世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)于2020年11月发布了《2020年WHO运动和久坐行为指南》。此次指南相较于2010年WHO运动指南纳入了更广泛的医学证据,并对特殊人群进行了针对性的推荐。其主要内容包括对儿童及青少年、成年人...世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)于2020年11月发布了《2020年WHO运动和久坐行为指南》。此次指南相较于2010年WHO运动指南纳入了更广泛的医学证据,并对特殊人群进行了针对性的推荐。其主要内容包括对儿童及青少年、成年人、老年人、孕产妇、慢性病群体及残障群体的运动和久坐建议。本文对该指南进行了详细解读。展开更多
世界卫生组织(worid Health Organization,WHO)2018年狂犬病疫苗立场文件总结了狂犬病、狂犬病疫苗和狂犬病免疫球蛋白(rabies immunoglobulin,RIG)领域的最新研究进展,从暴露后预防处置(post-exposure prophylaxis,PEP)、暴露前预防等...世界卫生组织(worid Health Organization,WHO)2018年狂犬病疫苗立场文件总结了狂犬病、狂犬病疫苗和狂犬病免疫球蛋白(rabies immunoglobulin,RIG)领域的最新研究进展,从暴露后预防处置(post-exposure prophylaxis,PEP)、暴露前预防等方面表明了WHO的立场和建议。本文结合我国在狂犬病、狂犬病疫苗和RIG领域的研究进展,解读WHO狂犬病疫苗立场文件对我国制定相关PEP和暴露前预防规范的影响。展开更多
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a potentially life-threatening infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic disease. This creates a high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer. Hep...Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a potentially life-threatening infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic disease. This creates a high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer. Hepatitis B infection poses a major health concern globally. It is estimated that 257 million people are infected globally with 780,000 deaths reported annually. In Kenya, HBV prevalence stands at chronic states of intermediate range (5% - 7%) and high (≥8%) with regional variations. Garissa County carries a high HBV infection risk with a reported prevalence of 14.1% in pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) clinics. This study was carried out to determine and compare the seroprevalence of HBV among in-mates and voluntary blood donors at Garissa Main Prison and Garissa County referral hospital respectively in Garissa, Kenya. A total of 130 in-mates and 130 voluntary blood donors were sampled in this study. Serum was tested for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using a rapid test cassette (Amitech Diagnostics Inc.). A questionnaire was also used to collect socio-demographic factors of the study participants. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Majority of the study participants were males (86.9% among inmates and 95.4% among blood donors). Majority (76.2%) of the in-mates and of the donors (83.1%) were aged between 20 - 40 years while majority (51.4% of the donors and 81.5% of in mates) had only a primary school level of education. HBV seroprevalence was significantly higher among in mates compared to blood donors. Out of the total number of in-mates tested, 7 (5.4%) were HBV seropositive. Conversely, among blood donors 4 (3.1%) were seropositive. There was a significant association between HBV seropositivity and gender among both the blood donors and in-mates. There was no significant association between HBV seropositivity and both level of education and age. No data currently exists on HBV seroprevalence in Kenyan prisons and these study findings may be used as a proxy for other prisons within the country. Further studies to determine other predisposing risk factors should be conducted. Additionally, molecular studies to determine circulating HBV genotypes in this group of people and region are required.展开更多
文摘世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)于2020年11月发布了《2020年WHO运动和久坐行为指南》。此次指南相较于2010年WHO运动指南纳入了更广泛的医学证据,并对特殊人群进行了针对性的推荐。其主要内容包括对儿童及青少年、成年人、老年人、孕产妇、慢性病群体及残障群体的运动和久坐建议。本文对该指南进行了详细解读。
文摘世界卫生组织(worid Health Organization,WHO)2018年狂犬病疫苗立场文件总结了狂犬病、狂犬病疫苗和狂犬病免疫球蛋白(rabies immunoglobulin,RIG)领域的最新研究进展,从暴露后预防处置(post-exposure prophylaxis,PEP)、暴露前预防等方面表明了WHO的立场和建议。本文结合我国在狂犬病、狂犬病疫苗和RIG领域的研究进展,解读WHO狂犬病疫苗立场文件对我国制定相关PEP和暴露前预防规范的影响。
文摘Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a potentially life-threatening infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic disease. This creates a high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer. Hepatitis B infection poses a major health concern globally. It is estimated that 257 million people are infected globally with 780,000 deaths reported annually. In Kenya, HBV prevalence stands at chronic states of intermediate range (5% - 7%) and high (≥8%) with regional variations. Garissa County carries a high HBV infection risk with a reported prevalence of 14.1% in pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) clinics. This study was carried out to determine and compare the seroprevalence of HBV among in-mates and voluntary blood donors at Garissa Main Prison and Garissa County referral hospital respectively in Garissa, Kenya. A total of 130 in-mates and 130 voluntary blood donors were sampled in this study. Serum was tested for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using a rapid test cassette (Amitech Diagnostics Inc.). A questionnaire was also used to collect socio-demographic factors of the study participants. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Majority of the study participants were males (86.9% among inmates and 95.4% among blood donors). Majority (76.2%) of the in-mates and of the donors (83.1%) were aged between 20 - 40 years while majority (51.4% of the donors and 81.5% of in mates) had only a primary school level of education. HBV seroprevalence was significantly higher among in mates compared to blood donors. Out of the total number of in-mates tested, 7 (5.4%) were HBV seropositive. Conversely, among blood donors 4 (3.1%) were seropositive. There was a significant association between HBV seropositivity and gender among both the blood donors and in-mates. There was no significant association between HBV seropositivity and both level of education and age. No data currently exists on HBV seroprevalence in Kenyan prisons and these study findings may be used as a proxy for other prisons within the country. Further studies to determine other predisposing risk factors should be conducted. Additionally, molecular studies to determine circulating HBV genotypes in this group of people and region are required.
