Behavioral fragmentation of wildlife habitat is discussed. Using “buffer” module in ARC/INFO, behavioral fragmentation habitat of Red crowned crane, Saunders gull, Oriental white stork and Siberian white crane was ...Behavioral fragmentation of wildlife habitat is discussed. Using “buffer” module in ARC/INFO, behavioral fragmentation habitat of Red crowned crane, Saunders gull, Oriental white stork and Siberian white crane was calculated in the Shuangtai hekou National Reserve, Liaoning Province, China. The result showed that breeding Red crowned crane, Siberian white crane and breeding Saunders gull are very sensitive to fragmentation factors. Suitable habitat is so little for more than 2000 Saunders gull to breed. The reserve only has a capacity of 38 pairs for breeding Red crowed crane. Two key measures were made. First, dismantles all the abandoned oil wells and recovers the original ecosystem to decrease the fragmentation effect, directly benefit to breeding or migration of Red crowned crane and Oriental white stork. Second, recovers the Suaeda tidal mud flat from artificial shrimp and crab pond in the kernel zone of the reserve to enlarge the habitat area of Saunders gull and Siberian white crane.展开更多
Background: A number of conservation and societal issues require understanding how species are distributed on the landscape, yet ecologists are often faced with a lack of data to develop models at the resolution and e...Background: A number of conservation and societal issues require understanding how species are distributed on the landscape, yet ecologists are often faced with a lack of data to develop models at the resolution and extent desired, resulting in inefficient use of conservation resources.Such a situation presented itself in our attempt to develop waterfowl distribution models as part of a multi-disciplinary team targeting the control of the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus in China.Methods: Faced with limited data, we built species distribution models using a habitat suitability approach for China's breeding and non-breeding(hereafter, wintering) waterfowl.An extensive review of the literature was used to determine model parameters for habitat modeling.Habitat relationships were implemented in GIS using land cover covariates.Wintering models were validated using waterfowl census data, while breeding models, though developed for many species, were only validated for the one species with sufficient telemetry data available.Results: We developed suitability models for 42 waterfowl species(30 breeding and 39 wintering) at 1 km resolution for the extent of China, along with cumulative and genus level species richness maps.Breeding season models showed highest waterfowl suitability in wetlands of the high-elevation west-central plateau and northeastern China.Wintering waterfowl suitability was highest in the lowland regions of southeastern China.Validation measures indicated strong performance in predicting species presence.Comparing our model outputs to China's protected areas indicated that breeding habitat was generally better covered than wintering habitat, and identified locations for which additional research and protection should be prioritized.Conclusions: These suitability models are the first available for many of China's waterfowl species, and have direct utility to conservation and habitat planning and prioritizing management of critically important areas, providing an example of how this approach may aid others faced with the challenge of addressing conservation issues with little data to inform decision making.展开更多
Waterfowl industry is an essential part of modern agricultural industry system.Enterprises and breeding farmers in waterfowl industry are new agricultural business entities,backbones for development of waterfowl indus...Waterfowl industry is an essential part of modern agricultural industry system.Enterprises and breeding farmers in waterfowl industry are new agricultural business entities,backbones for development of waterfowl industry,and main undertakers of business risks and major promoters of industry development.From the survey and analysis of several enterprises,farmers and business organizational form of waterfowl industry,it concluded that the business organizational form and the relationship between interested parties exert great influence on the development of waterfowl industry.According to these,it came up recommendations including optimizing business organizational form and reasonably selecting logistics mode according to profits and risks of business entities in the industry chain and main points of input and technological progress,in the hope of helping enterprises to resist risks,conduct scientific management,so as to promote stable development of waterfowl industry.展开更多
Polychlorinated naphthalenes(PCNs),which are ubiquitous in the environment,are listed as persistent organic pollutants under the Stockholm Convention.Poultry can be exposed to PCNs via feed and breeding environments,l...Polychlorinated naphthalenes(PCNs),which are ubiquitous in the environment,are listed as persistent organic pollutants under the Stockholm Convention.Poultry can be exposed to PCNs via feed and breeding environments,leading to PCNs accumulation in eggs.However,information on PCNs in eggs from waterfowl raised in contaminated regions is scarce.In this study,waterfowl and chicken eggs were collected from a historically polluted area in Hunan Province,China.In addition,waterfowl eggs were collected from Guangxi Province as a control.The mean concentrations ofΣ_(75)PCNs in waterfowl(30.8 pg/g wet weight[ww])and chicken eggs(26.1 pg/g ww)from Hunan were significantly higher than in waterfowl eggs(15.6 pg/g ww)from Guangxi.The PCN homologue profiles in poultry eggs from the two regions varied,but both were dominated by lower chlorinated CNs.Correlation analysis showed that breeding environment made a greater contribution to PCNs in waterfowl eggs.Interestingly,PCNs and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)showed a significant positive correlation in samples from Hunan,but not in those from Guangxi.Human exposure to PCNs and PCBs was higher through consumption of poultry eggs from historically contaminated areas.展开更多
Accurately quantifying waterfowl migration patterns is pertinent to monitor ecosystem health and control bird-borne infectious diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the environmental mech...Accurately quantifying waterfowl migration patterns is pertinent to monitor ecosystem health and control bird-borne infectious diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the environmental mechanisms that drive waterfowl migration and then investigate the effect of intra- and inter-annual change in food supply and temperature(e.g., climate change) on their migration patterns. Recent advances in remote sensing and animal tracking techniques make it possible to monitor these environmental factors over a wide range of scales and record bird movements in detail. The synergy of these techniques will facilitate substantial progress in our understanding of the environmental drivers of bird migration. We identify prospects for future studies to test existing hypotheses and develop models integrating up-todate knowledge, high-resolution remote sensing data and high-accuracy bird tracking data. This will allow us to predict when waterfowl will be where, in response to shortand long-term global environmental change.展开更多
文摘Behavioral fragmentation of wildlife habitat is discussed. Using “buffer” module in ARC/INFO, behavioral fragmentation habitat of Red crowned crane, Saunders gull, Oriental white stork and Siberian white crane was calculated in the Shuangtai hekou National Reserve, Liaoning Province, China. The result showed that breeding Red crowned crane, Siberian white crane and breeding Saunders gull are very sensitive to fragmentation factors. Suitable habitat is so little for more than 2000 Saunders gull to breed. The reserve only has a capacity of 38 pairs for breeding Red crowed crane. Two key measures were made. First, dismantles all the abandoned oil wells and recovers the original ecosystem to decrease the fragmentation effect, directly benefit to breeding or migration of Red crowned crane and Oriental white stork. Second, recovers the Suaeda tidal mud flat from artificial shrimp and crab pond in the kernel zone of the reserve to enlarge the habitat area of Saunders gull and Siberian white crane.
基金supported by the United States Geological Survey(Ecosystems Mission Area)the National Science Foundation Small Grants for Exploratory Research(No.0713027)Wetlands International
文摘Background: A number of conservation and societal issues require understanding how species are distributed on the landscape, yet ecologists are often faced with a lack of data to develop models at the resolution and extent desired, resulting in inefficient use of conservation resources.Such a situation presented itself in our attempt to develop waterfowl distribution models as part of a multi-disciplinary team targeting the control of the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus in China.Methods: Faced with limited data, we built species distribution models using a habitat suitability approach for China's breeding and non-breeding(hereafter, wintering) waterfowl.An extensive review of the literature was used to determine model parameters for habitat modeling.Habitat relationships were implemented in GIS using land cover covariates.Wintering models were validated using waterfowl census data, while breeding models, though developed for many species, were only validated for the one species with sufficient telemetry data available.Results: We developed suitability models for 42 waterfowl species(30 breeding and 39 wintering) at 1 km resolution for the extent of China, along with cumulative and genus level species richness maps.Breeding season models showed highest waterfowl suitability in wetlands of the high-elevation west-central plateau and northeastern China.Wintering waterfowl suitability was highest in the lowland regions of southeastern China.Validation measures indicated strong performance in predicting species presence.Comparing our model outputs to China's protected areas indicated that breeding habitat was generally better covered than wintering habitat, and identified locations for which additional research and protection should be prioritized.Conclusions: These suitability models are the first available for many of China's waterfowl species, and have direct utility to conservation and habitat planning and prioritizing management of critically important areas, providing an example of how this approach may aid others faced with the challenge of addressing conservation issues with little data to inform decision making.
文摘Waterfowl industry is an essential part of modern agricultural industry system.Enterprises and breeding farmers in waterfowl industry are new agricultural business entities,backbones for development of waterfowl industry,and main undertakers of business risks and major promoters of industry development.From the survey and analysis of several enterprises,farmers and business organizational form of waterfowl industry,it concluded that the business organizational form and the relationship between interested parties exert great influence on the development of waterfowl industry.According to these,it came up recommendations including optimizing business organizational form and reasonably selecting logistics mode according to profits and risks of business entities in the industry chain and main points of input and technological progress,in the hope of helping enterprises to resist risks,conduct scientific management,so as to promote stable development of waterfowl industry.
基金supported by the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(1610072024003).
文摘Polychlorinated naphthalenes(PCNs),which are ubiquitous in the environment,are listed as persistent organic pollutants under the Stockholm Convention.Poultry can be exposed to PCNs via feed and breeding environments,leading to PCNs accumulation in eggs.However,information on PCNs in eggs from waterfowl raised in contaminated regions is scarce.In this study,waterfowl and chicken eggs were collected from a historically polluted area in Hunan Province,China.In addition,waterfowl eggs were collected from Guangxi Province as a control.The mean concentrations ofΣ_(75)PCNs in waterfowl(30.8 pg/g wet weight[ww])and chicken eggs(26.1 pg/g ww)from Hunan were significantly higher than in waterfowl eggs(15.6 pg/g ww)from Guangxi.The PCN homologue profiles in poultry eggs from the two regions varied,but both were dominated by lower chlorinated CNs.Correlation analysis showed that breeding environment made a greater contribution to PCNs in waterfowl eggs.Interestingly,PCNs and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)showed a significant positive correlation in samples from Hunan,but not in those from Guangxi.Human exposure to PCNs and PCBs was higher through consumption of poultry eggs from historically contaminated areas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41471347 and 41401484)Tsinghua University(2012Z02287)
文摘Accurately quantifying waterfowl migration patterns is pertinent to monitor ecosystem health and control bird-borne infectious diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the environmental mechanisms that drive waterfowl migration and then investigate the effect of intra- and inter-annual change in food supply and temperature(e.g., climate change) on their migration patterns. Recent advances in remote sensing and animal tracking techniques make it possible to monitor these environmental factors over a wide range of scales and record bird movements in detail. The synergy of these techniques will facilitate substantial progress in our understanding of the environmental drivers of bird migration. We identify prospects for future studies to test existing hypotheses and develop models integrating up-todate knowledge, high-resolution remote sensing data and high-accuracy bird tracking data. This will allow us to predict when waterfowl will be where, in response to shortand long-term global environmental change.
