The English word“veto”comes from a Latin word thatmeans“I Will not permit.”It is a way for one member of a groupor government to block action bv other members.For example,the United Nations Securitv Council has fi...The English word“veto”comes from a Latin word thatmeans“I Will not permit.”It is a way for one member of a groupor government to block action bv other members.For example,the United Nations Securitv Council has fivepermanent members:the Univted Stares.China,Britain,Franceand Russia.Each can use the veto to block action bv the展开更多
This paper studies the effect of veto right on players’income in multi-player dynamic bargaining game.Based on a basic multi-person dynamic bargaining model generalized by the Rubinstein’s two-person alternating-off...This paper studies the effect of veto right on players’income in multi-player dynamic bargaining game.Based on a basic multi-person dynamic bargaining model generalized by the Rubinstein’s two-person alternating-offer bargaining model,the authors construct a dynamic multi-player bargaining game with veto players by adding a constraint to its negotiation process,which is obtained by studying the influence of exercising the veto right exercised by veto players.The authors emphatically describe the strategic game form of this dynamic bargaining game and study its equilibrium,then we analyze the relationship between the minimum acceptable payoff of the veto players and the equilibrium income.The research shows that veto right may increase the benefits of veto players and decrease the benefits of non-veto players.Veto players will not affect the players’benefits and the form of equilibrium when the minimum acceptable payoff of every veto player is relatively low.When the minimum acceptable payoff of the veto player is high enough,he can only get the minimum acceptable payoff,and his benefit increases as his minimum acceptable payoff increases.In this case,the veto player has intention to obtain more resources by presenting a higher minimum acceptable payoff.展开更多
The China Dark Matter Experiment （CDEX） is located at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory （CJPL） and aims to directly detect the weakly interacting massive particles （WIMP） flux with high sensitivity in the...The China Dark Matter Experiment （CDEX） is located at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory （CJPL） and aims to directly detect the weakly interacting massive particles （WIMP） flux with high sensitivity in the low mass region. Here we present a study of tile predicted photon and electron backgrounds including the background contribution of the structure materials of the germanium detector, the passive shielding materials, and the intrinsic radioactivity of the liquid argon that serves as an anti-Compton active shielding detector. A detailed geometry is modeled and the background contribution has been simulated based on the measured radioactivities of all possible components within tile GEANT4 program. Then the photon and electron background level in the energy region of interest （〈10-2events-kg1·day 1·keV-1 （cpkkd）） is predicted based on Monte Carlo simulations. The simulated result is consistent with the design goal of the CDEX-10 experiment, 0.1cpkkd, which shows that the active and passive shield design of CDEX-10 is effective and feasible.展开更多
While recent judicial interpretations released by the Supreme People’s Court, China’s top judicial organ, have addressed some ambiguities in the country’s two-year-old Property Law, they may give rise to new disput...While recent judicial interpretations released by the Supreme People’s Court, China’s top judicial organ, have addressed some ambiguities in the country’s two-year-old Property Law, they may give rise to new disputes, legal experts say.展开更多
文摘The English word“veto”comes from a Latin word thatmeans“I Will not permit.”It is a way for one member of a groupor government to block action bv other members.For example,the United Nations Securitv Council has fivepermanent members:the Univted Stares.China,Britain,Franceand Russia.Each can use the veto to block action bv the
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.71871171。
文摘This paper studies the effect of veto right on players’income in multi-player dynamic bargaining game.Based on a basic multi-person dynamic bargaining model generalized by the Rubinstein’s two-person alternating-offer bargaining model,the authors construct a dynamic multi-player bargaining game with veto players by adding a constraint to its negotiation process,which is obtained by studying the influence of exercising the veto right exercised by veto players.The authors emphatically describe the strategic game form of this dynamic bargaining game and study its equilibrium,then we analyze the relationship between the minimum acceptable payoff of the veto players and the equilibrium income.The research shows that veto right may increase the benefits of veto players and decrease the benefits of non-veto players.Veto players will not affect the players’benefits and the form of equilibrium when the minimum acceptable payoff of every veto player is relatively low.When the minimum acceptable payoff of the veto player is high enough,he can only get the minimum acceptable payoff,and his benefit increases as his minimum acceptable payoff increases.In this case,the veto player has intention to obtain more resources by presenting a higher minimum acceptable payoff.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(11175099,10935005,10945002,11275107,11105076)State Key Development Program of Basic Research of China(2010CB833006)
文摘The China Dark Matter Experiment （CDEX） is located at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory （CJPL） and aims to directly detect the weakly interacting massive particles （WIMP） flux with high sensitivity in the low mass region. Here we present a study of tile predicted photon and electron backgrounds including the background contribution of the structure materials of the germanium detector, the passive shielding materials, and the intrinsic radioactivity of the liquid argon that serves as an anti-Compton active shielding detector. A detailed geometry is modeled and the background contribution has been simulated based on the measured radioactivities of all possible components within tile GEANT4 program. Then the photon and electron background level in the energy region of interest （〈10-2events-kg1·day 1·keV-1 （cpkkd）） is predicted based on Monte Carlo simulations. The simulated result is consistent with the design goal of the CDEX-10 experiment, 0.1cpkkd, which shows that the active and passive shield design of CDEX-10 is effective and feasible.
文摘While recent judicial interpretations released by the Supreme People’s Court, China’s top judicial organ, have addressed some ambiguities in the country’s two-year-old Property Law, they may give rise to new disputes, legal experts say.
