, King Lear stands as a classic masterpiece firmly in world literary history. The Lear story goes through many retellings, among which Jane Smiley＇s A Thousand Acres prove...As one of Shakespeare＇s four great tragedies, King Lear stands as a classic masterpiece firmly in world literary history. The Lear story goes through many retellings, among which Jane Smiley＇s A Thousand Acres proves to be a successful one. Though exhibited from different perspectives, the two stories have something in common the ironies arising from father-daughter conflicts. In the way of an intertextual comparison, the paper analyzes the ironies from father-daughter conflicts with an aim of digging out deep meaning from behind in a new angle. It f＇mds out that the ironies shared by the two works help to increase the tragic atmosphere and reveal a lot of truths underneath the lines.展开更多
This article explores the impact of the three-dimensional cultivation mode on the development of the Suzhou tea industry,focusing on the diversified estimation of the value of output per acre and sales mode.It introdu...This article explores the impact of the three-dimensional cultivation mode on the development of the Suzhou tea industry,focusing on the diversified estimation of the value of output per acre and sales mode.It introduces the history and traditional cultivation practices of tea in Suzhou,as well as the current challenges and problems faced by the industry.An in-depth analysis was conducted on the overview and improvement plans of the three-dimensional cultivation mode,covering relevant technical methods.Based on this analysis,the impact of the three-dimensional cultivation on the value of output per acre was studied and predicted.Its potential and advantages were explored and compared with the effectiveness of traditional cultivation models.Additionally,the impact of the three-dimensional cultivation mode on sales was analyzed,examining its market adaptability and competitiveness,as well as its advantages in expanding sales channels and market coverage.The study also focused on the promoting effect of diversified sales models on the Suzhou tea industry,including direct consumption market development,tea processing product development and promotion,and the integration of tea culture and the tourism industry.To ensure sustainable development,the article evaluates the environmental impact,economic feasibility,social benefits,and farmer benefits of the three-dimensional cultivation model.Finally,the prospects for the development of the Suzhou tea industry were discussed,and the positioning and response strategies of the threedimensional cultivation model were proposed.展开更多
ONE October morning this year, the Zhejiang Museum of Natural History presented an extraordinary sight. An art exhibition on the second floor displayed a row of arrestingpaintings that were a stark contrast to the typ...ONE October morning this year, the Zhejiang Museum of Natural History presented an extraordinary sight. An art exhibition on the second floor displayed a row of arrestingpaintings that were a stark contrast to the typical Chi nese ink paintings with their homogenous style. These were a collage of a wide variety of materials - sand, shells, straw, newspapers, cottonwoot iron tablets, woodshavings and even hair.展开更多
Background:Acre has reported the highest incidence of American cutaneous leishmaniasis(ACL)in Brazil in recent years.The present study seeks to identify high and low risk agglomerations of ACL in space and space-time ...Background:Acre has reported the highest incidence of American cutaneous leishmaniasis(ACL)in Brazil in recent years.The present study seeks to identify high and low risk agglomerations of ACL in space and space-time during the period from 2007 to 2013 in Acre,and also to characterize the occurrence of the disease in time and according to sociodemographic variables.Methods:This is an ecological study,the study population of which consisted of autochthonous ACL cases notified in the municipalities of Acre by an epidemiological surveillance system.Scan statistics of SaTScan^(TM)software were used to identify spatial and space-time clusters.In addition,the cases were characterized by sex,age,home situation(in a rural or urban area),and temporal tendency.Results:Acre reported an incidence rate of 12.4 cases per 10000 inhabitant-years in the study period,with the rates varied greatly(standard deviation of 21.8)among their 22 municipalities.One agglomeration of high risk and three of low risk were detected in space and space-time.Four of the five micro-regions of Acre presented a stationary temporal tendency.The profile of transmission varied according to the micro-region.Generally speaking,the disease occurred more often among young people,those of male gender,and those living in rural areas.Conclusions:Acre has stood out within the Brazilian national context due to its high rates of ACL incidence in the central region of the Acre Valley.The high rates in the micro-region of Brasileia are related to the disease’s intra/peridomiciliary occurrence,and it would seem that the municipality of Sena Madureira is approaching a transmission pattern similar to that of Brasileia.In other micro-regions,the profile of the disease’s transmission is mainly related to the forest/sylvatic cycle of ACL.展开更多
基金supported by the Earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Grant No.CARS-41-G01).
文摘Background Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis(S.Enteritidis)is a global foodborne pathogen that poses a significant threat to human health,with poultry being the primary reservoir host.Therefore,addressing S.Enteritidis infections in poultry is crucial to protect human health and the poultry industry.In this study,we investigated the effect of co-housing Arbor Acres(AA)chickens,a commercial breed susceptible to S.Enteritidis,with Tibetan chickens,a local breed resistant to S.Enteritidis infection,on the resistance of the latter to the pathogen.Results Ninety-six 1-day-old Tibetan chickens and 961-day-old AA chickens were divided into a Tibetan chicken housed alone group(n=48),an AA chicken housed alone group(n=48),and a co-housed group(48 birds from each breed for 2 cages).All birds were provided the same diet,and the experimental period lasted 14 d.At d 7,all chickens were infected with S.Enteritidis,and samples were collected at 1-,3-,and 7-day-post-infection.We found that the body weight of AA chickens significantly increased when co-housed with Tibetan chickens at 1-and 3-day-post-infection(P<0.05).In addition,the cecal S.Enteritidis load in AA chickens was significantly reduced at 1-,3-,and 7-day-post-infection(P<0.05).Furthermore,the inflammatory response in AA chickens decreased,as evidenced by the decreased expression of proinflammatory cytokines NOS2,TNF-α,IL-8,IL-1β,and IFN-γin their cecal tonsils(P<0.05).Co-housing with Tibetan chickens significantly increased the height of villi and number of goblet cells(P<0.05),as well as the expression of claudin-1(P<0.05),a tight junction protein,in the jejunum of AA chickens.Further analysis revealed that co-housing altered the gut microbiota composition in AA chickens;specifically,the relative abundances of harmful microbes,such as Intestinimonas,Oscillibacter,Tuzzerella,Anaerotruncus,Paludicola,and Anaerofilum were reduced(P<0.05).Conclusions Our findings indicate that co-housing with Tibetan chickens enhanced the resistance of AA chickens to S.Enteritidis infection without compromising the resistance of Tibetan chickens.This study provides a novel approach for Salmonella control in practical poultry production.
文摘As one of Shakespeare＇s four great tragedies, King Lear stands as a classic masterpiece firmly in world literary history. The Lear story goes through many retellings, among which Jane Smiley＇s A Thousand Acres proves to be a successful one. Though exhibited from different perspectives, the two stories have something in common the ironies arising from father-daughter conflicts. In the way of an intertextual comparison, the paper analyzes the ironies from father-daughter conflicts with an aim of digging out deep meaning from behind in a new angle. It f＇mds out that the ironies shared by the two works help to increase the tragic atmosphere and reveal a lot of truths underneath the lines.
基金Suzhou Agricultural Vocational and Technical College Young Teachers Research Ability Enhancement Program“Research and Screening of Bacteria for Fermented Beverages of Vice Tea and Loquat Flower”(Project No.QN[2022]01)。
文摘This article explores the impact of the three-dimensional cultivation mode on the development of the Suzhou tea industry,focusing on the diversified estimation of the value of output per acre and sales mode.It introduces the history and traditional cultivation practices of tea in Suzhou,as well as the current challenges and problems faced by the industry.An in-depth analysis was conducted on the overview and improvement plans of the three-dimensional cultivation mode,covering relevant technical methods.Based on this analysis,the impact of the three-dimensional cultivation on the value of output per acre was studied and predicted.Its potential and advantages were explored and compared with the effectiveness of traditional cultivation models.Additionally,the impact of the three-dimensional cultivation mode on sales was analyzed,examining its market adaptability and competitiveness,as well as its advantages in expanding sales channels and market coverage.The study also focused on the promoting effect of diversified sales models on the Suzhou tea industry,including direct consumption market development,tea processing product development and promotion,and the integration of tea culture and the tourism industry.To ensure sustainable development,the article evaluates the environmental impact,economic feasibility,social benefits,and farmer benefits of the three-dimensional cultivation model.Finally,the prospects for the development of the Suzhou tea industry were discussed,and the positioning and response strategies of the threedimensional cultivation model were proposed.
文摘ONE October morning this year, the Zhejiang Museum of Natural History presented an extraordinary sight. An art exhibition on the second floor displayed a row of arrestingpaintings that were a stark contrast to the typical Chi nese ink paintings with their homogenous style. These were a collage of a wide variety of materials - sand, shells, straw, newspapers, cottonwoot iron tablets, woodshavings and even hair.
基金This study had financial support from CAPES(Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel).
文摘Background:Acre has reported the highest incidence of American cutaneous leishmaniasis(ACL)in Brazil in recent years.The present study seeks to identify high and low risk agglomerations of ACL in space and space-time during the period from 2007 to 2013 in Acre,and also to characterize the occurrence of the disease in time and according to sociodemographic variables.Methods:This is an ecological study,the study population of which consisted of autochthonous ACL cases notified in the municipalities of Acre by an epidemiological surveillance system.Scan statistics of SaTScan^(TM)software were used to identify spatial and space-time clusters.In addition,the cases were characterized by sex,age,home situation(in a rural or urban area),and temporal tendency.Results:Acre reported an incidence rate of 12.4 cases per 10000 inhabitant-years in the study period,with the rates varied greatly(standard deviation of 21.8)among their 22 municipalities.One agglomeration of high risk and three of low risk were detected in space and space-time.Four of the five micro-regions of Acre presented a stationary temporal tendency.The profile of transmission varied according to the micro-region.Generally speaking,the disease occurred more often among young people,those of male gender,and those living in rural areas.Conclusions:Acre has stood out within the Brazilian national context due to its high rates of ACL incidence in the central region of the Acre Valley.The high rates in the micro-region of Brasileia are related to the disease’s intra/peridomiciliary occurrence,and it would seem that the municipality of Sena Madureira is approaching a transmission pattern similar to that of Brasileia.In other micro-regions,the profile of the disease’s transmission is mainly related to the forest/sylvatic cycle of ACL.
