Background:To facilitate the preparation of traditional Chinese medicines they are pre-mashed,i.e.,mashed in advance.However,storage conditions for pre-mashed traditional Chinese medicines are based on subjective judg...Background:To facilitate the preparation of traditional Chinese medicines they are pre-mashed,i.e.,mashed in advance.However,storage conditions for pre-mashed traditional Chinese medicines are based on subjective judgments of pharmacists,and the best storage conditions have not generally been determined.Semen Zizyphi Spinosae is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine,and it is usually used after it is fried.The medicine needs to be mashed in a timely manner to ensure its effectiveness.The Chinese Pharmacopoeia provides a limit for its aflatoxin content.Methods:The orthogonal experimental design method optimizes the best plan for pre-mashed fried Semen Zizyphi Spinosae.Experimental conditions were defined using the L^(9)(3^(4))orthogonal design table.Four factors and three levels were used to study storage conditions.The four factors and three levels are as follows:storage temperature(10°C,20°C,and 30°C),storage humidity(45%,60%,and 75%),storage times(10,20 and 30 days),and particle sizes for the powder(coarsest,coarse and medium powders).The contents of jujuboside A,spinosin,aflatoxin B1,total aflatoxins(aflatoxins B1,B2,G1,and G2),moisture,total ash,acid value,and saponification values were measured.Results:The results demonstrated that the highest jujuboside A and spinosin contents were obtained using a storage temperature of 20°C,a storage humidity of 75%,a storage time of 10 days,and with a coarse powder particle size.Aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxins(aflatoxins B1,B2,G1 and G2)were not detected under these conditions.Conclusion:There is no requirement for traditional Chinese medicines to be pre-mashed.This study evaluated various storage conditions for pre-mashed fried Semen Zizyphi Spinosae,and considered the influence of four factors on the contents of jujuboside A,spinolin and aflatoxin for quality control to provide a reference for other pre-mashed traditional Chinese medicines.展开更多
目的酸枣仁提取物经鼻、经口途径的体内、外入脑行为分析及镇静催眠作用比较。方法建立Calu-3/BMEC和Caco-2/BMEC细胞模型,分别从体外模拟酸枣仁指标成分斯皮诺素经鼻黏膜和经胃肠道吸收入血、入脑过程;考察大鼠经鼻和ig给药,指标成分...目的酸枣仁提取物经鼻、经口途径的体内、外入脑行为分析及镇静催眠作用比较。方法建立Calu-3/BMEC和Caco-2/BMEC细胞模型,分别从体外模拟酸枣仁指标成分斯皮诺素经鼻黏膜和经胃肠道吸收入血、入脑过程;考察大鼠经鼻和ig给药,指标成分在体内的血浆和脑组织分布过程;进一步比较2种给药方式对酸枣仁提取物镇静、催眠作用的影响。结果鼻腔的Calu-3、肠道的Caco-2和血脑屏障的BMEC细胞层对斯皮诺素的跨细胞转运都有阻滞作用,而且模拟体内的多细胞转运过程,进一步加强了阻滞作用;经鼻给药增加斯皮诺素的入血、入脑分布,其药时曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC_(0~t))分别是ig给药的4.8倍(血浆)和5.1倍(脑组织);与ig给药相比,鼻腔给药显著减少了模型小鼠的运动距离(P<0.05),延长了静止时间和睡眠持续时间(P<0.05)。结论经鼻给药可通过直接、间接方式的多种入脑通路增加酸枣仁提取物入脑含量,并增强其镇静催眠作用。展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning(No.20174Y0034)the Third batch of specialized subject construction of traditional Chinese medicine in Jiading District-Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.2020-JDZYYZDXK-01).
文摘Background:To facilitate the preparation of traditional Chinese medicines they are pre-mashed,i.e.,mashed in advance.However,storage conditions for pre-mashed traditional Chinese medicines are based on subjective judgments of pharmacists,and the best storage conditions have not generally been determined.Semen Zizyphi Spinosae is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine,and it is usually used after it is fried.The medicine needs to be mashed in a timely manner to ensure its effectiveness.The Chinese Pharmacopoeia provides a limit for its aflatoxin content.Methods:The orthogonal experimental design method optimizes the best plan for pre-mashed fried Semen Zizyphi Spinosae.Experimental conditions were defined using the L^(9)(3^(4))orthogonal design table.Four factors and three levels were used to study storage conditions.The four factors and three levels are as follows:storage temperature(10°C,20°C,and 30°C),storage humidity(45%,60%,and 75%),storage times(10,20 and 30 days),and particle sizes for the powder(coarsest,coarse and medium powders).The contents of jujuboside A,spinosin,aflatoxin B1,total aflatoxins(aflatoxins B1,B2,G1,and G2),moisture,total ash,acid value,and saponification values were measured.Results:The results demonstrated that the highest jujuboside A and spinosin contents were obtained using a storage temperature of 20°C,a storage humidity of 75%,a storage time of 10 days,and with a coarse powder particle size.Aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxins(aflatoxins B1,B2,G1 and G2)were not detected under these conditions.Conclusion:There is no requirement for traditional Chinese medicines to be pre-mashed.This study evaluated various storage conditions for pre-mashed fried Semen Zizyphi Spinosae,and considered the influence of four factors on the contents of jujuboside A,spinolin and aflatoxin for quality control to provide a reference for other pre-mashed traditional Chinese medicines.
文摘目的酸枣仁提取物经鼻、经口途径的体内、外入脑行为分析及镇静催眠作用比较。方法建立Calu-3/BMEC和Caco-2/BMEC细胞模型,分别从体外模拟酸枣仁指标成分斯皮诺素经鼻黏膜和经胃肠道吸收入血、入脑过程;考察大鼠经鼻和ig给药,指标成分在体内的血浆和脑组织分布过程;进一步比较2种给药方式对酸枣仁提取物镇静、催眠作用的影响。结果鼻腔的Calu-3、肠道的Caco-2和血脑屏障的BMEC细胞层对斯皮诺素的跨细胞转运都有阻滞作用,而且模拟体内的多细胞转运过程,进一步加强了阻滞作用;经鼻给药增加斯皮诺素的入血、入脑分布,其药时曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC_(0~t))分别是ig给药的4.8倍(血浆)和5.1倍(脑组织);与ig给药相比,鼻腔给药显著减少了模型小鼠的运动距离(P<0.05),延长了静止时间和睡眠持续时间(P<0.05)。结论经鼻给药可通过直接、间接方式的多种入脑通路增加酸枣仁提取物入脑含量,并增强其镇静催眠作用。
