Highlights●Salinity commonly hindered wheat germination,and using herb-derived carbon dots was an emerging approach to enhancing plant salt tolerance in agricultural production.●Wolfberry-driven carbon dots(Wo-CDs)w...Highlights●Salinity commonly hindered wheat germination,and using herb-derived carbon dots was an emerging approach to enhancing plant salt tolerance in agricultural production.●Wolfberry-driven carbon dots(Wo-CDs)were synthesized and applied as a nano-primer to enhance wheat salt tolerance by maintaining reactive oxygen species levels through early oxidative stress conditioning.展开更多
Flooding in rice fields,especially in coastal regions and low-lying river basins,causes significant devastation to crops.Rice is highly susceptible to prolonged flooding,with a drastic decline in yields if inundation ...Flooding in rice fields,especially in coastal regions and low-lying river basins,causes significant devastation to crops.Rice is highly susceptible to prolonged flooding,with a drastic decline in yields if inundation persists for more than 7 d,especially during the reproductive stage.Although the SUB1 QTL,which confers tolerance to complete submergence during the vegetative stage,has been incorporated into breeding programs,the development of alternative sources is crucial.These alternatives would broaden the genetic base,mitigate the influence of the genomic background,and extend the efficacy of SUB1 QTL to withstand longer submergence periods(up to approximately 21 d).Contemporary breeding strategies predominantly target submergence stress at the vegetative stage.However,stagnant flooding(partial submergence of vegetative parts)during the reproductive phase inflicts severe damage on the rice crop,leading to reduced yields,heightened susceptibility to pests and diseases,lodging,and inferior grain quality.The ability to tolerate stagnant flooding can be ascribed to several adaptive traits:accelerated aerenchyma formation,efficient underwater photosynthesis,reduced radial oxygen loss in submerged tissues,reinforced culms,enhanced reactive oxygen species scavenging within cells,dehydration tolerance post-flooding,and resistance to pests and diseases.A thorough investigation of the genetics underlying these traits,coupled with the integration of key alleles into elite genetic backgrounds,can significantly enhance food and income security in flood-prone rice-growing regions,particularly in coastal high-rainfall areas and low-lying river basins.This review aims to delineate an innovative breeding strategy that employs genomic,phenomic,and traditional breeding methodologies to develop rice varieties resilient to various dimensions of flooding stress at both the vegetative and reproductive stages.展开更多
Salinity stress is a major challenge for global agriculture,particularly in arid and semi-arid regions,limiting plant productivity due to water and soil salinity.These conditions particularly affect countries along th...Salinity stress is a major challenge for global agriculture,particularly in arid and semi-arid regions,limiting plant productivity due to water and soil salinity.These conditions particularly affect countries along the southern Mediterranean rim,including Algeria,which primarily focuses on pastoral and forage practices.This study investigates salinity tolerance and ecotypic variability in Vicia narbonensis L.,a fodder legume species recognized for its potential to reclaim marginal soils.Morphological,physiological,and biochemical responses were assessed in three ecotypes(eco2,eco9,and eco10)exposed to different salinity levels(low,moderate,and severe).The study was conducted using a completely randomized block design with three blocks per ecotype per dose.The results from the two-way analysis of variance demonstrate significant effects across nearly all attributes studied,revealing distinct ecotypic responses.These findings underscore variations in growth parameters,osmotic regulation mechanisms,and biochemical adjustments.The substantial diversity observed among these ecotypes in their response to salinity provides valuable insights for breeders addressing both agronomic and ecological challenges.Multivariate analyses,including Principal Component Analysis(PCA),revealed key variables distinguishing between ecotypes under salinity stress.Moreover,Classification based on Salinity Tolerance Indices(STI)further differentiated ecotypic performance with more precision,and this is because of the combination of the different parameters studied.These results open up new prospects for the development of strategies to improve the salinity tolerance of forage legumes.展开更多
Global warming impacts plant growth and development,which in turn threatens food security.Plants can clearly respond to warm-temperature(such as by thermomorphogenesis)and high-temperature stresses.At the molecular le...Global warming impacts plant growth and development,which in turn threatens food security.Plants can clearly respond to warm-temperature(such as by thermomorphogenesis)and high-temperature stresses.At the molecular level,many small molecules play crucial roles in balancing growth and defense,and stable high yields can be achieved by fine-tuning the responses to external stimuli.Therefore,it is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying plant growth in response to heat stress and how plants can adjust their biological processes to survive heat stress conditions.In this review,we summarize the heat-responsive genetic networks in plants and crop plants based on recent studies.We focus on how plants sense the elevated temperatures and initiate the cellular and metabolic responses that allow them to adapt to the adverse growing conditions.We also describe the trade-off between plant growth and responses to heat stress.Specifically,we address the regulatory network of plant responses to heat stress,which will facilitate the discovery of novel thermotolerance genes and provide new opportunities for agricultural applications.展开更多
The chalcone isomerase gene OsCHI,one of the key genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway,plays an important role in rice(Oryza sativa)resistance to abiotic stresses.This study reveals how the chalcone isomerase ge...The chalcone isomerase gene OsCHI,one of the key genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway,plays an important role in rice(Oryza sativa)resistance to abiotic stresses.This study reveals how the chalcone isomerase gene family member OsCHI3 participates in rice responses to drought stress through the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis.Overexpression of OsCHI3 increased the tolerance of rice to drought stress.In contrast,CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of OsCHI3 reduced the drought tolerance of rice,an effect that is reversed by exogenous ABA treatment.Transcriptomic and physiological biochemical analyses indicated that flavonoids regulated by OsCHI3 not only scavenge reactive oxygen species(ROS)but also increase drought tolerance in rice by stimulating ABA biosynthesis through the regulation of OsNCED1 and OsABA8ox3 expression.These findings demonstrate that OsCHI3 increases drought stress tolerance in rice by activating the antioxidant defense system and the ABA metabolic pathway,providing new clues for drought-resistant rice breeding research.展开更多
The leucine-rich repeat(LRR)protein family is involved in a variety of fundamental metabolic and signaling processes in plants,including growth and defense responses.LRR proteins can be divided into two categories:tho...The leucine-rich repeat(LRR)protein family is involved in a variety of fundamental metabolic and signaling processes in plants,including growth and defense responses.LRR proteins can be divided into two categories:those containing LRR domains along with other structural elements,which are further subdivided into five groups,LRR receptor-like kinases,LRR receptor-like proteins,nucleotide-binding site LRR proteins,LRR-extensin proteins,and polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins,and those containing only LRR domains.Functionally,various LRR proteins are primarily involved in plant development and responses to environmental stress.Notably,the LRR protein family plays a central role in signal transduction pathways related to stress adaptation.In this review,we classify and analyze the functions of LRR proteins in plants.While extensive research has been conducted on the roles of LRR proteins in disease resistance signaling,these proteins also play important roles in abiotic stress responses.This review highlights recent advances in understanding how LRR proteins mediate responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.Building upon these insights,further exploration of the roles of LRR proteins in abiotic stress resistance may aid efforts to develop rice varieties with enhanced stress and disease tolerance.展开更多
Frequent drought events severely restrict global crop productivity,especially those occurring in the reproductive stages.Moderate drought priming during the earlier growth stages is a promising strategy for allowing p...Frequent drought events severely restrict global crop productivity,especially those occurring in the reproductive stages.Moderate drought priming during the earlier growth stages is a promising strategy for allowing plants to resist recurrent severe drought stress.However,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Here,we subjected wheat plants to drought priming during the vegetative growth stage and to severe drought stress at 10 days after anthesis.We then collected leaf samples at the ends of the drought priming and recovery periods,and at the end of drought stress for transcriptome sequencing in combination with phenotypic and physiological analyses.The drought-primed wheat plants maintained a lower plant temperature,with higher stomatal openness and photosynthesis,thereby resulting in much lower 1,000-grain weight and grain yield losses under the later drought stress than the non-primed plants.Interestingly,416 genes,including 27 transcription factors(e.g.,MYB,NAC,HSF),seemed to be closely related to the improved drought tolerance as indicated by the dynamic transcriptome analysis.Moreover,the candidate genes showed six temporal expression patterns and were significantly enriched in several stress response related pathways,such as plant hormone signal transduction,starch and sucrose metabolism,arginine and proline metabolism,inositol phosphate metabolism,and wax synthesis.These findings provide new insights into the physiological and molecular mechanisms of the long-term effects of early drought priming that can effectively improve drought tolerance in wheat,and may provide potential approaches for addressing the challenges of increasing abiotic stresses and securing food safety under global warming scenarios.展开更多
Heat stress causes overgrowth,leaf dryness and fruit malformation,which negatively impacts cucumber quality and yield.Yet,in spite of the devastating consequences of this abiotic stress,few genes for heat tolerance in...Heat stress causes overgrowth,leaf dryness and fruit malformation,which negatively impacts cucumber quality and yield.Yet,in spite of the devastating consequences of this abiotic stress,few genes for heat tolerance in cucumber have been identified.Here,the heat injury indices of 88 cucumber accessions representing diverse ecotypes were collected in two open-field environments,with naturally occurring high temperatures over two years.Seventeen of the 88 accessions were identified as highly heat-tolerant.Using a genome-wide association study,five loci(gHII3.1,gHII3.2,gHII3.3,gHII4.1 and gHII6.1)on three chromosomes associated with heat tolerance were detected.Pairwise linkage disequilibrium correlation,sequence polymorphisms,and qRT-PCR analyses at these loci,identified five candidate genes predicted to be casual for heat stress response in cucumber.CsaV3_3G04883,CsaV3_4G029050 and CsaV3_6G005370 each had nonsynonymous SNPs,and were significantly up-regulated by heat stress in the heat-tolerant genotypes.CsaV3_3G031890 was also induced by heat stress,but in the heatsensitive genotypes,and sequence polymorphism was only found in the promoter region.Identifying these candidate genes lays a foundation for understanding cucumber thermotolerance mechanisms.Our study is one of the few to examine heat stress in adult cucumber plants and it therefore fills a critical gap in knowledge.It is also an important first-step towards accelerating the breeding of robust heat-tolerant varieties.展开更多
An in-memory storage system provides submillisecond latency and improves the concurrency of user applications by caching data into memory from external storage.Fault tolerance of in-memory storage systems is essential...An in-memory storage system provides submillisecond latency and improves the concurrency of user applications by caching data into memory from external storage.Fault tolerance of in-memory storage systems is essential,as the loss of cached data requires access to data from external storage,which evidently increases the response latency.Typically,replication and erasure code(EC)are two fault-tolerant schemes that pose different trade-offs between access performance and storage usage.To help make the best performance and space trade-off,we design ElasticMem,a hybrid fault-tolerant distributed in-memory storage system that supports elastic redundancy transition to dynamically change the fault-tolerant scheme.ElasticMem exploits a novel EC-oriented replication(EOR)that carefully designs the data placement of replication according to the future data layout of EC to enhance the I/O efficiency of redundancy transition.ElasticMem solves the consistency problem caused by concurrent data accesses via a lightweight table-based scheme combined with data bypassing.It detects correlated read and write requests and serves subsequent read requests with local data.We implement a prototype that realizes ElasticMem based on Memcached.Experiments show that ElasticMem remarkably reduces the time of redundancy transition,the overall latency of correlated concurrent data accesses,and the latency of single data access among them.展开更多
Evaluating plant stress tolerance and screening key regulatory genes under the combined stresses of high temperature and drought are important for studying plant stress tolerance mechanisms. In this study, the drought...Evaluating plant stress tolerance and screening key regulatory genes under the combined stresses of high temperature and drought are important for studying plant stress tolerance mechanisms. In this study, the drought tolerance of five grape varieties was evaluated under high-temperature conditions to screen key genes for further exploration of resistance mechanisms. By comparing and analysing the morphological characteristics and physiological indicators associated with the response of grapevines to drought stress and integrating them with the membership function to assess the strength of their drought tolerance, the order of drought tolerance was found to be as follows: 420A>110R>Cabernet Sauvignon(CS)>Fercal>188-08. To further analyse the mechanism of differences in drought tolerance, transcriptomic sequencing was performed on the drought-tolerant cultivar 420A, the drought-sensitive cultivar 188-08 and the control cultivar CS. The functional analysis of differential metabolic pathways indicated that the differentially expressed genes were enriched mainly in biological process category, that 420A had higher antioxidant activity. Furthermore, differentially expressed transcription factors were analyzed in five grape varieties. Genes like Vv AGL15, Vv LBD41, and Vv MYB86 showed close associations with drought tolerance,indicating their potential role in regulating drought tolerance and research significance.展开更多
Background Unsedated colonoscopy is an important method used for diagnosing colorectal cancer,but it can cause discomfort such as pain and bloating,as well as anxiety.At present,the relief is mainly achieved through m...Background Unsedated colonoscopy is an important method used for diagnosing colorectal cancer,but it can cause discomfort such as pain and bloating,as well as anxiety.At present,the relief is mainly achieved through methods such as changing positions and manual pressing,but the efficacy is limited.Hence alternative therapies for sedation and analgesia in unsedated colonoscopy warrant further study.Electroacupuncture(EA)can simplify the procedure of anesthesia and analgesia,while the efficacy of EA on unsedated colonoscopy remains unclear.Therefore,a well-designed randomized controlled trial is needed to demonstrate the potential efficacy of acupuncture in unsedated colonoscopy,particularly for pain relief.Methods In this prospective randomized sham-controlled trial,105 eligible participants will be recruited and randomly assigned to either EA group(n=35),sham EA group(n=35),or control group(n=35)in a 1:1:1 ratio.The EA group will receive acupuncture intervention on bilateral Hegu(LI4),Neiguan(PC6),Zusanli(ST36),and Shenmen(HT7),with LI4 and PC6 on both sides connected to the EA device.The sham EA group will received non transdermal needling on points of no meridian,and deliberately connect the needle to the incorrect output socket of EA device to block the stimulation.The needling will conducted from 30 min before the unsedated colonoscopy to the end of the colonoscopy,the whole retention time would be approximately 40 min.The participants in the control group will not receive any acupuncture intervention.All participants of the three groups will not receive any other treatment.Primary outcomes:Numerical Rating Scale(NRS)reported by participants and Face Pain Scale Revised(FPS-R)evaluated by observers of four areas of the participants during the unsedated colonoscopy.Secondary outcomes:tolerance reported by endoscopists,tolerance reported by participants,satisfaction reported by endoscopists,satisfaction reported by participants,adverse events during the unsedated colonoscopy,postoperative discomfort,unsedated colonoscopy smoothness(cecal insertion time,unwinding time,success rate of one-time intubation).Both intention-to-treat(ITT)and per-protocol(PP)analyses will be performed to assess the efficacy of EA.Discussion The trial will explore the efficacy of relieving pain,improving tolerability,and reducing undesirable adverse events of EA for unsedated colonoscopy.The results of this trial will provide sound evidence for promoting the clinical application of EA for unsedated colonoscopy.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:ChiCTR2300069903,retrospectively registered on March 16,2023.展开更多
Saline-alkali soil severely reduces the productivity of crops,including maize(Zea mays).Although several genes associated with saline-alkali tolerance have been identified in maize,the underlying regulatory mechanism ...Saline-alkali soil severely reduces the productivity of crops,including maize(Zea mays).Although several genes associated with saline-alkali tolerance have been identified in maize,the underlying regulatory mechanism remains elusive.Here,we report a direct link between colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)and saline-alkali tolerance in maize.We identify s75,a natural maize mutant that cannot survive under moderate saline-alkali soil conditions or establish AM symbioses.The saline-alkali hypersensitive phenotype of s75 is caused by a 1340-bp deletion in Zm00001d033915,designated as ZmL75.This gene encodes a glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase localized in the endoplasmic reticulum,and is responsible for AMF colonization.ZmL75 expression levels in roots correspond with the root length colonization(RLC)rate during early vegetative development.Notably,the s75 mutant line shows a complete loss of AMF colonization,along with alterations in the diversity and structure of its root fungal microbiota.Conversely,overexpression of ZmL75 increases the RLC rate and enhances tolerance to saline-alkali soil conditions.These results suggest that ZmL75 is required for symbiosis with AMF,which directly improves saline-alkali tolerance.Our findings provide insights into maize-AMF interactions and offer a potential strategy for maize improvement.展开更多
Environmentally friendly slow-release fertilizers are highly desired in sustainable agriculture.Encapsulating fertilizers can routinely achieve controlled releasing performances but suffers from short-term effectivene...Environmentally friendly slow-release fertilizers are highly desired in sustainable agriculture.Encapsulating fertilizers can routinely achieve controlled releasing performances but suffers from short-term effectiveness or environmental unfriendliness.In this work,a bio-derived shellac incorporated with polydodecyl trimethoxysilane(SL-PDTMS)capsule was developed for long-term controlled releasing urea.Due to enhanced hydrophobicity and thus water resistance,the SL-PDTMS encapsulated urea fertilizer(SPEU)demonstrated a long-term effectiveness of 60 d,compared with SL encapsulated urea fertilizer(SEU,30 d)and pure urea fertilizer(U,5 min).In addition,SPEU showed a broad pH tolerance from 5.0 to 9.0,covering most various soil pH conditions.In the pot experiments,promoted growth of maize seedlings was observed after applying SPEU,rendering it promising as a high-performance controlled-released fertilizer.展开更多
Potato(Solanum tuberosum)is a globally important staple crop.However,cultivated potato varieties are highly sensitive to low temperatures.The molecular mechanisms underlying freezing resistance in potatoes remain poor...Potato(Solanum tuberosum)is a globally important staple crop.However,cultivated potato varieties are highly sensitive to low temperatures.The molecular mechanisms underlying freezing resistance in potatoes remain poorly understood.Through comparative metabolome and transcriptome analyses of freezing-tolerant(CM,Solanum commersonii)and freezing-sensitive(DM,DM1-3516R44)varieties,we identified a coldinduced UDP-glycosyltransferase gene,ScUGT73B4,which is associated with the accumulation of glycosylated flavonoids in wild CM varieties.Overexpression of ScUGT73B4 led to increased accumulation of glycosylated flavonoids and enhanced antioxidant capacity,resulting in improved freezing tolerance in potato plantlets.These findings reveal a UDP-glycosyltransferase in the flavonoid pathway and offer a potential valuable genetic resource for breeding potatoes with improved freezing tolerance.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanism underlying the effect of the Huanglian decoction(黄连汤,HLD)on morphine tolerance(MT),using network pharmacology,and to verify these mechanisms in vitro and in vivo.METHODS:Avail...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanism underlying the effect of the Huanglian decoction(黄连汤,HLD)on morphine tolerance(MT),using network pharmacology,and to verify these mechanisms in vitro and in vivo.METHODS:Available biological data on each drug in the HLD were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform.The target proteins of MT were retrieved from the GeneCards,PharmGkb,Therapeutic Target Database,DrugBank,and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man databases.Information regarding MT and the drug targets was compared to obtain overlapping elements.This information was imported into the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins platform to obtain a protein-protein interaction network diagram.Then,a“component-target”network diagram was constructed using screened drug components and target information,via Cytoscape(Institute for Systems Biology,Seattle,WA,USA).The database for annotation,visualization,and integrated discovery was used for Gene Ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways analyses.Pathway information predicted by network pharmacology was verified using animal studies and cell experiments.RESULTS:Network pharmacology analysis identified 22 active compounds of HLD and revealed that HLD partially ameliorated MT by modulating inflammatory,apoptosis,and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathways.Berberine(BBR),one of the main components of HLD,inhibited the development of MT in mice.BBR reduced cell viability while increasing B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2)protein expression and decreasing CD86,NF-κB,Bax,and Caspase-3 protein expression in brain vascular 2(BV2)mcroglia cells treated with morphine.Additionally,BBR contributed to a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokine release and apoptotic cell number.CONCLUSIONS:BBR,a key component of HLD,effectively suppressed microglial activation and neuroinflammation by regulating the NF-κB and apoptosis signaling pathways,thereby delaying MT.This study offers a novel approach to enhance the clinical analgesic efficacy of morphine.展开更多
Dear Editor,Viruses of the genus Orthoebolavirus cause sporadic outbreaks of severe haemorrhagic fever,with case fatality rates ranging from 25%to 90%(Mahanty and Bray,2004).Six species of the virus(Orthoebolavirus za...Dear Editor,Viruses of the genus Orthoebolavirus cause sporadic outbreaks of severe haemorrhagic fever,with case fatality rates ranging from 25%to 90%(Mahanty and Bray,2004).Six species of the virus(Orthoebolavirus zairense,sudanense,bundibugyoense,taiense,restonense,and bombaliense)have so far been identified(Biedenkopf et al.,2023).Among these,Orthoebolavirus zairense,commonly known as Ebola virus(EBOV),stands out as the most virulent.Given its high contagiousness and lethality,EBOV must be manipulated under biosafety level 4(BSL-4)conditions,as stipulated by the the People's Republic of China's list of human pathogenic microorganisms(National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China,2023).Prior to being removed from a BSL-4 laboratory,it is imperative that infectious EBOV undergoes complete inactivation.Here we systematically evaluate viral thermostability under BSL-4 containment conditions,demonstrating EBOV's marked thermotolerance.展开更多
While most mammals find highly acidic foods aversive,many bird species have evolved remarkable tolerance for sour fruits-a crucial adaptation that has opened new ecological niches.Wild fruits can contain organic acid ...While most mammals find highly acidic foods aversive,many bird species have evolved remarkable tolerance for sour fruits-a crucial adaptation that has opened new ecological niches.Wild fruits can contain organic acid concentrations dozens of times higher than cultivated varieties,yet species like the redwing(Turdus iliacus)and black grouse(Tetrao tetrix)have evolved to actually prefer these acidic foods as dietary staples.展开更多
Background Soil available phosphorus(AP)deficiency significantly limits cotton production,particularly in arid and saline-alkaline regions.Screening cotton cultivars for low phosphorus(P)tolerance is crucial for the s...Background Soil available phosphorus(AP)deficiency significantly limits cotton production,particularly in arid and saline-alkaline regions.Screening cotton cultivars for low phosphorus(P)tolerance is crucial for the sustainable development of cotton production.However,the effect of different growth media on the screening outcomes remains unclear.To address this,we evaluated the low P tolerance of 25 cotton cultivars through hydroponic culture at two P levels(0.01 and 0.5 mmol·L^(-1) KH_(2)PO_(4))in 2018 and field culture with two P rates(0 and 90 kg·hm^(-2),in P2O5)in 2019.Results In the hydroponic experiments,principal component analysis(PCA)showed that shoot dry weight(SDW)and P utilization efficiency in shoots(PUES)of cotton seedlings explained over 45%of the genetic variation in P nutri-tion.Cotton cultivars were subjected to comprehensive cluster analysis,utilizing agronomic traits(SDW and PUES)during the seedling stage(hydroponic)and yield and fiber quality traits during the mature stage(in field).These cultivars were grouped into four clusters:resistant,moderately resistant,moderately sensitive,and sensitive.In low P conditions(0.01 mmol·L^(-1) KH_(2)PO_(4) and 4.5 mg·kg^(-1) AP),the low-P-resistant cluster showed significantly smaller reduc-tions in SDW(54%),seed cotton yield(3%),lint yield(-2%),fiber length(-1)%),and fiber strength(-3%)compared with the low-P-sensitive cluster(75%,13%,17%,7%,and 9%,respectively).The increase in PUES(299%)in the resist-ant cluster was also significantly higher than in the sensitive cluster(131%).Four of the eight low-P-tolerant cotton cultivars identified in the field and six in the hydroponic screening overlapped in both screenings.Two cultivars overlapped in both screening in the low-P-sensitive cluster.Conclusion Based on the screenings from both field and hydroponic cultures,ZM-9131,CCRI-79,JM-958,and J-228 were identified as low-P-tolerant cotton cultivars,while JM-169,XM-33B,SCRC-28,and LNM-18 were identified as low P-sensitive cotton cultivars.The relationship between field and hydroponic screening results for low-P-tolerant cotton cultivars was strong,although field validation is still required.The low P tolerance of these cultivars was closely associ-ated with SDW and PUES.展开更多
Salt stress significantly inhibits crop growth and development,and mitigating this can enhance salt tolerance in various crops.Previous studies have shown that regulating saccharide biosynthesis is a key aspect of pla...Salt stress significantly inhibits crop growth and development,and mitigating this can enhance salt tolerance in various crops.Previous studies have shown that regulating saccharide biosynthesis is a key aspect of plant salt tolerance;however,the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unexplored.In this study,we demonstrate that overexpression of a salt-inducible galactinol synthase gene,ZmGolS1,alleviates salt-induced growth inhibition,likely by promoting raffinose synthesis.Additionally,we show that natural variation in ZmGolS1 transcript levels contributes to the diversity of raffinose content and salt tolerance in maize.We further reveal that ZmRR18,a type-B response regulator transcription factor,binds to the AATC element in the promoter of ZmGolS1,with this binding increases the transcript levels of ZmGolS1 under salt conditions.Moreover,a single nucleotide polymorphism(termed SNP-302T)within the ZmGolS1 promoter significantly reduces its binding affinity for ZmRR18,resulting in decreased ZmGolS1 expression and diminished raffinose content,ultimately leading to a salt-hypersensitive phenotype.Collectively,our findings reveal the molecular mechanisms by which the ZmRR18-ZmGolS1 module enhances raffinose biosynthesis,thereby promoting maize growth under salt conditions.This research provides important insights into salt tolerance mechanisms associated with saccharide biosynthesis and identifies valuable genetic loci for breeding salt-tolerant maize varieties.展开更多
The TSJT1 protein belongs to the class-II glutamine amidotransferase(GATase)superfamily.Research on the functions and underlying mechanisms of TSJT1 in plants is limited.In this study,the abscisic acid(ABA)-inducible ...The TSJT1 protein belongs to the class-II glutamine amidotransferase(GATase)superfamily.Research on the functions and underlying mechanisms of TSJT1 in plants is limited.In this study,the abscisic acid(ABA)-inducible gene IbTSJT1 was isolated from drought-tolerant sweetpotato line Xushu 55-2.Its expression was strongly induced by PEG6000 and ABA.The IbTSJT1 protein was localized in the nucleus and cell membrane.IbTSJT1-overexpressing sweetpotato plants exhibited significantly enhanced drought tolerance.Their ABA and proline contents and superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)activities were increased,and their reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging-related genes were upregulated under drought stress.The stomatal aperture assay confirmed that the IbTSJT1-overexpressing plants had greater sensitivity to ABA.The results of yeast onehybrid(Y1H)assay,electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA),luciferase reporter assay and ChIP-qPCR assay indicated that IbABF2 can directly bind to the cis-acting ABA-responsive element(ABRE)in the IbTSJT1 promoter to activate the expression of IbTSJT1.These findings suggest that IbTSJT1 mediates ABA-dependent drought stress responses and enhances drought tolerance by inducing stomatal closure and activating the ROS scavenging system in transgenic sweetpotato.Our study provides a novel gene for improving drought tolerance in sweetpotato and other plants.展开更多
基金funded by the President’s Fund of Tarim University,China(TDZKBS202408 and TDZKCX202414)the Shihezi University High-Level Talent Project,China(RCZK202339)+1 种基金the Key Technology R&D Fund for Key Fields in the Production and Construction Corps,China(2024AB007)the Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(GJ05040103)。
文摘Highlights●Salinity commonly hindered wheat germination,and using herb-derived carbon dots was an emerging approach to enhancing plant salt tolerance in agricultural production.●Wolfberry-driven carbon dots(Wo-CDs)were synthesized and applied as a nano-primer to enhance wheat salt tolerance by maintaining reactive oxygen species levels through early oxidative stress conditioning.
基金the University Grants Commission(UGC),Government of India for the UGC-Non-NET Fellowship during the PhD degree program(Grant No.R/Dev/IX-Sch/BHU-Res-Sch/2022-23/51137).
文摘Flooding in rice fields,especially in coastal regions and low-lying river basins,causes significant devastation to crops.Rice is highly susceptible to prolonged flooding,with a drastic decline in yields if inundation persists for more than 7 d,especially during the reproductive stage.Although the SUB1 QTL,which confers tolerance to complete submergence during the vegetative stage,has been incorporated into breeding programs,the development of alternative sources is crucial.These alternatives would broaden the genetic base,mitigate the influence of the genomic background,and extend the efficacy of SUB1 QTL to withstand longer submergence periods(up to approximately 21 d).Contemporary breeding strategies predominantly target submergence stress at the vegetative stage.However,stagnant flooding(partial submergence of vegetative parts)during the reproductive phase inflicts severe damage on the rice crop,leading to reduced yields,heightened susceptibility to pests and diseases,lodging,and inferior grain quality.The ability to tolerate stagnant flooding can be ascribed to several adaptive traits:accelerated aerenchyma formation,efficient underwater photosynthesis,reduced radial oxygen loss in submerged tissues,reinforced culms,enhanced reactive oxygen species scavenging within cells,dehydration tolerance post-flooding,and resistance to pests and diseases.A thorough investigation of the genetics underlying these traits,coupled with the integration of key alleles into elite genetic backgrounds,can significantly enhance food and income security in flood-prone rice-growing regions,particularly in coastal high-rainfall areas and low-lying river basins.This review aims to delineate an innovative breeding strategy that employs genomic,phenomic,and traditional breeding methodologies to develop rice varieties resilient to various dimensions of flooding stress at both the vegetative and reproductive stages.
基金Direction Generale de la Recherche Scientifique et du Developpement Technologique(DGRSDT)Algeria,and the Researchers Supporting Project No.(RSP2025R390),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Salinity stress is a major challenge for global agriculture,particularly in arid and semi-arid regions,limiting plant productivity due to water and soil salinity.These conditions particularly affect countries along the southern Mediterranean rim,including Algeria,which primarily focuses on pastoral and forage practices.This study investigates salinity tolerance and ecotypic variability in Vicia narbonensis L.,a fodder legume species recognized for its potential to reclaim marginal soils.Morphological,physiological,and biochemical responses were assessed in three ecotypes(eco2,eco9,and eco10)exposed to different salinity levels(low,moderate,and severe).The study was conducted using a completely randomized block design with three blocks per ecotype per dose.The results from the two-way analysis of variance demonstrate significant effects across nearly all attributes studied,revealing distinct ecotypic responses.These findings underscore variations in growth parameters,osmotic regulation mechanisms,and biochemical adjustments.The substantial diversity observed among these ecotypes in their response to salinity provides valuable insights for breeders addressing both agronomic and ecological challenges.Multivariate analyses,including Principal Component Analysis(PCA),revealed key variables distinguishing between ecotypes under salinity stress.Moreover,Classification based on Salinity Tolerance Indices(STI)further differentiated ecotypic performance with more precision,and this is because of the combination of the different parameters studied.These results open up new prospects for the development of strategies to improve the salinity tolerance of forage legumes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171945,32301760)the Program for Innovative Research Team(in Science and Technology)in University of Henan Province,China(22IRTSTHN023)+2 种基金the Scientific and Technological Research Project of Henan Province,China(242102111116)the National Science Foundation for Postdoctoral Scientists of China(2023M731003)the Postdoctoral Research Subsidize Fund of Henan Province,China(HN2022139)。
文摘Global warming impacts plant growth and development,which in turn threatens food security.Plants can clearly respond to warm-temperature(such as by thermomorphogenesis)and high-temperature stresses.At the molecular level,many small molecules play crucial roles in balancing growth and defense,and stable high yields can be achieved by fine-tuning the responses to external stimuli.Therefore,it is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying plant growth in response to heat stress and how plants can adjust their biological processes to survive heat stress conditions.In this review,we summarize the heat-responsive genetic networks in plants and crop plants based on recent studies.We focus on how plants sense the elevated temperatures and initiate the cellular and metabolic responses that allow them to adapt to the adverse growing conditions.We also describe the trade-off between plant growth and responses to heat stress.Specifically,we address the regulatory network of plant responses to heat stress,which will facilitate the discovery of novel thermotolerance genes and provide new opportunities for agricultural applications.
基金supported by Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan province(2024NK1010,2023NK1010,2023ZJ1080)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20208).
文摘The chalcone isomerase gene OsCHI,one of the key genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway,plays an important role in rice(Oryza sativa)resistance to abiotic stresses.This study reveals how the chalcone isomerase gene family member OsCHI3 participates in rice responses to drought stress through the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis.Overexpression of OsCHI3 increased the tolerance of rice to drought stress.In contrast,CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of OsCHI3 reduced the drought tolerance of rice,an effect that is reversed by exogenous ABA treatment.Transcriptomic and physiological biochemical analyses indicated that flavonoids regulated by OsCHI3 not only scavenge reactive oxygen species(ROS)but also increase drought tolerance in rice by stimulating ABA biosynthesis through the regulation of OsNCED1 and OsABA8ox3 expression.These findings demonstrate that OsCHI3 increases drought stress tolerance in rice by activating the antioxidant defense system and the ABA metabolic pathway,providing new clues for drought-resistant rice breeding research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32072048 and U2004204)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFF1001200)+2 种基金China Rice Research Institute Basal Research Fund(Grant No.CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202404)Academician Workstation of National Nanfan Research Institute(Sanya),Chinese Agricultural Academic Science(CAAS),(Grant Nos.YBXM2422 and YBXM2423)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS,China.
文摘The leucine-rich repeat(LRR)protein family is involved in a variety of fundamental metabolic and signaling processes in plants,including growth and defense responses.LRR proteins can be divided into two categories:those containing LRR domains along with other structural elements,which are further subdivided into five groups,LRR receptor-like kinases,LRR receptor-like proteins,nucleotide-binding site LRR proteins,LRR-extensin proteins,and polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins,and those containing only LRR domains.Functionally,various LRR proteins are primarily involved in plant development and responses to environmental stress.Notably,the LRR protein family plays a central role in signal transduction pathways related to stress adaptation.In this review,we classify and analyze the functions of LRR proteins in plants.While extensive research has been conducted on the roles of LRR proteins in disease resistance signaling,these proteins also play important roles in abiotic stress responses.This review highlights recent advances in understanding how LRR proteins mediate responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.Building upon these insights,further exploration of the roles of LRR proteins in abiotic stress resistance may aid efforts to develop rice varieties with enhanced stress and disease tolerance.
基金supported by the projects of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2300202)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20241543)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272213,32030076,U1803235,and 32021004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(XUEKEN2023013)the Jiangsu Innovation Support Program for International Science and Technology Cooperation Project,China(BZ2023049)the Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund,China(CX(22)1006)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-03)the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production,China(JCIC-MCP)。
文摘Frequent drought events severely restrict global crop productivity,especially those occurring in the reproductive stages.Moderate drought priming during the earlier growth stages is a promising strategy for allowing plants to resist recurrent severe drought stress.However,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Here,we subjected wheat plants to drought priming during the vegetative growth stage and to severe drought stress at 10 days after anthesis.We then collected leaf samples at the ends of the drought priming and recovery periods,and at the end of drought stress for transcriptome sequencing in combination with phenotypic and physiological analyses.The drought-primed wheat plants maintained a lower plant temperature,with higher stomatal openness and photosynthesis,thereby resulting in much lower 1,000-grain weight and grain yield losses under the later drought stress than the non-primed plants.Interestingly,416 genes,including 27 transcription factors(e.g.,MYB,NAC,HSF),seemed to be closely related to the improved drought tolerance as indicated by the dynamic transcriptome analysis.Moreover,the candidate genes showed six temporal expression patterns and were significantly enriched in several stress response related pathways,such as plant hormone signal transduction,starch and sucrose metabolism,arginine and proline metabolism,inositol phosphate metabolism,and wax synthesis.These findings provide new insights into the physiological and molecular mechanisms of the long-term effects of early drought priming that can effectively improve drought tolerance in wheat,and may provide potential approaches for addressing the challenges of increasing abiotic stresses and securing food safety under global warming scenarios.
基金supported by Beijing Joint Research Program for Germplasm Innovation and New Variety Breeding(Grant No.G20220628003-03)Chongqing Municipal People's Government and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences strategic cooperation project,Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2020B020220001)+3 种基金the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(Grant No.CARS-23)Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science(Grant No.CAAS-ASTIP-IVFCAAS)Central public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(Grant No.Y2017PT52)the Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops,Ministry of Agriculture,P.R.China。
文摘Heat stress causes overgrowth,leaf dryness and fruit malformation,which negatively impacts cucumber quality and yield.Yet,in spite of the devastating consequences of this abiotic stress,few genes for heat tolerance in cucumber have been identified.Here,the heat injury indices of 88 cucumber accessions representing diverse ecotypes were collected in two open-field environments,with naturally occurring high temperatures over two years.Seventeen of the 88 accessions were identified as highly heat-tolerant.Using a genome-wide association study,five loci(gHII3.1,gHII3.2,gHII3.3,gHII4.1 and gHII6.1)on three chromosomes associated with heat tolerance were detected.Pairwise linkage disequilibrium correlation,sequence polymorphisms,and qRT-PCR analyses at these loci,identified five candidate genes predicted to be casual for heat stress response in cucumber.CsaV3_3G04883,CsaV3_4G029050 and CsaV3_6G005370 each had nonsynonymous SNPs,and were significantly up-regulated by heat stress in the heat-tolerant genotypes.CsaV3_3G031890 was also induced by heat stress,but in the heatsensitive genotypes,and sequence polymorphism was only found in the promoter region.Identifying these candidate genes lays a foundation for understanding cucumber thermotolerance mechanisms.Our study is one of the few to examine heat stress in adult cucumber plants and it therefore fills a critical gap in knowledge.It is also an important first-step towards accelerating the breeding of robust heat-tolerant varieties.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK2150110022)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2208085QF189)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62202440).
文摘An in-memory storage system provides submillisecond latency and improves the concurrency of user applications by caching data into memory from external storage.Fault tolerance of in-memory storage systems is essential,as the loss of cached data requires access to data from external storage,which evidently increases the response latency.Typically,replication and erasure code(EC)are two fault-tolerant schemes that pose different trade-offs between access performance and storage usage.To help make the best performance and space trade-off,we design ElasticMem,a hybrid fault-tolerant distributed in-memory storage system that supports elastic redundancy transition to dynamically change the fault-tolerant scheme.ElasticMem exploits a novel EC-oriented replication(EOR)that carefully designs the data placement of replication according to the future data layout of EC to enhance the I/O efficiency of redundancy transition.ElasticMem solves the consistency problem caused by concurrent data accesses via a lightweight table-based scheme combined with data bypassing.It detects correlated read and write requests and serves subsequent read requests with local data.We implement a prototype that realizes ElasticMem based on Memcached.Experiments show that ElasticMem remarkably reduces the time of redundancy transition,the overall latency of correlated concurrent data accesses,and the latency of single data access among them.
基金supported by the Major Innovation Project of Shandong Province, China (2022CXGC010605)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172518 and 32002023)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFD2301103)the Key R&D Projects in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China (2022BBF02014)。
文摘Evaluating plant stress tolerance and screening key regulatory genes under the combined stresses of high temperature and drought are important for studying plant stress tolerance mechanisms. In this study, the drought tolerance of five grape varieties was evaluated under high-temperature conditions to screen key genes for further exploration of resistance mechanisms. By comparing and analysing the morphological characteristics and physiological indicators associated with the response of grapevines to drought stress and integrating them with the membership function to assess the strength of their drought tolerance, the order of drought tolerance was found to be as follows: 420A>110R>Cabernet Sauvignon(CS)>Fercal>188-08. To further analyse the mechanism of differences in drought tolerance, transcriptomic sequencing was performed on the drought-tolerant cultivar 420A, the drought-sensitive cultivar 188-08 and the control cultivar CS. The functional analysis of differential metabolic pathways indicated that the differentially expressed genes were enriched mainly in biological process category, that 420A had higher antioxidant activity. Furthermore, differentially expressed transcription factors were analyzed in five grape varieties. Genes like Vv AGL15, Vv LBD41, and Vv MYB86 showed close associations with drought tolerance,indicating their potential role in regulating drought tolerance and research significance.
基金Supported by National Basic Evidence-based Capacity Building Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine([2019]130)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province:2024-MS-042+1 种基金Xingliao Talent Program Medical Master Project:YXMJ-QNMZY-10Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory and Application of Ministry of Education open fund project:zyzx2302.
文摘Background Unsedated colonoscopy is an important method used for diagnosing colorectal cancer,but it can cause discomfort such as pain and bloating,as well as anxiety.At present,the relief is mainly achieved through methods such as changing positions and manual pressing,but the efficacy is limited.Hence alternative therapies for sedation and analgesia in unsedated colonoscopy warrant further study.Electroacupuncture(EA)can simplify the procedure of anesthesia and analgesia,while the efficacy of EA on unsedated colonoscopy remains unclear.Therefore,a well-designed randomized controlled trial is needed to demonstrate the potential efficacy of acupuncture in unsedated colonoscopy,particularly for pain relief.Methods In this prospective randomized sham-controlled trial,105 eligible participants will be recruited and randomly assigned to either EA group(n=35),sham EA group(n=35),or control group(n=35)in a 1:1:1 ratio.The EA group will receive acupuncture intervention on bilateral Hegu(LI4),Neiguan(PC6),Zusanli(ST36),and Shenmen(HT7),with LI4 and PC6 on both sides connected to the EA device.The sham EA group will received non transdermal needling on points of no meridian,and deliberately connect the needle to the incorrect output socket of EA device to block the stimulation.The needling will conducted from 30 min before the unsedated colonoscopy to the end of the colonoscopy,the whole retention time would be approximately 40 min.The participants in the control group will not receive any acupuncture intervention.All participants of the three groups will not receive any other treatment.Primary outcomes:Numerical Rating Scale(NRS)reported by participants and Face Pain Scale Revised(FPS-R)evaluated by observers of four areas of the participants during the unsedated colonoscopy.Secondary outcomes:tolerance reported by endoscopists,tolerance reported by participants,satisfaction reported by endoscopists,satisfaction reported by participants,adverse events during the unsedated colonoscopy,postoperative discomfort,unsedated colonoscopy smoothness(cecal insertion time,unwinding time,success rate of one-time intubation).Both intention-to-treat(ITT)and per-protocol(PP)analyses will be performed to assess the efficacy of EA.Discussion The trial will explore the efficacy of relieving pain,improving tolerability,and reducing undesirable adverse events of EA for unsedated colonoscopy.The results of this trial will provide sound evidence for promoting the clinical application of EA for unsedated colonoscopy.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:ChiCTR2300069903,retrospectively registered on March 16,2023.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32171947 and No.31671699)which supported this research.
文摘Saline-alkali soil severely reduces the productivity of crops,including maize(Zea mays).Although several genes associated with saline-alkali tolerance have been identified in maize,the underlying regulatory mechanism remains elusive.Here,we report a direct link between colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)and saline-alkali tolerance in maize.We identify s75,a natural maize mutant that cannot survive under moderate saline-alkali soil conditions or establish AM symbioses.The saline-alkali hypersensitive phenotype of s75 is caused by a 1340-bp deletion in Zm00001d033915,designated as ZmL75.This gene encodes a glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase localized in the endoplasmic reticulum,and is responsible for AMF colonization.ZmL75 expression levels in roots correspond with the root length colonization(RLC)rate during early vegetative development.Notably,the s75 mutant line shows a complete loss of AMF colonization,along with alterations in the diversity and structure of its root fungal microbiota.Conversely,overexpression of ZmL75 increases the RLC rate and enhances tolerance to saline-alkali soil conditions.These results suggest that ZmL75 is required for symbiosis with AMF,which directly improves saline-alkali tolerance.Our findings provide insights into maize-AMF interactions and offer a potential strategy for maize improvement.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22278415 and 52225309)Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.027GJHZ2022033GC).
文摘Environmentally friendly slow-release fertilizers are highly desired in sustainable agriculture.Encapsulating fertilizers can routinely achieve controlled releasing performances but suffers from short-term effectiveness or environmental unfriendliness.In this work,a bio-derived shellac incorporated with polydodecyl trimethoxysilane(SL-PDTMS)capsule was developed for long-term controlled releasing urea.Due to enhanced hydrophobicity and thus water resistance,the SL-PDTMS encapsulated urea fertilizer(SPEU)demonstrated a long-term effectiveness of 60 d,compared with SL encapsulated urea fertilizer(SEU,30 d)and pure urea fertilizer(U,5 min).In addition,SPEU showed a broad pH tolerance from 5.0 to 9.0,covering most various soil pH conditions.In the pot experiments,promoted growth of maize seedlings was observed after applying SPEU,rendering it promising as a high-performance controlled-released fertilizer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2002204 and 32272725)the China National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2022YFF1002500)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024M753583)the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(Grant No.2021B0301030004)Natural Science Foundation of Henan(Grant No.222300420109)。
文摘Potato(Solanum tuberosum)is a globally important staple crop.However,cultivated potato varieties are highly sensitive to low temperatures.The molecular mechanisms underlying freezing resistance in potatoes remain poorly understood.Through comparative metabolome and transcriptome analyses of freezing-tolerant(CM,Solanum commersonii)and freezing-sensitive(DM,DM1-3516R44)varieties,we identified a coldinduced UDP-glycosyltransferase gene,ScUGT73B4,which is associated with the accumulation of glycosylated flavonoids in wild CM varieties.Overexpression of ScUGT73B4 led to increased accumulation of glycosylated flavonoids and enhanced antioxidant capacity,resulting in improved freezing tolerance in potato plantlets.These findings reveal a UDP-glycosyltransferase in the flavonoid pathway and offer a potential valuable genetic resource for breeding potatoes with improved freezing tolerance.
基金Natural Science Foundation-funded Project:Study on the Mechanism of Mechanical Stress Sensing Element Piezo Type Mechanosensitive Ion Channel Component 2 Interacting with Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 2 Mediating Traumatic Brain Injury(No.82172190)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanism underlying the effect of the Huanglian decoction(黄连汤,HLD)on morphine tolerance(MT),using network pharmacology,and to verify these mechanisms in vitro and in vivo.METHODS:Available biological data on each drug in the HLD were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform.The target proteins of MT were retrieved from the GeneCards,PharmGkb,Therapeutic Target Database,DrugBank,and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man databases.Information regarding MT and the drug targets was compared to obtain overlapping elements.This information was imported into the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins platform to obtain a protein-protein interaction network diagram.Then,a“component-target”network diagram was constructed using screened drug components and target information,via Cytoscape(Institute for Systems Biology,Seattle,WA,USA).The database for annotation,visualization,and integrated discovery was used for Gene Ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways analyses.Pathway information predicted by network pharmacology was verified using animal studies and cell experiments.RESULTS:Network pharmacology analysis identified 22 active compounds of HLD and revealed that HLD partially ameliorated MT by modulating inflammatory,apoptosis,and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathways.Berberine(BBR),one of the main components of HLD,inhibited the development of MT in mice.BBR reduced cell viability while increasing B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2)protein expression and decreasing CD86,NF-κB,Bax,and Caspase-3 protein expression in brain vascular 2(BV2)mcroglia cells treated with morphine.Additionally,BBR contributed to a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokine release and apoptotic cell number.CONCLUSIONS:BBR,a key component of HLD,effectively suppressed microglial activation and neuroinflammation by regulating the NF-κB and apoptosis signaling pathways,thereby delaying MT.This study offers a novel approach to enhance the clinical analgesic efficacy of morphine.
基金supported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(2023350 to Xiaoxiao Gao).
文摘Dear Editor,Viruses of the genus Orthoebolavirus cause sporadic outbreaks of severe haemorrhagic fever,with case fatality rates ranging from 25%to 90%(Mahanty and Bray,2004).Six species of the virus(Orthoebolavirus zairense,sudanense,bundibugyoense,taiense,restonense,and bombaliense)have so far been identified(Biedenkopf et al.,2023).Among these,Orthoebolavirus zairense,commonly known as Ebola virus(EBOV),stands out as the most virulent.Given its high contagiousness and lethality,EBOV must be manipulated under biosafety level 4(BSL-4)conditions,as stipulated by the the People's Republic of China's list of human pathogenic microorganisms(National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China,2023).Prior to being removed from a BSL-4 laboratory,it is imperative that infectious EBOV undergoes complete inactivation.Here we systematically evaluate viral thermostability under BSL-4 containment conditions,demonstrating EBOV's marked thermotolerance.
文摘While most mammals find highly acidic foods aversive,many bird species have evolved remarkable tolerance for sour fruits-a crucial adaptation that has opened new ecological niches.Wild fruits can contain organic acid concentrations dozens of times higher than cultivated varieties,yet species like the redwing(Turdus iliacus)and black grouse(Tetrao tetrix)have evolved to actually prefer these acidic foods as dietary staples.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2024D01A56)the National Key Research and Develop-ment Program of China(2017YFD0201906)+2 种基金the Central Research Institutes of Basic Research and the Public Service Special Foundation(1610162022044)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-15-11)the Agricultural Sci-ence and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
文摘Background Soil available phosphorus(AP)deficiency significantly limits cotton production,particularly in arid and saline-alkaline regions.Screening cotton cultivars for low phosphorus(P)tolerance is crucial for the sustainable development of cotton production.However,the effect of different growth media on the screening outcomes remains unclear.To address this,we evaluated the low P tolerance of 25 cotton cultivars through hydroponic culture at two P levels(0.01 and 0.5 mmol·L^(-1) KH_(2)PO_(4))in 2018 and field culture with two P rates(0 and 90 kg·hm^(-2),in P2O5)in 2019.Results In the hydroponic experiments,principal component analysis(PCA)showed that shoot dry weight(SDW)and P utilization efficiency in shoots(PUES)of cotton seedlings explained over 45%of the genetic variation in P nutri-tion.Cotton cultivars were subjected to comprehensive cluster analysis,utilizing agronomic traits(SDW and PUES)during the seedling stage(hydroponic)and yield and fiber quality traits during the mature stage(in field).These cultivars were grouped into four clusters:resistant,moderately resistant,moderately sensitive,and sensitive.In low P conditions(0.01 mmol·L^(-1) KH_(2)PO_(4) and 4.5 mg·kg^(-1) AP),the low-P-resistant cluster showed significantly smaller reduc-tions in SDW(54%),seed cotton yield(3%),lint yield(-2%),fiber length(-1)%),and fiber strength(-3%)compared with the low-P-sensitive cluster(75%,13%,17%,7%,and 9%,respectively).The increase in PUES(299%)in the resist-ant cluster was also significantly higher than in the sensitive cluster(131%).Four of the eight low-P-tolerant cotton cultivars identified in the field and six in the hydroponic screening overlapped in both screenings.Two cultivars overlapped in both screening in the low-P-sensitive cluster.Conclusion Based on the screenings from both field and hydroponic cultures,ZM-9131,CCRI-79,JM-958,and J-228 were identified as low-P-tolerant cotton cultivars,while JM-169,XM-33B,SCRC-28,and LNM-18 were identified as low P-sensitive cotton cultivars.The relationship between field and hydroponic screening results for low-P-tolerant cotton cultivars was strong,although field validation is still required.The low P tolerance of these cultivars was closely associ-ated with SDW and PUES.
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1001601)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(32325037)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201718 and 32401756)the Postdoctoral Innovation Talents Support Program(BX20240420)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024T171011 and 2023M743817).
文摘Salt stress significantly inhibits crop growth and development,and mitigating this can enhance salt tolerance in various crops.Previous studies have shown that regulating saccharide biosynthesis is a key aspect of plant salt tolerance;however,the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unexplored.In this study,we demonstrate that overexpression of a salt-inducible galactinol synthase gene,ZmGolS1,alleviates salt-induced growth inhibition,likely by promoting raffinose synthesis.Additionally,we show that natural variation in ZmGolS1 transcript levels contributes to the diversity of raffinose content and salt tolerance in maize.We further reveal that ZmRR18,a type-B response regulator transcription factor,binds to the AATC element in the promoter of ZmGolS1,with this binding increases the transcript levels of ZmGolS1 under salt conditions.Moreover,a single nucleotide polymorphism(termed SNP-302T)within the ZmGolS1 promoter significantly reduces its binding affinity for ZmRR18,resulting in decreased ZmGolS1 expression and diminished raffinose content,ultimately leading to a salt-hypersensitive phenotype.Collectively,our findings reveal the molecular mechanisms by which the ZmRR18-ZmGolS1 module enhances raffinose biosynthesis,thereby promoting maize growth under salt conditions.This research provides important insights into salt tolerance mechanisms associated with saccharide biosynthesis and identifies valuable genetic loci for breeding salt-tolerant maize varieties.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for CARS-10-Sweetpotato and the Beijing Food Crops Innovation Consortium Program,China(BJLSTD03)。
文摘The TSJT1 protein belongs to the class-II glutamine amidotransferase(GATase)superfamily.Research on the functions and underlying mechanisms of TSJT1 in plants is limited.In this study,the abscisic acid(ABA)-inducible gene IbTSJT1 was isolated from drought-tolerant sweetpotato line Xushu 55-2.Its expression was strongly induced by PEG6000 and ABA.The IbTSJT1 protein was localized in the nucleus and cell membrane.IbTSJT1-overexpressing sweetpotato plants exhibited significantly enhanced drought tolerance.Their ABA and proline contents and superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)activities were increased,and their reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging-related genes were upregulated under drought stress.The stomatal aperture assay confirmed that the IbTSJT1-overexpressing plants had greater sensitivity to ABA.The results of yeast onehybrid(Y1H)assay,electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA),luciferase reporter assay and ChIP-qPCR assay indicated that IbABF2 can directly bind to the cis-acting ABA-responsive element(ABRE)in the IbTSJT1 promoter to activate the expression of IbTSJT1.These findings suggest that IbTSJT1 mediates ABA-dependent drought stress responses and enhances drought tolerance by inducing stomatal closure and activating the ROS scavenging system in transgenic sweetpotato.Our study provides a novel gene for improving drought tolerance in sweetpotato and other plants.
