Internet of Things is an ecosystem of interconnected devices that are accessible through the internet.The recent research focuses on adding more smartness and intelligence to these edge devices.This makes them suscept...Internet of Things is an ecosystem of interconnected devices that are accessible through the internet.The recent research focuses on adding more smartness and intelligence to these edge devices.This makes them susceptible to various kinds of security threats.These edge devices rely on cryptographic techniques to encrypt the pre-processed data collected from the sensors deployed in the field.In this regard,block cipher has been one of the most reliable options through which data security is accomplished.The strength of block encryption algorithms against different attacks is dependent on its nonlinear primitive which is called Substitution Boxes.For the design of S-boxes mainly algebraic and chaos-based techniques are used but researchers also found various weaknesses in these techniques.On the other side,literature endorse the true random numbers for information security due to the reason that,true random numbers are purely non-deterministic.In this paper firstly a natural dynamical phenomenon is utilized for the generation of true random numbers based S-boxes.Secondly,a systematic literature review was conducted to know which metaheuristic optimization technique is highly adopted in the current decade for the optimization of S-boxes.Based on the outcome of Systematic Literature Review(SLR),genetic algorithm is chosen for the optimization of s-boxes.The results of our method validate that the proposed dynamic S-boxes are effective for the block ciphers.Moreover,our results showed that the proposed substitution boxes achieve better cryptographic strength as compared with state-of-the-art techniques.展开更多
[Objective] The study aimed to analyze the ITS sequences of nrDNA from Rhodiola alisa and investigate the difference of evolution rate between nrDNA and trnS-trnG and rpl20-rps12 sequences of cpDNA(chloroplast DNA).[M...[Objective] The study aimed to analyze the ITS sequences of nrDNA from Rhodiola alisa and investigate the difference of evolution rate between nrDNA and trnS-trnG and rpl20-rps12 sequences of cpDNA(chloroplast DNA).[Method]Total DNA was extracted from silica-dried leaves of R.alsia by using modified CTAB method.With the extracted DNA sample as template,nrDNA ITS region was amplified,then purified and sequenced.In addition,the yielded ITS sequences were also compared with the known trnS-trnG and rpl20-rps12 sequences of cpDNA from R.alsia.[Result]The ITS sequence of nrDNA from R.alsia was 701 bp in length,of which 13 variable sites were found with a percentage of 1.85%.Of the 13 variable sites,8 were caused by point mutations,5 were the results of insertions or deletions.The(A+T)content and(G+C)content were 46.9% and 53.1%,respectively.The nucleotide diversity(π)was 0.004 27.[Conclusion]The ITS region of nrDNA from R.alsia was more conservative and evolved more slowly than the trnS-trnG and rpl20-rps12 sequences of its cpDNA.展开更多
文摘Internet of Things is an ecosystem of interconnected devices that are accessible through the internet.The recent research focuses on adding more smartness and intelligence to these edge devices.This makes them susceptible to various kinds of security threats.These edge devices rely on cryptographic techniques to encrypt the pre-processed data collected from the sensors deployed in the field.In this regard,block cipher has been one of the most reliable options through which data security is accomplished.The strength of block encryption algorithms against different attacks is dependent on its nonlinear primitive which is called Substitution Boxes.For the design of S-boxes mainly algebraic and chaos-based techniques are used but researchers also found various weaknesses in these techniques.On the other side,literature endorse the true random numbers for information security due to the reason that,true random numbers are purely non-deterministic.In this paper firstly a natural dynamical phenomenon is utilized for the generation of true random numbers based S-boxes.Secondly,a systematic literature review was conducted to know which metaheuristic optimization technique is highly adopted in the current decade for the optimization of S-boxes.Based on the outcome of Systematic Literature Review(SLR),genetic algorithm is chosen for the optimization of s-boxes.The results of our method validate that the proposed dynamic S-boxes are effective for the block ciphers.Moreover,our results showed that the proposed substitution boxes achieve better cryptographic strength as compared with state-of-the-art techniques.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30170066,30370284)National Basic Research Program of China(2008CB117013)International Foundation for Science(IFSD4258-1)~~
文摘[Objective] The study aimed to analyze the ITS sequences of nrDNA from Rhodiola alisa and investigate the difference of evolution rate between nrDNA and trnS-trnG and rpl20-rps12 sequences of cpDNA(chloroplast DNA).[Method]Total DNA was extracted from silica-dried leaves of R.alsia by using modified CTAB method.With the extracted DNA sample as template,nrDNA ITS region was amplified,then purified and sequenced.In addition,the yielded ITS sequences were also compared with the known trnS-trnG and rpl20-rps12 sequences of cpDNA from R.alsia.[Result]The ITS sequence of nrDNA from R.alsia was 701 bp in length,of which 13 variable sites were found with a percentage of 1.85%.Of the 13 variable sites,8 were caused by point mutations,5 were the results of insertions or deletions.The(A+T)content and(G+C)content were 46.9% and 53.1%,respectively.The nucleotide diversity(π)was 0.004 27.[Conclusion]The ITS region of nrDNA from R.alsia was more conservative and evolved more slowly than the trnS-trnG and rpl20-rps12 sequences of its cpDNA.
