In order to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application methods and nitrogen fertilizer regulation with straw-return on wheat yield and potassium forms in the soil, field experiment was arranged in Pinyuan Co...In order to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application methods and nitrogen fertilizer regulation with straw-return on wheat yield and potassium forms in the soil, field experiment was arranged in Pinyuan County, and the effects of the regulation of different ratios of basal to topdressed nitrogen on the yield of wheat and the contents of different forms of potassium in the soil were studied. The re- sults indicated that in the condition of straw-return, the yield of wheat was the high- est after the treatments of the ratios of basal to topdressed nitrogen of 7：3 and 6：4. As to the contents of different forms of potassium, the contents of water-soluble potassium, exchangeable potassium and total potassium treated by the ratios of basal to topdressed nitrogen of 7：3 and 6：4 were the highest, and the differences of non-exchangeable potassium among all treatments were not significant. Under the experiment condition, the ratios of basal to topdressed nitrogen of 7：3 and 6：4 were the best treatments, they can increase the wheat yield and the contents of available potassium and total potassium in the soil.展开更多
我国每年生产大量的作物秸秆,不加处理或处理不当,会严重威胁水体或大气环境质量。秸秆还田是当前解决作物秸秆田间焚烧或无序堆放威胁环境质量的最主要方法。秸秆还田按目的可分为两种方式:以处置秸秆为目的的处置化原位还田和以消除...我国每年生产大量的作物秸秆,不加处理或处理不当,会严重威胁水体或大气环境质量。秸秆还田是当前解决作物秸秆田间焚烧或无序堆放威胁环境质量的最主要方法。秸秆还田按目的可分为两种方式:以处置秸秆为目的的处置化原位还田和以消除作物生长障碍因素为目的的消障化异地还田。无论何种秸秆还田方式均未利用秸秆生物能,虽在一定程度上可以提高土壤有机质含量,但作用有限,且无显著的时间累积效应。秸秆沼气化利用了秸秆生物能,但因产气不稳定,沼渣、沼液处理难等因素,推广应用难度大。笔者提出了一种能够在同一时间和空间,实现秸秆改土和产能等多重目标的秸秆处理方式,称作“秸秆改土产能时空一体化处理”方法(space-time Integration of Soil improvement and Energy production by using Straw,ISES),即就近集中秸秆于需要改良的土壤,使秸秆施用量达到5%土重以上,与土壤充分混匀,在淹水条件下,密封培养,收集厌氧发酵产生的沼气用作家庭燃料或作它用。ISES处理可跨肥力等级提升土壤有机质含量,产气量及气体中CH4浓度与沼气发酵相当,且不需要处理沼液和沼渣,可服务于改土、产能和固碳等多重目标。加强对ISES系统碳转化和CH4产生过程及其产气率和CH4浓度影响因素的研究,评估ISES处理过程及处理后的环境效应,对于优化处理工艺,明确可采用ISES处理的土壤类型、适宜的处理时间,降低ISES处理的环境效应,制订安全生产措施,预测经济可行性都是十分必要的。展开更多
基金Supported by the Project of National Science and Technology Support Plan-"Integration and Demonstration ration of Straw Resources Recycling Technologies in Huang-HuaiHai Plain Area"(2012BAD14B07)the Project of Major Application Technology Innovation of Agriculture in Shandong Province-"Study on Recycling Technology of Waste Resourcization in Large-scale Farm"+1 种基金the Foundation for Outstanding Young Scientist in Shandong Province-"Study on the Mechanism of the Effect of Drip Irrigation with Saline Water on Soil Environment and Its Crop Response"(BS2011NY017)the Project of National Natural Science Foundation-"Study on the Allocation Pattern and Interface Control of Salinity under the Condition of Brackish Water Irrigation"(51209130)~~
文摘In order to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application methods and nitrogen fertilizer regulation with straw-return on wheat yield and potassium forms in the soil, field experiment was arranged in Pinyuan County, and the effects of the regulation of different ratios of basal to topdressed nitrogen on the yield of wheat and the contents of different forms of potassium in the soil were studied. The re- sults indicated that in the condition of straw-return, the yield of wheat was the high- est after the treatments of the ratios of basal to topdressed nitrogen of 7：3 and 6：4. As to the contents of different forms of potassium, the contents of water-soluble potassium, exchangeable potassium and total potassium treated by the ratios of basal to topdressed nitrogen of 7：3 and 6：4 were the highest, and the differences of non-exchangeable potassium among all treatments were not significant. Under the experiment condition, the ratios of basal to topdressed nitrogen of 7：3 and 6：4 were the best treatments, they can increase the wheat yield and the contents of available potassium and total potassium in the soil.
文摘我国每年生产大量的作物秸秆,不加处理或处理不当,会严重威胁水体或大气环境质量。秸秆还田是当前解决作物秸秆田间焚烧或无序堆放威胁环境质量的最主要方法。秸秆还田按目的可分为两种方式:以处置秸秆为目的的处置化原位还田和以消除作物生长障碍因素为目的的消障化异地还田。无论何种秸秆还田方式均未利用秸秆生物能,虽在一定程度上可以提高土壤有机质含量,但作用有限,且无显著的时间累积效应。秸秆沼气化利用了秸秆生物能,但因产气不稳定,沼渣、沼液处理难等因素,推广应用难度大。笔者提出了一种能够在同一时间和空间,实现秸秆改土和产能等多重目标的秸秆处理方式,称作“秸秆改土产能时空一体化处理”方法(space-time Integration of Soil improvement and Energy production by using Straw,ISES),即就近集中秸秆于需要改良的土壤,使秸秆施用量达到5%土重以上,与土壤充分混匀,在淹水条件下,密封培养,收集厌氧发酵产生的沼气用作家庭燃料或作它用。ISES处理可跨肥力等级提升土壤有机质含量,产气量及气体中CH4浓度与沼气发酵相当,且不需要处理沼液和沼渣,可服务于改土、产能和固碳等多重目标。加强对ISES系统碳转化和CH4产生过程及其产气率和CH4浓度影响因素的研究,评估ISES处理过程及处理后的环境效应,对于优化处理工艺,明确可采用ISES处理的土壤类型、适宜的处理时间,降低ISES处理的环境效应,制订安全生产措施,预测经济可行性都是十分必要的。
