BackgroundIt's crucial to study the effect of changes in thresholds(T)and most comfortable levels(M)on behavioral measurements in young children using cochlear implants.This would help the clinician with the optim...BackgroundIt's crucial to study the effect of changes in thresholds(T)and most comfortable levels(M)on behavioral measurements in young children using cochlear implants.This would help the clinician with the optimization and validation of programming parameters.ObjectiveThe study has attempted to describe the changes in behavioral responses with modification of T and M levels.MethodsTwenty-five participants in the age range 5 to 12 years using HR90K/HiFocus1J or HR90KAdvantage/HiFocus1J with Harmony speech processors participated in the study.A decrease in T levels,a rise in T levels,or a decrease in M levels in the everyday program were used to create experimental programs.Sound field thresholds and speech perception were measured at 50 dBHL for three experimental and everyday programs.ConclusionThe results indicated that only reductions of M levels resulted in significantly(p<0.01)poor aided thresholds and speech perception.On the other hand,variation in T levels did not have significant changes in either sound field thresholds or speech perception.The results highlight that M levels must be correctly established in order to prevent decreased speech perception and audibility.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Many researches have suggested that apolipoprotein E (APOE) and total cholesterol metabolism are closely related with dementia. In the supposed theory, 219 site of APOE promoter region is near gene coding ...BACKGROUND: Many researches have suggested that apolipoprotein E (APOE) and total cholesterol metabolism are closely related with dementia. In the supposed theory, 219 site of APOE promoter region is near gene coding region, so its polymorphism may result in the abnormality of APOE gene and protein expression, and finally lead to dementia. OBJECTIVE: To observe the association between APOE promoter-219G/T polymorphisms with serum total cholesterol in patients with Alzheimer disease, and compare it with non-dementia people. DESIGN: Case-control, comparative observation. SETTING: Department of Neurology, Fengtian Hospital of Shenyang Medical College. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-five dementia patients including 27 males and 28 females aged (66±3) years and treated in the Department of Neurology, Fengtian Hospital were selected from January 2002 to December 2005 as the Alzheimer disease group. They all diagnosed according to the DSM-Ⅳdiagnostic criteria of Alzheimer disease instituted by American Psychiatry Association in 1994. Meanwhile, 44 none-dementia patients including 21 males and 23 females aged (66±3) years were selected from other clinical departments of Fengtian Hospital as control group. All the participants were informed the detection and agreed. METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of all subjects, then 'NEST'PCR, DNA sequence and enzyme digestion were adopted to detect the expression of APOE promoter-219 polymorphism, following by biomedical statistics analysis based on the clinical total cholesterol level. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Polymorphism of APOE promoter-219 G/T and total cholesterol level. RESULTS: All 55 dementia patients and 44 non-dementia ones were involved in the result analysis. ①Allele and genotype frequency: The T allele frequency of the Alzheimer disease group was significantly higher than that in the control group [88.2% (97/110), 54.5% (48/88)], while G allele frequency was remarkably lower than that in the control group [11.8%(13/110), 45.5%(40/88), χ2=8.2, P < 0.01]. The TT allele frequency of the Alzheimer disease group was significantly higher than that in the control group [76% (42/55), 48% (21/44)], while GT+GG allele frequency was remarkably lower than that in the control group [24%(13/55), 52%(23/44), χ2=8.7, P < 0.01]. ②Total cholesterol level: The level of the TT genotype patients in the Alzheimer group was obviously higher than that in GT+GG genotype patients (t =2.46, P < 0.05); the cholesterol level in the two genotypes of the control group was similar (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: TT genotype and allele T in the APOE promoter-219 polymorphisms are the sensitive gene, and genotype TT has a relationship with the increase of total cholesterol level.展开更多
Objectives The association of methylenetetrahy-drofolate reductase(MTHFR) gene polymorphism and serum lipid profiles is still controversial in diverse ethnics.Bai Ku Yao is an isolated subgroup of the Yao minority in ...Objectives The association of methylenetetrahy-drofolate reductase(MTHFR) gene polymorphism and serum lipid profiles is still controversial in diverse ethnics.Bai Ku Yao is an isolated subgroup of the Yao minority in China. The aim of the present study was to eveluate the association of MTHFR C677Tpolymorphism and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations.Methods A total of 780 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 686 participants of Han Chinese were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples.Genotyping of the MTHFR C677T was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis,and then confirmed by direct sequencing.Results The levels of serum total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), apolipoprotein(Apo) AI and ApoB were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han(P【0.05-0.001).The frequency of C and T alleles was 77.4%and 22.6%in Bai Ku Yao,and 60.9%and 39.1%in Han(P【0.001);respectively.The frequency of CC,CT and TT genotypes was 58.7%,37.3%and 4.0%in Bai Ku Yao,and 32.6%,56.4%and 11.0%in Han(P【 0.001);respectively.The levels of TC and LDL-C in both ethnic groups were significant differences among the three genotypes(P【0.05-0.01).The T allele carriers had higher serum TC and LDL-C levels than the T allele noncarriers. The levels of ApoB in Han were significant differences among the three genotypes(P【0.05).The T allele carriers had higher serum ApoB levels as compared with the T allele noncarriers. The levels of TC,TG and LDL-C in Bai Ku Yao were correlated with genotypes(P【0.05-0.001),whereas the levels of LDL-C in Han were associated with genotypes(P【 0.001).Serum lipid parameters were also correlated with sex, age,body massindex,alcohol consumption,cigarette smoking, and blood pressure in the both ethnic groups.Conclusions The differences in serum TC,TG,LDL-C and ApoB levels between the two ethnic groups might partly result from different genotypic and allelic frequencies of the MTHFR C677Tor differentMTHFR gene-enviromental interactions.展开更多
文摘BackgroundIt's crucial to study the effect of changes in thresholds(T)and most comfortable levels(M)on behavioral measurements in young children using cochlear implants.This would help the clinician with the optimization and validation of programming parameters.ObjectiveThe study has attempted to describe the changes in behavioral responses with modification of T and M levels.MethodsTwenty-five participants in the age range 5 to 12 years using HR90K/HiFocus1J or HR90KAdvantage/HiFocus1J with Harmony speech processors participated in the study.A decrease in T levels,a rise in T levels,or a decrease in M levels in the everyday program were used to create experimental programs.Sound field thresholds and speech perception were measured at 50 dBHL for three experimental and everyday programs.ConclusionThe results indicated that only reductions of M levels resulted in significantly(p<0.01)poor aided thresholds and speech perception.On the other hand,variation in T levels did not have significant changes in either sound field thresholds or speech perception.The results highlight that M levels must be correctly established in order to prevent decreased speech perception and audibility.
文摘BACKGROUND: Many researches have suggested that apolipoprotein E (APOE) and total cholesterol metabolism are closely related with dementia. In the supposed theory, 219 site of APOE promoter region is near gene coding region, so its polymorphism may result in the abnormality of APOE gene and protein expression, and finally lead to dementia. OBJECTIVE: To observe the association between APOE promoter-219G/T polymorphisms with serum total cholesterol in patients with Alzheimer disease, and compare it with non-dementia people. DESIGN: Case-control, comparative observation. SETTING: Department of Neurology, Fengtian Hospital of Shenyang Medical College. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-five dementia patients including 27 males and 28 females aged (66±3) years and treated in the Department of Neurology, Fengtian Hospital were selected from January 2002 to December 2005 as the Alzheimer disease group. They all diagnosed according to the DSM-Ⅳdiagnostic criteria of Alzheimer disease instituted by American Psychiatry Association in 1994. Meanwhile, 44 none-dementia patients including 21 males and 23 females aged (66±3) years were selected from other clinical departments of Fengtian Hospital as control group. All the participants were informed the detection and agreed. METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of all subjects, then 'NEST'PCR, DNA sequence and enzyme digestion were adopted to detect the expression of APOE promoter-219 polymorphism, following by biomedical statistics analysis based on the clinical total cholesterol level. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Polymorphism of APOE promoter-219 G/T and total cholesterol level. RESULTS: All 55 dementia patients and 44 non-dementia ones were involved in the result analysis. ①Allele and genotype frequency: The T allele frequency of the Alzheimer disease group was significantly higher than that in the control group [88.2% (97/110), 54.5% (48/88)], while G allele frequency was remarkably lower than that in the control group [11.8%(13/110), 45.5%(40/88), χ2=8.2, P < 0.01]. The TT allele frequency of the Alzheimer disease group was significantly higher than that in the control group [76% (42/55), 48% (21/44)], while GT+GG allele frequency was remarkably lower than that in the control group [24%(13/55), 52%(23/44), χ2=8.7, P < 0.01]. ②Total cholesterol level: The level of the TT genotype patients in the Alzheimer group was obviously higher than that in GT+GG genotype patients (t =2.46, P < 0.05); the cholesterol level in the two genotypes of the control group was similar (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: TT genotype and allele T in the APOE promoter-219 polymorphisms are the sensitive gene, and genotype TT has a relationship with the increase of total cholesterol level.
文摘Objectives The association of methylenetetrahy-drofolate reductase(MTHFR) gene polymorphism and serum lipid profiles is still controversial in diverse ethnics.Bai Ku Yao is an isolated subgroup of the Yao minority in China. The aim of the present study was to eveluate the association of MTHFR C677Tpolymorphism and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations.Methods A total of 780 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 686 participants of Han Chinese were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples.Genotyping of the MTHFR C677T was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis,and then confirmed by direct sequencing.Results The levels of serum total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), apolipoprotein(Apo) AI and ApoB were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han(P【0.05-0.001).The frequency of C and T alleles was 77.4%and 22.6%in Bai Ku Yao,and 60.9%and 39.1%in Han(P【0.001);respectively.The frequency of CC,CT and TT genotypes was 58.7%,37.3%and 4.0%in Bai Ku Yao,and 32.6%,56.4%and 11.0%in Han(P【 0.001);respectively.The levels of TC and LDL-C in both ethnic groups were significant differences among the three genotypes(P【0.05-0.01).The T allele carriers had higher serum TC and LDL-C levels than the T allele noncarriers. The levels of ApoB in Han were significant differences among the three genotypes(P【0.05).The T allele carriers had higher serum ApoB levels as compared with the T allele noncarriers. The levels of TC,TG and LDL-C in Bai Ku Yao were correlated with genotypes(P【0.05-0.001),whereas the levels of LDL-C in Han were associated with genotypes(P【 0.001).Serum lipid parameters were also correlated with sex, age,body massindex,alcohol consumption,cigarette smoking, and blood pressure in the both ethnic groups.Conclusions The differences in serum TC,TG,LDL-C and ApoB levels between the two ethnic groups might partly result from different genotypic and allelic frequencies of the MTHFR C677Tor differentMTHFR gene-enviromental interactions.
