The reliability expression of dynamic driving behavior is derived from the driving shaping behavioural model; and then, in accordance with the combination of computer simulation and mathematical expression of driving ...The reliability expression of dynamic driving behavior is derived from the driving shaping behavioural model; and then, in accordance with the combination of computer simulation and mathematical expression of driving reliability, an approach for assessing the effect of driving erroneous actions on the dynamic performance of the driver vehicle system is presented. The analysis of driving erroneous actions in the driver vehicle system has been performed to show that the reliability during perception with variety widely could result in the incidents and/or accidents in traffic system.展开更多
Fatal traffic accidents in urban areas can adversely affect the urban road traffic system and pose many challenges for urban traffic management.Therefore,it is necessary to first classify emergency responses to such a...Fatal traffic accidents in urban areas can adversely affect the urban road traffic system and pose many challenges for urban traffic management.Therefore,it is necessary to first classify emergency responses to such accidents and then handle them quickly and correctly.The aim of this paper is to develop an evaluation index system and to use appropriate methods to investigate emergency-response classifications to fatal traffic accidents in Chinese urban areas.This study used a multilevel hierarchical structural model to determine emergency-response classification.In the model,accident attributes,urban road network vulnerability,and institutional resilience were used as classification criteria.Each evaluation indicator was selected according to importance ranking and independence screening and was given an interpretation and a quantitative criterion.The Fuzzy Delphi Method was used to rank the importance of the evaluation indices and the combined weight of each index was calculated using the G1 method.Finally,the case of a fatal traffic accident was used to validate the model.The results showed that the multilevel hierarchical structural model,Fuzzy Delphi Method,and G1 method can effectively address the problem of emergency-response classification.Because of its simplicity and adaptability,the approach presented here could be useful for decisionmakers and practitioners for determining emergency-response classifications.展开更多
BACKGROUND Ligamentum flavum hematoma(LFH)can cause compression of the spinal cord or nerve root,which results in neurological symptoms.We report a case of lumbar radicular pain due to LFH following a traffic accident...BACKGROUND Ligamentum flavum hematoma(LFH)can cause compression of the spinal cord or nerve root,which results in neurological symptoms.We report a case of lumbar radicular pain due to LFH following a traffic accident.CASE SUMMARY A 59-year-old man complained of left buttock and lateral thigh pain that was dull in nature after a traffic accident 18 d prior to presentation.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),taken 17 d after the traffic accident,revealed a mass lesion at the L4-5 Level.These MRI findings suggested subacute LFH.The patient’s pain was not alleviated with conservative treatment,including oral medication and epidural steroid injection.After a partial-hemilaminectomy and removal of LFH,the patient’s pain completely disappeared.CONCLUSION Because early operation for decompression is important for a good outcome,clinicians should be able to determine LFH from MRI results and be aware of the possibility of LFH,especially in patients with a history of trauma.展开更多
This paper focuses on time series forecasting of monthly occurrence of fatal road accidents in Ondo State of Nigeria. Its aim, however, is to use time series analysis to analyze the data obtained from Federal Road Saf...This paper focuses on time series forecasting of monthly occurrence of fatal road accidents in Ondo State of Nigeria. Its aim, however, is to use time series analysis to analyze the data obtained from Federal Road Safety Corps （FRSC）, Ondo State Command; which was considered in two cases： the total cases reported （TCR） and the number of deaths resulted from accidents （NOD）. Various smoothing models for time series were used to analyze the two cases. Based on the models, predictions were made and the results show a steady increase as a result of long-term effects on road accidents for the two cases. It was found also that simple exponential smoothing model is the appropriate model for both TCR and NOD.展开更多
<strong>Objective:</strong> To explore the characteristics and mechanisms of serious injuries of chest caused by road traffic accidents. <strong>Methods:</strong> Totally 112 autopsy cases with...<strong>Objective:</strong> To explore the characteristics and mechanisms of serious injuries of chest caused by road traffic accidents. <strong>Methods:</strong> Totally 112 autopsy cases with chest injuries in the urban of Jingzhou road traffic accidents were collected. Systematic review and analysis of the general information, postmortem examinations and assessments of chest injury had carried out from Feb. 2016 to Mar. 2018. <strong>Results:</strong> Average age of the victims was 52.2 years and the ratio of male to female deaths was 2.39:1. The proportion of motor-cyclists and pedestrians increased significantly. The overwhelming majority of accident vehicles were motorcycles and bicycles. Fractures of ribs and pulmonary contusion were the most common injuries. Craniocerebral and abdominal injuries were the most common associated injuries. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Fractures of ribs and pulmonary contusion were the most common features of fatal road traffic injuries, often associated with vitreoretinal damage and serious multiple damages. These features reflect the characteristics of great violence in traffic accidents, which provides the evidence of identification of violent injuries.展开更多
The objective of traffic accident reconstruction is to recreate the event, which is necessary for analyzing the collision dynamics that is used as evidence in court cases. Traffic accident reconstruction and a demonst...The objective of traffic accident reconstruction is to recreate the event, which is necessary for analyzing the collision dynamics that is used as evidence in court cases. Traffic accident reconstruction and a demonstration of the event require precise data pertaining to scene measurement. However, there are differences between the individual measuring tools and methods related to traffic accident investigation, just as there are differences between the extent of their use and measurement accuracy. The most commonly applied method is the measuring tape, followed by measurements with total stations and laser rangefinders, while photogrammetry is also becoming increasingly important. The advantages and disadvantages of individual tools and methods affect the required number of investigators, portability, measurement range, applicability depending on the amount of light and weather conditions, on the possibility of remote measurement, on data collection time, on the scope, on the option to later process, the collected data and above all on the accuracy of all gathered data. The latter is crucial for proving the guilt or innocence of traffic accident participants at court, as inaccurate data can lead to an unjust sentence. Measurement accuracy using the above mentioned tools and methods also varies depending on which ones are used, as well as on other factors.展开更多
Road accident detection plays an important role in abnormal scene reconstruction for Intelligent Transportation Systems and abnormal events warning for autonomous driving.This paper presents a novel 3D object detector...Road accident detection plays an important role in abnormal scene reconstruction for Intelligent Transportation Systems and abnormal events warning for autonomous driving.This paper presents a novel 3D object detector and adaptive space partitioning algorithm to infer traffic accidents quantitatively.Using 2D region proposals in an RGB image,this method generates deformable frustums based on point cloud for each 2D region proposal and then frustum-wisely extracts features based on the farthest point sampling network(FPS-Net)and feature extraction network(FE-Net).Subsequently,the encoder-decoder network(ED-Net)implements 3D-oriented bounding box(OBB)regression.Meanwhile,the adaptive least square regression(ALSR)method is proposed to split 3D OBB.Finally,the reduced OBB intersection test is carried out to detect traffic accidents via separating surface theorem(SST).In the experiments of KITTI benchmark,our proposed 3D object detector outperforms other state-of-theartmethods.Meanwhile,collision detection algorithm achieves the satisfactory performance of 91.8%accuracy on our SHTA dataset.展开更多
Regarding the postulate of traffic infrastructure and vehicles, much attention should be given to the effect of road conditions on accidents. With large numbers of traffic accidents on Shenda Freeway, Liaoning Provinc...Regarding the postulate of traffic infrastructure and vehicles, much attention should be given to the effect of road conditions on accidents. With large numbers of traffic accidents on Shenda Freeway, Liaoning Province, Harbin City and others in P. R. China, parameters and the effect of accidents caused by horizontal alignment, vertical alignment, cross section and intersection are studied systematically The disciplinary analysis of these effects are presented in this paper. The viewpoint is acknowledged that high sub grade and steep slopes are against traffic safety, which is common and ignored in high-usage highways in China. Design parameters of the current design criteria and the corresponding countermeasures are suggested for safety on our highways.展开更多
Traffic accidents involving pedestrians and drivers pose significant public health and safety concerns.Understanding the differential influences of road physical design attributes on crash frequencies for these two gr...Traffic accidents involving pedestrians and drivers pose significant public health and safety concerns.Understanding the differential influences of road physical design attributes on crash frequencies for these two groups is critical for developing targeted safety interventions.Considering that the zero-truncated characteristic of the data is uncertain,the results of the zero-truncated negative binomial models and traditional negative binomial models are calculated to seek the better model.The result revealed that the road surface conditions and vertical and horizontal curvature have greater influence on both pedestrian and driver compared to number of lanes and speed limit.And speed limits were more pronounced for pedestrian crash frequency than driver group.Conversely,the effect of different types of intersections was stronger for driver crash frequency.The differential influences of road physical design attributes on traffic crash frequencies for pedestrians versus drivers highlight the importance of adopting a user-centric approach to transportation safety planning and infrastructure design.Tailoring interventions to address the unique needs and vulnerabilities of different road user groups can lead to more effective safety improvements and better overall traffic safety outcomes.展开更多
Introduction: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a major public health issue in developing countries, where roads tend to be built haphazardly and accidents take a heavy toll on victims—including leaving them disabled...Introduction: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a major public health issue in developing countries, where roads tend to be built haphazardly and accidents take a heavy toll on victims—including leaving them disabled. This study seeks to identify those factors that cause RTA victims to become disabled as a result of their injuries. Methods: This retrospective community-based study looked at RTA victims treated in five public and faith-based hospitals in Benin. Disability was evaluated using the Washington Group on Disabilities Statistics questionnaire. The independent variables were related to the victim’s socio-demographic traits, the circumstances of the accident, and post-crash response mechanisms. The proportions were compared using the chi-squared test, with a threshold of 5%. Results: The prevalence of disability among road traffic accident victims is 9.59% (CI 95%: 6.86% - 13.20%). The occurrence of disability is associated with age (p = 0.002), occupational group (p = 0.0077), the mode of transport used to transfer the victim (p p = 0.0035). The study also found that people fail to make sufficient use of post-crash response mechanisms. Conclusion: Public policy-makers should therefore focus on stepping up interventions to get more people using both protective equipment and post-crash response services.展开更多
The general objective of this research is to determine how to use the spatial analysis of traffic accidents in Medina Menorah City through geographic information systems. This research aimed to identify, locate and de...The general objective of this research is to determine how to use the spatial analysis of traffic accidents in Medina Menorah City through geographic information systems. This research aimed to identify, locate and define the sites where traffic accidents are concentrated and determine the need to apply specific safety standards to reduce accidents and identify their causes thereof. This current research applied the analytical descriptive approach for its relevance with this specific research. This research collected traffic accidents data from the Ministry of the Interior, Department of General Traffic. That data captured the hotspots accidents in Medina Menorah City. Some of the most important results of the study are as follows: many roads were selected as High Accident Location HAL, such as Central Ring Roads, King Faisal bin Abdul-Aziz Road, Prince Abdul Majid bin Abdul-Aziz Road, and King Abdulla bin Abdel-Aziz Road. The high-speed roads are heavily linked to the massive increase of traffic accident rates, and the increase in the street section length led to the soaring number of total accidents. The study recommended performing more studies and different highway safety studies to identify and locate accident patterns on road networks. Due to the fact that the accidents concentration is intensely focused on Medina City center and Prophet’s Mosque, it is a must to increase the number of public transportations to and from Prophet’s Mosque, particularly during the Hajj period, because of the fact that the visitors of Prophet’s Mosque is on the increase during the said period. This study can be applied in other cities because knowing the locations of traffic crash hotspots can provide us with valuable insights into the causes of accidents and this knowledge helps decision-makers to better assess the risk associated with accidents.展开更多
In this study, we used the Human Capital (HC) accident analysis method, to determine the road traffic accident costs in Sudan in two successive years (2010 and 2011) with slight modifications to the recommended and kn...In this study, we used the Human Capital (HC) accident analysis method, to determine the road traffic accident costs in Sudan in two successive years (2010 and 2011) with slight modifications to the recommended and known framework in the way it handles currently and future accident cost components. We evaluated and compared the significance and impact of the economic loss caused by road traffic accidents in Sudan using detailed information on road traffic accident casualties, classified by severity level, vehicle type, and other key parameters such as discount rates and medical and insurance information for Sudan in its entirety. The total cost of road traffic accidents in Sudan in 2010 was estimated at US $391 million, which represents 0.57% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), while in 2011 the cost was calculated to reach US $413 million, representing 0.62% of GDP. Findings show that the amount of accident costs is estimated to a certain extent at less than 1% of the total GDP of the country in the two estimation years, but we believe that the evaluation process used fulfilled the eligibility criteria of HC studies and that the produced values for Sudan are valid and reliable. Unit costs for each crash severity level were also estimated in the two years such as death, disability, serious injury, slight injury, and vehicle damage. Death or fatality was equal to US $38,932 and 39,508;disability was equal to US $43,113 and US $45,165;serious injury was equal to US $6963 and US $7596;slight injury was equal to US $2570 and US $3198 and vehicle damage only was equal to US $2268 and US $2579 in the assessment years 2010 and 2011, respectively.展开更多
With the rapid development of China's social economy, the number of car ownership increases year by year, the number of road traffic accidents is also high. In order to deal with each major traffic accident scient...With the rapid development of China's social economy, the number of car ownership increases year by year, the number of road traffic accidents is also high. In order to deal with each major traffic accident scientifically and effectively and clarify the responsibility of the accident, vehicle performance appraisal is particularly important. In order to clarify the influence of vehicles in traffic accidents and ensure the identification of accident liability, it is necessary to evaluate their related performance. In this paper, the braking identification as the entry point, the related theories and technologies involved are discussed, hoping to give some inspiration to the relevant personnel.展开更多
Objective To explore the injury mechanism of the human knee in a traffic accident by establishing a 3D finite element(FE)model.Methods The FE model,composed of femur,tibia,fibula,patella,meniscus,knee ligaments and su...Objective To explore the injury mechanism of the human knee in a traffic accident by establishing a 3D finite element(FE)model.Methods The FE model,composed of femur,tibia,fibula,patella,meniscus,knee ligaments and surrounding soft tissues,was reconstructed by CT scanning data from a male volunteer.Validation was performed by the lateral impact simulation,and the stress and strain results were obtained to be compared with those previously reported for injury prediction.Results The results derived from the FE model were found to be similar with those previously reported,most of the ligaments and meniscus wounded at 40 m/s collision,which was readily observed.Conclusion The simulation results generated by FE model can be effectively used for the injury mechanism analysis of initial contact.展开更多
Since the implementation of the transportation power strategy, China’s transportation industry has developed rapidly, yet the number of road traffic accidents has remained high in recent years. Many scholars have inv...Since the implementation of the transportation power strategy, China’s transportation industry has developed rapidly, yet the number of road traffic accidents has remained high in recent years. Many scholars have investigated the factors influencing traffic accidents to find the underlying mechanisms, thereby enhancing road traffic safety. Compared to general accidents, the factors influencing major road traffic accidents are more complex. This study focuses on examining the relationships between factors affecting major road traffic accidents. Data on 968 major road traffic accidents from 2012 to 2018 in China were collected and organized. The accident information fields were analyzed to identify seven attributes: accident province, accident region, accident quarter, accident time, accident form, accident vehicle, and weather condition. The Apriori association rule algorithm was employed to mine and solve the strong association rules between accident attribute values. The associations between different influencing factors and the form of accident results were analyzed, with a deeper exploration of three-factor and four-factor rules. The results indicate that certain causal factors jointly contribute to major accidents, particularly in the western region, represented by Guangxi. These accidents mainly involved trucks and occurred in rainy and snowy weather during the first quarter. The conclusions of this research can provide the transportation management department with measures to improve urban road traffic safety and reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents.展开更多
Background:The increasing number of road traffic accidents(RTAs)worldwide is a major concern,posing a significant threat to people’s lives and well-being.Of particular worry is the substantial impact of fatal head in...Background:The increasing number of road traffic accidents(RTAs)worldwide is a major concern,posing a significant threat to people’s lives and well-being.Of particular worry is the substantial impact of fatal head injuries within the overall toll of these accidents.Understanding what contributes to head injuries in RTAs is complex,and specific factors such as the number of vehicles involved,speed,vehicle weight,and impact surface add layers of intricacy that need scrutiny.In simpler terms,we need to look at how these factors come into play.Aims and Objectives:The primary objective is to analyze the distribution of fatal head injury cases in RTAs,investigating how factors such as the number of vehicles,speed,vehicle weight,and impact surface influence the frequency and severity of such injuries.Materials and Methods:The study involves interviews with attendants of 604 RTA cases with head injuries,brought to the mortuary of S.R.N.Hospital at Moti Lal Nehru Medical College in Prayagraj.Ethical clearance and informed consent were secured before collecting preliminary data.Results:Significant findings indicate that fatal head injuries were most prevalent in two-vehicle accidents(53.15%),followed by multi-vehicle collisions(25.33%)and single-vehicle accidents involving pedestrians or objects(21.52%).Notably,the majority of impacts occurred on the front end(43.71%)and on main roads(52.98%),pinpointing specific areas for targeted road safety measures.In the subset of 604 fatal head injury cases from RTAs,comminuted skull fractures constituted 29.30%,while intact cranial fossa involvement was observed in 71.36%.Conclusion:Understanding the correlation between fatal head injuries and variables like the number of vehicles involved is pivotal for evidence-based interventions and policies.Collaboration among policymakers,safety experts,health-care providers,and researchers is imperative for reducing injuries and improving road safety.Identifying injury distribution causes informs traffic safety and medical response enhancements,contributing to a safer,healthier world through evidence-driven strategies.展开更多
The TrafficRiskClassifier model proposed in this study adopts an innovative approach inte-grating migration learning,image classification,and self-supervised learning,with the goal of significantly enhancing the accur...The TrafficRiskClassifier model proposed in this study adopts an innovative approach inte-grating migration learning,image classification,and self-supervised learning,with the goal of significantly enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of traffic accident risk analysis.Compared with traditional traffic safety analysis techniques,this model focuses on utiliz-ing contextual information and situational data from traffic accidents to achieve higher risk classification accuracy.The core of this approach is to deeply mine and analyze the detailed information in the accident environment,to provide more scientific and effective support for traffic accident risk prevention and response.Initially,by integrating migration learning with image classification techniques,the model efficiently extracts pivotal features from complex traffic scenarios and forms initial risk assessments.Subsequently,self-supervised learning is incorporated in this study,augmenting the model’s capability to comprehend and categorize accident imagery.The TrafficRiskClassifier model exhibits a generalization ability of 91.82%,85.16%,and 80.92%on individual classification tasks,respectively,signifying its robust learning capacity and proficiency in managing unseen data.Furthermore,the TrafficRiskClassifier model delineates a functional nexus between accident risk and variables such as weather,road conditions,and personal factors,employ-ing a polynomial regression approach.This methodology not only amplifies the predictive precision of the model but also renders it versatile across diverse scenarios.Through ana-lyzing various polynomial functions,the model achieves improved accuracy in classifying different risk levels.The outcomes demonstrate that the TrafficRiskClassifier model can efficaciously amalgamate contextual information within traffic scenarios,thereby achiev-ing more precise classification of traffic accident risks,and consequently serving as an invaluable instrument for urban traffic safety management.展开更多
The existing evidence on the economic burden of road accidents on gross domestic product(GDP)focused mainly on developed countries.This paper addresses an important gap in the literature by investigating into the impa...The existing evidence on the economic burden of road accidents on gross domestic product(GDP)focused mainly on developed countries.This paper addresses an important gap in the literature by investigating into the impacts of road traffic accidents and injuries on GDP in the small island of Mauritius.Mauritius,having perceived an important structural transformation over the past decades,is witnessing a rise in road accidents and injuries,which is a concern in terms of economic costs.In addition,it is a small island nation with limited road infrastructure,making it vulnerable to traffic congestion and accidents.The paper provides important insights for other island countries with similar geographic chal-lenges.The Vector error correction model(VECM)approach is used to assessing the exis-tence of a long-run relationship between road traffic accidents and GDP in Mauritius from 1980 to 2020.In addition to road crashes,different levels of injury severity linked to road accidents are evaluated.The results reveal that on average a 1%rise in road acci-dents leads to a 0.42%fall in real GDP.Further,a 1%rise in casualties linked to road acci-dents is likely to cause a 0.18%decline in GDP.Although a long-run relationship is established,there is no statistically significant influence of road accidents on GDP in the short-run.展开更多
There is a growing concern in traffic accident rate in recent years. Using Mashhad city （Iran second populous city） traffic accident records as case study, this paper applied the combi- nation of geo-information tec...There is a growing concern in traffic accident rate in recent years. Using Mashhad city （Iran second populous city） traffic accident records as case study, this paper applied the combi- nation of geo-information technology and spatial-statistical analysis to bring out the influence of spatial factors in their formation. The aim of the study is to examine 4 clustering analyses to have a better understanding of traffic accidents patterns in complex urban network. In order to deploy the clustering technique in urban roads, 9331 point features for inner city traffic accidents during 12 months have been registered according to their x and y location in geographic information system （GIS）. The mentioned areas were analyzed by kernel density estimation （KDE） using ARCMAP and two other analyses using SANET 4th edition software so that the results of network analysis can be compared with traditional KDE method. In addi- tion, this research introduces five classifications for determining the eventfulness of the under study area based on standard deviation and to make priority in creating security in the area. The nearest neighbor and K-function output analysis consist of four curves and regarding the fact that for all fatal, injury and property damage only crashes, the observed value curve is above the 5% confidence interval. Accidents in the study region are more clustered than ex- pected by random chance. The importance of this study is to use GIS as a management system for accident analysis by combination of spatial-statistical methods.展开更多
文摘The reliability expression of dynamic driving behavior is derived from the driving shaping behavioural model; and then, in accordance with the combination of computer simulation and mathematical expression of driving reliability, an approach for assessing the effect of driving erroneous actions on the dynamic performance of the driver vehicle system is presented. The analysis of driving erroneous actions in the driver vehicle system has been performed to show that the reliability during perception with variety widely could result in the incidents and/or accidents in traffic system.
基金supported by the Fifth 333 High-Level Talents Project of Jiangsu Province under Grant BRA2017443the Key Research Base of Jiangsu University Philosophy and Social Science under Grant 2018ZDJD-B007.
文摘Fatal traffic accidents in urban areas can adversely affect the urban road traffic system and pose many challenges for urban traffic management.Therefore,it is necessary to first classify emergency responses to such accidents and then handle them quickly and correctly.The aim of this paper is to develop an evaluation index system and to use appropriate methods to investigate emergency-response classifications to fatal traffic accidents in Chinese urban areas.This study used a multilevel hierarchical structural model to determine emergency-response classification.In the model,accident attributes,urban road network vulnerability,and institutional resilience were used as classification criteria.Each evaluation indicator was selected according to importance ranking and independence screening and was given an interpretation and a quantitative criterion.The Fuzzy Delphi Method was used to rank the importance of the evaluation indices and the combined weight of each index was calculated using the G1 method.Finally,the case of a fatal traffic accident was used to validate the model.The results showed that the multilevel hierarchical structural model,Fuzzy Delphi Method,and G1 method can effectively address the problem of emergency-response classification.Because of its simplicity and adaptability,the approach presented here could be useful for decisionmakers and practitioners for determining emergency-response classifications.
基金Supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean government,No.NRF-2021R1A2C1013073.
文摘BACKGROUND Ligamentum flavum hematoma(LFH)can cause compression of the spinal cord or nerve root,which results in neurological symptoms.We report a case of lumbar radicular pain due to LFH following a traffic accident.CASE SUMMARY A 59-year-old man complained of left buttock and lateral thigh pain that was dull in nature after a traffic accident 18 d prior to presentation.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),taken 17 d after the traffic accident,revealed a mass lesion at the L4-5 Level.These MRI findings suggested subacute LFH.The patient’s pain was not alleviated with conservative treatment,including oral medication and epidural steroid injection.After a partial-hemilaminectomy and removal of LFH,the patient’s pain completely disappeared.CONCLUSION Because early operation for decompression is important for a good outcome,clinicians should be able to determine LFH from MRI results and be aware of the possibility of LFH,especially in patients with a history of trauma.
文摘This paper focuses on time series forecasting of monthly occurrence of fatal road accidents in Ondo State of Nigeria. Its aim, however, is to use time series analysis to analyze the data obtained from Federal Road Safety Corps （FRSC）, Ondo State Command; which was considered in two cases： the total cases reported （TCR） and the number of deaths resulted from accidents （NOD）. Various smoothing models for time series were used to analyze the two cases. Based on the models, predictions were made and the results show a steady increase as a result of long-term effects on road accidents for the two cases. It was found also that simple exponential smoothing model is the appropriate model for both TCR and NOD.
文摘<strong>Objective:</strong> To explore the characteristics and mechanisms of serious injuries of chest caused by road traffic accidents. <strong>Methods:</strong> Totally 112 autopsy cases with chest injuries in the urban of Jingzhou road traffic accidents were collected. Systematic review and analysis of the general information, postmortem examinations and assessments of chest injury had carried out from Feb. 2016 to Mar. 2018. <strong>Results:</strong> Average age of the victims was 52.2 years and the ratio of male to female deaths was 2.39:1. The proportion of motor-cyclists and pedestrians increased significantly. The overwhelming majority of accident vehicles were motorcycles and bicycles. Fractures of ribs and pulmonary contusion were the most common injuries. Craniocerebral and abdominal injuries were the most common associated injuries. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Fractures of ribs and pulmonary contusion were the most common features of fatal road traffic injuries, often associated with vitreoretinal damage and serious multiple damages. These features reflect the characteristics of great violence in traffic accidents, which provides the evidence of identification of violent injuries.
文摘The objective of traffic accident reconstruction is to recreate the event, which is necessary for analyzing the collision dynamics that is used as evidence in court cases. Traffic accident reconstruction and a demonstration of the event require precise data pertaining to scene measurement. However, there are differences between the individual measuring tools and methods related to traffic accident investigation, just as there are differences between the extent of their use and measurement accuracy. The most commonly applied method is the measuring tape, followed by measurements with total stations and laser rangefinders, while photogrammetry is also becoming increasingly important. The advantages and disadvantages of individual tools and methods affect the required number of investigators, portability, measurement range, applicability depending on the amount of light and weather conditions, on the possibility of remote measurement, on data collection time, on the scope, on the option to later process, the collected data and above all on the accuracy of all gathered data. The latter is crucial for proving the guilt or innocence of traffic accident participants at court, as inaccurate data can lead to an unjust sentence. Measurement accuracy using the above mentioned tools and methods also varies depending on which ones are used, as well as on other factors.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51805312)in part by Shanghai Sailing Program(No.18YF1409400)+4 种基金in part by Training and Funding Program of Shanghai College young teachers(No.ZZGCD15102)in part by Scientific Research Project of Shanghai University of Engineering Science(No.2016-19)in part by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.19030501100)in part by the Shanghai University of Engineering Science Innovation Fund for Graduate Students(No.18KY0613)in part by National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFC0802900).
文摘Road accident detection plays an important role in abnormal scene reconstruction for Intelligent Transportation Systems and abnormal events warning for autonomous driving.This paper presents a novel 3D object detector and adaptive space partitioning algorithm to infer traffic accidents quantitatively.Using 2D region proposals in an RGB image,this method generates deformable frustums based on point cloud for each 2D region proposal and then frustum-wisely extracts features based on the farthest point sampling network(FPS-Net)and feature extraction network(FE-Net).Subsequently,the encoder-decoder network(ED-Net)implements 3D-oriented bounding box(OBB)regression.Meanwhile,the adaptive least square regression(ALSR)method is proposed to split 3D OBB.Finally,the reduced OBB intersection test is carried out to detect traffic accidents via separating surface theorem(SST).In the experiments of KITTI benchmark,our proposed 3D object detector outperforms other state-of-theartmethods.Meanwhile,collision detection algorithm achieves the satisfactory performance of 91.8%accuracy on our SHTA dataset.
文摘Regarding the postulate of traffic infrastructure and vehicles, much attention should be given to the effect of road conditions on accidents. With large numbers of traffic accidents on Shenda Freeway, Liaoning Province, Harbin City and others in P. R. China, parameters and the effect of accidents caused by horizontal alignment, vertical alignment, cross section and intersection are studied systematically The disciplinary analysis of these effects are presented in this paper. The viewpoint is acknowledged that high sub grade and steep slopes are against traffic safety, which is common and ignored in high-usage highways in China. Design parameters of the current design criteria and the corresponding countermeasures are suggested for safety on our highways.
基金Projects(52102407,52472354)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘Traffic accidents involving pedestrians and drivers pose significant public health and safety concerns.Understanding the differential influences of road physical design attributes on crash frequencies for these two groups is critical for developing targeted safety interventions.Considering that the zero-truncated characteristic of the data is uncertain,the results of the zero-truncated negative binomial models and traditional negative binomial models are calculated to seek the better model.The result revealed that the road surface conditions and vertical and horizontal curvature have greater influence on both pedestrian and driver compared to number of lanes and speed limit.And speed limits were more pronounced for pedestrian crash frequency than driver group.Conversely,the effect of different types of intersections was stronger for driver crash frequency.The differential influences of road physical design attributes on traffic crash frequencies for pedestrians versus drivers highlight the importance of adopting a user-centric approach to transportation safety planning and infrastructure design.Tailoring interventions to address the unique needs and vulnerabilities of different road user groups can lead to more effective safety improvements and better overall traffic safety outcomes.
文摘Introduction: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a major public health issue in developing countries, where roads tend to be built haphazardly and accidents take a heavy toll on victims—including leaving them disabled. This study seeks to identify those factors that cause RTA victims to become disabled as a result of their injuries. Methods: This retrospective community-based study looked at RTA victims treated in five public and faith-based hospitals in Benin. Disability was evaluated using the Washington Group on Disabilities Statistics questionnaire. The independent variables were related to the victim’s socio-demographic traits, the circumstances of the accident, and post-crash response mechanisms. The proportions were compared using the chi-squared test, with a threshold of 5%. Results: The prevalence of disability among road traffic accident victims is 9.59% (CI 95%: 6.86% - 13.20%). The occurrence of disability is associated with age (p = 0.002), occupational group (p = 0.0077), the mode of transport used to transfer the victim (p p = 0.0035). The study also found that people fail to make sufficient use of post-crash response mechanisms. Conclusion: Public policy-makers should therefore focus on stepping up interventions to get more people using both protective equipment and post-crash response services.
文摘The general objective of this research is to determine how to use the spatial analysis of traffic accidents in Medina Menorah City through geographic information systems. This research aimed to identify, locate and define the sites where traffic accidents are concentrated and determine the need to apply specific safety standards to reduce accidents and identify their causes thereof. This current research applied the analytical descriptive approach for its relevance with this specific research. This research collected traffic accidents data from the Ministry of the Interior, Department of General Traffic. That data captured the hotspots accidents in Medina Menorah City. Some of the most important results of the study are as follows: many roads were selected as High Accident Location HAL, such as Central Ring Roads, King Faisal bin Abdul-Aziz Road, Prince Abdul Majid bin Abdul-Aziz Road, and King Abdulla bin Abdel-Aziz Road. The high-speed roads are heavily linked to the massive increase of traffic accident rates, and the increase in the street section length led to the soaring number of total accidents. The study recommended performing more studies and different highway safety studies to identify and locate accident patterns on road networks. Due to the fact that the accidents concentration is intensely focused on Medina City center and Prophet’s Mosque, it is a must to increase the number of public transportations to and from Prophet’s Mosque, particularly during the Hajj period, because of the fact that the visitors of Prophet’s Mosque is on the increase during the said period. This study can be applied in other cities because knowing the locations of traffic crash hotspots can provide us with valuable insights into the causes of accidents and this knowledge helps decision-makers to better assess the risk associated with accidents.
文摘In this study, we used the Human Capital (HC) accident analysis method, to determine the road traffic accident costs in Sudan in two successive years (2010 and 2011) with slight modifications to the recommended and known framework in the way it handles currently and future accident cost components. We evaluated and compared the significance and impact of the economic loss caused by road traffic accidents in Sudan using detailed information on road traffic accident casualties, classified by severity level, vehicle type, and other key parameters such as discount rates and medical and insurance information for Sudan in its entirety. The total cost of road traffic accidents in Sudan in 2010 was estimated at US $391 million, which represents 0.57% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), while in 2011 the cost was calculated to reach US $413 million, representing 0.62% of GDP. Findings show that the amount of accident costs is estimated to a certain extent at less than 1% of the total GDP of the country in the two estimation years, but we believe that the evaluation process used fulfilled the eligibility criteria of HC studies and that the produced values for Sudan are valid and reliable. Unit costs for each crash severity level were also estimated in the two years such as death, disability, serious injury, slight injury, and vehicle damage. Death or fatality was equal to US $38,932 and 39,508;disability was equal to US $43,113 and US $45,165;serious injury was equal to US $6963 and US $7596;slight injury was equal to US $2570 and US $3198 and vehicle damage only was equal to US $2268 and US $2579 in the assessment years 2010 and 2011, respectively.
文摘With the rapid development of China's social economy, the number of car ownership increases year by year, the number of road traffic accidents is also high. In order to deal with each major traffic accident scientifically and effectively and clarify the responsibility of the accident, vehicle performance appraisal is particularly important. In order to clarify the influence of vehicles in traffic accidents and ensure the identification of accident liability, it is necessary to evaluate their related performance. In this paper, the braking identification as the entry point, the related theories and technologies involved are discussed, hoping to give some inspiration to the relevant personnel.
基金The current study was funded by the 12th Five-year National Plan for Science and Technology,the Council of National Science Foundation of China,the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,the Science Foundation of IFS
文摘Objective To explore the injury mechanism of the human knee in a traffic accident by establishing a 3D finite element(FE)model.Methods The FE model,composed of femur,tibia,fibula,patella,meniscus,knee ligaments and surrounding soft tissues,was reconstructed by CT scanning data from a male volunteer.Validation was performed by the lateral impact simulation,and the stress and strain results were obtained to be compared with those previously reported for injury prediction.Results The results derived from the FE model were found to be similar with those previously reported,most of the ligaments and meniscus wounded at 40 m/s collision,which was readily observed.Conclusion The simulation results generated by FE model can be effectively used for the injury mechanism analysis of initial contact.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.72288101,72331001,72361137003)the Talent Fund of Beijing Jiaotong University(GrantNo.2023XKRC036).
文摘Since the implementation of the transportation power strategy, China’s transportation industry has developed rapidly, yet the number of road traffic accidents has remained high in recent years. Many scholars have investigated the factors influencing traffic accidents to find the underlying mechanisms, thereby enhancing road traffic safety. Compared to general accidents, the factors influencing major road traffic accidents are more complex. This study focuses on examining the relationships between factors affecting major road traffic accidents. Data on 968 major road traffic accidents from 2012 to 2018 in China were collected and organized. The accident information fields were analyzed to identify seven attributes: accident province, accident region, accident quarter, accident time, accident form, accident vehicle, and weather condition. The Apriori association rule algorithm was employed to mine and solve the strong association rules between accident attribute values. The associations between different influencing factors and the form of accident results were analyzed, with a deeper exploration of three-factor and four-factor rules. The results indicate that certain causal factors jointly contribute to major accidents, particularly in the western region, represented by Guangxi. These accidents mainly involved trucks and occurred in rainy and snowy weather during the first quarter. The conclusions of this research can provide the transportation management department with measures to improve urban road traffic safety and reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents.
文摘Background:The increasing number of road traffic accidents(RTAs)worldwide is a major concern,posing a significant threat to people’s lives and well-being.Of particular worry is the substantial impact of fatal head injuries within the overall toll of these accidents.Understanding what contributes to head injuries in RTAs is complex,and specific factors such as the number of vehicles involved,speed,vehicle weight,and impact surface add layers of intricacy that need scrutiny.In simpler terms,we need to look at how these factors come into play.Aims and Objectives:The primary objective is to analyze the distribution of fatal head injury cases in RTAs,investigating how factors such as the number of vehicles,speed,vehicle weight,and impact surface influence the frequency and severity of such injuries.Materials and Methods:The study involves interviews with attendants of 604 RTA cases with head injuries,brought to the mortuary of S.R.N.Hospital at Moti Lal Nehru Medical College in Prayagraj.Ethical clearance and informed consent were secured before collecting preliminary data.Results:Significant findings indicate that fatal head injuries were most prevalent in two-vehicle accidents(53.15%),followed by multi-vehicle collisions(25.33%)and single-vehicle accidents involving pedestrians or objects(21.52%).Notably,the majority of impacts occurred on the front end(43.71%)and on main roads(52.98%),pinpointing specific areas for targeted road safety measures.In the subset of 604 fatal head injury cases from RTAs,comminuted skull fractures constituted 29.30%,while intact cranial fossa involvement was observed in 71.36%.Conclusion:Understanding the correlation between fatal head injuries and variables like the number of vehicles involved is pivotal for evidence-based interventions and policies.Collaboration among policymakers,safety experts,health-care providers,and researchers is imperative for reducing injuries and improving road safety.Identifying injury distribution causes informs traffic safety and medical response enhancements,contributing to a safer,healthier world through evidence-driven strategies.
文摘The TrafficRiskClassifier model proposed in this study adopts an innovative approach inte-grating migration learning,image classification,and self-supervised learning,with the goal of significantly enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of traffic accident risk analysis.Compared with traditional traffic safety analysis techniques,this model focuses on utiliz-ing contextual information and situational data from traffic accidents to achieve higher risk classification accuracy.The core of this approach is to deeply mine and analyze the detailed information in the accident environment,to provide more scientific and effective support for traffic accident risk prevention and response.Initially,by integrating migration learning with image classification techniques,the model efficiently extracts pivotal features from complex traffic scenarios and forms initial risk assessments.Subsequently,self-supervised learning is incorporated in this study,augmenting the model’s capability to comprehend and categorize accident imagery.The TrafficRiskClassifier model exhibits a generalization ability of 91.82%,85.16%,and 80.92%on individual classification tasks,respectively,signifying its robust learning capacity and proficiency in managing unseen data.Furthermore,the TrafficRiskClassifier model delineates a functional nexus between accident risk and variables such as weather,road conditions,and personal factors,employ-ing a polynomial regression approach.This methodology not only amplifies the predictive precision of the model but also renders it versatile across diverse scenarios.Through ana-lyzing various polynomial functions,the model achieves improved accuracy in classifying different risk levels.The outcomes demonstrate that the TrafficRiskClassifier model can efficaciously amalgamate contextual information within traffic scenarios,thereby achiev-ing more precise classification of traffic accident risks,and consequently serving as an invaluable instrument for urban traffic safety management.
基金funding from the Traffic Management and Road Safety Unit,Ministry of Land Transport and Light Railway,Mauritius.
文摘The existing evidence on the economic burden of road accidents on gross domestic product(GDP)focused mainly on developed countries.This paper addresses an important gap in the literature by investigating into the impacts of road traffic accidents and injuries on GDP in the small island of Mauritius.Mauritius,having perceived an important structural transformation over the past decades,is witnessing a rise in road accidents and injuries,which is a concern in terms of economic costs.In addition,it is a small island nation with limited road infrastructure,making it vulnerable to traffic congestion and accidents.The paper provides important insights for other island countries with similar geographic chal-lenges.The Vector error correction model(VECM)approach is used to assessing the exis-tence of a long-run relationship between road traffic accidents and GDP in Mauritius from 1980 to 2020.In addition to road crashes,different levels of injury severity linked to road accidents are evaluated.The results reveal that on average a 1%rise in road acci-dents leads to a 0.42%fall in real GDP.Further,a 1%rise in casualties linked to road acci-dents is likely to cause a 0.18%decline in GDP.Although a long-run relationship is established,there is no statistically significant influence of road accidents on GDP in the short-run.
文摘There is a growing concern in traffic accident rate in recent years. Using Mashhad city （Iran second populous city） traffic accident records as case study, this paper applied the combi- nation of geo-information technology and spatial-statistical analysis to bring out the influence of spatial factors in their formation. The aim of the study is to examine 4 clustering analyses to have a better understanding of traffic accidents patterns in complex urban network. In order to deploy the clustering technique in urban roads, 9331 point features for inner city traffic accidents during 12 months have been registered according to their x and y location in geographic information system （GIS）. The mentioned areas were analyzed by kernel density estimation （KDE） using ARCMAP and two other analyses using SANET 4th edition software so that the results of network analysis can be compared with traditional KDE method. In addi- tion, this research introduces five classifications for determining the eventfulness of the under study area based on standard deviation and to make priority in creating security in the area. The nearest neighbor and K-function output analysis consist of four curves and regarding the fact that for all fatal, injury and property damage only crashes, the observed value curve is above the 5% confidence interval. Accidents in the study region are more clustered than ex- pected by random chance. The importance of this study is to use GIS as a management system for accident analysis by combination of spatial-statistical methods.
