A Farewell to Arms is a classical work in the history of American literature. The author, Hemingway, creates a kind of character in his works successfully, that is, the Hemingway Hero. Due to its excellency, this nove...A Farewell to Arms is a classical work in the history of American literature. The author, Hemingway, creates a kind of character in his works successfully, that is, the Hemingway Hero. Due to its excellency, this novel is appreciated and criticized by many people. The paper aims to analyze this story in terms of structuralism. Structuralism is the belief that things cannot be understood in isolation-they have to be seen in the context of the larger structures they are part of. Parallel and contrast are two main branches in structuralism. And this novel will be analyzed in three aspects, parallel and contras in imagery, parallel and contras in characters, and parallel and contras in structure.展开更多
The dominant features of the post-war intellectual scene in France were existentialism, phenomenology, and Marxism, as well as efforts to synthesize them. In the 1960s, these theoretical currents had to cope with new ...The dominant features of the post-war intellectual scene in France were existentialism, phenomenology, and Marxism, as well as efforts to synthesize them. In the 1960s, these theoretical currents had to cope with new perspectives and ideas brought to the world of theory by the linguistically-oriented discourse of Saussure＇s structuralism and Lacanian psychoanalysis. Structuralists tried to apply structurally-linguistic model to the humanities and designed the new concept of the language, subjectivity, and society. Levi-Strauss applied the structural-linguistic analysis to the study of myths and family relationships; Lacan developed psychoanalysis based on structuralism; Althusser comes with a structuralist interpretation of Marx. Structuralists attempted to analyse the unconscious codes, rules, and binary oppositions that create the meaning, thus organizing social systems, such as sexual behaviour, fashion, culinary arts, myths, etc. Structures are unconscious, because their product and effects always overlap them. Structuralism therefore does not study individual isolated phenomena, but it moves from the analysis of phenomena that are consciously understood or known to participants in the particular discourse to their ＂unconscious infrastructures.＂ Structuralists always emphasized rigorously scientific status of their theories; at the same time, applying structurally-linguistic concepts on humanities was supposed to help to make them scientific again.展开更多
1. A General View To Structuralism What does structuralism mean? In its broadest sense structuralism is a 20th century movement in the humanities and social sciences that attach relatively little importance to ca-sual...1. A General View To Structuralism What does structuralism mean? In its broadest sense structuralism is a 20th century movement in the humanities and social sciences that attach relatively little importance to ca-sual explanation and maintains that to understand a phenomenon one must describe both its internal structure——the relations among its parts——and its relations with other phenome-展开更多
According to New Structural Economics, the ultimate direction of industrial transformation is determined by factor endowment structure and the relative price system of factors. In today＇s China, the predominant facto...According to New Structural Economics, the ultimate direction of industrial transformation is determined by factor endowment structure and the relative price system of factors. In today＇s China, the predominant factor in its labor endowment is shifting from population size to the regional movement of population and population quality, and its land endowment is changing from cheap, massive supply to expensive, limited supply, and the economy has potential of technological catch-up. Because of these three fundamental realities and the special situation that China is vast in territory and has a continuous industrial spectrum, its industrial transformation will be featured with ＂three unique regions within one country＂ and that the eastern region enters a new stage which focuses on the development of services, the six central provinces and the western triangle zone take over industries transferred from the east and the resource-rich western region becomes the ＂home front＂ as a major supplier of resources. However, this ＂three region differentiation＂ will not be automatically developed. Only in a competitive factor market, a flexible financial market and an elastic labor market can the persistent changes in endowment structure drive China＇s industrial structure towards its optimal form. To achieve this, we need to launch a series of necessary structural reforms.展开更多
Deconstruction and Structuralism are two of the twentieth century western criticism schools, and their relationship still is an issue that needs to be systematically clarified. The paper presents a review study on the...Deconstruction and Structuralism are two of the twentieth century western criticism schools, and their relationship still is an issue that needs to be systematically clarified. The paper presents a review study on the particular relationship of Deconstruction and Structuralism by comparing these two criticism schools from the respects of their origins, features, and limitations in the chronological view. It tends to prove that Deconstruction stems from the Structuralism, however Deconstruction differs itself from Structuralism in certain key features and bases itself upon a certain characteristic critique of Structuralism.展开更多
To synergistically recover alumina and alkali from red mud(RM),the structural stability and conversion mechanism of hydroandradite(HA)from hydrogarnet(HG)were investigated via the First-principles,XRF,XRD,PSD and SEM ...To synergistically recover alumina and alkali from red mud(RM),the structural stability and conversion mechanism of hydroandradite(HA)from hydrogarnet(HG)were investigated via the First-principles,XRF,XRD,PSD and SEM methods,and a novel hydrothermal process based on the conversion principle was finally proposed.The crystal structure simulation shows that the HA with varied silicon saturation coefficients is more stable than HG,and the HA with a high iron substitution coefficient is more difficult to be converted from HG.The(110)plane of Fe_(2)O_(3) is easier to combine with HG to form HA,and the binding energy is 81.93 kJ/mol.The effects of raw material ratio,solution concentration and hydrothermal parameters on the conversion from HG to HA were revealed,and the optimal conditions for the alumina recovery were obtained.The recovery efficiencies of alumina and Na_(2)O from the RM are 63.06%and 97.34%,respectively,and the Na_(2)O content in the treated RM is only 0.13%.展开更多
In this study,an inverse design framework was established to find lightweight honeycomb structures(HCSs)with high impact resistance.The hybrid HCS,composed of re-entrant(RE)and elliptical annular re-entrant(EARE)honey...In this study,an inverse design framework was established to find lightweight honeycomb structures(HCSs)with high impact resistance.The hybrid HCS,composed of re-entrant(RE)and elliptical annular re-entrant(EARE)honeycomb cells,was created by constructing arrangement matrices to achieve structural lightweight.The machine learning(ML)framework consisted of a neural network(NN)forward regression model for predicting impact resistance and a multi-objective optimization algorithm for generating high-performance designs.The surrogate of the local design space was initially realized by establishing the NN in the small sample dataset,and the active learning strategy was used to continuously extended the local optimal design until the model converged in the global space.The results indicated that the active learning strategy significantly improved the inference capability of the NN model in unknown design domains.By guiding the iteration direction of the optimization algorithm,lightweight designs with high impact resistance were identified.The energy absorption capacity of the optimal design reached 94.98%of the EARE honeycomb,while the initial peak stress and mass decreased by 28.85%and 19.91%,respectively.Furthermore,Shapley Additive Explanations(SHAP)for global explanation of the NN indicated a strong correlation between the arrangement mode of HCS and its impact resistance.By reducing the stiffness of the cells at the top boundary of the structure,the initial impact damage sustained by the structure can be significantly improved.Overall,this study proposed a general lightweight design method for array structures under impact loads,which is beneficial for the widespread application of honeycomb-based protective structures.展开更多
The evolutionarily conserved mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascades relay extracellular signals into cells,triggering a variety of cellular responses.We previously revealed NtMPK4 as a positive regulator of ni...The evolutionarily conserved mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascades relay extracellular signals into cells,triggering a variety of cellular responses.We previously revealed NtMPK4 as a positive regulator of nicotine biosynthesis;however,its upstream regulation remains unclear.Here,we characterized a MAPK cascade,comprising NtMEKK1b,NtMPKK2a,and NtMPK4,that promotes nicotine biosynthesis.This signaling module transduces external cues,including jasmonate and pathogen elicitors such as flg22,into post-translational modifications that enhance transcriptional activity and pathway gene expression.NtMPKK2a physically interacts with and phosphorylates NtMPK4 in vivo,confirming its role as an upstream kinase.RNAi-mediated silencing of NtMPKK2a significantly reduced the expression of nicotine pathway genes and decreased nicotine accumulation,whereas induced-overexpression of NtMPKK2a upregulated nicotine pathway genes and increased nicotine contents in tobacco hairy roots.Overexpression of NtMPKK2a in tobacco cells enhanced the transactivation activity of a NIC2-locus Ethylene Response Factor NtERF221 on Putrescine N-methyltransferase(NtPMT)promotor,further supporting its role in promoting nicotine biosynthesis.Furthermore,we identified NtMEKK1b,a tobacco MEKK that interacts with NtMAPKK2a in yeast cells.Knock-down of NtMEKK1b in transgenic tobacco plants attenuated the expression of nicotine pathway genes and reduced nicotine contents,whereas induced-overexpression of NtMEKK1b upregulated gene expression and nicotine accumulation.Our findings uncover a previously uncharacterized MAPK cascade module,NtMEKK1b-NtMPKK2a-NtMPK4,that regulates nicotine biosynthesis,highlighting the importance of posttranslational regulation in nicotine biosynthesis.展开更多
A RadioFrequency Quadrupole(RFQ)cooler-buncher system was developed and implemented in a collinear laser spectroscopy setup.This system converts a continuous ion beam into short bunches while enhancing the beam qualit...A RadioFrequency Quadrupole(RFQ)cooler-buncher system was developed and implemented in a collinear laser spectroscopy setup.This system converts a continuous ion beam into short bunches while enhancing the beam quality and reducing the energy spread.The functionality of the RFQ cooler buncher was verified through offline tests with stable rubidium and indium beams delivered from a surface ion source and a laser ablation ion source,respectively.Bunched ion beams with a full width at half maximum of approximately 2μs in the time-of-flight spectrum were successfully achieved with a transmission efficiency exceeding 60%.The implementation of the RFQ cooler-buncher system also significantly improved the overall transmission efficiency of the collinear laser spectroscopy setup.展开更多
new sesquiterpene-lactone,designated as neopentalenolactone D1(1),was isolated from the fermentation cultures of Streptomyces aureus SP-371,which is known for producing agricultural-bactericide aureonuclemycin.The che...new sesquiterpene-lactone,designated as neopentalenolactone D1(1),was isolated from the fermentation cultures of Streptomyces aureus SP-371,which is known for producing agricultural-bactericide aureonuclemycin.The chemical structure of compound 1 was determined to be a neopentapyrrole natural product with a 5/5/6 tricyclic skeleton and one amide functional group,by using spectroscopic techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance(1D/2D NMR)and high-resolution mass spectrometry(HR-ESI-MS).Its structural information indicates that it is probably the shunt product of neopentalenolactone biosynthetic pathway.In antibacterial activity evaluations,compound 1 demonstrated no inhibitory effects against the tested strains including Escherichia coli(DH5a),Staphylococcus aureus,and Bacillus subtilis under the experimental conditions.展开更多
To deepen understanding of the evolution of coal char microstructural properties of coal char during the co-pyrolysis of coking coal with additives,this study incorporated two typical additives,coal tar pitch(CTP)and ...To deepen understanding of the evolution of coal char microstructural properties of coal char during the co-pyrolysis of coking coal with additives,this study incorporated two typical additives,coal tar pitch(CTP)and waste plastic(HDPE),into a blended coal sample and carried out pyrolysis experiments.The pyrolysis process and the microstructure of char were systematically characterized using various analytical techniques,including thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and Raman spectroscopy.Data correlation analysis was performed to reveal the mechanism of carbon structural ordering evolution within the critical temperature range(350−600℃)from colloidal layer formation to semi-coke conversion in coking coal,and to elucidate the regulatory effects of different additives on coal pyrolysis pathways.The results indicate that HDPE releases free radicals during high-temperature pyrolysis,accelerating the pyrolysis reaction and increase the yield of volatile components.Conversely,CTP facilitates pyrolysis at low temperatures through its light components,thereby delaying high-temperature reactions due to the colloidal layer’s effect.XRD results indicate that during the process of pyrolysis,there is a progressive decrease in the interlayer spacing of aromatic layers(d002),while the aromatic ring stacking height(L_(c))and lateral size(L_(a))undergo significant of carbon skeleton ordering.Further comparative reveals that CTP partially suppresses structural ordering at low temperatures,whereas HDPE promotes the condensation and alignment of aromatic clusters via a free radical mechanism.Raman spectroscopy reveals a two-stage reorganization mechanism in the microstructure of the coal char:the decrease in the I_(D)/I_(G)ratio between 350 and 550℃is primarily attributed to the cleavage of aliphatic side chains and cross-linking bonds,leading to a reduction in defective structures;whereas the increase in ID/IG between 550 and 600℃is closely associated with enhanced condensation reactions of aromatic structures.Correlation analysis further demonstrates progressive graphitization during pyrolysis,with a significant positive correlation(R^(2)>0.85)observed between d002 and the full width at half maximum of the G-band(FWHM-G).展开更多
In this study,melamine and cyanuric acid were used as precursors to form supramolecular crystals via hydrogen-bond-assisted self-assembly followed by hydrothermal treatment.Subsequent high-temperature calcination yiel...In this study,melamine and cyanuric acid were used as precursors to form supramolecular crystals via hydrogen-bond-assisted self-assembly followed by hydrothermal treatment.Subsequent high-temperature calcination yielded a novel brush-like three-dimensional carbon nitride.The brush-like 3D architecture was found to expose more accessible active sites,markedly accelerate electron transfer,and suppress the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers.The resulting superoxide(O_(2)^(-·))and hydroxyl(·OH)radicals generated via electron reduction were identified as the key reactive species in the photocatalytic process.Moreover,the surface of the brush-like structure is enriched with nitrogen vacancies,which enhance the catalyst’s ability to harvest visible light.The photocatalytic performance of the brush-like CNS-650 catalyst was evaluated for rhodamine B(RhB)degradation.Under red-light irradiation(660 nm),its degradation rate was 7.4 times higher than that of bulk CN.This work provides valuable insights into the design and application of efficient metal-free 3D photocatalysts.展开更多
In this study,a novel polysaccharide GPA-G 2-H was derived from ginseng.Furthermore,the coherent study of its structural characteristics,fermented characteristics in vitro,as well as antioxidant mechanism of fermented...In this study,a novel polysaccharide GPA-G 2-H was derived from ginseng.Furthermore,the coherent study of its structural characteristics,fermented characteristics in vitro,as well as antioxidant mechanism of fermented product FGPA-G 2-H on Aβ25-35-induced PC 12 cells were explored.The structure of GPA-G 2-H was determined by means of zeta potential analysis,FTIR,HPLC,XRD,GC-MS and NMR.The backbone of GPA-G 2-H was mainly composed of→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→with branches substituted at O-3.Notably,GPA-G 2-H was degraded by intestinal microbiota in vitro with total sugar content and pH value decreasing,and short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)increasing.Moreover,GPA-G 2-H significantly promoted the proliferation of Lactobacillus,Muribaculaceae and Weissella,thereby making positive alterations in intestinal microbiota composition.Additionally,FGPA-G 2-H activated the Nrf 2/HO-1 signaling pathway,enhanced HO-1,NQO 1,SOD and GSH-Px,while inhabited Keap 1,MDA and LDH,which alleviated Aβ-induced oxidative stress in PC 12 cells.These provide a solid theoretical basis for the further development of ginseng polysaccharides as functional food and antioxidant drugs.展开更多
Two new glutarimide derivatives,2-hydroxy-3-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl-5-hydroxymethyl)-2-oxoethyl]glutarimide(1)and 2-hydroxy-3-[2-[2-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-5-methylphenyl]-2-oxoethyl]glutarimide(2),along with 8 k...Two new glutarimide derivatives,2-hydroxy-3-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl-5-hydroxymethyl)-2-oxoethyl]glutarimide(1)and 2-hydroxy-3-[2-[2-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-5-methylphenyl]-2-oxoethyl]glutarimide(2),along with 8 known compounds were isolated from the liquid fermentation broth of endophytic Streptomyces sp.YINM00048 obtained from Agrimonia pilosa.Their structures were elucidated through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis,including nuclear magnetic resonance,high-resolution mass spectrometry,and single-crystal X-ray diffraction,supported by time-dependent density functional theory(TDDFT)-electronic circular dichroism(ECD)calculations.Furthermore,compound 2 displayed weak cytotoxic activity against A549 and SMMC-7721 cell lines with IC50 values of 62.69 and 55.07μmol/L,respectively.展开更多
Two Co(Ⅱ)and Ni(Ⅱ)complexes were synthesized by synergistic coordination of 3,3-diphenylpropionic acid(HDPA)and 2,2′-bipyridylamine(PAm).The structures of complexes[Co(DPA)_(2)(PAm)]·2H_(2)O(1)and[Ni(DPA)_(2)(...Two Co(Ⅱ)and Ni(Ⅱ)complexes were synthesized by synergistic coordination of 3,3-diphenylpropionic acid(HDPA)and 2,2′-bipyridylamine(PAm).The structures of complexes[Co(DPA)_(2)(PAm)]·2H_(2)O(1)and[Ni(DPA)_(2)(PAm)]·2H_(2)O(2)were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,IR spectroscopy,and powder X-ray diffraction.Hirshfeld surface analysis provided quantitative insights into the intermolecular interactions within the complexes,while molecular docking studies elucidated their binding modes and affinities toward urease.Furthermore,the biological activities of both complexes were systematically evaluated through a range of assays,including DNA binding,urease inhibition,antibacterial activity,and in vitro cytotoxicity against cancer cells.Both complexes exhibited binding affinity for DNA and displayed notable urease inhibitory activity.Under in vitro conditions,both complexes showed appreciable cytotoxicity toward HepG2 cells with efficacy comparable to clinically used platinumbased anticancer agents.CCDC:2479943,1;2479944,2.展开更多
The single-event susceptibility of three silicon carbide(SiC)metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(MOSFET)power devices structures(planar,trench and double trench)is researched by the technology computer-a...The single-event susceptibility of three silicon carbide(SiC)metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(MOSFET)power devices structures(planar,trench and double trench)is researched by the technology computer-aided design(TCAD)simulation.Comparative analysis of the heavy-ion irradiation effects on three device structures reveals distinct susceptibility characteristics.The gate oxide region is identified as the most sensitive position in planar devices,while trench and doubletrench structures exhibit no localized sensitive regions.Furthermore,the single-event susceptibility demonstrates strong depth dependence across all three structures,with enhanced vulnerability observed at greater ion penetration depths.展开更多
Six new lanthanide complexes:[Ln(3,4-DEOBA)3(4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy)]2·2C_(2)H_(5)OH,[Ln=Dy(1),Eu(2),Tb(3),Sm(4),Ho(5),Gd(6);3,4-DEOBA-=3,4-diethoxybenzoate,4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy=4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'...Six new lanthanide complexes:[Ln(3,4-DEOBA)3(4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy)]2·2C_(2)H_(5)OH,[Ln=Dy(1),Eu(2),Tb(3),Sm(4),Ho(5),Gd(6);3,4-DEOBA-=3,4-diethoxybenzoate,4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy=4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine]were successfully synthesized by the volatilization of the solution at room temperature.The crystal structures of six complexes were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction technology.The results showed that the complexes all have a binuclear structure,and the structures contain free ethanol molecules.Moreover,the coordination number of the central metal of each structural unit is eight.Adjacent structural units interact with each other through hydrogen bonds and further expand to form 1D chain-like and 2D planar structures.After conducting a systematic study on the luminescence properties of complexes 1-4,their emission and excitation spectra were obtained.Experimental results indicated that the fluorescence lifetimes of complexes 2 and 3 were 0.807 and 0.845 ms,respectively.The emission spectral data of complexes 1-4 were imported into the CIE chromaticity coordinate system,and their corre sponding luminescent regions cover the yellow light,red light,green light,and orange-red light bands,respectively.Within the temperature range of 299.15-1300 K,the thermal decomposition processes of the six complexes were comprehensively analyzed by using TG-DSC/FTIR/MS technology.The hypothesis of the gradual loss of ligand groups during the decomposition process was verified by detecting the escaped gas,3D infrared spectroscopy,and ion fragment information detected by mass spectrometry.The specific decomposition path is as follows:firstly,free ethanol molecules and neutral ligands are removed,and finally,acidic ligands are released;the final product is the corresponding metal oxide.CCDC:2430420,1;2430422,2;2430419,3;2430424,4;2430421,5;2430423,6.展开更多
A metal-organic framework{[Zn(L)_(0.5)(1,2,4,5-tpb)_(0.5)]·DMF·3H_(2)O}_(n)(1)was synthesized by solvothermal reaction,where H4L=5,5'-(ethane-1,2-diyl)diisophthalic acid,and 1,2,4,5-tpb=1,2,4,5-tetra(pyr...A metal-organic framework{[Zn(L)_(0.5)(1,2,4,5-tpb)_(0.5)]·DMF·3H_(2)O}_(n)(1)was synthesized by solvothermal reaction,where H4L=5,5'-(ethane-1,2-diyl)diisophthalic acid,and 1,2,4,5-tpb=1,2,4,5-tetra(pyridin-4-yl)benzene.The analysis of the single crystal structure indicates that L^(4-)and 1,2,4,5-tpb are connected with Zn(Ⅱ)to form a 2D layered structure,and the layers are linked by 1,2,4,5-tpb to form a 3D structure.1 can be used as a highly selective fluorescent probe for the detection of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine(DNP)and tetracycline(TET),and the detection limits were 0.013 and 0.31μmol·L^(-1),respectively.1 was applied successfully to the determination of TET content in the Yanhe River water sample.CCDC:2466221.展开更多
A gradient structure was introduced into a metal laminated target plate,and the anti-penetration simulation of the gradient structure was compared with that of a uniform-layer-thickness target plate by finite element ...A gradient structure was introduced into a metal laminated target plate,and the anti-penetration simulation of the gradient structure was compared with that of a uniform-layer-thickness target plate by finite element simulation.The analysis was verified by an impact experiment.Results show that the high-level thickness and appropriate percentage of Ti alloy at the upper side of the gradient structure provide greater impact resistance against the bullet,which increases the warhead breakage and enhances the anti-penetration performance.In addition,during the impact process,the stress is transmitted and reflected in the form of waves in each layer of the target plate,and the interaction between the compression and tension waves causes non-synergistic deformation of the target plate and leads to delamination.The gradient target plate takes penetration resistance a step further through the higher energy absorption rate and more consumption of the bullet kinetic energy.This research provides a theoretical basis for the application of gradient structures in metallic laminated armor.展开更多
文摘A Farewell to Arms is a classical work in the history of American literature. The author, Hemingway, creates a kind of character in his works successfully, that is, the Hemingway Hero. Due to its excellency, this novel is appreciated and criticized by many people. The paper aims to analyze this story in terms of structuralism. Structuralism is the belief that things cannot be understood in isolation-they have to be seen in the context of the larger structures they are part of. Parallel and contrast are two main branches in structuralism. And this novel will be analyzed in three aspects, parallel and contras in imagery, parallel and contras in characters, and parallel and contras in structure.
文摘The dominant features of the post-war intellectual scene in France were existentialism, phenomenology, and Marxism, as well as efforts to synthesize them. In the 1960s, these theoretical currents had to cope with new perspectives and ideas brought to the world of theory by the linguistically-oriented discourse of Saussure＇s structuralism and Lacanian psychoanalysis. Structuralists tried to apply structurally-linguistic model to the humanities and designed the new concept of the language, subjectivity, and society. Levi-Strauss applied the structural-linguistic analysis to the study of myths and family relationships; Lacan developed psychoanalysis based on structuralism; Althusser comes with a structuralist interpretation of Marx. Structuralists attempted to analyse the unconscious codes, rules, and binary oppositions that create the meaning, thus organizing social systems, such as sexual behaviour, fashion, culinary arts, myths, etc. Structures are unconscious, because their product and effects always overlap them. Structuralism therefore does not study individual isolated phenomena, but it moves from the analysis of phenomena that are consciously understood or known to participants in the particular discourse to their ＂unconscious infrastructures.＂ Structuralists always emphasized rigorously scientific status of their theories; at the same time, applying structurally-linguistic concepts on humanities was supposed to help to make them scientific again.
文摘1. A General View To Structuralism What does structuralism mean? In its broadest sense structuralism is a 20th century movement in the humanities and social sciences that attach relatively little importance to ca-sual explanation and maintains that to understand a phenomenon one must describe both its internal structure——the relations among its parts——and its relations with other phenome-
文摘According to New Structural Economics, the ultimate direction of industrial transformation is determined by factor endowment structure and the relative price system of factors. In today＇s China, the predominant factor in its labor endowment is shifting from population size to the regional movement of population and population quality, and its land endowment is changing from cheap, massive supply to expensive, limited supply, and the economy has potential of technological catch-up. Because of these three fundamental realities and the special situation that China is vast in territory and has a continuous industrial spectrum, its industrial transformation will be featured with ＂three unique regions within one country＂ and that the eastern region enters a new stage which focuses on the development of services, the six central provinces and the western triangle zone take over industries transferred from the east and the resource-rich western region becomes the ＂home front＂ as a major supplier of resources. However, this ＂three region differentiation＂ will not be automatically developed. Only in a competitive factor market, a flexible financial market and an elastic labor market can the persistent changes in endowment structure drive China＇s industrial structure towards its optimal form. To achieve this, we need to launch a series of necessary structural reforms.
文摘Deconstruction and Structuralism are two of the twentieth century western criticism schools, and their relationship still is an issue that needs to be systematically clarified. The paper presents a review study on the particular relationship of Deconstruction and Structuralism by comparing these two criticism schools from the respects of their origins, features, and limitations in the chronological view. It tends to prove that Deconstruction stems from the Structuralism, however Deconstruction differs itself from Structuralism in certain key features and bases itself upon a certain characteristic critique of Structuralism.
基金the financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC2904405)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22078055,51774079)。
文摘To synergistically recover alumina and alkali from red mud(RM),the structural stability and conversion mechanism of hydroandradite(HA)from hydrogarnet(HG)were investigated via the First-principles,XRF,XRD,PSD and SEM methods,and a novel hydrothermal process based on the conversion principle was finally proposed.The crystal structure simulation shows that the HA with varied silicon saturation coefficients is more stable than HG,and the HA with a high iron substitution coefficient is more difficult to be converted from HG.The(110)plane of Fe_(2)O_(3) is easier to combine with HG to form HA,and the binding energy is 81.93 kJ/mol.The effects of raw material ratio,solution concentration and hydrothermal parameters on the conversion from HG to HA were revealed,and the optimal conditions for the alumina recovery were obtained.The recovery efficiencies of alumina and Na_(2)O from the RM are 63.06%and 97.34%,respectively,and the Na_(2)O content in the treated RM is only 0.13%.
基金the financial supports from National Key R&D Program for Young Scientists of China(Grant No.2022YFC3080900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52374181)+1 种基金BIT Research and Innovation Promoting Project(Grant No.2024YCXZ017)supported by Science and Technology Innovation Program of Beijing institute of technology under Grant No.2022CX01025。
文摘In this study,an inverse design framework was established to find lightweight honeycomb structures(HCSs)with high impact resistance.The hybrid HCS,composed of re-entrant(RE)and elliptical annular re-entrant(EARE)honeycomb cells,was created by constructing arrangement matrices to achieve structural lightweight.The machine learning(ML)framework consisted of a neural network(NN)forward regression model for predicting impact resistance and a multi-objective optimization algorithm for generating high-performance designs.The surrogate of the local design space was initially realized by establishing the NN in the small sample dataset,and the active learning strategy was used to continuously extended the local optimal design until the model converged in the global space.The results indicated that the active learning strategy significantly improved the inference capability of the NN model in unknown design domains.By guiding the iteration direction of the optimization algorithm,lightweight designs with high impact resistance were identified.The energy absorption capacity of the optimal design reached 94.98%of the EARE honeycomb,while the initial peak stress and mass decreased by 28.85%and 19.91%,respectively.Furthermore,Shapley Additive Explanations(SHAP)for global explanation of the NN indicated a strong correlation between the arrangement mode of HCS and its impact resistance.By reducing the stiffness of the cells at the top boundary of the structure,the initial impact damage sustained by the structure can be significantly improved.Overall,this study proposed a general lightweight design method for array structures under impact loads,which is beneficial for the widespread application of honeycomb-based protective structures.
基金supported partially by the Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center(KTRDC),University of Kentucky.
文摘The evolutionarily conserved mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascades relay extracellular signals into cells,triggering a variety of cellular responses.We previously revealed NtMPK4 as a positive regulator of nicotine biosynthesis;however,its upstream regulation remains unclear.Here,we characterized a MAPK cascade,comprising NtMEKK1b,NtMPKK2a,and NtMPK4,that promotes nicotine biosynthesis.This signaling module transduces external cues,including jasmonate and pathogen elicitors such as flg22,into post-translational modifications that enhance transcriptional activity and pathway gene expression.NtMPKK2a physically interacts with and phosphorylates NtMPK4 in vivo,confirming its role as an upstream kinase.RNAi-mediated silencing of NtMPKK2a significantly reduced the expression of nicotine pathway genes and decreased nicotine accumulation,whereas induced-overexpression of NtMPKK2a upregulated nicotine pathway genes and increased nicotine contents in tobacco hairy roots.Overexpression of NtMPKK2a in tobacco cells enhanced the transactivation activity of a NIC2-locus Ethylene Response Factor NtERF221 on Putrescine N-methyltransferase(NtPMT)promotor,further supporting its role in promoting nicotine biosynthesis.Furthermore,we identified NtMEKK1b,a tobacco MEKK that interacts with NtMAPKK2a in yeast cells.Knock-down of NtMEKK1b in transgenic tobacco plants attenuated the expression of nicotine pathway genes and reduced nicotine contents,whereas induced-overexpression of NtMEKK1b upregulated gene expression and nicotine accumulation.Our findings uncover a previously uncharacterized MAPK cascade module,NtMEKK1b-NtMPKK2a-NtMPK4,that regulates nicotine biosynthesis,highlighting the importance of posttranslational regulation in nicotine biosynthesis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12027809,12350007)National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2022YFA1605100,2023YFA1606403,and 2023YFE0101600)+1 种基金New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZEfunding from the European Research Council(ERC)under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No.679038.
文摘A RadioFrequency Quadrupole(RFQ)cooler-buncher system was developed and implemented in a collinear laser spectroscopy setup.This system converts a continuous ion beam into short bunches while enhancing the beam quality and reducing the energy spread.The functionality of the RFQ cooler buncher was verified through offline tests with stable rubidium and indium beams delivered from a surface ion source and a laser ablation ion source,respectively.Bunched ion beams with a full width at half maximum of approximately 2μs in the time-of-flight spectrum were successfully achieved with a transmission efficiency exceeding 60%.The implementation of the RFQ cooler-buncher system also significantly improved the overall transmission efficiency of the collinear laser spectroscopy setup.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22077134)。
文摘new sesquiterpene-lactone,designated as neopentalenolactone D1(1),was isolated from the fermentation cultures of Streptomyces aureus SP-371,which is known for producing agricultural-bactericide aureonuclemycin.The chemical structure of compound 1 was determined to be a neopentapyrrole natural product with a 5/5/6 tricyclic skeleton and one amide functional group,by using spectroscopic techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance(1D/2D NMR)and high-resolution mass spectrometry(HR-ESI-MS).Its structural information indicates that it is probably the shunt product of neopentalenolactone biosynthetic pathway.In antibacterial activity evaluations,compound 1 demonstrated no inhibitory effects against the tested strains including Escherichia coli(DH5a),Staphylococcus aureus,and Bacillus subtilis under the experimental conditions.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22378180,22078141)Education Department Foundation of Liaoning Province(JYTMS20230960)。
文摘To deepen understanding of the evolution of coal char microstructural properties of coal char during the co-pyrolysis of coking coal with additives,this study incorporated two typical additives,coal tar pitch(CTP)and waste plastic(HDPE),into a blended coal sample and carried out pyrolysis experiments.The pyrolysis process and the microstructure of char were systematically characterized using various analytical techniques,including thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and Raman spectroscopy.Data correlation analysis was performed to reveal the mechanism of carbon structural ordering evolution within the critical temperature range(350−600℃)from colloidal layer formation to semi-coke conversion in coking coal,and to elucidate the regulatory effects of different additives on coal pyrolysis pathways.The results indicate that HDPE releases free radicals during high-temperature pyrolysis,accelerating the pyrolysis reaction and increase the yield of volatile components.Conversely,CTP facilitates pyrolysis at low temperatures through its light components,thereby delaying high-temperature reactions due to the colloidal layer’s effect.XRD results indicate that during the process of pyrolysis,there is a progressive decrease in the interlayer spacing of aromatic layers(d002),while the aromatic ring stacking height(L_(c))and lateral size(L_(a))undergo significant of carbon skeleton ordering.Further comparative reveals that CTP partially suppresses structural ordering at low temperatures,whereas HDPE promotes the condensation and alignment of aromatic clusters via a free radical mechanism.Raman spectroscopy reveals a two-stage reorganization mechanism in the microstructure of the coal char:the decrease in the I_(D)/I_(G)ratio between 350 and 550℃is primarily attributed to the cleavage of aliphatic side chains and cross-linking bonds,leading to a reduction in defective structures;whereas the increase in ID/IG between 550 and 600℃is closely associated with enhanced condensation reactions of aromatic structures.Correlation analysis further demonstrates progressive graphitization during pyrolysis,with a significant positive correlation(R^(2)>0.85)observed between d002 and the full width at half maximum of the G-band(FWHM-G).
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 22578376,52374283)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant BK20240332)。
文摘In this study,melamine and cyanuric acid were used as precursors to form supramolecular crystals via hydrogen-bond-assisted self-assembly followed by hydrothermal treatment.Subsequent high-temperature calcination yielded a novel brush-like three-dimensional carbon nitride.The brush-like 3D architecture was found to expose more accessible active sites,markedly accelerate electron transfer,and suppress the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers.The resulting superoxide(O_(2)^(-·))and hydroxyl(·OH)radicals generated via electron reduction were identified as the key reactive species in the photocatalytic process.Moreover,the surface of the brush-like structure is enriched with nitrogen vacancies,which enhance the catalyst’s ability to harvest visible light.The photocatalytic performance of the brush-like CNS-650 catalyst was evaluated for rhodamine B(RhB)degradation.Under red-light irradiation(660 nm),its degradation rate was 7.4 times higher than that of bulk CN.This work provides valuable insights into the design and application of efficient metal-free 3D photocatalysts.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization Project,China(No.2023YFC3504000)the Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province,China(No.20240404043ZP)the Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Project of Changchun Science and Technology Bureau and Chinese Academy of Sciences,China(No.23SH14)。
文摘In this study,a novel polysaccharide GPA-G 2-H was derived from ginseng.Furthermore,the coherent study of its structural characteristics,fermented characteristics in vitro,as well as antioxidant mechanism of fermented product FGPA-G 2-H on Aβ25-35-induced PC 12 cells were explored.The structure of GPA-G 2-H was determined by means of zeta potential analysis,FTIR,HPLC,XRD,GC-MS and NMR.The backbone of GPA-G 2-H was mainly composed of→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→with branches substituted at O-3.Notably,GPA-G 2-H was degraded by intestinal microbiota in vitro with total sugar content and pH value decreasing,and short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)increasing.Moreover,GPA-G 2-H significantly promoted the proliferation of Lactobacillus,Muribaculaceae and Weissella,thereby making positive alterations in intestinal microbiota composition.Additionally,FGPA-G 2-H activated the Nrf 2/HO-1 signaling pathway,enhanced HO-1,NQO 1,SOD and GSH-Px,while inhabited Keap 1,MDA and LDH,which alleviated Aβ-induced oxidative stress in PC 12 cells.These provide a solid theoretical basis for the further development of ginseng polysaccharides as functional food and antioxidant drugs.
文摘Two new glutarimide derivatives,2-hydroxy-3-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl-5-hydroxymethyl)-2-oxoethyl]glutarimide(1)and 2-hydroxy-3-[2-[2-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-5-methylphenyl]-2-oxoethyl]glutarimide(2),along with 8 known compounds were isolated from the liquid fermentation broth of endophytic Streptomyces sp.YINM00048 obtained from Agrimonia pilosa.Their structures were elucidated through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis,including nuclear magnetic resonance,high-resolution mass spectrometry,and single-crystal X-ray diffraction,supported by time-dependent density functional theory(TDDFT)-electronic circular dichroism(ECD)calculations.Furthermore,compound 2 displayed weak cytotoxic activity against A549 and SMMC-7721 cell lines with IC50 values of 62.69 and 55.07μmol/L,respectively.
文摘Two Co(Ⅱ)and Ni(Ⅱ)complexes were synthesized by synergistic coordination of 3,3-diphenylpropionic acid(HDPA)and 2,2′-bipyridylamine(PAm).The structures of complexes[Co(DPA)_(2)(PAm)]·2H_(2)O(1)and[Ni(DPA)_(2)(PAm)]·2H_(2)O(2)were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,IR spectroscopy,and powder X-ray diffraction.Hirshfeld surface analysis provided quantitative insights into the intermolecular interactions within the complexes,while molecular docking studies elucidated their binding modes and affinities toward urease.Furthermore,the biological activities of both complexes were systematically evaluated through a range of assays,including DNA binding,urease inhibition,antibacterial activity,and in vitro cytotoxicity against cancer cells.Both complexes exhibited binding affinity for DNA and displayed notable urease inhibitory activity.Under in vitro conditions,both complexes showed appreciable cytotoxicity toward HepG2 cells with efficacy comparable to clinically used platinumbased anticancer agents.CCDC:2479943,1;2479944,2.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFA1609000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62474190,U22B2043,U2267210)。
文摘The single-event susceptibility of three silicon carbide(SiC)metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(MOSFET)power devices structures(planar,trench and double trench)is researched by the technology computer-aided design(TCAD)simulation.Comparative analysis of the heavy-ion irradiation effects on three device structures reveals distinct susceptibility characteristics.The gate oxide region is identified as the most sensitive position in planar devices,while trench and doubletrench structures exhibit no localized sensitive regions.Furthermore,the single-event susceptibility demonstrates strong depth dependence across all three structures,with enhanced vulnerability observed at greater ion penetration depths.
文摘Six new lanthanide complexes:[Ln(3,4-DEOBA)3(4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy)]2·2C_(2)H_(5)OH,[Ln=Dy(1),Eu(2),Tb(3),Sm(4),Ho(5),Gd(6);3,4-DEOBA-=3,4-diethoxybenzoate,4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy=4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine]were successfully synthesized by the volatilization of the solution at room temperature.The crystal structures of six complexes were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction technology.The results showed that the complexes all have a binuclear structure,and the structures contain free ethanol molecules.Moreover,the coordination number of the central metal of each structural unit is eight.Adjacent structural units interact with each other through hydrogen bonds and further expand to form 1D chain-like and 2D planar structures.After conducting a systematic study on the luminescence properties of complexes 1-4,their emission and excitation spectra were obtained.Experimental results indicated that the fluorescence lifetimes of complexes 2 and 3 were 0.807 and 0.845 ms,respectively.The emission spectral data of complexes 1-4 were imported into the CIE chromaticity coordinate system,and their corre sponding luminescent regions cover the yellow light,red light,green light,and orange-red light bands,respectively.Within the temperature range of 299.15-1300 K,the thermal decomposition processes of the six complexes were comprehensively analyzed by using TG-DSC/FTIR/MS technology.The hypothesis of the gradual loss of ligand groups during the decomposition process was verified by detecting the escaped gas,3D infrared spectroscopy,and ion fragment information detected by mass spectrometry.The specific decomposition path is as follows:firstly,free ethanol molecules and neutral ligands are removed,and finally,acidic ligands are released;the final product is the corresponding metal oxide.CCDC:2430420,1;2430422,2;2430419,3;2430424,4;2430421,5;2430423,6.
文摘A metal-organic framework{[Zn(L)_(0.5)(1,2,4,5-tpb)_(0.5)]·DMF·3H_(2)O}_(n)(1)was synthesized by solvothermal reaction,where H4L=5,5'-(ethane-1,2-diyl)diisophthalic acid,and 1,2,4,5-tpb=1,2,4,5-tetra(pyridin-4-yl)benzene.The analysis of the single crystal structure indicates that L^(4-)and 1,2,4,5-tpb are connected with Zn(Ⅱ)to form a 2D layered structure,and the layers are linked by 1,2,4,5-tpb to form a 3D structure.1 can be used as a highly selective fluorescent probe for the detection of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine(DNP)and tetracycline(TET),and the detection limits were 0.013 and 0.31μmol·L^(-1),respectively.1 was applied successfully to the determination of TET content in the Yanhe River water sample.CCDC:2466221.
基金National Defense Basic Scientific Research Program of China(JCKY2020408B002,WDZC2022-12)Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province(202102050201011,202202050201014)Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(20210302124178,20210302123061,202103021224183)。
文摘A gradient structure was introduced into a metal laminated target plate,and the anti-penetration simulation of the gradient structure was compared with that of a uniform-layer-thickness target plate by finite element simulation.The analysis was verified by an impact experiment.Results show that the high-level thickness and appropriate percentage of Ti alloy at the upper side of the gradient structure provide greater impact resistance against the bullet,which increases the warhead breakage and enhances the anti-penetration performance.In addition,during the impact process,the stress is transmitted and reflected in the form of waves in each layer of the target plate,and the interaction between the compression and tension waves causes non-synergistic deformation of the target plate and leads to delamination.The gradient target plate takes penetration resistance a step further through the higher energy absorption rate and more consumption of the bullet kinetic energy.This research provides a theoretical basis for the application of gradient structures in metallic laminated armor.
