This paper systematically categorizes the primary composition of star anise(Illicium verum),including volatile oils,flavonoids,phenolic acids,and sesquiterpene lactones,and further analyzes the pharmacological activit...This paper systematically categorizes the primary composition of star anise(Illicium verum),including volatile oils,flavonoids,phenolic acids,and sesquiterpene lactones,and further analyzes the pharmacological activities,such as antibacterial,analgesic,anti-inflammatory,and antioxidant effects.Additionally,it summarizes key aspects of extraction techniques,analytical methods,and fresh material processing technologies.The objective is to provide a robust foundation for enhancing research methods and technological standards related to star anise,thereby improving resource utilization efficiency and facilitating its industrial applications.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases are the first cause of death in the world.Ischemic heart disease is the main cause of heart failure.New approaches are continuously sou-ght to identify better therapeutic success.The...BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases are the first cause of death in the world.Ischemic heart disease is the main cause of heart failure.New approaches are continuously sou-ght to identify better therapeutic success.Thereby,current research has been drawn to identifying and completing the therapeutic profile of natural sources.Galium species are representatives exhibiting diuretic and antibacterial potential in living organisms and can treat burns,wounds,and skin diseases.Moreover,it was also observed that these plants manifest cardioprotective effects as well as having antihemolytic,antioxidant,antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,immunomod-ulatory,and antiproliferative potential.In ischemic heart disease,Galium verum(G.verum)extract manifested preservative properties in terms of contractility,systolic and diastolic function maintenance,and reduced damage to the heart after ischemia.In addition,G.verum extract upregulated the activity of antioxidant enzymes alleviating the production of pro-oxidants.AIM To test the ethanolic extract of G.verum on the H9C2(2-1)cell line by evaluating the in vitro biosafety profile and in ovo irritative potential.METHODS Cells were tested in vitro for viability(using the MTT test),cellular morphology,cell number,confluence,nuclear morphology(by immunofluorescence staining of cell nuclei and F-actin assay)and in ovo by the hen’s egg chorioal-lantoic membrane(CAM)test and CAM anti-irritant methods to study the irritation potential on the CAM.RESULTS The extract demonstrated a dose-dependent stimulatory activity.The viability increased to 170%for the dose of 55µg/mL and decreased to 135%at 200µg/mL.The results of cell number,confluence,and morphological analysis did not present significant changes compared with control untreated cells.The immunofluorescence assay showed insignificant apoptotic potential,and the hen’s egg CAM test revealed that the extract was in the weak to mode-rately irritating category with an irritation score of 5.3.When applying the sample to the CAM,only slight coagu-lation was observed(128 s).The anti-irritant test revealed the protective potential of the extract in the vascular plexus.CONCLUSION The ethanolic extract of G.verum manifests a stimulating effect on cardiomyocytes,enhancing cell viability,and maintaining a normal elongated shape,cell number,and confluence,without significant signs of apoptosis and with a weak irritative effect in ovo.In addition,the extract demonstrated a protective effect against hemorrhage,lysis,and coagulation of blood vessels induced by sodium dodecyl sulfate on the CAM.展开更多
The physical properties and chemical components of three oil samples extracted from Illicium verum Hook. f. by steam distillation （SD）, solvent extraction （SE） and supercritical fluid extraction （SFE） were compa...The physical properties and chemical components of three oil samples extracted from Illicium verum Hook. f. by steam distillation （SD）, solvent extraction （SE） and supercritical fluid extraction （SFE） were compared with one another and analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry （GC-MS）. The quality parameters of star anise essential oil from SFE were close to that of those came from SD and SE. Although the extraction yield of star anise by SFE （9.2 %） was close to the value from SE （9.3%）, it was yet higher than that came from SD （8.2%）. For sensory evaluation, however, three oils were significantly different. The odor and taste of the products from SFE and SE were generally more natural and vivid than that came from distilled oil. The volatile compound revealed that significant differences of the composition existed in the distilled oil and the oleoresins prepared by SFE and SE.展开更多
Objective:To research the acute toxicity of Illicium verum(I.verum)fruit extracts and its action on central nervous system.Methods:The TLC and HPTLC techniques were used as fingerprints to determine the chemical compo...Objective:To research the acute toxicity of Illicium verum(I.verum)fruit extracts and its action on central nervous system.Methods:The TLC and HPTLC techniques were used as fingerprints to determine the chemical components present in I.verum.Male albino rats and mice were utilized for study.The powdered material was successively extracted with n-hexane,ethyl acetate and methanol using a Soxhlet extractor.Acute toxicity studies were performed as per OECD guidelines.The CNS activity was evaluated on parameters of general behavior,sleeping pattern,locomotor activity,anxicty and myocoordination activity.The animals were trained for seven days prior to experiments and the divided into five groups with six animals in each.The drug was administered by intraperitoneal route according to body weight.The dosing was done as prescribed in each protocol.Results:Toxicity studies reported 2 000 mg/kg as toxicological dose and 1/10 of the same dose was taken as therapeutic dose Intraperitoneal injection of all extracts at dose of 200 mg prolonged phenobarbitone induced sleeping time,produced alteration in general behavior pattern,reduced locomotor activity and produced anxiolytic effects but the extracts do not significantly alter muscles coordination activity.The three extracts of I.verum at the dose of 200 mg,methanol extract was found to produce more prominent effects,then hexane and ethylacetate extracts.Conclusions:The observation suggested that the extracts of I. verum possess potent CNS depressant action and anxiolytic effect without interfering with motor coordination.展开更多
Volatile oil was extracted from Illicium Verum Hook. f. by using steam distillation. 41 kinds of compounds were separated and identified by GC/MS, and their relative contents were determined by normalization method. A...Volatile oil was extracted from Illicium Verum Hook. f. by using steam distillation. 41 kinds of compounds were separated and identified by GC/MS, and their relative contents were determined by normalization method. Among 41 identified compounds, there are 14 hydrocarbon components and 22 oxygenated hydrocarbon derivatives, and a small amount of nitrogenous compounds. The main component is anethole, accoun ting for 76.23%, and the other components such as anisyl acetone, anisaldehyde, p allylanisole, p cumic aldehyde and p allylpen take up more than 10%.展开更多
Objectives:Although many studies have suggested the anticancer properties of Galium verum,there is still no accurate information regarding its side effects on normal cells.Accordingly,this study aimed to investigate t...Objectives:Although many studies have suggested the anticancer properties of Galium verum,there is still no accurate information regarding its side effects on normal cells.Accordingly,this study aimed to investigate the dual effects of the whole Galium verummethanolic extract on the normal human fibroblast cell line(AGO)cell line at different concentrations.Methods:The cell line was randomly divided into a control group and groups exposed to concentrations of 12.5 to 400μg/mL.Extraction was performed by the maceration method.In addition,the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide(MTT)method was applied to measure cytotoxicity and flow cytometry.Further,BCL2 associated X(BAX)andB-cell lymphoma 2(BCL2)genes were expressed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate apoptosis and reactive oxygen species(ROS).Finally,data were compared between groups using a one-way analysis of variance.Results:A significant reduction was observed in the cell viability of 90%at a concentration of 400μg/mL compared to the control.In comparison,a significant increase was reported in cell viability at concentrations of 25-200μg/mL(P<0.0001).Furthermore,there was a significant 2.87-time increase in apoptosis compared to the control group(P<0.0001),but no significant differences were reported in cellular phases.ROS increased significantly by 5.7 times(P<0.05),and a significant 80-fold increase was found in the BAX/BCL2gene ratio(P<0.05).Conclusion:The whole methanolic extract could lower the viability of human fibroblasts at 400μg/mL and more by increasing apoptosis,thereby increasing BAX/BCL2gene expression and ROS production.However,the extract exerted an increased effect on cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner on AGO and increased cell growth at concentrations less than 400μg/mL,highlighting different effects of the whole extract on the AGO cell line.展开更多
In this paper, compounds identified in the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of the leaves of Cinnamomum glaucescens (Nees) Hand.-Mazz and Cinnamomum verum J.S. Presl (Lauraceae family) of Vietnam origin ar...In this paper, compounds identified in the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of the leaves of Cinnamomum glaucescens (Nees) Hand.-Mazz and Cinnamomum verum J.S. Presl (Lauraceae family) of Vietnam origin are reported. The chemical analyses were performed using gas chromatography-flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The significant compounds of C. glaucescens were geraniol (36.2%) and terpinen-4-ol (19.7%). On the other hand, C. verum comprised of linalool (22.0%) and bicyclogermacrene (11.2%). The present results may represent new chemotypes of the essential oils of C. verum and C. glaucescens.展开更多
Medicinal plants apply become a popular cure between patients with various diseases world.Aim of this review study of investigating of therapeutic effects of Galium verum.In the current review study,PubMed,Scopus,and ...Medicinal plants apply become a popular cure between patients with various diseases world.Aim of this review study of investigating of therapeutic effects of Galium verum.In the current review study,PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar were searched to provide information have shown the therapeutic effects of G.verum.This plant,is famous,as yellow Bedstraw.G.verum plant belongs to the Rubiaceae family.Analysis of G.verum plant represents that the plant included,chemical therapeutic compounds.Many compounds have been isolated from the Galium species plant so far.G.verum.Plants have been traditionally applied for the cure of many maladies.The former pharmacological researches represented that the G.verum plant possessed antioxidant effect,effects on the central nervous system,antimicrobial effects,endocrine effect,antihaemolytic activity,cytotoxic effects,etc.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to validate the synergistic effects of Cinnamomum verum(C.verum) barks and stingless bee honey(SBH)against cardiac hypertrophy(CH).Materials and Methods:Isoproterenol(ISO-group Ⅱ-30 mg/kg)-...Objective:This study aimed to validate the synergistic effects of Cinnamomum verum(C.verum) barks and stingless bee honey(SBH)against cardiac hypertrophy(CH).Materials and Methods:Isoproterenol(ISO-group Ⅱ-30 mg/kg)-induced cardiac hypertrophic Wistar rats were used in this study.Hypertrophic rats were treated using the reference drug losartan(LOS Group Ⅲ:50 mg/kg) and aqueous extracts of C.verum barks and SBH(ACH Group Ⅳ:250 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg).CH was characterized by electrocardiography,hypertrophic indices,and biochemical estimations such as total glucose,protein,albumin,lipid profiles,cardiac marker enzymes,and histopathological studies.Results:Rats received ISO had increased levels of glucose,protein,cholesterol,triglycerides,very low-density lipoprotein,and low-density lipoprotein,coupled with decreased levels of albumin and high-density lipoprotein.These levels were restored to near normal when treated with ACH extracts of the standard drugs.Contrary to the ISO-induced myocardial damaged hearts,ACH extracts had a profound effect compared to LOS,which was also reflected in histopathological studies.Conclusion:These data explicitly reveal that the ACH have a synergistic cardioprotective(antihypertrophic) effect.展开更多
基金Supported by Project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(GXZYA20230001)Research Fund Project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Medicinal Botanical Garden(202304).
文摘This paper systematically categorizes the primary composition of star anise(Illicium verum),including volatile oils,flavonoids,phenolic acids,and sesquiterpene lactones,and further analyzes the pharmacological activities,such as antibacterial,analgesic,anti-inflammatory,and antioxidant effects.Additionally,it summarizes key aspects of extraction techniques,analytical methods,and fresh material processing technologies.The objective is to provide a robust foundation for enhancing research methods and technological standards related to star anise,thereby improving resource utilization efficiency and facilitating its industrial applications.
文摘BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases are the first cause of death in the world.Ischemic heart disease is the main cause of heart failure.New approaches are continuously sou-ght to identify better therapeutic success.Thereby,current research has been drawn to identifying and completing the therapeutic profile of natural sources.Galium species are representatives exhibiting diuretic and antibacterial potential in living organisms and can treat burns,wounds,and skin diseases.Moreover,it was also observed that these plants manifest cardioprotective effects as well as having antihemolytic,antioxidant,antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,immunomod-ulatory,and antiproliferative potential.In ischemic heart disease,Galium verum(G.verum)extract manifested preservative properties in terms of contractility,systolic and diastolic function maintenance,and reduced damage to the heart after ischemia.In addition,G.verum extract upregulated the activity of antioxidant enzymes alleviating the production of pro-oxidants.AIM To test the ethanolic extract of G.verum on the H9C2(2-1)cell line by evaluating the in vitro biosafety profile and in ovo irritative potential.METHODS Cells were tested in vitro for viability(using the MTT test),cellular morphology,cell number,confluence,nuclear morphology(by immunofluorescence staining of cell nuclei and F-actin assay)and in ovo by the hen’s egg chorioal-lantoic membrane(CAM)test and CAM anti-irritant methods to study the irritation potential on the CAM.RESULTS The extract demonstrated a dose-dependent stimulatory activity.The viability increased to 170%for the dose of 55µg/mL and decreased to 135%at 200µg/mL.The results of cell number,confluence,and morphological analysis did not present significant changes compared with control untreated cells.The immunofluorescence assay showed insignificant apoptotic potential,and the hen’s egg CAM test revealed that the extract was in the weak to mode-rately irritating category with an irritation score of 5.3.When applying the sample to the CAM,only slight coagu-lation was observed(128 s).The anti-irritant test revealed the protective potential of the extract in the vascular plexus.CONCLUSION The ethanolic extract of G.verum manifests a stimulating effect on cardiomyocytes,enhancing cell viability,and maintaining a normal elongated shape,cell number,and confluence,without significant signs of apoptosis and with a weak irritative effect in ovo.In addition,the extract demonstrated a protective effect against hemorrhage,lysis,and coagulation of blood vessels induced by sodium dodecyl sulfate on the CAM.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Key Project of Guangxi Province (0424008-1C)
文摘The physical properties and chemical components of three oil samples extracted from Illicium verum Hook. f. by steam distillation （SD）, solvent extraction （SE） and supercritical fluid extraction （SFE） were compared with one another and analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry （GC-MS）. The quality parameters of star anise essential oil from SFE were close to that of those came from SD and SE. Although the extraction yield of star anise by SFE （9.2 %） was close to the value from SE （9.3%）, it was yet higher than that came from SD （8.2%）. For sensory evaluation, however, three oils were significantly different. The odor and taste of the products from SFE and SE were generally more natural and vivid than that came from distilled oil. The volatile compound revealed that significant differences of the composition existed in the distilled oil and the oleoresins prepared by SFE and SE.
文摘Objective:To research the acute toxicity of Illicium verum(I.verum)fruit extracts and its action on central nervous system.Methods:The TLC and HPTLC techniques were used as fingerprints to determine the chemical components present in I.verum.Male albino rats and mice were utilized for study.The powdered material was successively extracted with n-hexane,ethyl acetate and methanol using a Soxhlet extractor.Acute toxicity studies were performed as per OECD guidelines.The CNS activity was evaluated on parameters of general behavior,sleeping pattern,locomotor activity,anxicty and myocoordination activity.The animals were trained for seven days prior to experiments and the divided into five groups with six animals in each.The drug was administered by intraperitoneal route according to body weight.The dosing was done as prescribed in each protocol.Results:Toxicity studies reported 2 000 mg/kg as toxicological dose and 1/10 of the same dose was taken as therapeutic dose Intraperitoneal injection of all extracts at dose of 200 mg prolonged phenobarbitone induced sleeping time,produced alteration in general behavior pattern,reduced locomotor activity and produced anxiolytic effects but the extracts do not significantly alter muscles coordination activity.The three extracts of I.verum at the dose of 200 mg,methanol extract was found to produce more prominent effects,then hexane and ethylacetate extracts.Conclusions:The observation suggested that the extracts of I. verum possess potent CNS depressant action and anxiolytic effect without interfering with motor coordination.
基金ScienceFoundationofEducationforHunanProvince (No .0 0C32 4 )
文摘Volatile oil was extracted from Illicium Verum Hook. f. by using steam distillation. 41 kinds of compounds were separated and identified by GC/MS, and their relative contents were determined by normalization method. Among 41 identified compounds, there are 14 hydrocarbon components and 22 oxygenated hydrocarbon derivatives, and a small amount of nitrogenous compounds. The main component is anethole, accoun ting for 76.23%, and the other components such as anisyl acetone, anisaldehyde, p allylanisole, p cumic aldehyde and p allylpen take up more than 10%.
文摘Objectives:Although many studies have suggested the anticancer properties of Galium verum,there is still no accurate information regarding its side effects on normal cells.Accordingly,this study aimed to investigate the dual effects of the whole Galium verummethanolic extract on the normal human fibroblast cell line(AGO)cell line at different concentrations.Methods:The cell line was randomly divided into a control group and groups exposed to concentrations of 12.5 to 400μg/mL.Extraction was performed by the maceration method.In addition,the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide(MTT)method was applied to measure cytotoxicity and flow cytometry.Further,BCL2 associated X(BAX)andB-cell lymphoma 2(BCL2)genes were expressed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate apoptosis and reactive oxygen species(ROS).Finally,data were compared between groups using a one-way analysis of variance.Results:A significant reduction was observed in the cell viability of 90%at a concentration of 400μg/mL compared to the control.In comparison,a significant increase was reported in cell viability at concentrations of 25-200μg/mL(P<0.0001).Furthermore,there was a significant 2.87-time increase in apoptosis compared to the control group(P<0.0001),but no significant differences were reported in cellular phases.ROS increased significantly by 5.7 times(P<0.05),and a significant 80-fold increase was found in the BAX/BCL2gene ratio(P<0.05).Conclusion:The whole methanolic extract could lower the viability of human fibroblasts at 400μg/mL and more by increasing apoptosis,thereby increasing BAX/BCL2gene expression and ROS production.However,the extract exerted an increased effect on cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner on AGO and increased cell growth at concentrations less than 400μg/mL,highlighting different effects of the whole extract on the AGO cell line.
文摘In this paper, compounds identified in the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of the leaves of Cinnamomum glaucescens (Nees) Hand.-Mazz and Cinnamomum verum J.S. Presl (Lauraceae family) of Vietnam origin are reported. The chemical analyses were performed using gas chromatography-flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The significant compounds of C. glaucescens were geraniol (36.2%) and terpinen-4-ol (19.7%). On the other hand, C. verum comprised of linalool (22.0%) and bicyclogermacrene (11.2%). The present results may represent new chemotypes of the essential oils of C. verum and C. glaucescens.
文摘Medicinal plants apply become a popular cure between patients with various diseases world.Aim of this review study of investigating of therapeutic effects of Galium verum.In the current review study,PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar were searched to provide information have shown the therapeutic effects of G.verum.This plant,is famous,as yellow Bedstraw.G.verum plant belongs to the Rubiaceae family.Analysis of G.verum plant represents that the plant included,chemical therapeutic compounds.Many compounds have been isolated from the Galium species plant so far.G.verum.Plants have been traditionally applied for the cure of many maladies.The former pharmacological researches represented that the G.verum plant possessed antioxidant effect,effects on the central nervous system,antimicrobial effects,endocrine effect,antihaemolytic activity,cytotoxic effects,etc.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to validate the synergistic effects of Cinnamomum verum(C.verum) barks and stingless bee honey(SBH)against cardiac hypertrophy(CH).Materials and Methods:Isoproterenol(ISO-group Ⅱ-30 mg/kg)-induced cardiac hypertrophic Wistar rats were used in this study.Hypertrophic rats were treated using the reference drug losartan(LOS Group Ⅲ:50 mg/kg) and aqueous extracts of C.verum barks and SBH(ACH Group Ⅳ:250 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg).CH was characterized by electrocardiography,hypertrophic indices,and biochemical estimations such as total glucose,protein,albumin,lipid profiles,cardiac marker enzymes,and histopathological studies.Results:Rats received ISO had increased levels of glucose,protein,cholesterol,triglycerides,very low-density lipoprotein,and low-density lipoprotein,coupled with decreased levels of albumin and high-density lipoprotein.These levels were restored to near normal when treated with ACH extracts of the standard drugs.Contrary to the ISO-induced myocardial damaged hearts,ACH extracts had a profound effect compared to LOS,which was also reflected in histopathological studies.Conclusion:These data explicitly reveal that the ACH have a synergistic cardioprotective(antihypertrophic) effect.
