Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease that is rampant worldwide,with up to 70%of cases reported to be asymptomatic during epidemics.In this paper,a reaction-diffusion dengue model with asymptomatic carrier transmission i...Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease that is rampant worldwide,with up to 70%of cases reported to be asymptomatic during epidemics.In this paper,a reaction-diffusion dengue model with asymptomatic carrier transmission is investigated.We aim to study the existence,nonexistence and minimum wave speed of traveling wave solutions to the model.The results show that the existence and nonexistence of traveling wave solutions are fully determined by the threshold values,which are,the basic reproduction number R0 and critical wave speed c^(*)>0.Specifically,when R0>1 and the wave speed c≥c^(*),the existence of the traveling wave solution is obtained by using Schauder's fixed point theorem and Lyapunov functional.It is proven that the model has no nontrivial traveling wave solutions for R0≤1 or R0>1 and 0<c<c^(*)by employing comparison principle and limit theory.As a consequence,we conclude that the critical wave speed c^(*)is the minimum wave speed of the model.Finally,numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the effects of several important parameters on the minimum wave speed.展开更多
This paper deals with the monotonicity of limit wave speed c0(h)to a perturbed g KdV equation.We show the decrease of c0(h)by combining the analytic method and the numerical technique.Our results solve a special case ...This paper deals with the monotonicity of limit wave speed c0(h)to a perturbed g KdV equation.We show the decrease of c0(h)by combining the analytic method and the numerical technique.Our results solve a special case of the open question presented by Yan et al.,and the method potentially provides a way to study the monotonicity of c0(h)for general m∈N^(+).展开更多
Water hammer occurs whenever the fluid velocity in vertical lifting pipe systems for deep-sea mining suddenly changes. In this work, the shock wave was proven to play an important role in changing pressures and period...Water hammer occurs whenever the fluid velocity in vertical lifting pipe systems for deep-sea mining suddenly changes. In this work, the shock wave was proven to play an important role in changing pressures and periods, and mathematical and numerical modeling technology was presented for simulated transient pressure in the abnormal pump operation. As volume concentrations were taken into account of shock wave speed, the experiment results about the pressure-time history, discharge-time history and period for the lifting pipe system showed that： as its concentrations rose up, the maximum transient pressure went down, so did its discharges; when its volume concentrations increased gradually, the period numbers of pressure decay were getting less and less, and the corresponding shock wave speed decreased. These results have highly coincided with simulation results. The conclusions are important to design lifting transporting system to prevent water hammer in order to avoid potentially devastating consequences, such as damage to components and equipment and risks to personnel.展开更多
To accurately characterize the shear wave speed dispersion of seafloor sediments in the northern South China Sea,five types of sediments including silty clay,clayey silt,sandy silt,silty sand,and clayey sand were sele...To accurately characterize the shear wave speed dispersion of seafloor sediments in the northern South China Sea,five types of sediments including silty clay,clayey silt,sandy silt,silty sand,and clayey sand were selected,on which the measurements of the shear wave speed at 0.5-2.0 kHz and related physical properties were performed.Results reveal that the shear wave speed of sediments increases as the frequency increases,and the dispersion enhanced in the sediments in the order of silty clay,clayey silt,sandy silt,silty sand,and clayey sand,at a linear change rate of 0.727,0.787,3.32,4.893,and 6.967 m s−1 kHz−1,respectively.Through regression analysis,linear and logarithmic regression equations for the correlation between shear wave speed and frequency were established for each sediment type and the determination coefficients of regression equations indicate that the correlation is closer to a logarithmic relationship.The Grain-Shearing(GS)and Biot-Stoll models were used to calculate the shear wave speed dispersion of the five sediment types,and the comparison between theoretical prediction and measured results of shear wave speeds shows that the GS model can more accurately describe the shear wave speed dispersion characteristics of these sediments in the frequency band of 0.5-2.0 kHz.In the same band,the predictions obtained by using the Biot-Stoll model are significantly different from the measured data.展开更多
Ventilated cavitation plays an important role on the drag reduction of underwater vehicles and surface ships. For the modelling of ventilated cavitation, the minimum speed of the pressure wave is a crucial parameter f...Ventilated cavitation plays an important role on the drag reduction of underwater vehicles and surface ships. For the modelling of ventilated cavitation, the minimum speed of the pressure wave is a crucial parameter for the closure of the pressure-density coupling relationship. In this study, the minimum wave speed is determined based on a theoretical model coupling the wave equation and the bubble interface motion equation. The influences of several paramount parameters （e.g., frequency, bubble radius and void fraction） on the minimum wave speed are quantitatively demonstrated and discussed. Compared with the minimum wave speed in the traditional cavitation, values for the ventilated cavitation are much higher. The physical mechanisms for the above difference are briefly discussed with the suggestions on the usage of the present findings.展开更多
The propagation speed is one of the most important characteristics for describing freak waves. The research of freak wave speed is not only helpful for understanding the generation mechanism and evolution process of f...The propagation speed is one of the most important characteristics for describing freak waves. The research of freak wave speed is not only helpful for understanding the generation mechanism and evolution process of freak waves, but also applicable to the prediction. A stable and accurate method is proposed for the cal- culation of the freak wave speed, in which physical model tests are carried out to measure the motion of the largest wave crest along the wave tank. The linear regression relationship between the spatial position of the largest wave crest and instantaneous moment is established to calculate the speed of totally 248 cases of experimental freak waves and 312 supplementary cases of numerical freak waves. Based on the calculate results, a semitheoretical and semiempirical formula is proposed by using a regression analysis method to predict the speed of the freak wave, and the nonlinear characteristic of the freak wave speed is also investi- gated.展开更多
In this paper, a variational description of the minimal wave speed c(m, f) of wave fronts forthe reaction diffusion equations u_t=u_(xx)+u^mf(u) is given, where m>1 and f(u)～1-u.The continuity of c(m, f) in m and ...In this paper, a variational description of the minimal wave speed c(m, f) of wave fronts forthe reaction diffusion equations u_t=u_(xx)+u^mf(u) is given, where m>1 and f(u)～1-u.The continuity of c(m, f) in m and f is also proved. Especially, for f(u)=1-u, the estimateof the minimal wave speed c(m, f) is obtained.展开更多
This note is devoted to the son＇s blowflies equation with diffusion, a critical speed of traveling waves, we give behavior with respect to the mature age study on the traveling wavefronts to the Nicholtime-delayed re...This note is devoted to the son＇s blowflies equation with diffusion, a critical speed of traveling waves, we give behavior with respect to the mature age study on the traveling wavefronts to the Nicholtime-delayed reaction-diffusion equation. For the a detailed analysis on its location and asymptotic展开更多
In this study, the statistical characterization of sea conditions in the East China Sea(ECS) is investigated by analyzing a significant wave height and wind speed data at a 6-hour interval for 30 years(1980–2009), wh...In this study, the statistical characterization of sea conditions in the East China Sea(ECS) is investigated by analyzing a significant wave height and wind speed data at a 6-hour interval for 30 years(1980–2009), which was simulated and computed using the WAVEWATCH Ⅲ(WW3) model. The monthly variations of these parameters showed that the significant wave height and wind speed have minimum values of 0.73 m and 5.15 ms^(-1) and 1.73 m and 8.24 ms^(-1) in the month of May and December, respectively. The annual, seasonal, and monthly mean sea state characterizations showed that the slight sea generally prevailed in the ECS and had nearly the highest occurrence in all seasons and months. Additionally, the moderate sea prevailed in the winter months of December and January, while the smooth(wavelets) sea prevailed in May. Furthermore, the spatial variation of sea states showed that the calm and smooth sea had the largest occurrences in the northern ECS. The slight sea occurred mostly(above 30%) in parts of the ECS and the surrounding locations, while higher occurrences of the rough and very rough seas were distributed in waters between the southwest ECS and the northeast South China Sea(SCS). The occurrences of the phenomenal sea conditions are insignificant and are distributed in the northwest Pacific and its upper region, which includes the Southern Kyushu-Palau Ridge and Ryukyu Trench.展开更多
With the launch of altimeter,much effort has been made to develop algorithms on the wind speed and the wave period.By using a large data set of collocated altimeter and buoy measurements,the typical wind speed and wav...With the launch of altimeter,much effort has been made to develop algorithms on the wind speed and the wave period.By using a large data set of collocated altimeter and buoy measurements,the typical wind speed and wave period algorithms are validated.Based on theoretical argument and the concept of wave age,a semi-empirical algorithm for the wave period is also proposed,which has the wave-period dimension,and explicitly demonstrates the relationships between the wave period and the other variables.It is found that Ku and C band data should be applied simultaneously in order to improve either wind speed or wave period algorithms.The dual-band algorithms proposed by Chen et al.(2002) for the wind speed and Quilfen et al.(2004) for the wave period perform best in terms of a root mean square error in the practical applications.展开更多
Long-term variations in a sea surface wind speed （WS） and a significant wave height （SWH） are associated with the global climate change, the prevention and mitigation of natural disasters, and an ocean resource ex...Long-term variations in a sea surface wind speed （WS） and a significant wave height （SWH） are associated with the global climate change, the prevention and mitigation of natural disasters, and an ocean resource exploitation, and other activities. The seasonal characteristics of the long-term trends in China＇s seas WS and SWH are determined based on 24 a （1988-2011） cross-calibrated, multi-platform （CCMP） wind data and 24 a hindcast wave data obtained with the WAVEWATCH-III （WW3） wave model forced by CCMP wind data. The results show the following. （1） For the past 24 a, the China＇s WS and SWH exhibit a significant increasing trend as a whole, of 3.38 cm/（s.a） in the WS, 1.3 cm/a in the SWH. （2） As a whole, the increasing trend of the China＇s seas WS and SWH is strongest in March-April-May （MAM） and December-January-February （DJF）, followed by June-July-August （JJA）, and smallest in September-October-November （SON）. （3） The areal extent of significant increases in the WS was largest in MAM, while the area decreased in JJA and DJF; the smallest area was apparent in SON. In contrast to the WS, almost all of China＇s seas exhibited a significant increase in SWH in MAM and DJF; the range was slightly smaller in JJA and SON. The WS and SWH in the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, East China Sea, the Tsushima Strait, the Taiwan Strait, the northern South China Sea, the Beibu Gull and the Gulf of Thailand exhibited a significant increase in all seasons. （4） The variations in China＇s seas SWH and WS depended on the season. The areas with a strong increase usually appeared in DJF.展开更多
Let H > 0 be a constant, g ≥ 0 be a periodic function and Ω ={(x, y) ||x| H + g (y), y ∈R}. We consider a curvature flow equation V = κ + A in Ω, where for a simple curve γt Ω, V denotes its normal velocity,...Let H > 0 be a constant, g ≥ 0 be a periodic function and Ω ={(x, y) ||x| H + g (y), y ∈R}. We consider a curvature flow equation V = κ + A in Ω, where for a simple curve γt Ω, V denotes its normal velocity, κ denotes its curvature and A > 0 is a constant. [1] proved that this equation has a periodic traveling wave U, and that the average speed c of U is increasing in A and H, decreasing in max g' when the scale of g is sufficiently small. In this paper we study the dependence of c on A, H, max g' and on the period of g when the scale of g is large. We show that similar results as [1] hold in certain weak sense.展开更多
In urban flood modeling,so-called porosity shallow water equations(PSWEs),which conceptually account for unresolved structures, e.g.,buildings, are a promising approach to addressing high CPU times associated with sta...In urban flood modeling,so-called porosity shallow water equations(PSWEs),which conceptually account for unresolved structures, e.g.,buildings, are a promising approach to addressing high CPU times associated with state-of-the-art explicit numerical methods. The PSWE can be formulated with a single porosity term, referred to as the single porosity shallow water model(SP model), which accounts for both the reduced storage in the cell and the reduced conveyance, or with two porosity terms: one accounting for the reduced storage in the cell and another accounting for the reduced conveyance. The latter form is referred to as an integral or anisotropic porosity shallow water model(AP model). The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in wave propagation speeds of the SP model and the AP model and the implications of numerical model results. First, augmented Roe-type solutions were used to assess the influence of the source terms appearing in both models. It is shown that different source terms have different influences on the stability of the models. Second, four computational test cases were presented and the numerical models were compared. It is observed in the eigenvalue-based analysis as well as in the computational test cases that the models converge if the conveyance porosity in the AP model is close to the storage porosity. If the porosity values differ significantly, the AP model yields different wave propagation speeds and numerical fluxes from those of the BP model. In this study, the ratio between the conveyance and storage porosities was determined to be the most significant parameter.展开更多
Mono-wave-piercing boats adopt a tumblehome and wave-piercing design which is becoming popular among military vessels and yachts. Published studies on mono-wave-piercing boats mostly focused on motions and stability i...Mono-wave-piercing boats adopt a tumblehome and wave-piercing design which is becoming popular among military vessels and yachts. Published studies on mono-wave-piercing boats mostly focused on motions and stability in waves, or were conducted at low speed. A new high speed mono-wave-piercing boat is developed in this study and model tests have been finished in order to reveal more sailing characters of mono-wave-piercing boats. Special attention is paid to the sailing characters of mono-wave-piercing boats at speed. Model tests include resistance tests in calm water and seakeeping performance tests in regular waves. Available model test results give an insight in the way how the mono-wave-piercing boat runs in calm water and regular waves at speed and are valuable reference for similar and derived design.展开更多
The recent finding that gravitational waves (GW170817) traveled at the same speed as electromagnetic (EM) waves (GRB 170817A) from a binary neutron star merger does not necessarily mean that they traveled throughout t...The recent finding that gravitational waves (GW170817) traveled at the same speed as electromagnetic (EM) waves (GRB 170817A) from a binary neutron star merger does not necessarily mean that they traveled throughout their journey at speed c. Some recent works by the author (2015) Journal of Modern Physics, 6, 78-87, and 1360-1370;(2016), 7, 1829-1844;(2017), 8, 622-635 show that the diminished brightness of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) can be explained by assuming that dark energy, instead of having a negative pressure, has an index of refraction n, causing the speed of light through intergalactic space (IGS) to be reduced to c/n, with? n≈1.5. It follows that GWs (not considered in the previous works) would also travel with speed c/n through IGS. However, speed of GWs and EMWs within galaxies themselves is c. A brief review of the model is given, together with other predictions, e.g., new values for the Hubble constant and age of the universe, and necessary absence of correlation of neutrinos with gamma ray bursts (GRBs), in agreement with numerous searches. In the previous works, there were implications of a unified theory. If the model holds, since GWs would experience the same speed reduction as EMWs, this would further support unification. An improved falsification methodology for a previously proposed astronomical test based on discordant redshifts is given.展开更多
In this work, we show that it is possible to establish coordinate transformations between inertial reference frames in the theory of special relativity with a minimum universal speed of physical transmissions. The est...In this work, we show that it is possible to establish coordinate transformations between inertial reference frames in the theory of special relativity with a minimum universal speed of physical transmissions. The established coordinate transformations, referred to as modified Lorentz transformations because they have almost identical form to the Lorentz transformations, also comply with the requirement of invariance of the Minkowski line element. Particularly, the minimum universal speed can be associated with the phase speed of de Broglie matter wave. As application, we also discuss the possibility to formulate relativistic classical and quantum mechanics for the special relativity associated with the modified Lorentz transformations, which describes physical processes that represent an expansion or a collapsing of massive quantum particles.展开更多
The inverse problems of wave equation to recover unknown space-time dependent functions of wave speed and wave source are solved in this paper, without needing of initial conditions and no internal measurement of data...The inverse problems of wave equation to recover unknown space-time dependent functions of wave speed and wave source are solved in this paper, without needing of initial conditions and no internal measurement of data being required. After a homogenization technique, a sequence of spatial boundary functions at least the fourth-order polynomials are derived, which satisfy the homogeneous boundary conditions. The boundary functions and the zero element constitute a linear space, and then a new boundary functional is proved in the linear space, of which the energy is preserved for each dynamic energetic boundary function. The linear systems and iterative algorithms used to recover unknown wave speed and wave source functions with the dynamic energetic boundary functions as bases are developed, which converge fast at each time step. The input data are parsimonious, merely the measured boundary strains and the boundary values and slopes of unknown functions to be recovered. The accuracy and robustness of present methods are confirmed by comparing exact solutions with estimated results under large noises up to 20%.展开更多
In the present paper, the governing equations of a linear transversely isotropic micropolar piezoelectric medium are specialized for x-z plane after using symmetry relations in constitutive coefficients. These equatio...In the present paper, the governing equations of a linear transversely isotropic micropolar piezoelectric medium are specialized for x-z plane after using symmetry relations in constitutive coefficients. These equations are solved for the general surface wave solutions in the medium. Following radiation conditions in the half-space, the particular solutions are obtained, which satisfy the appropriate boundary conditions at the stress-free surface of the half-space. A secular equation for Rayleigh type surface wave is obtained. An iteration method is applied to compute the non-dimensional wave speed of the Rayleigh surface wave for specific material parameters. The effects of piezoelectricity, non-dimensional frequency and non-dimensional material constant, charge free surface and electrically shorted surface are shown graphically on the wave speed of Rayleigh wave.展开更多
A multiscale simulation has been performed to determine the effect of the cutting speed on the deformation mechanism and cutting forces in nanometric cutting of single crystal copper. The multiscale simulation model, ...A multiscale simulation has been performed to determine the effect of the cutting speed on the deformation mechanism and cutting forces in nanometric cutting of single crystal copper. The multiscale simulation model, which links the finite element method and the molecular dynamics method, captures the atomistic mechanisms during nanometric cutting from the free surface without the computational cost of full atomistic simulations. Simulation results show the material deformation mechanism of single crystal copper greatly changes when the cutting speed exceeds the material static propagation speed of plastic wave. At such a high cutting speed, the average magnitudes of tangential and normal forces increase rapidly. In addition, the variation of strain energy of work material atoms in different cutting speeds is investigated.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12271317,11871316)。
文摘Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease that is rampant worldwide,with up to 70%of cases reported to be asymptomatic during epidemics.In this paper,a reaction-diffusion dengue model with asymptomatic carrier transmission is investigated.We aim to study the existence,nonexistence and minimum wave speed of traveling wave solutions to the model.The results show that the existence and nonexistence of traveling wave solutions are fully determined by the threshold values,which are,the basic reproduction number R0 and critical wave speed c^(*)>0.Specifically,when R0>1 and the wave speed c≥c^(*),the existence of the traveling wave solution is obtained by using Schauder's fixed point theorem and Lyapunov functional.It is proven that the model has no nontrivial traveling wave solutions for R0≤1 or R0>1 and 0<c<c^(*)by employing comparison principle and limit theory.As a consequence,we conclude that the critical wave speed c^(*)is the minimum wave speed of the model.Finally,numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the effects of several important parameters on the minimum wave speed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12071162)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2021J01302)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZQN-802)。
文摘This paper deals with the monotonicity of limit wave speed c0(h)to a perturbed g KdV equation.We show the decrease of c0(h)by combining the analytic method and the numerical technique.Our results solve a special case of the open question presented by Yan et al.,and the method potentially provides a way to study the monotonicity of c0(h)for general m∈N^(+).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50875081)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.20080440992)+1 种基金the Planned Science and Technology Support Project of Hunan Province(Grant No.2009SK3159)Graduate Innovation Fund of Hunan University of Science and Technology(Grant No.S100109)
文摘Water hammer occurs whenever the fluid velocity in vertical lifting pipe systems for deep-sea mining suddenly changes. In this work, the shock wave was proven to play an important role in changing pressures and periods, and mathematical and numerical modeling technology was presented for simulated transient pressure in the abnormal pump operation. As volume concentrations were taken into account of shock wave speed, the experiment results about the pressure-time history, discharge-time history and period for the lifting pipe system showed that： as its concentrations rose up, the maximum transient pressure went down, so did its discharges; when its volume concentrations increased gradually, the period numbers of pressure decay were getting less and less, and the corresponding shock wave speed decreased. These results have highly coincided with simulation results. The conclusions are important to design lifting transporting system to prevent water hammer in order to avoid potentially devastating consequences, such as damage to components and equipment and risks to personnel.
基金supported by the Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China(No.GY0220Q09)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41676055,41527809,42176191,and 41330965)+1 种基金the Opening Fund of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(No.QNLM2016ORP0209)the Taishan Scholar Pro-ject Funding(No.tspd20161007).
文摘To accurately characterize the shear wave speed dispersion of seafloor sediments in the northern South China Sea,five types of sediments including silty clay,clayey silt,sandy silt,silty sand,and clayey sand were selected,on which the measurements of the shear wave speed at 0.5-2.0 kHz and related physical properties were performed.Results reveal that the shear wave speed of sediments increases as the frequency increases,and the dispersion enhanced in the sediments in the order of silty clay,clayey silt,sandy silt,silty sand,and clayey sand,at a linear change rate of 0.727,0.787,3.32,4.893,and 6.967 m s−1 kHz−1,respectively.Through regression analysis,linear and logarithmic regression equations for the correlation between shear wave speed and frequency were established for each sediment type and the determination coefficients of regression equations indicate that the correlation is closer to a logarithmic relationship.The Grain-Shearing(GS)and Biot-Stoll models were used to calculate the shear wave speed dispersion of the five sediment types,and the comparison between theoretical prediction and measured results of shear wave speeds shows that the GS model can more accurately describe the shear wave speed dispersion characteristics of these sediments in the frequency band of 0.5-2.0 kHz.In the same band,the predictions obtained by using the Biot-Stoll model are significantly different from the measured data.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 51506051
文摘Ventilated cavitation plays an important role on the drag reduction of underwater vehicles and surface ships. For the modelling of ventilated cavitation, the minimum speed of the pressure wave is a crucial parameter for the closure of the pressure-density coupling relationship. In this study, the minimum wave speed is determined based on a theoretical model coupling the wave equation and the bubble interface motion equation. The influences of several paramount parameters （e.g., frequency, bubble radius and void fraction） on the minimum wave speed are quantitatively demonstrated and discussed. Compared with the minimum wave speed in the traditional cavitation, values for the ventilated cavitation are much higher. The physical mechanisms for the above difference are briefly discussed with the suggestions on the usage of the present findings.
基金The Science Fund for Innovative Research Groups under contract No.50921001
文摘The propagation speed is one of the most important characteristics for describing freak waves. The research of freak wave speed is not only helpful for understanding the generation mechanism and evolution process of freak waves, but also applicable to the prediction. A stable and accurate method is proposed for the cal- culation of the freak wave speed, in which physical model tests are carried out to measure the motion of the largest wave crest along the wave tank. The linear regression relationship between the spatial position of the largest wave crest and instantaneous moment is established to calculate the speed of totally 248 cases of experimental freak waves and 312 supplementary cases of numerical freak waves. Based on the calculate results, a semitheoretical and semiempirical formula is proposed by using a regression analysis method to predict the speed of the freak wave, and the nonlinear characteristic of the freak wave speed is also investi- gated.
基金This project is supported by the Doctoral Programme Foundation of Institution of Higher Education
文摘In this paper, a variational description of the minimal wave speed c(m, f) of wave fronts forthe reaction diffusion equations u_t=u_(xx)+u^mf(u) is given, where m>1 and f(u)～1-u.The continuity of c(m, f) in m and f is also proved. Especially, for f(u)=1-u, the estimateof the minimal wave speed c(m, f) is obtained.
基金supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada under the NSERC grant RGPIN 354724-08
文摘This note is devoted to the son＇s blowflies equation with diffusion, a critical speed of traveling waves, we give behavior with respect to the mature age study on the traveling wavefronts to the Nicholtime-delayed reaction-diffusion equation. For the a detailed analysis on its location and asymptotic
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC1401405)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41376010)
文摘In this study, the statistical characterization of sea conditions in the East China Sea(ECS) is investigated by analyzing a significant wave height and wind speed data at a 6-hour interval for 30 years(1980–2009), which was simulated and computed using the WAVEWATCH Ⅲ(WW3) model. The monthly variations of these parameters showed that the significant wave height and wind speed have minimum values of 0.73 m and 5.15 ms^(-1) and 1.73 m and 8.24 ms^(-1) in the month of May and December, respectively. The annual, seasonal, and monthly mean sea state characterizations showed that the slight sea generally prevailed in the ECS and had nearly the highest occurrence in all seasons and months. Additionally, the moderate sea prevailed in the winter months of December and January, while the smooth(wavelets) sea prevailed in May. Furthermore, the spatial variation of sea states showed that the calm and smooth sea had the largest occurrences in the northern ECS. The slight sea occurred mostly(above 30%) in parts of the ECS and the surrounding locations, while higher occurrences of the rough and very rough seas were distributed in waters between the southwest ECS and the northeast South China Sea(SCS). The occurrences of the phenomenal sea conditions are insignificant and are distributed in the northwest Pacific and its upper region, which includes the Southern Kyushu-Palau Ridge and Ryukyu Trench.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41076007 and 40676014the National Basic Research Program of China under contract No. 2009CB421201the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities of China under contract No. B07036
文摘With the launch of altimeter,much effort has been made to develop algorithms on the wind speed and the wave period.By using a large data set of collocated altimeter and buoy measurements,the typical wind speed and wave period algorithms are validated.Based on theoretical argument and the concept of wave age,a semi-empirical algorithm for the wave period is also proposed,which has the wave-period dimension,and explicitly demonstrates the relationships between the wave period and the other variables.It is found that Ku and C band data should be applied simultaneously in order to improve either wind speed or wave period algorithms.The dual-band algorithms proposed by Chen et al.(2002) for the wind speed and Quilfen et al.(2004) for the wave period perform best in terms of a root mean square error in the practical applications.
基金The National Basic Research Program of China under contract Nos 2015CB453200,2013CB956200,2012CB957803 and2010CB950400the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41275086 and 41475070
文摘Long-term variations in a sea surface wind speed （WS） and a significant wave height （SWH） are associated with the global climate change, the prevention and mitigation of natural disasters, and an ocean resource exploitation, and other activities. The seasonal characteristics of the long-term trends in China＇s seas WS and SWH are determined based on 24 a （1988-2011） cross-calibrated, multi-platform （CCMP） wind data and 24 a hindcast wave data obtained with the WAVEWATCH-III （WW3） wave model forced by CCMP wind data. The results show the following. （1） For the past 24 a, the China＇s WS and SWH exhibit a significant increasing trend as a whole, of 3.38 cm/（s.a） in the WS, 1.3 cm/a in the SWH. （2） As a whole, the increasing trend of the China＇s seas WS and SWH is strongest in March-April-May （MAM） and December-January-February （DJF）, followed by June-July-August （JJA）, and smallest in September-October-November （SON）. （3） The areal extent of significant increases in the WS was largest in MAM, while the area decreased in JJA and DJF; the smallest area was apparent in SON. In contrast to the WS, almost all of China＇s seas exhibited a significant increase in SWH in MAM and DJF; the range was slightly smaller in JJA and SON. The WS and SWH in the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, East China Sea, the Tsushima Strait, the Taiwan Strait, the northern South China Sea, the Beibu Gull and the Gulf of Thailand exhibited a significant increase in all seasons. （4） The variations in China＇s seas SWH and WS depended on the season. The areas with a strong increase usually appeared in DJF.
文摘Let H > 0 be a constant, g ≥ 0 be a periodic function and Ω ={(x, y) ||x| H + g (y), y ∈R}. We consider a curvature flow equation V = κ + A in Ω, where for a simple curve γt Ω, V denotes its normal velocity, κ denotes its curvature and A > 0 is a constant. [1] proved that this equation has a periodic traveling wave U, and that the average speed c of U is increasing in A and H, decreasing in max g' when the scale of g is sufficiently small. In this paper we study the dependence of c on A, H, max g' and on the period of g when the scale of g is large. We show that similar results as [1] hold in certain weak sense.
文摘In urban flood modeling,so-called porosity shallow water equations(PSWEs),which conceptually account for unresolved structures, e.g.,buildings, are a promising approach to addressing high CPU times associated with state-of-the-art explicit numerical methods. The PSWE can be formulated with a single porosity term, referred to as the single porosity shallow water model(SP model), which accounts for both the reduced storage in the cell and the reduced conveyance, or with two porosity terms: one accounting for the reduced storage in the cell and another accounting for the reduced conveyance. The latter form is referred to as an integral or anisotropic porosity shallow water model(AP model). The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in wave propagation speeds of the SP model and the AP model and the implications of numerical model results. First, augmented Roe-type solutions were used to assess the influence of the source terms appearing in both models. It is shown that different source terms have different influences on the stability of the models. Second, four computational test cases were presented and the numerical models were compared. It is observed in the eigenvalue-based analysis as well as in the computational test cases that the models converge if the conveyance porosity in the AP model is close to the storage porosity. If the porosity values differ significantly, the AP model yields different wave propagation speeds and numerical fluxes from those of the BP model. In this study, the ratio between the conveyance and storage porosities was determined to be the most significant parameter.
基金the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University(No.GKZD010061)
文摘Mono-wave-piercing boats adopt a tumblehome and wave-piercing design which is becoming popular among military vessels and yachts. Published studies on mono-wave-piercing boats mostly focused on motions and stability in waves, or were conducted at low speed. A new high speed mono-wave-piercing boat is developed in this study and model tests have been finished in order to reveal more sailing characters of mono-wave-piercing boats. Special attention is paid to the sailing characters of mono-wave-piercing boats at speed. Model tests include resistance tests in calm water and seakeeping performance tests in regular waves. Available model test results give an insight in the way how the mono-wave-piercing boat runs in calm water and regular waves at speed and are valuable reference for similar and derived design.
文摘The recent finding that gravitational waves (GW170817) traveled at the same speed as electromagnetic (EM) waves (GRB 170817A) from a binary neutron star merger does not necessarily mean that they traveled throughout their journey at speed c. Some recent works by the author (2015) Journal of Modern Physics, 6, 78-87, and 1360-1370;(2016), 7, 1829-1844;(2017), 8, 622-635 show that the diminished brightness of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) can be explained by assuming that dark energy, instead of having a negative pressure, has an index of refraction n, causing the speed of light through intergalactic space (IGS) to be reduced to c/n, with? n≈1.5. It follows that GWs (not considered in the previous works) would also travel with speed c/n through IGS. However, speed of GWs and EMWs within galaxies themselves is c. A brief review of the model is given, together with other predictions, e.g., new values for the Hubble constant and age of the universe, and necessary absence of correlation of neutrinos with gamma ray bursts (GRBs), in agreement with numerous searches. In the previous works, there were implications of a unified theory. If the model holds, since GWs would experience the same speed reduction as EMWs, this would further support unification. An improved falsification methodology for a previously proposed astronomical test based on discordant redshifts is given.
文摘In this work, we show that it is possible to establish coordinate transformations between inertial reference frames in the theory of special relativity with a minimum universal speed of physical transmissions. The established coordinate transformations, referred to as modified Lorentz transformations because they have almost identical form to the Lorentz transformations, also comply with the requirement of invariance of the Minkowski line element. Particularly, the minimum universal speed can be associated with the phase speed of de Broglie matter wave. As application, we also discuss the possibility to formulate relativistic classical and quantum mechanics for the special relativity associated with the modified Lorentz transformations, which describes physical processes that represent an expansion or a collapsing of massive quantum particles.
文摘The inverse problems of wave equation to recover unknown space-time dependent functions of wave speed and wave source are solved in this paper, without needing of initial conditions and no internal measurement of data being required. After a homogenization technique, a sequence of spatial boundary functions at least the fourth-order polynomials are derived, which satisfy the homogeneous boundary conditions. The boundary functions and the zero element constitute a linear space, and then a new boundary functional is proved in the linear space, of which the energy is preserved for each dynamic energetic boundary function. The linear systems and iterative algorithms used to recover unknown wave speed and wave source functions with the dynamic energetic boundary functions as bases are developed, which converge fast at each time step. The input data are parsimonious, merely the measured boundary strains and the boundary values and slopes of unknown functions to be recovered. The accuracy and robustness of present methods are confirmed by comparing exact solutions with estimated results under large noises up to 20%.
文摘In the present paper, the governing equations of a linear transversely isotropic micropolar piezoelectric medium are specialized for x-z plane after using symmetry relations in constitutive coefficients. These equations are solved for the general surface wave solutions in the medium. Following radiation conditions in the half-space, the particular solutions are obtained, which satisfy the appropriate boundary conditions at the stress-free surface of the half-space. A secular equation for Rayleigh type surface wave is obtained. An iteration method is applied to compute the non-dimensional wave speed of the Rayleigh surface wave for specific material parameters. The effects of piezoelectricity, non-dimensional frequency and non-dimensional material constant, charge free surface and electrically shorted surface are shown graphically on the wave speed of Rayleigh wave.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.50675050 and 50705023)Outstanding Youth Science Foundation of Hei-longjiang Province (No.JC200614)
文摘A multiscale simulation has been performed to determine the effect of the cutting speed on the deformation mechanism and cutting forces in nanometric cutting of single crystal copper. The multiscale simulation model, which links the finite element method and the molecular dynamics method, captures the atomistic mechanisms during nanometric cutting from the free surface without the computational cost of full atomistic simulations. Simulation results show the material deformation mechanism of single crystal copper greatly changes when the cutting speed exceeds the material static propagation speed of plastic wave. At such a high cutting speed, the average magnitudes of tangential and normal forces increase rapidly. In addition, the variation of strain energy of work material atoms in different cutting speeds is investigated.
