The aims of this research were (1) to provide a description of spurfowl Pternistis spp. calls and their social context;(2) to describe the divergence of advertisement calls;and (3) to appropri-ate 23 spurfowl species ...The aims of this research were (1) to provide a description of spurfowl Pternistis spp. calls and their social context;(2) to describe the divergence of advertisement calls;and (3) to appropri-ate 23 spurfowl species to homologous sound groups which have been synthesized with recognized monophyletic groups within Pternistis spurfowls. Sound group partitioning was primarily based on male advertisement calls. A total of 218 recordings (rendering^300 identifiable calls) were analyzed covering 22 out of 23 spurfowl species in Africa. One species was assessed from written accounts. The repertoire size per spurfowl varies between 7 and 11 calls. Spurfowl calls were arranged into three broad categories including (1) advertisement calls;(2) maintenance calls including distress calls, juve-nile whining (“mews”), cheeps and comfort calls;and (3) male-female and female-offspring bonding calls. Spurfowl species were set out in eight sound groups of which five were more or less congruent with the monophyletic groups of Hall (1963), but sound groups produced more partitioning as Hall described only five groups relevant to Pternistis spp. The divergence of advertisement calls appar-ently minimizes hybridization between sympatric species but the“genetic distance”between spurfowl species is relatively small causing hybridization among spurfowl species. Despite the vocalizations of Hartlaub’s Spurfowl (P. hartlaubi) differing significantly from the rest of the spurfowls, sound analy-ses suggest that it remains within Pternistis.展开更多
Background:In the last decade,enigmatic male-like cuckoo calls have been reported several times in East Asia.These calls exhibited a combination of vocal traits of both Oriental Cuckoo(Cuculus optatus)and Common Cucko...Background:In the last decade,enigmatic male-like cuckoo calls have been reported several times in East Asia.These calls exhibited a combination of vocal traits of both Oriental Cuckoo(Cuculus optatus)and Common Cuckoo(Cuculus canorus)advertising calls,and some authors therefore suggested that the enigmatic calls were produced by either Common×Oriental Cuckoo male hybrids or Common Cuckoo males having a gene mutation.However,the exact identity of calling birds are still unknown.Methods:We recorded previously unknown male-like calls from three captive Oriental Cuckoo females,and compared these calls with enigmatic vocalizations recorded in the wild as well as with advertising vocalizations of Common and Oriental Cuckoo males.To achieve this,we measured calls automatically.Besides,we video-recorded captive female emitting male-like calls,and compared these recordings with the YouTube recordings of calling males of both Common and Oriental Cuckoos to get insight into the mechanism of call production.Results:The analysis showed that female male-like calls recorded in captivity were similar to enigmatic calls recorded in the wild.Therefore,Oriental Cuckoo females might produce the latter calls.Two features of these female calls appeared to be unusual among birds.First,females produced male-like calls at the time of spring and autumn migratory activity and on migration in the wild.Because of this,functional significance of this call remained puzzling.Secondly,the male-like female call unexpectedly combined features of both closed-mouth(closed beak and simultaneous inflation of the‘throat sac')and open-mouth(prominent harmonic spectrum and the maximum neck extension observed at the beginning of a sound)vocal behaviors.Conclusions:The Cuculus vocalizations outside the reproductive season remain poorly understood.Here,we found for the first time that Oriental Cuckoo females can produce male-like calls in that time.Because of its rarity,this call might be an atavism.Indeed,female male-like vocalizations are still known in non-parasitic tropical and apparently more basal cuckoos only.Therefore,our findings may shed light on the evolution of vocal communication in avian brood parasites.展开更多
Animals living in syntopy share acoustic space.Asian horned frogs are well known for their sympatric distribution,but little is known about their strategies to avoid acoustic niche competition.This study focused on th...Animals living in syntopy share acoustic space.Asian horned frogs are well known for their sympatric distribution,but little is known about their strategies to avoid acoustic niche competition.This study focused on three sympatric Boulenophrys frog species from southern China—B.nanlingensis,B.ombrophila,and B.shimentaina,with the former two species call in similar frequencies but breed in different seasons.First,we checked the call variation during the change of individual body size and the ambient air temperature in three species.We have found call frequencies were the most static parameters in each species that were associated with body size and contributed most to species identifcation.Temporal call parameters shift with temperature but are mostly infuenced by low temperatures.Second,we checked the interactions between the environment and call properties.The calling site preferences of each species corresponded well with the prediction of the acoustic adaptation hypothesis(in view of higher frequency better transmission in open habitat),and species with similar call frequencies have some aspects of common calling sites.Third,we checked the species–species interaction by using playback tests with male B.nanlingensis.Results from playback experiments showed species that call at similar frequencies could hardly share the same habitat during the same season.These fndings expanded the knowledge of acoustic coexistence in closely related anuran species and provided insights into the vocal behavior of Asian horned frogs.展开更多
文摘The aims of this research were (1) to provide a description of spurfowl Pternistis spp. calls and their social context;(2) to describe the divergence of advertisement calls;and (3) to appropri-ate 23 spurfowl species to homologous sound groups which have been synthesized with recognized monophyletic groups within Pternistis spurfowls. Sound group partitioning was primarily based on male advertisement calls. A total of 218 recordings (rendering^300 identifiable calls) were analyzed covering 22 out of 23 spurfowl species in Africa. One species was assessed from written accounts. The repertoire size per spurfowl varies between 7 and 11 calls. Spurfowl calls were arranged into three broad categories including (1) advertisement calls;(2) maintenance calls including distress calls, juve-nile whining (“mews”), cheeps and comfort calls;and (3) male-female and female-offspring bonding calls. Spurfowl species were set out in eight sound groups of which five were more or less congruent with the monophyletic groups of Hall (1963), but sound groups produced more partitioning as Hall described only five groups relevant to Pternistis spp. The divergence of advertisement calls appar-ently minimizes hybridization between sympatric species but the“genetic distance”between spurfowl species is relatively small causing hybridization among spurfowl species. Despite the vocalizations of Hartlaub’s Spurfowl (P. hartlaubi) differing significantly from the rest of the spurfowls, sound analy-ses suggest that it remains within Pternistis.
基金performed within the frameworks of state contract with the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology,Ural Branch,Russian Academy of Sciences(project number 18-9-4-22)a part of Program of the Russian Academy of Sciences 2013–2020,No.AAAA-A18-118042690110-1[0109-2019-0003]‘Ecological and evolutionary aspects of animal behavior and communication’supported by the Russian Science Foundation(grant number 20-14-00058)。
文摘Background:In the last decade,enigmatic male-like cuckoo calls have been reported several times in East Asia.These calls exhibited a combination of vocal traits of both Oriental Cuckoo(Cuculus optatus)and Common Cuckoo(Cuculus canorus)advertising calls,and some authors therefore suggested that the enigmatic calls were produced by either Common×Oriental Cuckoo male hybrids or Common Cuckoo males having a gene mutation.However,the exact identity of calling birds are still unknown.Methods:We recorded previously unknown male-like calls from three captive Oriental Cuckoo females,and compared these calls with enigmatic vocalizations recorded in the wild as well as with advertising vocalizations of Common and Oriental Cuckoo males.To achieve this,we measured calls automatically.Besides,we video-recorded captive female emitting male-like calls,and compared these recordings with the YouTube recordings of calling males of both Common and Oriental Cuckoos to get insight into the mechanism of call production.Results:The analysis showed that female male-like calls recorded in captivity were similar to enigmatic calls recorded in the wild.Therefore,Oriental Cuckoo females might produce the latter calls.Two features of these female calls appeared to be unusual among birds.First,females produced male-like calls at the time of spring and autumn migratory activity and on migration in the wild.Because of this,functional significance of this call remained puzzling.Secondly,the male-like female call unexpectedly combined features of both closed-mouth(closed beak and simultaneous inflation of the‘throat sac')and open-mouth(prominent harmonic spectrum and the maximum neck extension observed at the beginning of a sound)vocal behaviors.Conclusions:The Cuculus vocalizations outside the reproductive season remain poorly understood.Here,we found for the first time that Oriental Cuckoo females can produce male-like calls in that time.Because of its rarity,this call might be an atavism.Indeed,female male-like vocalizations are still known in non-parasitic tropical and apparently more basal cuckoos only.Therefore,our findings may shed light on the evolution of vocal communication in avian brood parasites.
基金supported by the Project for Endangered Wildlife Investigation,Supervision and Industry Regulation of the National Forestry and Grassland Bureau of China(202407-HN-001)the Project for Endangered Wildlife Protection of Hunan Forestry Bureau of China(HNYB-2024001).
文摘Animals living in syntopy share acoustic space.Asian horned frogs are well known for their sympatric distribution,but little is known about their strategies to avoid acoustic niche competition.This study focused on three sympatric Boulenophrys frog species from southern China—B.nanlingensis,B.ombrophila,and B.shimentaina,with the former two species call in similar frequencies but breed in different seasons.First,we checked the call variation during the change of individual body size and the ambient air temperature in three species.We have found call frequencies were the most static parameters in each species that were associated with body size and contributed most to species identifcation.Temporal call parameters shift with temperature but are mostly infuenced by low temperatures.Second,we checked the interactions between the environment and call properties.The calling site preferences of each species corresponded well with the prediction of the acoustic adaptation hypothesis(in view of higher frequency better transmission in open habitat),and species with similar call frequencies have some aspects of common calling sites.Third,we checked the species–species interaction by using playback tests with male B.nanlingensis.Results from playback experiments showed species that call at similar frequencies could hardly share the same habitat during the same season.These fndings expanded the knowledge of acoustic coexistence in closely related anuran species and provided insights into the vocal behavior of Asian horned frogs.
