In order to provide scientists with a computational methodology and some computational tools to program their epistemic processes in scientific discovery, we are establishing a novel programming paradigm, named ‘Epis...In order to provide scientists with a computational methodology and some computational tools to program their epistemic processes in scientific discovery, we are establishing a novel programming paradigm, named ‘Epistemic Programming’, which regards conditionals as the subject of computing, takes primary epistemic operations as basic operations of computing, and regards epistemic processes as the subject of programming. This paper presents our fundamental observations and assumptions on scientific discovery processes and their automation, research problems on modeling, automating, and programming epistemic processes, and an outline of our research project of Epistemic Programming.展开更多
This study discusses a guideline on a proper use of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) that has been widely used for performance analysis in public and private sectors. The use of DEA is equipped with Strong Complementar...This study discusses a guideline on a proper use of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) that has been widely used for performance analysis in public and private sectors. The use of DEA is equipped with Strong Complementary Slackness Conditions (SCSCs) in this study, but an application of DEA/SCSCs depends upon its careful use, as summarized in the guideline. The guideline consists of the five suggestions. First, a data set used in the DEA applications should not have a ratio variable (e.g., financial ratios) in an input(s) and/or an output(s). Second, radial DEA models under variable and constant Returns to Scale (RTS) need a special treatment on zero in a data set. Third, the DEA evaluation needs to drop an outlier. Fourth, an imprecise number (e.g., 1/3) may suffer from a round-off error because DEA needs to specify it in a precise expression to operate a computer code. Finally, when a large input or output variable may dominate other variables in DEA computation, it is necessary to normalize the data set or simply to divide each observation by its average. Such a simple treatment produces more reliable DEA results than the one without any data adjustment. This study also discusses how to handle an occurrence of zero in DEA multipliers by applying SCSCs. The DEA/SCSCs can serve for a multiplier restriction approach without any prior information. Thus, the propesed DEA/SCSCs can provide more reliable results than a straight use of DEA.展开更多
This paper focuses on the study for the stability of stochastic nonlinear programming when the probability measure is perturbed. Under the Lipschitz continuity of the objective function and metric regularity of the fe...This paper focuses on the study for the stability of stochastic nonlinear programming when the probability measure is perturbed. Under the Lipschitz continuity of the objective function and metric regularity of the feasible set-valued mapping, the outer semicontinuity of the optimal solution set and Lipschitz continuity of optimal values are guaranteed. Importantly,it is proved that, if the linear independence constraint qualification and strong second-order sufficient condition hold at a local minimum point of the original problem, there exists a Lipschitz continuous solution path satisfying the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions.展开更多
"社会与情绪学习"(Social and Emotional Learning,简称SEL)课程在美国学校教育中的兴起与发展,有其深刻的社会背景,其课程理念旨在教授学生情感、社会和生活技能,以促进其身心健康发展。"强壮儿童计划"(Strong Kid..."社会与情绪学习"(Social and Emotional Learning,简称SEL)课程在美国学校教育中的兴起与发展,有其深刻的社会背景,其课程理念旨在教授学生情感、社会和生活技能,以促进其身心健康发展。"强壮儿童计划"(Strong Kids programs)是社会与情绪学习课程开发的典型个案,侧重对学生情感教育、认知重组、人际问题解决、社会技能训练、同感训练、压力释放和行为改变等方面进行有效干预,取得了较为明显的教育成效。美国社会与情绪学习在学校层面的课程开发,与我国中小学心理健康与思想品德教育课程改革具有一定的相通性。在课程理念、目标、内容、形式和手段等方面,我们可以借鉴和吸收其相关研究及课程开发的有益因素,促进中小学心理健康与思想品德教育质量与效果的提升。展开更多
基金Supported in part by The Ministry of EducationCulture+1 种基金SportsScience and Technology of Japan under Grant-in-Aid for Explor
文摘In order to provide scientists with a computational methodology and some computational tools to program their epistemic processes in scientific discovery, we are establishing a novel programming paradigm, named ‘Epistemic Programming’, which regards conditionals as the subject of computing, takes primary epistemic operations as basic operations of computing, and regards epistemic processes as the subject of programming. This paper presents our fundamental observations and assumptions on scientific discovery processes and their automation, research problems on modeling, automating, and programming epistemic processes, and an outline of our research project of Epistemic Programming.
文摘This study discusses a guideline on a proper use of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) that has been widely used for performance analysis in public and private sectors. The use of DEA is equipped with Strong Complementary Slackness Conditions (SCSCs) in this study, but an application of DEA/SCSCs depends upon its careful use, as summarized in the guideline. The guideline consists of the five suggestions. First, a data set used in the DEA applications should not have a ratio variable (e.g., financial ratios) in an input(s) and/or an output(s). Second, radial DEA models under variable and constant Returns to Scale (RTS) need a special treatment on zero in a data set. Third, the DEA evaluation needs to drop an outlier. Fourth, an imprecise number (e.g., 1/3) may suffer from a round-off error because DEA needs to specify it in a precise expression to operate a computer code. Finally, when a large input or output variable may dominate other variables in DEA computation, it is necessary to normalize the data set or simply to divide each observation by its average. Such a simple treatment produces more reliable DEA results than the one without any data adjustment. This study also discusses how to handle an occurrence of zero in DEA multipliers by applying SCSCs. The DEA/SCSCs can serve for a multiplier restriction approach without any prior information. Thus, the propesed DEA/SCSCs can provide more reliable results than a straight use of DEA.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11571059 11731013)
文摘This paper focuses on the study for the stability of stochastic nonlinear programming when the probability measure is perturbed. Under the Lipschitz continuity of the objective function and metric regularity of the feasible set-valued mapping, the outer semicontinuity of the optimal solution set and Lipschitz continuity of optimal values are guaranteed. Importantly,it is proved that, if the linear independence constraint qualification and strong second-order sufficient condition hold at a local minimum point of the original problem, there exists a Lipschitz continuous solution path satisfying the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions.
