Ablation experiments of A950 Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP), as a kind of typical matrix of fibre reinforced polymer composites, are carried out in this paper. Data on the ablation of A950 LCP by excimer laser at 24...Ablation experiments of A950 Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP), as a kind of typical matrix of fibre reinforced polymer composites, are carried out in this paper. Data on the ablation of A950 LCP by excimer laser at 248 nm are presented. The experimental results show that the ablation depth is a linear function of the number of pulse at constant laser fluence, The ablation rate varies with the logorithm of the fluence in a linear manner at different fluences. A satisfactory linear relationship is found between ablation energy and incident fluence. Perhaps due to the plume absorption and thermal effect, the ablation rate varies complicatedly with pulse repetition frequency.展开更多
in this paper, an experimental research the effect of ablating material on the reflection and the transmission of microwaves in arc-heated plasma flow is presented by using the C band microwave measuring system. The ...in this paper, an experimental research the effect of ablating material on the reflection and the transmission of microwaves in arc-heated plasma flow is presented by using the C band microwave measuring system. The results show that the ablating material with accidented surface and its high temperature have remarkably affected the reflection and the transmission of microwaves. The experiment proves that the system has outstanding precision and reliability.展开更多
Radiofrequency ablation(RFA),particularly endoscopic ultrasound-guided RFA(EUS-RFA),has emerged as a promising minimally invasive approach for the treatment of pancreatic cancer,especially in patients with locally adv...Radiofrequency ablation(RFA),particularly endoscopic ultrasound-guided RFA(EUS-RFA),has emerged as a promising minimally invasive approach for the treatment of pancreatic cancer,especially in patients with locally advanced or unresectable disease.This review outlines recent technological developments in EUS-RFA,including innovations in energy delivery systems,probe design,and real-time thermal monitoring,which have improved the precision and safety of the procedure.Clinical studies combining EUS-RFA with chemotherapy have demonstrated encouraging outcomes,with improvements in overall survival,progression-free survival,tumor necrosis,and symptom control compared to chemotherapy alone.Additionally,RFA-induced tumor antigen release and modulation of the tumor microenvironment suggest a potential synergistic role with immunotherapy.Despite its promise,the widespread adoption of EUS-RFA is limited by a lack of large-scale randomized controlled trials and standardized treatment protocols.展开更多
BACKGROUND Data comparing the outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)ablation by multibipolar radiofrequency ablation(mbp-RFA)and microwave ablation(MWA)are lacking.This study compares safety and efficacy of the two...BACKGROUND Data comparing the outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)ablation by multibipolar radiofrequency ablation(mbp-RFA)and microwave ablation(MWA)are lacking.This study compares safety and efficacy of the two techniques in treatment-naive HCC.AIM To compare the risk of local tumor progression(LTP)according to the technique;secondary endpoints included technique efficacy rate at one-month,overall survival and major complication rate.METHODS A bi-institutional retrospective analysis of patients undergoing treatment-naive HCC ablation by either technique was performed.Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to compare the two groups.Mixed effects multivariate Cox regression was applied to identify risk factors for LTP.RESULTS A total of 362 patients(mean age,66.1±6.2 years,308 men)were included,of which 242(323 tumors)treated by mbp-RFA and 120(168 tumors)by MWA.After a median follow-up of 27 months,cumulative LTP was 11.4%after mbp-RFA and 25.2%after MWA.Independent risk factors for LTP at multivariate analysis were MWA(hazard ratio=2.85,P<0.001)and tumor size(hazard ratio=1.08,P<0.001).Two-year LTP-free survival was higher after mbp-RFA than MWA regardless of size(<3 cm:96%vs 87.1%,P<0.01;≥3 cm:87.5%vs 74%,P=0.04).Technique efficacy rate was higher after mbp-RFA(94.1%vs 87.5%,P=0.01).No difference was observed in major complication rate(9.5%vs 7.5%,P=0.59),nor 5-year overall survival(63.6%vs 58.3%,P=0.33).CONCLUSION Mbp-RFA leads to better local tumor control of treatment-naïve HCC than MWA regardless of tumor size and has better primary efficacy,while maintaining a comparable safety profile.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)with lung oligometastases,particularly in the presence of extrapulmonary disease,poses considerable therapeutic challenges in clinical practice.We have carefully studied the multicenter study by ...Colorectal cancer(CRC)with lung oligometastases,particularly in the presence of extrapulmonary disease,poses considerable therapeutic challenges in clinical practice.We have carefully studied the multicenter study by Hu et al,which evaluated the survival outcomes of patients with metastatic CRC who received image-guided thermal ablation(IGTA).These findings provide valuable clinical evidence supporting IGTA as a feasible,minimally invasive approach and underscore the prognostic significance of metastatic distribution.However,the study by Hu et al has several limitations,including that not all pulmonary lesions were pathologically confirmed,postoperative follow-up mainly relied on dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography,no comparative analysis was performed with other local treatments,and the impact of other imaging features on efficacy and prognosis was not evaluated.Future studies should include complete pathological confirmation,integrate functional imaging and radiomics,and use prospective multicenter collaboration to optimize patient selection standards for IGTA treatment,strengthen its clinical evidence base,and ultimately promote individualized decision-making for patients with metastatic CRC.展开更多
Over the past ten years,numerous papers have been published on the use of indocyanine green(ICG)fluorescence in liver surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).There are many different applications.The first involves ...Over the past ten years,numerous papers have been published on the use of indocyanine green(ICG)fluorescence in liver surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).There are many different applications.The first involves targeting superficial tumors in patients with macronodular cirrhosis and an irregular liver surface.In a minimally invasive setting,the lack of tactile feedback on the hepatic surface makes detecting subcapsular HCC with ultrasound alone challenging.ICG fusion images can mimic the tactile feedback of the hand and act as an ultrasound booster.ICG fluorescence can be used to evaluate tumor residues after minimally invasive thermal ablation.ICG fluorescence imaging can also be used to identify the grade of HCC early on and evaluate the microinvasive component.展开更多
To improve the application and service of C_(f)/SiC composites as advanced hightemperature structural materials,it is critical to achieve their high-efficiency and low-damage machining.In this study,the laser-ablating...To improve the application and service of C_(f)/SiC composites as advanced hightemperature structural materials,it is critical to achieve their high-efficiency and low-damage machining.In this study,the laser-ablating assisted grinding(LAAG)method was presented,and the connection of damage behavior and removal mechanism with laser and grinding processes was revealed.The results demonstrated that the surface of C_(f)/SiC composites after laser ablation was covered with a substantial number of loose oxides primarily composed of SiO2.Laser ablating process,grinding parameter and abrasive belt selection have a significant impact on the machining results.By fabricating an ablative layer with small laser scanning spacing,and selecting small abrasive grains and feed rate during grinding,the machinability was improved and a relatively lowerdamage grinding surface could be obtained.Under the optimal combination of process parameters,the grinding force and temperature of LAAG could be reduced by up to 85%and 35%,respectively.In this case,the subsurface damage of C_(f)/SiC composites occurred only in the form of microcracks rather large-scale fracture,and the formation of interface debonding and matrix cracking was significantly reduced.Furthermore,the grinding chips were mostly shown as micron-sized powders,indicating that the removal mechanism of C_(f)/SiC composites was primarily the microfractured and attrition wear of laser-ablated layer.展开更多
Stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)under a new ignition path that combines the advantages of direct-drive(DD)and indirect-drive(ID)schemes is investigated experimentally at the Shenguang-100 kJ facility.The results show ...Stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)under a new ignition path that combines the advantages of direct-drive(DD)and indirect-drive(ID)schemes is investigated experimentally at the Shenguang-100 kJ facility.The results show that collective SRS in the plasma produced by ablating a polyimide film is detected for the ID beams,but is suppressed by adding a toe before the main pulse of the ID beams.The toe also strongly influences SRS of both the ID and DD beams excited in the plasma generated in the hohlraum.When a toe is used,the SRS spectra of the DD beams show that SRS tends to be excited in lower plasma density,which will result in a lower risk of super-hot electrons.Measurements of hot electrons support this conclusion.This research will help us produce a better pulse design for this new ignition path.展开更多
BACKGROUND Duodenal mucosal ablation(DMA)using irreversible electroporation(IRE)with a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist has been clinically shown to reduce liver lipid deposition in non-alcoholic fatty liver d...BACKGROUND Duodenal mucosal ablation(DMA)using irreversible electroporation(IRE)with a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist has been clinically shown to reduce liver lipid deposition in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).However,the specific metabolic contributions of DMA using IRE in NAFLD remain unclear.AIM To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of DMA using IRE in NAFLD rat models.METHODS Seven-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent DMA using IRE after 8 weeks on a high-fat diet.Two weeks post-treatment,duodenal and liver tissues and blood samples were collected.We evaluated differences in the duodenal wall structure,liver lipid deposition,enteroendocrine,claudin,and zonula ocludens-1 in the duodenal mucosa.RESULTS DMA using IRE could be safely performed in rats with NAFLD without duodenal bleeding,perforation,or stenosis.The duodenum healed well 2 weeks after DMA and was characterized by slimmer villi,narrower and shallower crypts,and thicker myenterons compared with the sham-control setting.Liver lipid deposition was reduced and serum lipid index parameters were considerably improved in the DMA setting.However,these improvements were independent of food intake and weight loss.In addition,enteroendocrine parameters,such as claudin,and zonula ocludens-1 levels in the duodenal mucosa,differed between the different settings in the DMA group.CONCLUSION By altering enteroendocrine and duodenal permeability,simple DMA using IRE ameliorated liver lipid deposition and improved serum lipid parameters in NAFLD rats.展开更多
Multicomponent(Hf-Zr-Ta)B_(2)potentially provides improved ablation resistance compared with silicon-based ceramics.Here we deposited(Hf_(0.5-x/2)Zr_(0.5-x/2)Ta_(x))B_(2)(x=0,0.1,and 0.2)coatings onto C/C com-posites,...Multicomponent(Hf-Zr-Ta)B_(2)potentially provides improved ablation resistance compared with silicon-based ceramics.Here we deposited(Hf_(0.5-x/2)Zr_(0.5-x/2)Ta_(x))B_(2)(x=0,0.1,and 0.2)coatings onto C/C com-posites,and investigated their ablation behaviors under an oxyacetylene torch with a heat flux of 2.4 MW m^(-2).It was observed that the x=0.1 oxide scale bulged but was denser,and the x=0.2 oxide scale was blown away due to the formation of excessive liquid.Based on these findings,we further de-veloped a duplex(Hf-Zr-Ta)B_(2)coating that showed a linear recession rate close to zero(0.11μm s^(-1))after two 120-s ablation cycles.It is identified that the resulting oxide scale is mainly composed of(Hf,Zr)_(6)Ta_(2)O_(17)and(Hf,Zr,Ta)O_(2)by performing aberration-corrected(scanning)transmission electron microscopy.The protective mechanism is related to the peritectic transformation of orthorhombic-(Hf,Zr)_(6)Ta_(2)O_(17)to tetragonal-(Hf,Zr,Ta)O_(2)plus Ta-dominated liquid.This study contributes to the develop-ment of Ta-containing multicomponent UHTC bulk and coatings for ultra-high temperature applications.展开更多
This editorial comments on a study by Zuo et al.The focus is on the efficacy of he-patic arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with camrelizumab and apatinib(the TRIPLET regimen),alongside microwave ablation therapy...This editorial comments on a study by Zuo et al.The focus is on the efficacy of he-patic arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with camrelizumab and apatinib(the TRIPLET regimen),alongside microwave ablation therapy,in treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).The potential application of this combination therapy for patients with advanced HCC is evaluated.展开更多
To improve the compactness and properties of C/C-SiC-ZrC composites produced by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis(PIP)method,the low-temperature reactive melt infiltration(RMI)process was used to seal the composite...To improve the compactness and properties of C/C-SiC-ZrC composites produced by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis(PIP)method,the low-temperature reactive melt infiltration(RMI)process was used to seal the composites using Zr_(2)Cu as the filler.The microstructure,mechanical properties,and ablation properties of the Zr_(2)Cu packed composites were analyzed.Results show that during Zr_(2)Cu impregnation,the melt efficiently fills the large pores of the composites and is converted to ZrCu due to a partial reaction of zirconium with carbon.This results in an increase in composite density from 1.91 g/cm^(3)to 2.24 g/cm^(3)and a reduction in open porosity by 27.35%.Additionally,the flexural strength of Zr_(2)Cu packed C/C-SiC-ZrC composites is improved from 122.78±8.09 MPa to 135.53±5.40 MPa.After plasma ablation for 20 s,the modified composites demonstrate superior ablative resistance compared to PIP C/C-SiC-ZrC,with mass ablation and linear ablation rates of 2.77×10^(−3)g/s and 2.60×10^(−3)mm/s,respectively.The“selftranspiration”effect of the low-melting point copper-containing phase absorbs the heat of the plasma flame,further reducing the ablation temperature and promoting the formation of refined ZrO_(2)particles within the SiO_(2)melting layer.This provides more stable erosion protection for Zr_(2)Cu packed C/C-SiC-ZrC composites.展开更多
Ultrasound-guided percutaneous thermal ablation has gained popularity as treatment for malignant hepatic tumors.It was first introduced as ablation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis comorbidity.Recent...Ultrasound-guided percutaneous thermal ablation has gained popularity as treatment for malignant hepatic tumors.It was first introduced as ablation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis comorbidity.Recently,this technique has also been used in the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma for patients who are not eligible for surgical resection.There are several types of thermal ablation techniques.Radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation are two common methods that induce necrosis of the lesions.Irreversible electroporation is a relatively new non-thermal technique and is suitable in cases where thermal ablation would be ineffective or dangerous(e.g.,malignant tumors close to vascular or biliary structures).Irreversible electroporation can induce tumoral necrosis without damage to vascular and biliary structures.The aim of this minireview was to describe the safety,efficacy,and clinical indications of these techniques in the treatment of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma who are ineligible for surgery.展开更多
Cryotherapy is a treatment modality that uses extreme cold to destroy unwanted tissue through both immediate and delayed cellular injury.This therapy is increasingly being adopted across various medical specialties du...Cryotherapy is a treatment modality that uses extreme cold to destroy unwanted tissue through both immediate and delayed cellular injury.This therapy is increasingly being adopted across various medical specialties due to its minimally invasive nature and technological advancements that have been made.In the esophagus,cryotherapy is particularly utilized for the management of Barrett esophagus.It has been demonstrated to be effective and safe with potential benefits,such as a reduction in pain,over radiofrequency ablation.Additionally,it might offer a valuable alternative for patients unresponsive to radiofrequency ablation.Cryotherapy is applied for other conditions as well,including esophageal squamous cell neoplasia and malignant dysphagia.More research is needed to gain understanding of the utility in these conditions.Interestingly,cryotherapy has shown the ability to enhance the host’s immune response in reaction to antigens left in situ after treatment.While preclinical data have demonstrated promising results,the immune response is often insufficient to induce tumor regression in the clinical setting.Therefore,there is growing interest in the combination of cryotherapy and immunotherapy where ablation creates an antigen depot,and the immune system is subsequently stimulated.This combination holds promise for the future and potentially opens new doors for a breakthrough in cancer treatment.展开更多
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation,affecting approximately 33 million people globally,is the most common sustained arrhythmia,increasing risks of stroke,heart failure,and mortality.Pulmonary vein isolation via catheter ab...BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation,affecting approximately 33 million people globally,is the most common sustained arrhythmia,increasing risks of stroke,heart failure,and mortality.Pulmonary vein isolation via catheter ablation is a key rhythm control strategy,with cryoballoon ablation(CBA)being a standard thermal method but associated with risks like phrenic nerve palsy(5%-10%),esophageal injury,and vein stenosis.Pulsed field ablation(PFA),a non-thermal technique using electrical pulses for selective electroporation,offers potential for shorter procedures and improved safety.Limited direct comparisons between PFA and CBA necessitate a systematic evaluation of their efficacy and safety.AIM To compare the procedural success,safety,and 1-year arrhythmia-free survival of PFA vs CBA for first-time pulmonary vein isolation in adults with paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation.METHODS A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-compliant systematic review and metaanalysis was conducted,searching PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,and other databases up to August 2025 for comparative studies.Pooled mean difference for continuous outcomes and odds ratio(OR)for dichotomous outcomes were calculated using random-effects models.Study quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale,heterogeneity with I2,and publication bias with funnel plots.RESULTS Seven studies(six cohorts,one randomized controlled trial)were included,with a mean age of approximately 66 years,59%-78%male,and high prevalence of hypertension and diabetes.PFA significantly reduced procedure time(mean difference=-15.24 minutes,95%CI:-16.63 to-13.85,P<0.00001;I2=89%),improved arrhythmia-free survival(OR=1.27,95%CI:1.04-1.55,P=0.02;I2=45%),and lowered phrenic nerve palsy risk(OR=0.17,95%CI:0.04-0.63,P=0.008;I2=0%).No significant differences were found in fluoroscopy time,cardiac tamponade,repeat ablation,or vascular complications.CONCLUSION PFA demonstrates shorter procedure times,reduced phrenic nerve palsy,and better arrhythmia control compared to CBA,with comparable safety profiles.However,evidence is limited by observational study designs,heterogeneity,and potential bias.Large-scale randomized controlled trials with extended follow-up are needed to confirm these findings and guide clinical practice.展开更多
Microgrooves with diverse cross-sections are required in various fields but remain a significant challenge in precision machining,especially for hard-to-machine materials.Patterned laser ablation offers an avenue for ...Microgrooves with diverse cross-sections are required in various fields but remain a significant challenge in precision machining,especially for hard-to-machine materials.Patterned laser ablation offers an avenue for fabricating microgrooves on any material with notably enhanced shape diversity.However,it is hard to precisely control the grooves'cross-sectional profiles due to the complex ablation process,including the diffraction-induced energy distribution variations away from the focal plane and the inconsistent polarization-related energy absorption.These factors complicate the relationship between beam spot shape and ablated groove shape,making it challenging to design appropriate spot shapes for specific groove requirements.Here,we propose an adaptive beam-shaping method for laser spot design to improve microgrooves'shape accuracy.Combining laser diffraction and polarization effects,a profile evolution model of the laser ablation is established to accurately predict groove shapes,guiding the iterative beam-shaping procedure.The beam spot shape is iteratively fine-tuned until the deviation between the simulated and the target grooves'profile meets the accuracy requirements.The grooves'profile deviations are significantly reduced,with the final profile's root mean square error decreased to less than 0.5μm when processing microgrooves with a width of 10μm.Various microgrooves with precise cross-sections,including triangles,trapezoids,and functionally contoured micro structures,are achieved by patterned laser direct writing assisted with the adaptive beam-shaping method.This method paves the way for laser ablation of microgrooves with high shape accuracy for traditional hard-to-machine materials.展开更多
Microwave ablation(MWA)is emerging as a highly effective treatment for colorectal liver metastases(CRLMs).This review explores the advantages of MWA compared to other ablative techniques such as radiofrequency ablatio...Microwave ablation(MWA)is emerging as a highly effective treatment for colorectal liver metastases(CRLMs).This review explores the advantages of MWA compared to other ablative techniques such as radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation and highlights its clinical efficacy,safety,and technical considerations.MWA offers significant benefits,including higher intratumoral temperatures,larger ablation zones,and reduced susceptibility to the heat-sink effect,which make it particularly suitable for tumors near large blood vessels.This review details the patient selection criteria,procedural approaches,and the use of advanced imaging techniques to improve the precision and effectiveness of MWA.Clinical outcomes indicate that MWA achieves high rates of complete tumor ablation and long-term survival with a favorable safety profile.This review is significant because it provides updated insights into the expanding role of MWA in treating unresectable CRLM and its potential as an alternative to surgical resection for resectable tumors.By summarizing recent studies and clinical trials,this review highlights the comparative effectiveness,safety,and integration with systemic therapies of MWA.In conclusion,MWA is a promising treatment option for CRLM and offers outcomes comparable to or better than those of other ablative techniques.Future research should focus on optimizing technical parameters,integrating MWA with systemic therapies,and conducting large-scale randomized controlled trials to establish standardized treatment protocols.Advancing our understanding of MWA will enhance its application and improve long-term survival and quality of life for patients with CRLM.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of endovenous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and laser ablation (EVLA) in the treatment of superficial varicose veins of the lower extremities. Methods: Seventy-eight patients with s...Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of endovenous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and laser ablation (EVLA) in the treatment of superficial varicose veins of the lower extremities. Methods: Seventy-eight patients with superficial varicose veins treated at a hospital between April 2022 and May 2023 were selected and divided into a radiofrequency ablation group (RFA group;39 cases) and a laser ablation group (EVLA group;39 cases) based on the treatment method. Operation time, postoperative recovery duration, venous clinical severity score (VCSS) changes, complication rates, closure rates, and recurrence rates were compared between the groups at 1 month, 3 months, and 12 months postoperatively. The postoperative therapeutic outcomes were comprehensively evaluated. Results: No significant differences in age, gender, disease grade, or disease course were observed between the groups (P > 0.05). The superficial varicose vein closure rate was 100% in both groups at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. At 12 months, the closure rate was 94.87% in the RFA group and 97.43% in the EVLA group, with no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). No significant differences were observed in VCSS changes or complication incidence between the groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Radiofrequency ablation and laser ablation demonstrate comparable efficacy and safety in the treatment of superficial varicose veins of the lower extremities.展开更多
BACKGROUND The feasibility and safety of radiofrequency ablation(RFA)for oligometastatic colorectal liver metastases(CRLM)have been well established.However,the role of RFA in multiple metastases after first-line chem...BACKGROUND The feasibility and safety of radiofrequency ablation(RFA)for oligometastatic colorectal liver metastases(CRLM)have been well established.However,the role of RFA in multiple metastases after first-line chemotherapy failure remains underexplored.AIM To assess long-term survival and factors affecting outcomes of RFA in patients with multiple refractory CRLM.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent ablation of CRLM at our institution between January 2015 and June 2024.A total of 80 patients were included,with 42 individuals receiving single-session ablation and 38 underwent repeat ablation.Enhanced computed tomography imaging was utilized to evaluate procedural efficacy 24 hours post-RFA,followed by follow-up scans every 3-4 months.Progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)rates were compared at endpoint using Kaplan-Meier curves.Cox regression was used to identify the factors associated with OS and PFS.RESULTS The technical success rate was recorded at 98.7%.At endpoint,42(52.5%)patients achieved tumor-free survival,while 28(35%)remained alive with residual tumors present.No significant OS/PFS differences existed between single-session(median follow-up 29.5 months,median PFS 24.5 months)and repeat ablation(30 months,14 months)cohorts(P>0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that larger tumor size(P<0.001)and older age(P=0.01)were associated with worse OS.The median PFS was 13.5 months,with tumor size emerging as the only independent predictor(P=0.04).CONCLUSION For patients with multiple refractory CRLM,both single-session ablation and repeat ablation can increase the proportion of patients achieving tumor-free status.However,careful consideration is necessary for ablation of metastases larger than 2.7 cm.展开更多
Formation of multicomponent ceramics is one of the most promising strategies for enhancing the ablation resistance of ultra-high-temperature carbide ceramics(UHTCCs),while the effects of the elements are the foundatio...Formation of multicomponent ceramics is one of the most promising strategies for enhancing the ablation resistance of ultra-high-temperature carbide ceramics(UHTCCs),while the effects of the elements are the foundation.Here,we reported an elemental synergistic effect by investigating the ablation behavior of three components,including Zr_(1/2)Hf_(1/3)Ti_(1/6)C(ZHTi),Zr_(1/2)Hf_(1/3)Ta_(1/6)C(ZHTa),and Zr_(1/2)Hf_(1/3)Ti_(1/12)Ta_(1/12)C(ZHTT).Results indicate that the Ti-Ta synergistic effect enables ZHTT to exhibit a low recession rate(3.33μm/s)and linear expansion rate(2.00μm/s)of its oxide layer,attributable to enhanced self-healing capability and durable protection.During ablation,outward diffusion of Ti can heal the oxide layer,but results in severe consumption of UHTCCs.Although the low-volatility oxide formed by Ta can reduce the loss rate of the matrix,the negligible outward diffusion of Ta leads to the formation of a porous outer oxide layer.The co-addition of Ti and Ta simultaneously provides effective self-healing and low matrix recession,enabling enhanced ablation resistance of ZHTT.展开更多
文摘Ablation experiments of A950 Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP), as a kind of typical matrix of fibre reinforced polymer composites, are carried out in this paper. Data on the ablation of A950 LCP by excimer laser at 248 nm are presented. The experimental results show that the ablation depth is a linear function of the number of pulse at constant laser fluence, The ablation rate varies with the logorithm of the fluence in a linear manner at different fluences. A satisfactory linear relationship is found between ablation energy and incident fluence. Perhaps due to the plume absorption and thermal effect, the ablation rate varies complicatedly with pulse repetition frequency.
文摘in this paper, an experimental research the effect of ablating material on the reflection and the transmission of microwaves in arc-heated plasma flow is presented by using the C band microwave measuring system. The results show that the ablating material with accidented surface and its high temperature have remarkably affected the reflection and the transmission of microwaves. The experiment proves that the system has outstanding precision and reliability.
文摘Radiofrequency ablation(RFA),particularly endoscopic ultrasound-guided RFA(EUS-RFA),has emerged as a promising minimally invasive approach for the treatment of pancreatic cancer,especially in patients with locally advanced or unresectable disease.This review outlines recent technological developments in EUS-RFA,including innovations in energy delivery systems,probe design,and real-time thermal monitoring,which have improved the precision and safety of the procedure.Clinical studies combining EUS-RFA with chemotherapy have demonstrated encouraging outcomes,with improvements in overall survival,progression-free survival,tumor necrosis,and symptom control compared to chemotherapy alone.Additionally,RFA-induced tumor antigen release and modulation of the tumor microenvironment suggest a potential synergistic role with immunotherapy.Despite its promise,the widespread adoption of EUS-RFA is limited by a lack of large-scale randomized controlled trials and standardized treatment protocols.
文摘BACKGROUND Data comparing the outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)ablation by multibipolar radiofrequency ablation(mbp-RFA)and microwave ablation(MWA)are lacking.This study compares safety and efficacy of the two techniques in treatment-naive HCC.AIM To compare the risk of local tumor progression(LTP)according to the technique;secondary endpoints included technique efficacy rate at one-month,overall survival and major complication rate.METHODS A bi-institutional retrospective analysis of patients undergoing treatment-naive HCC ablation by either technique was performed.Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to compare the two groups.Mixed effects multivariate Cox regression was applied to identify risk factors for LTP.RESULTS A total of 362 patients(mean age,66.1±6.2 years,308 men)were included,of which 242(323 tumors)treated by mbp-RFA and 120(168 tumors)by MWA.After a median follow-up of 27 months,cumulative LTP was 11.4%after mbp-RFA and 25.2%after MWA.Independent risk factors for LTP at multivariate analysis were MWA(hazard ratio=2.85,P<0.001)and tumor size(hazard ratio=1.08,P<0.001).Two-year LTP-free survival was higher after mbp-RFA than MWA regardless of size(<3 cm:96%vs 87.1%,P<0.01;≥3 cm:87.5%vs 74%,P=0.04).Technique efficacy rate was higher after mbp-RFA(94.1%vs 87.5%,P=0.01).No difference was observed in major complication rate(9.5%vs 7.5%,P=0.59),nor 5-year overall survival(63.6%vs 58.3%,P=0.33).CONCLUSION Mbp-RFA leads to better local tumor control of treatment-naïve HCC than MWA regardless of tumor size and has better primary efficacy,while maintaining a comparable safety profile.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)with lung oligometastases,particularly in the presence of extrapulmonary disease,poses considerable therapeutic challenges in clinical practice.We have carefully studied the multicenter study by Hu et al,which evaluated the survival outcomes of patients with metastatic CRC who received image-guided thermal ablation(IGTA).These findings provide valuable clinical evidence supporting IGTA as a feasible,minimally invasive approach and underscore the prognostic significance of metastatic distribution.However,the study by Hu et al has several limitations,including that not all pulmonary lesions were pathologically confirmed,postoperative follow-up mainly relied on dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography,no comparative analysis was performed with other local treatments,and the impact of other imaging features on efficacy and prognosis was not evaluated.Future studies should include complete pathological confirmation,integrate functional imaging and radiomics,and use prospective multicenter collaboration to optimize patient selection standards for IGTA treatment,strengthen its clinical evidence base,and ultimately promote individualized decision-making for patients with metastatic CRC.
文摘Over the past ten years,numerous papers have been published on the use of indocyanine green(ICG)fluorescence in liver surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).There are many different applications.The first involves targeting superficial tumors in patients with macronodular cirrhosis and an irregular liver surface.In a minimally invasive setting,the lack of tactile feedback on the hepatic surface makes detecting subcapsular HCC with ultrasound alone challenging.ICG fusion images can mimic the tactile feedback of the hand and act as an ultrasound booster.ICG fluorescence can be used to evaluate tumor residues after minimally invasive thermal ablation.ICG fluorescence imaging can also be used to identify the grade of HCC early on and evaluate the microinvasive component.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52205444)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.CSTB2022NSCQMSX1128)。
文摘To improve the application and service of C_(f)/SiC composites as advanced hightemperature structural materials,it is critical to achieve their high-efficiency and low-damage machining.In this study,the laser-ablating assisted grinding(LAAG)method was presented,and the connection of damage behavior and removal mechanism with laser and grinding processes was revealed.The results demonstrated that the surface of C_(f)/SiC composites after laser ablation was covered with a substantial number of loose oxides primarily composed of SiO2.Laser ablating process,grinding parameter and abrasive belt selection have a significant impact on the machining results.By fabricating an ablative layer with small laser scanning spacing,and selecting small abrasive grains and feed rate during grinding,the machinability was improved and a relatively lowerdamage grinding surface could be obtained.Under the optimal combination of process parameters,the grinding force and temperature of LAAG could be reduced by up to 85%and 35%,respectively.In this case,the subsurface damage of C_(f)/SiC composites occurred only in the form of microcracks rather large-scale fracture,and the formation of interface debonding and matrix cracking was significantly reduced.Furthermore,the grinding chips were mostly shown as micron-sized powders,indicating that the removal mechanism of C_(f)/SiC composites was primarily the microfractured and attrition wear of laser-ablated layer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12205274,12275251,12105270,12205272,12305262,and 12035002)the National Key Laboratory of Plasma Physics(Grant No.JCKYS2024212803)+2 种基金the Fund of the National Key Laboratory of Plasma Physics(Grant No.6142A04230103)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFA1608400)the National Security Academic Fund(Grant No.U2430207).
文摘Stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)under a new ignition path that combines the advantages of direct-drive(DD)and indirect-drive(ID)schemes is investigated experimentally at the Shenguang-100 kJ facility.The results show that collective SRS in the plasma produced by ablating a polyimide film is detected for the ID beams,but is suppressed by adding a toe before the main pulse of the ID beams.The toe also strongly influences SRS of both the ID and DD beams excited in the plasma generated in the hohlraum.When a toe is used,the SRS spectra of the DD beams show that SRS tends to be excited in lower plasma density,which will result in a lower risk of super-hot electrons.Measurements of hot electrons support this conclusion.This research will help us produce a better pulse design for this new ignition path.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program,No.2023YFF0713700 and No.2023YFF0713705Common Technology R&D Platform of Shaanxi Province,No.2023GXJS-01-1-2the Cyrus Tang Foundation Chung Ying Young Scholars Program.
文摘BACKGROUND Duodenal mucosal ablation(DMA)using irreversible electroporation(IRE)with a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist has been clinically shown to reduce liver lipid deposition in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).However,the specific metabolic contributions of DMA using IRE in NAFLD remain unclear.AIM To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of DMA using IRE in NAFLD rat models.METHODS Seven-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent DMA using IRE after 8 weeks on a high-fat diet.Two weeks post-treatment,duodenal and liver tissues and blood samples were collected.We evaluated differences in the duodenal wall structure,liver lipid deposition,enteroendocrine,claudin,and zonula ocludens-1 in the duodenal mucosa.RESULTS DMA using IRE could be safely performed in rats with NAFLD without duodenal bleeding,perforation,or stenosis.The duodenum healed well 2 weeks after DMA and was characterized by slimmer villi,narrower and shallower crypts,and thicker myenterons compared with the sham-control setting.Liver lipid deposition was reduced and serum lipid index parameters were considerably improved in the DMA setting.However,these improvements were independent of food intake and weight loss.In addition,enteroendocrine parameters,such as claudin,and zonula ocludens-1 levels in the duodenal mucosa,differed between the different settings in the DMA group.CONCLUSION By altering enteroendocrine and duodenal permeability,simple DMA using IRE ameliorated liver lipid deposition and improved serum lipid parameters in NAFLD rats.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Pro-gram of China(Grant No.2021YFA0715803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52293373,52130205,and 52302091)+1 种基金the Joint Fund of Henan Province Science and Technol-ogy R&D Program(No.225200810002)the ND Basic Research Funds of Northwestern Polytechnical University(No.G2022WD).
文摘Multicomponent(Hf-Zr-Ta)B_(2)potentially provides improved ablation resistance compared with silicon-based ceramics.Here we deposited(Hf_(0.5-x/2)Zr_(0.5-x/2)Ta_(x))B_(2)(x=0,0.1,and 0.2)coatings onto C/C com-posites,and investigated their ablation behaviors under an oxyacetylene torch with a heat flux of 2.4 MW m^(-2).It was observed that the x=0.1 oxide scale bulged but was denser,and the x=0.2 oxide scale was blown away due to the formation of excessive liquid.Based on these findings,we further de-veloped a duplex(Hf-Zr-Ta)B_(2)coating that showed a linear recession rate close to zero(0.11μm s^(-1))after two 120-s ablation cycles.It is identified that the resulting oxide scale is mainly composed of(Hf,Zr)_(6)Ta_(2)O_(17)and(Hf,Zr,Ta)O_(2)by performing aberration-corrected(scanning)transmission electron microscopy.The protective mechanism is related to the peritectic transformation of orthorhombic-(Hf,Zr)_(6)Ta_(2)O_(17)to tetragonal-(Hf,Zr,Ta)O_(2)plus Ta-dominated liquid.This study contributes to the develop-ment of Ta-containing multicomponent UHTC bulk and coatings for ultra-high temperature applications.
文摘This editorial comments on a study by Zuo et al.The focus is on the efficacy of he-patic arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with camrelizumab and apatinib(the TRIPLET regimen),alongside microwave ablation therapy,in treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).The potential application of this combination therapy for patients with advanced HCC is evaluated.
基金Open Fund of Zhijian Laboratory,Rocket Force University of Engineering(2024-ZJSYS-KF02-09)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51902028,52272034)+1 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(2023JBGS-15)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Changan University,300102313202,300102312406)。
文摘To improve the compactness and properties of C/C-SiC-ZrC composites produced by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis(PIP)method,the low-temperature reactive melt infiltration(RMI)process was used to seal the composites using Zr_(2)Cu as the filler.The microstructure,mechanical properties,and ablation properties of the Zr_(2)Cu packed composites were analyzed.Results show that during Zr_(2)Cu impregnation,the melt efficiently fills the large pores of the composites and is converted to ZrCu due to a partial reaction of zirconium with carbon.This results in an increase in composite density from 1.91 g/cm^(3)to 2.24 g/cm^(3)and a reduction in open porosity by 27.35%.Additionally,the flexural strength of Zr_(2)Cu packed C/C-SiC-ZrC composites is improved from 122.78±8.09 MPa to 135.53±5.40 MPa.After plasma ablation for 20 s,the modified composites demonstrate superior ablative resistance compared to PIP C/C-SiC-ZrC,with mass ablation and linear ablation rates of 2.77×10^(−3)g/s and 2.60×10^(−3)mm/s,respectively.The“selftranspiration”effect of the low-melting point copper-containing phase absorbs the heat of the plasma flame,further reducing the ablation temperature and promoting the formation of refined ZrO_(2)particles within the SiO_(2)melting layer.This provides more stable erosion protection for Zr_(2)Cu packed C/C-SiC-ZrC composites.
文摘Ultrasound-guided percutaneous thermal ablation has gained popularity as treatment for malignant hepatic tumors.It was first introduced as ablation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis comorbidity.Recently,this technique has also been used in the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma for patients who are not eligible for surgical resection.There are several types of thermal ablation techniques.Radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation are two common methods that induce necrosis of the lesions.Irreversible electroporation is a relatively new non-thermal technique and is suitable in cases where thermal ablation would be ineffective or dangerous(e.g.,malignant tumors close to vascular or biliary structures).Irreversible electroporation can induce tumoral necrosis without damage to vascular and biliary structures.The aim of this minireview was to describe the safety,efficacy,and clinical indications of these techniques in the treatment of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma who are ineligible for surgery.
文摘Cryotherapy is a treatment modality that uses extreme cold to destroy unwanted tissue through both immediate and delayed cellular injury.This therapy is increasingly being adopted across various medical specialties due to its minimally invasive nature and technological advancements that have been made.In the esophagus,cryotherapy is particularly utilized for the management of Barrett esophagus.It has been demonstrated to be effective and safe with potential benefits,such as a reduction in pain,over radiofrequency ablation.Additionally,it might offer a valuable alternative for patients unresponsive to radiofrequency ablation.Cryotherapy is applied for other conditions as well,including esophageal squamous cell neoplasia and malignant dysphagia.More research is needed to gain understanding of the utility in these conditions.Interestingly,cryotherapy has shown the ability to enhance the host’s immune response in reaction to antigens left in situ after treatment.While preclinical data have demonstrated promising results,the immune response is often insufficient to induce tumor regression in the clinical setting.Therefore,there is growing interest in the combination of cryotherapy and immunotherapy where ablation creates an antigen depot,and the immune system is subsequently stimulated.This combination holds promise for the future and potentially opens new doors for a breakthrough in cancer treatment.
文摘BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation,affecting approximately 33 million people globally,is the most common sustained arrhythmia,increasing risks of stroke,heart failure,and mortality.Pulmonary vein isolation via catheter ablation is a key rhythm control strategy,with cryoballoon ablation(CBA)being a standard thermal method but associated with risks like phrenic nerve palsy(5%-10%),esophageal injury,and vein stenosis.Pulsed field ablation(PFA),a non-thermal technique using electrical pulses for selective electroporation,offers potential for shorter procedures and improved safety.Limited direct comparisons between PFA and CBA necessitate a systematic evaluation of their efficacy and safety.AIM To compare the procedural success,safety,and 1-year arrhythmia-free survival of PFA vs CBA for first-time pulmonary vein isolation in adults with paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation.METHODS A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-compliant systematic review and metaanalysis was conducted,searching PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,and other databases up to August 2025 for comparative studies.Pooled mean difference for continuous outcomes and odds ratio(OR)for dichotomous outcomes were calculated using random-effects models.Study quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale,heterogeneity with I2,and publication bias with funnel plots.RESULTS Seven studies(six cohorts,one randomized controlled trial)were included,with a mean age of approximately 66 years,59%-78%male,and high prevalence of hypertension and diabetes.PFA significantly reduced procedure time(mean difference=-15.24 minutes,95%CI:-16.63 to-13.85,P<0.00001;I2=89%),improved arrhythmia-free survival(OR=1.27,95%CI:1.04-1.55,P=0.02;I2=45%),and lowered phrenic nerve palsy risk(OR=0.17,95%CI:0.04-0.63,P=0.008;I2=0%).No significant differences were found in fluoroscopy time,cardiac tamponade,repeat ablation,or vascular complications.CONCLUSION PFA demonstrates shorter procedure times,reduced phrenic nerve palsy,and better arrhythmia control compared to CBA,with comparable safety profiles.However,evidence is limited by observational study designs,heterogeneity,and potential bias.Large-scale randomized controlled trials with extended follow-up are needed to confirm these findings and guide clinical practice.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52375438)the Guangdong Talent Project(Grant No.2023TQ07Z453)+1 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Programs(Grant Nos.JCYJ20220818100408019 and JSGG20220831101401003)Jiangyin-SUSTech Innovation Fund。
文摘Microgrooves with diverse cross-sections are required in various fields but remain a significant challenge in precision machining,especially for hard-to-machine materials.Patterned laser ablation offers an avenue for fabricating microgrooves on any material with notably enhanced shape diversity.However,it is hard to precisely control the grooves'cross-sectional profiles due to the complex ablation process,including the diffraction-induced energy distribution variations away from the focal plane and the inconsistent polarization-related energy absorption.These factors complicate the relationship between beam spot shape and ablated groove shape,making it challenging to design appropriate spot shapes for specific groove requirements.Here,we propose an adaptive beam-shaping method for laser spot design to improve microgrooves'shape accuracy.Combining laser diffraction and polarization effects,a profile evolution model of the laser ablation is established to accurately predict groove shapes,guiding the iterative beam-shaping procedure.The beam spot shape is iteratively fine-tuned until the deviation between the simulated and the target grooves'profile meets the accuracy requirements.The grooves'profile deviations are significantly reduced,with the final profile's root mean square error decreased to less than 0.5μm when processing microgrooves with a width of 10μm.Various microgrooves with precise cross-sections,including triangles,trapezoids,and functionally contoured micro structures,are achieved by patterned laser direct writing assisted with the adaptive beam-shaping method.This method paves the way for laser ablation of microgrooves with high shape accuracy for traditional hard-to-machine materials.
基金Supported by the Joint Medical Scientific Research Project of Chongqing Science and Technology Committee and Chongqing Health Committee,No.2021MSXM308.
文摘Microwave ablation(MWA)is emerging as a highly effective treatment for colorectal liver metastases(CRLMs).This review explores the advantages of MWA compared to other ablative techniques such as radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation and highlights its clinical efficacy,safety,and technical considerations.MWA offers significant benefits,including higher intratumoral temperatures,larger ablation zones,and reduced susceptibility to the heat-sink effect,which make it particularly suitable for tumors near large blood vessels.This review details the patient selection criteria,procedural approaches,and the use of advanced imaging techniques to improve the precision and effectiveness of MWA.Clinical outcomes indicate that MWA achieves high rates of complete tumor ablation and long-term survival with a favorable safety profile.This review is significant because it provides updated insights into the expanding role of MWA in treating unresectable CRLM and its potential as an alternative to surgical resection for resectable tumors.By summarizing recent studies and clinical trials,this review highlights the comparative effectiveness,safety,and integration with systemic therapies of MWA.In conclusion,MWA is a promising treatment option for CRLM and offers outcomes comparable to or better than those of other ablative techniques.Future research should focus on optimizing technical parameters,integrating MWA with systemic therapies,and conducting large-scale randomized controlled trials to establish standardized treatment protocols.Advancing our understanding of MWA will enhance its application and improve long-term survival and quality of life for patients with CRLM.
基金supported by the 2024 University Scientific Research Project of Guangzhou Education Bureau(Project No.24312286Certificate No.gd20249983112).
文摘Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of endovenous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and laser ablation (EVLA) in the treatment of superficial varicose veins of the lower extremities. Methods: Seventy-eight patients with superficial varicose veins treated at a hospital between April 2022 and May 2023 were selected and divided into a radiofrequency ablation group (RFA group;39 cases) and a laser ablation group (EVLA group;39 cases) based on the treatment method. Operation time, postoperative recovery duration, venous clinical severity score (VCSS) changes, complication rates, closure rates, and recurrence rates were compared between the groups at 1 month, 3 months, and 12 months postoperatively. The postoperative therapeutic outcomes were comprehensively evaluated. Results: No significant differences in age, gender, disease grade, or disease course were observed between the groups (P > 0.05). The superficial varicose vein closure rate was 100% in both groups at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. At 12 months, the closure rate was 94.87% in the RFA group and 97.43% in the EVLA group, with no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). No significant differences were observed in VCSS changes or complication incidence between the groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Radiofrequency ablation and laser ablation demonstrate comparable efficacy and safety in the treatment of superficial varicose veins of the lower extremities.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82027803 and No.81971623Key Research and Development Project of Zhejiang Province,No.2024C03092.
文摘BACKGROUND The feasibility and safety of radiofrequency ablation(RFA)for oligometastatic colorectal liver metastases(CRLM)have been well established.However,the role of RFA in multiple metastases after first-line chemotherapy failure remains underexplored.AIM To assess long-term survival and factors affecting outcomes of RFA in patients with multiple refractory CRLM.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent ablation of CRLM at our institution between January 2015 and June 2024.A total of 80 patients were included,with 42 individuals receiving single-session ablation and 38 underwent repeat ablation.Enhanced computed tomography imaging was utilized to evaluate procedural efficacy 24 hours post-RFA,followed by follow-up scans every 3-4 months.Progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)rates were compared at endpoint using Kaplan-Meier curves.Cox regression was used to identify the factors associated with OS and PFS.RESULTS The technical success rate was recorded at 98.7%.At endpoint,42(52.5%)patients achieved tumor-free survival,while 28(35%)remained alive with residual tumors present.No significant OS/PFS differences existed between single-session(median follow-up 29.5 months,median PFS 24.5 months)and repeat ablation(30 months,14 months)cohorts(P>0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that larger tumor size(P<0.001)and older age(P=0.01)were associated with worse OS.The median PFS was 13.5 months,with tumor size emerging as the only independent predictor(P=0.04).CONCLUSION For patients with multiple refractory CRLM,both single-session ablation and repeat ablation can increase the proportion of patients achieving tumor-free status.However,careful consideration is necessary for ablation of metastases larger than 2.7 cm.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant numbers[52072410].
文摘Formation of multicomponent ceramics is one of the most promising strategies for enhancing the ablation resistance of ultra-high-temperature carbide ceramics(UHTCCs),while the effects of the elements are the foundation.Here,we reported an elemental synergistic effect by investigating the ablation behavior of three components,including Zr_(1/2)Hf_(1/3)Ti_(1/6)C(ZHTi),Zr_(1/2)Hf_(1/3)Ta_(1/6)C(ZHTa),and Zr_(1/2)Hf_(1/3)Ti_(1/12)Ta_(1/12)C(ZHTT).Results indicate that the Ti-Ta synergistic effect enables ZHTT to exhibit a low recession rate(3.33μm/s)and linear expansion rate(2.00μm/s)of its oxide layer,attributable to enhanced self-healing capability and durable protection.During ablation,outward diffusion of Ti can heal the oxide layer,but results in severe consumption of UHTCCs.Although the low-volatility oxide formed by Ta can reduce the loss rate of the matrix,the negligible outward diffusion of Ta leads to the formation of a porous outer oxide layer.The co-addition of Ti and Ta simultaneously provides effective self-healing and low matrix recession,enabling enhanced ablation resistance of ZHTT.
