摘要
[目的]为探讨不同施肥条件下盐碱土壤基础理化性质变化特征及关键驱动因素,为我国盐碱地培肥策略提供科学依据。[方法]共收集2002—2024年发表的49篇文献(190组相对独立的涉及土壤理化性质数据),采用整合分析(Meta-analysis)方法定量分析施肥对我国盐碱土壤理化性质的影响。[结果]1)整体上,施肥可显著降低盐碱土壤体积质量和pH,降幅分别为5.01%和3.41%,显著提升土壤有机质、全量氮磷钾和速效氮磷钾质量分数,提升幅度为9.71%~29.06%。2)相比化肥和秸秆还田,有机肥可明显提高土壤全磷、全钾和速效氮质量分数,有效降低土壤体积质量和pH。有机肥施用量<3000 kg/hm^(2),秸秆还田量为6000~9000、<6000 kg/hm^(2)时,可显著提高土壤全量和速效养分质量分数。3)所有年平均气温和年降水量范围内施肥均可有效提高土壤有机质、全氮和速效钾质量分数。年平均气温<9、9~12°C和年降水量<200 mm时,可有效提升全磷、全钾质量分数,降低土壤pH。所有土壤初始pH和有机质条件下施肥均可有效提高土壤有机质、速效磷和速效钾质量分数,降低土壤pH。初始pH<8.5、8.5~8.7时,施肥可有效提高全量养分和速效钾质量分数,降低土壤体积质量。初始有机质<9、9~15 g/kg时,可有效降低土壤体积质量和pH,>15 g/kg时可提高土壤全磷和全钾质量分数。4)种植制度和年降水量是影响盐碱土壤有机质和pH的主要因素,而土壤初始pH和有机质质量分数是速效氮的关键驱动因素。[结论]3种施肥均可有效改善盐碱土壤理化性质,低量有机肥施用和秸秆还田在低温少雨地区对盐碱地土壤改良效果最佳,年降水量、土壤初始pH和有机质是盐碱土壤基础性质的关键驱动因素。研究结果可为盐碱地的合理施肥及耕地质量提升提供理论参考。
[Objective]This study aims to explore the variation characteristics of basic physicochemical properties of saline-alkali soil under different fertilization conditions and key driving factors,providing a scientific basis for the fertilization strategies of saline-alkali land in China.[Methods]A total of 49 studies published from 2002 to 2024(190 sets of relatively independent data related to soil physicochemical properties)were collected,and the Metaanalysis method was adopted to quantitatively analyze the effects of fertilization on the physicochemical properties of saline-alkali soil in China.[Results]1)Overall,fertilization significantly reduced the bulk density and pH of saline-alkali soil by 5.01%and 3.41%,respectively,and significantly increased the mass fractions of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium,and available nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium,with the increases ranging from 9.71%to 29.06%.2)Compared with chemical fertilizers and straw returning,organic fertilizers could significantly increase the mass fractions of total phosphorus,total potassium,and available nitrogen in the soil,and effectively reduce soil bulk density and pH.When the application rate of organic fertilizer was<3000 kg/hm^(2)and the amount of straw returning was 6000−9000,<6000 kg/hm^(2),the mass fractions of total and available nutrients in the soil could be significantly increased.3)Under all ranges of annual average temperature and precipitation,fertilization effectively increased the mass fractions of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,and available potassium.When the average annual temperature was<9,9−12℃and the average annual precipitation was<200 mm,the mass fractions of total phosphorus and total potassium could be effectively increased and the soil pH could be reduced.Fertilization under all initial soil pH levels and organic matter conditions could effectively increase the mass fractions of soil organic matter,available phosphorus,and available potassium,and reduce soil pH.When the initial pH was<8.5,8.5−8.7,fertilization could effectively increase the mass fractions of total nutrients and available potassium,and reduce soil bulk density.When the initial organic matter was<9,9−15 g/kg,the soil bulk density and pH could be effectively reduced.When it was>15 g/kg,the mass fractions of total phosphorus and total potassium in the soil could be increased.4)Planting system and annual precipitation were the main factors influencing the organic matter and pH of saline-alkali soil,while the initial pH and organic matter mass fraction of the soil were the key driving factors of available nitrogen.[Conclusion]All three types of fertilization can effectively improve the physicochemical properties of saline-alkali soil.The application of low amounts of organic fertilizer and straw returning,especially in regions with low temperature and low precipitation,has better effects on soil improvement in saline-alkali land.Annual precipitation,initial soil pH,and organic matter are the key driving factors of the basic properties of saline-alkali soil.The findings can provide a theoretical reference for the rational fertilization and the improvement of cultivated land quality in saline-alkali land.
作者
王晋峰
王紫超
李嘉
昝亚玲
谭炯锐
王霞
孙元琳
WANG Jinfeng;WANG Zichao;LI Jia;ZAN Yaling;TAN Jiongrui;WANG Xia;SUN Yuanlin(Life Sciences Department,Yuncheng University,Shanxi Technology Innovation Center of High Value-Added Echelon Utilization of Premium Agro-Products,Yuncheng,Shanxi 044000,China)
出处
《水土保持学报》
北大核心
2026年第1期198-207,共10页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
山西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(202403021222302)
山西省优秀博士来晋科研专项(QZX-2023041)
山西省技术创新中心基地项目(202404010920021)
运城学院博士科研启动项目(YQ-2024001
YQ-2024028)
运城学院应用研究项目(YY-202402)。
关键词
盐碱土壤
施肥
秸秆还田
META分析
基础理化性质
saline-alkali soil
fertilization
straw returning
Meta-analysis
basic physicochemical properties
