[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of biochar-based fertilizer on high yield and quality of green pepper(Zanthoxylum armatum var.novemfolius)and soil nutrient status.[Methods]With green pe...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of biochar-based fertilizer on high yield and quality of green pepper(Zanthoxylum armatum var.novemfolius)and soil nutrient status.[Methods]With green pepper and pepper field soil as the research subjects,four treatments were set up,namely,conventional fertilization(T_(1)),conventional fertilization+biochar(T_(2)),biochar-based fertilizer 1(T_(3)),and biochar-based fertilizer 2(T_(4)).[Results]The application of biochar-based fertilizer increased green pepper yield by 9.37%-51.12%,with the order of increase being T_(4)>T_(3)>T_(2)>T_(1).In terms of soil nutrients,biochar-based fertilizer raised soil pH by 6.67%-53.33%,with the order of increase being T_(3)>T_(4)>T_(2)>T_(1).The initially strongly acidic soil gradually shifted to weakly acidic and approached neutral,indicating significantly improved soil acidity.The application of biochar-based fertilizer increased the contents of soil organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,available copper,available zinc,available iron,and available manganese.It significantly enhanced green pepper yield,improved soil acidity,and elevated soil nutrient levels.Considering yield,nutrient uptake,and soil nutrient content,biochar-based fertilizer 2(T_(4))was identified as the optimal treatment.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for improving green pepper yield and soil amendment.展开更多
As an important spice species in Rutaceae, the Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum armatum) can provide pungent and numbing taste, as well as aroma in its mature fruit. Here we assembled a chromosome-level genome of green pri...As an important spice species in Rutaceae, the Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum armatum) can provide pungent and numbing taste, as well as aroma in its mature fruit. Here we assembled a chromosome-level genome of green prickly ash which was widely cultivated in a major production area including Chongqing and Sichuan province, China. We generated 712 Gb (~112×) PacBio long reads and 511 Gb (~82×) Hi-C data, and yielded an assembly of 99 pseudochromosomes with total size of 5.32 Gb and contig N50 of 796 kb. The genomic analyses and cytogenetic experiments both indicated that the cultivarZhuye Huajiao’ was a triploid. We identified a Zanthoxylum-specific whole genome duplication event emerging about 24.8 million years ago (Mya). We also detected a transposition burst event (0.3-0.4 Mya) responsible for the large genome size of Z. armatum. Metabolomic analysis of the Zanthoxylum fruits during development stages revealed profiles of39 volatile aroma compounds and 528 secondary metabolites, from which six types of sanshools were identified. Based on metabolomic and transcriptomic network analysis, we screened candidate genes encoding long chain acyl-CoA synthetase, fatty acid desaturase,branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase involved in sanshool biosynthesis and three genes encoding terpene synthase during fruit development. The multi-omics data provide insights into the evolution of Zanthoxylum and molecular basis of numbing and aroma flavor of Sichuan pepper.展开更多
In this study,newly sprouted shoots of Zanthoxylum armatum(Z.armatum),which were collected after the harvesting period,were used as the primary experimental specimens.A randomized block design and paraffin sectioning ...In this study,newly sprouted shoots of Zanthoxylum armatum(Z.armatum),which were collected after the harvesting period,were used as the primary experimental specimens.A randomized block design and paraffin sectioning method were used to investigate the flower bud differentiation process and the quantity and vitality of buds.Furthermore,the study examined the response of flowering and fruiting to cultivation methods for shoot growth,including layering and plant growth regulator application.The results showed that(a)layering and application of plant growth regulators for Z.armatum accelerated the process of flower bud differentiation by approximately 20 days compared to the control group.Additionally,both shoot control methods generated more and larger bud primordia and perianth primordia during the same differentiation phase.(b)The application of plant growth regulators resulted in well-developed buds,exhibiting higher levels of flower bud differentiation than the layering method.The quality of flower bud formation for both shoot control methods was superior to that of the control group.(c)The flowering phenological period was relatively consistent between the two cultivation methods,but the fruit maturity phase for shoot-controlled trees occurred 20 days earlier than the control group.(d)Both layering and the application of plant growth regulators significantly decreased the rates of unfertilized flower shedding and fruit shedding.However,no significant difference was noted in fruit setting per inflorescence and per flower between the two methods and the control.The effect of altitude for both methods on the fruit setting was not significant.Under both shoot control methods,the Z.armatum exhibited earlier morphological differentiation of flower buds,faster differentiation process,improved flower bud quality,and significantly decreased rates of flower and fruit shedding.Thus,these cultivation methods demonstrated the potential to promote flowering,improve fruit setting,and reduce fruit shedding in Z.armatum.展开更多
Endophytic fungus is a rich source of bioactive metabolites with multiple activities.In the present study,eight endophytic fungal strains(Z-1 to Z-8)from Zanthoxylum armatum DC.were isolated and identified,and the ant...Endophytic fungus is a rich source of bioactive metabolites with multiple activities.In the present study,eight endophytic fungal strains(Z-1 to Z-8)from Zanthoxylum armatum DC.were isolated and identified,and the anti-inflammatory effect of their extracts was evaluated in vitro.The results showed that four endophytic fungal extracts(Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht.(Z-1),Alternaria arborescens E.G Simmons(Z-3),Mucor fragilis Bainier(Z-4)and Aspergillus terreus Thom(Z-6))displayed good activities in inhibition of excessive production of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-activated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells.Among them,the extracts of Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht showed the maximum inhibition activity with a half maximal inhibitory concentration of 174.0μg/m L.The underlying mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht extract was associated with its inhibition on the release of several inflammatory factors.The m RNA expression of interleukin 1β,interleukin 6,inducible nitric oxide synthase in lipopolysaccharide-activated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells were all inhibited by Z-1 extract detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction.In summary,several endophytic fungal from Zanthoxylum armatum have good anti-inflammatory activity and Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht possesses a promising potential to be developed to a novel anti-inflammatory agent.展开更多
The essential oil of Zanthoxylum armatum was extracted through hydro distillation and analyzed by GC-MS. Hydrocarbon fraction (17.35%) of the oil was much lower and oxygenated compounds comprised fairly high portion o...The essential oil of Zanthoxylum armatum was extracted through hydro distillation and analyzed by GC-MS. Hydrocarbon fraction (17.35%) of the oil was much lower and oxygenated compounds comprised fairly high portion of essential oil (39.21%). Percentages of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes found were 47.33% and 10.83% respectively. Oxygenated monoterpenes comprised major profile of chromatogram of essential oil of Zanthoxylum armatum i.e. 37.23% where as monoterpene hydrocarbons were 10.09%. Alcoholic percentage was much higher i.e. 26.76% and 15-hexadecanoloide (6.58%) the only cyclic ester was found in relatively high percentage.展开更多
Bioactive compounds derived from plant natural compounds have proven to be valuable sources of metabolites which can seldom be obtained from other sources. Plants belonging to the genus Zanthoxylum have been valued ac...Bioactive compounds derived from plant natural compounds have proven to be valuable sources of metabolites which can seldom be obtained from other sources. Plants belonging to the genus Zanthoxylum have been valued across various cultures for their curative properties. Zanthoxylum armatum DC., belonging to the family Rutaceae is extensively used in traditional practices in North-Eastern India and neighbouring regions including South-East Asia. However, the potential cytogenetic effects of Zanthoxylum armatum under in vivo conditions, and their causative mechanisms have not yet been studied in detail. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of aqueous extracts of fruits of Z. armatum under in vivo conditions using the Allium test. Physiological and cellular data indicate that the extracts induce clumped chromosomes at metaphase stage of cell division coupled with mitotic arrest. Electron microscopy data reveal membrane damage of cellular organelles, chromatin condensation and chromatin marginalisation in cell of roots incubated in the extracts. The extracts also induce concentration dependent protein precipitation and genomic DNA degradation.展开更多
研究自然阴干、自然晒干、热风干燥(hot air drying,HD)和真空冷冻干燥(vacuum freeze drying,VFD)对藤椒品质和风味物质的影响。结果表明,VFD处理后藤椒在色泽、山椒素含量等品质上均优于其他3种干燥方式;HD处理后的水分含量结果稍高...研究自然阴干、自然晒干、热风干燥(hot air drying,HD)和真空冷冻干燥(vacuum freeze drying,VFD)对藤椒品质和风味物质的影响。结果表明,VFD处理后藤椒在色泽、山椒素含量等品质上均优于其他3种干燥方式;HD处理后的水分含量结果稍高于另外3种处理方式;在所有干燥方式的藤椒中,HD处理后的风味物质种类最多,有38种,而VFD处理后的藤椒的风味物质含量最高,为2235.407 mg/mL;并且根据风味物质建立偏最小二乘判别分析模型,计算变量投影重要性值,筛选出藤椒受不同干燥方式影响显著的22种关键风味差异物质,分别是松油醇、桧酮、4-萜烯醇、α-松油醇等烯醇酮类物质。根据研究结果综合考量VFD在干燥过程中对鲜藤椒的色泽、水分含量和风味物质保留方面都有较好的结果。该研究结果可为鲜藤椒干燥技术的选择和应用提供数据支持。展开更多
基金Supported by General Project of Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Demonstration(Social People s Livelihood Category)(cstc2018jscx-msybX0215)Horizontal Project of Chongqing Agricultural Technology Extension Station(WLHX-2021-0113).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of biochar-based fertilizer on high yield and quality of green pepper(Zanthoxylum armatum var.novemfolius)and soil nutrient status.[Methods]With green pepper and pepper field soil as the research subjects,four treatments were set up,namely,conventional fertilization(T_(1)),conventional fertilization+biochar(T_(2)),biochar-based fertilizer 1(T_(3)),and biochar-based fertilizer 2(T_(4)).[Results]The application of biochar-based fertilizer increased green pepper yield by 9.37%-51.12%,with the order of increase being T_(4)>T_(3)>T_(2)>T_(1).In terms of soil nutrients,biochar-based fertilizer raised soil pH by 6.67%-53.33%,with the order of increase being T_(3)>T_(4)>T_(2)>T_(1).The initially strongly acidic soil gradually shifted to weakly acidic and approached neutral,indicating significantly improved soil acidity.The application of biochar-based fertilizer increased the contents of soil organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,available copper,available zinc,available iron,and available manganese.It significantly enhanced green pepper yield,improved soil acidity,and elevated soil nutrient levels.Considering yield,nutrient uptake,and soil nutrient content,biochar-based fertilizer 2(T_(4))was identified as the optimal treatment.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for improving green pepper yield and soil amendment.
基金supported by the Projects for Innovative Research Groups of Chongqing Universities (Grant No.CXQT21028)Chongqing talent program for Zexiong Chen+2 种基金Scientific Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission (Grant No.KJZD-K201901303)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.31925034)National Key Research and Development Project (Grant No.2019YFD1001200)。
文摘As an important spice species in Rutaceae, the Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum armatum) can provide pungent and numbing taste, as well as aroma in its mature fruit. Here we assembled a chromosome-level genome of green prickly ash which was widely cultivated in a major production area including Chongqing and Sichuan province, China. We generated 712 Gb (~112×) PacBio long reads and 511 Gb (~82×) Hi-C data, and yielded an assembly of 99 pseudochromosomes with total size of 5.32 Gb and contig N50 of 796 kb. The genomic analyses and cytogenetic experiments both indicated that the cultivarZhuye Huajiao’ was a triploid. We identified a Zanthoxylum-specific whole genome duplication event emerging about 24.8 million years ago (Mya). We also detected a transposition burst event (0.3-0.4 Mya) responsible for the large genome size of Z. armatum. Metabolomic analysis of the Zanthoxylum fruits during development stages revealed profiles of39 volatile aroma compounds and 528 secondary metabolites, from which six types of sanshools were identified. Based on metabolomic and transcriptomic network analysis, we screened candidate genes encoding long chain acyl-CoA synthetase, fatty acid desaturase,branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase involved in sanshool biosynthesis and three genes encoding terpene synthase during fruit development. The multi-omics data provide insights into the evolution of Zanthoxylum and molecular basis of numbing and aroma flavor of Sichuan pepper.
基金financially supported by the Southwest Forestry University Research Foundation (No.18210135)the Key Research and Development Program of Yunnan Province,Study and Demonstration on the Key Technology of Improving Quality and Efficiency of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Industry (No.202102AE090013).
文摘In this study,newly sprouted shoots of Zanthoxylum armatum(Z.armatum),which were collected after the harvesting period,were used as the primary experimental specimens.A randomized block design and paraffin sectioning method were used to investigate the flower bud differentiation process and the quantity and vitality of buds.Furthermore,the study examined the response of flowering and fruiting to cultivation methods for shoot growth,including layering and plant growth regulator application.The results showed that(a)layering and application of plant growth regulators for Z.armatum accelerated the process of flower bud differentiation by approximately 20 days compared to the control group.Additionally,both shoot control methods generated more and larger bud primordia and perianth primordia during the same differentiation phase.(b)The application of plant growth regulators resulted in well-developed buds,exhibiting higher levels of flower bud differentiation than the layering method.The quality of flower bud formation for both shoot control methods was superior to that of the control group.(c)The flowering phenological period was relatively consistent between the two cultivation methods,but the fruit maturity phase for shoot-controlled trees occurred 20 days earlier than the control group.(d)Both layering and the application of plant growth regulators significantly decreased the rates of unfertilized flower shedding and fruit shedding.However,no significant difference was noted in fruit setting per inflorescence and per flower between the two methods and the control.The effect of altitude for both methods on the fruit setting was not significant.Under both shoot control methods,the Z.armatum exhibited earlier morphological differentiation of flower buds,faster differentiation process,improved flower bud quality,and significantly decreased rates of flower and fruit shedding.Thus,these cultivation methods demonstrated the potential to promote flowering,improve fruit setting,and reduce fruit shedding in Z.armatum.
基金The Key Laboratory of Herbal-Tebitan Drug Screening and Deep Processing of Gansu Province(Grant No.20180807)Undergraduate innovation and entrepreneurship training program of Lanzhou University of Technology(Grant No.DC2020249)。
文摘Endophytic fungus is a rich source of bioactive metabolites with multiple activities.In the present study,eight endophytic fungal strains(Z-1 to Z-8)from Zanthoxylum armatum DC.were isolated and identified,and the anti-inflammatory effect of their extracts was evaluated in vitro.The results showed that four endophytic fungal extracts(Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht.(Z-1),Alternaria arborescens E.G Simmons(Z-3),Mucor fragilis Bainier(Z-4)and Aspergillus terreus Thom(Z-6))displayed good activities in inhibition of excessive production of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-activated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells.Among them,the extracts of Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht showed the maximum inhibition activity with a half maximal inhibitory concentration of 174.0μg/m L.The underlying mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht extract was associated with its inhibition on the release of several inflammatory factors.The m RNA expression of interleukin 1β,interleukin 6,inducible nitric oxide synthase in lipopolysaccharide-activated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells were all inhibited by Z-1 extract detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction.In summary,several endophytic fungal from Zanthoxylum armatum have good anti-inflammatory activity and Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht possesses a promising potential to be developed to a novel anti-inflammatory agent.
文摘The essential oil of Zanthoxylum armatum was extracted through hydro distillation and analyzed by GC-MS. Hydrocarbon fraction (17.35%) of the oil was much lower and oxygenated compounds comprised fairly high portion of essential oil (39.21%). Percentages of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes found were 47.33% and 10.83% respectively. Oxygenated monoterpenes comprised major profile of chromatogram of essential oil of Zanthoxylum armatum i.e. 37.23% where as monoterpene hydrocarbons were 10.09%. Alcoholic percentage was much higher i.e. 26.76% and 15-hexadecanoloide (6.58%) the only cyclic ester was found in relatively high percentage.
文摘Bioactive compounds derived from plant natural compounds have proven to be valuable sources of metabolites which can seldom be obtained from other sources. Plants belonging to the genus Zanthoxylum have been valued across various cultures for their curative properties. Zanthoxylum armatum DC., belonging to the family Rutaceae is extensively used in traditional practices in North-Eastern India and neighbouring regions including South-East Asia. However, the potential cytogenetic effects of Zanthoxylum armatum under in vivo conditions, and their causative mechanisms have not yet been studied in detail. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of aqueous extracts of fruits of Z. armatum under in vivo conditions using the Allium test. Physiological and cellular data indicate that the extracts induce clumped chromosomes at metaphase stage of cell division coupled with mitotic arrest. Electron microscopy data reveal membrane damage of cellular organelles, chromatin condensation and chromatin marginalisation in cell of roots incubated in the extracts. The extracts also induce concentration dependent protein precipitation and genomic DNA degradation.
