[Objectives]This study aimed to establish HPLC chromatograms of decoction pieces,standard decoction and formula granules of Spica Prunellae.[Methods]The chromatographic conditions were as follows:column,SHISEIDO CAPCE...[Objectives]This study aimed to establish HPLC chromatograms of decoction pieces,standard decoction and formula granules of Spica Prunellae.[Methods]The chromatographic conditions were as follows:column,SHISEIDO CAPCELL PAK C18 MGII column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);mobile phase,acetonitrile-0.1%phosphoric acid;gradient elution;detection wavelength,280 nm;flow rate,1.0 mL/min;and column temperature,30℃.The correlation between the decoction pieces,standard decoction and formula granules of Spica Prunellae was analyzed by specific chromatograms.[Results]The fingerprint chromatograms of decoction pieces,standard decoction and formula granules of Spica Prunellae showed five common peaks,with good correlation.Among the five common peaks,four of them were tanshinol,protocatechuic acid,caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid.[Conclusions]The main chemical constituents of decoction pieces,standard decoction and formula granules of Spica Prunellae are basically the same.The HPLC specific chromatogram established can be used for the quality control of Spica Prunellae formula granules.展开更多
In the data encryption standard （DES） algorithm, there exist several bit-switching functions, including permutations, expansion, and permuted choices. They are generally presented in the form of matrixes and realize...In the data encryption standard （DES） algorithm, there exist several bit-switching functions, including permutations, expansion, and permuted choices. They are generally presented in the form of matrixes and realized by using table look-up technique in the implementation of the cryptosystem. This paper presents explicit formulas for the initial permutation IP, its inverse IP-1 , the expansion function E, and the permuted choice PC_1. It also gives the program realizations of these functions in C＋＋ applying these formulas. With the advantage of the omission of the storage space for these matrixes and the tedious inputs of tables in the implementations of DES, our experimental results shows that the explicit formulas are useful in some situations, such as wireless sensor networks where the memory capacity is limited, especially when the size of file for encrypting is not too large, preferably smaller than 256KB.展开更多
Objective: To describe the growth profile of breastfeeding babies following early introduction of infant formulas to improve the feeding pattern of the young infant. Methodology: This is a longitudinal descriptive stu...Objective: To describe the growth profile of breastfeeding babies following early introduction of infant formulas to improve the feeding pattern of the young infant. Methodology: This is a longitudinal descriptive study conducted in 2 medical clinics in Abidjan from 11-Jun-2013 to 15-Dec-2016 on 100 healthy newborn babies with the introduction of infant formulas before 6 months of life. The anthropometrics parameters were compared to those of WHO. Results: The exclusive breastfeeding rate was 5%. Ablactation occurred within 12 months in 95% of cases. All Infants have doubled and tripled their birth weight at 3 and 9 months respectively. The height and the head circumference at birth increased by 50% and 37% respectively at 12 months. Compared to WHO growth charts, the weight gain for the girls at 3 months was 12.4% higher and for the boys was 7.3% higher at 6 months. On the other hands, the statural gain at 12 months was 50% lower than the WHO standards while the head circumference was 37.8% and 45.5% higher than the WHO standards in boys and girls respectively. At 3 months, the prevalence of stunting was 26.1% for boys and 13.3% for girls. Lastly, at 12 months, the BMI showed 10% overweight and 19% obesity. Conclusion: Breastfeeding associated with an early introduction of infant formulas increases the risk of malnutrition of the young infant. We advise to avoid it and recommend an exclusive breastfeeding.展开更多
The understanding of the mechanism for the mass building of elementary particles of Standard Model (SM) has made significant progresses since the confirmation of the existence of the Higgs boson, in particular the rea...The understanding of the mechanism for the mass building of elementary particles of Standard Model (SM) has made significant progresses since the confirmation of the existence of the Higgs boson, in particular the realization that the mass of an elementary particle of SM is not “God-given” but is created by interactions with involved energy fields. Nevertheless, a sophisticated model to answer fundamental questions is still missing. Further research is needed to compensate for the existing deficit. The current paper is aimed to contribute to such research by using “harmonic quark series”. Harmonic quark series were introduced between 2003 and 2005 by O. A. Teplov and represented a relatively new approach to understanding the physical masses of elementary particles. Although they are not generally recognized, some research works have revealed very interesting and exciting facts regarding the mass quanta. The original harmonic quark series consists of mathematical “quark” entities with an energy-mass quantum between 7.87 MeV and 69.2 GeV. They obey a strict mathematical rule derived from the general harmonic oscillation theory. Teplov showed some quantitative relations between the masses of his harmonic quarks and the SM particles, especially in the intermediate mass range, i.e. mesons and hadrons up to 1000 MeV. Early research work also includes the investigation of H. Yang/W. Yang in the development of their so-called YY model for elementary particles (Ying-Yang model with “Ying” and “Yang” as quark components for a new theoretical particle framework). Based on Teplov’s scheme and its mathematical formula, they introduced further harmonic quarks down to 1 eV and showed some quantitative relationships between the masses of these harmonic quarks and the masses of electrons and up and down quarks. In this article, we will extend the harmonic quark series according to the Teplov scheme up to a new entity with a mass quantum of 253.4 GeV and show some interesting new mass relations to the heavy particles of the Standard Model (W boson, Z boson, top quark and Higgs boson). Based on these facts, some predictions will be made for experimental verification. We also hope that our investigation and result will motivate more researcher to dedicate their work to harmonic quark series in theory and in experiments.展开更多
基金Supported by Scientific Research and Technology Development Project of Nanning City(20173158-5).
文摘[Objectives]This study aimed to establish HPLC chromatograms of decoction pieces,standard decoction and formula granules of Spica Prunellae.[Methods]The chromatographic conditions were as follows:column,SHISEIDO CAPCELL PAK C18 MGII column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);mobile phase,acetonitrile-0.1%phosphoric acid;gradient elution;detection wavelength,280 nm;flow rate,1.0 mL/min;and column temperature,30℃.The correlation between the decoction pieces,standard decoction and formula granules of Spica Prunellae was analyzed by specific chromatograms.[Results]The fingerprint chromatograms of decoction pieces,standard decoction and formula granules of Spica Prunellae showed five common peaks,with good correlation.Among the five common peaks,four of them were tanshinol,protocatechuic acid,caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid.[Conclusions]The main chemical constituents of decoction pieces,standard decoction and formula granules of Spica Prunellae are basically the same.The HPLC specific chromatogram established can be used for the quality control of Spica Prunellae formula granules.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61272045)Natural Science Foundation of Outstanding Youth Team Project of Zhejiang Province (R1090138)Project of the State Key Laboratory of Information Security (Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing)
文摘In the data encryption standard （DES） algorithm, there exist several bit-switching functions, including permutations, expansion, and permuted choices. They are generally presented in the form of matrixes and realized by using table look-up technique in the implementation of the cryptosystem. This paper presents explicit formulas for the initial permutation IP, its inverse IP-1 , the expansion function E, and the permuted choice PC_1. It also gives the program realizations of these functions in C＋＋ applying these formulas. With the advantage of the omission of the storage space for these matrixes and the tedious inputs of tables in the implementations of DES, our experimental results shows that the explicit formulas are useful in some situations, such as wireless sensor networks where the memory capacity is limited, especially when the size of file for encrypting is not too large, preferably smaller than 256KB.
文摘Objective: To describe the growth profile of breastfeeding babies following early introduction of infant formulas to improve the feeding pattern of the young infant. Methodology: This is a longitudinal descriptive study conducted in 2 medical clinics in Abidjan from 11-Jun-2013 to 15-Dec-2016 on 100 healthy newborn babies with the introduction of infant formulas before 6 months of life. The anthropometrics parameters were compared to those of WHO. Results: The exclusive breastfeeding rate was 5%. Ablactation occurred within 12 months in 95% of cases. All Infants have doubled and tripled their birth weight at 3 and 9 months respectively. The height and the head circumference at birth increased by 50% and 37% respectively at 12 months. Compared to WHO growth charts, the weight gain for the girls at 3 months was 12.4% higher and for the boys was 7.3% higher at 6 months. On the other hands, the statural gain at 12 months was 50% lower than the WHO standards while the head circumference was 37.8% and 45.5% higher than the WHO standards in boys and girls respectively. At 3 months, the prevalence of stunting was 26.1% for boys and 13.3% for girls. Lastly, at 12 months, the BMI showed 10% overweight and 19% obesity. Conclusion: Breastfeeding associated with an early introduction of infant formulas increases the risk of malnutrition of the young infant. We advise to avoid it and recommend an exclusive breastfeeding.
文摘The understanding of the mechanism for the mass building of elementary particles of Standard Model (SM) has made significant progresses since the confirmation of the existence of the Higgs boson, in particular the realization that the mass of an elementary particle of SM is not “God-given” but is created by interactions with involved energy fields. Nevertheless, a sophisticated model to answer fundamental questions is still missing. Further research is needed to compensate for the existing deficit. The current paper is aimed to contribute to such research by using “harmonic quark series”. Harmonic quark series were introduced between 2003 and 2005 by O. A. Teplov and represented a relatively new approach to understanding the physical masses of elementary particles. Although they are not generally recognized, some research works have revealed very interesting and exciting facts regarding the mass quanta. The original harmonic quark series consists of mathematical “quark” entities with an energy-mass quantum between 7.87 MeV and 69.2 GeV. They obey a strict mathematical rule derived from the general harmonic oscillation theory. Teplov showed some quantitative relations between the masses of his harmonic quarks and the SM particles, especially in the intermediate mass range, i.e. mesons and hadrons up to 1000 MeV. Early research work also includes the investigation of H. Yang/W. Yang in the development of their so-called YY model for elementary particles (Ying-Yang model with “Ying” and “Yang” as quark components for a new theoretical particle framework). Based on Teplov’s scheme and its mathematical formula, they introduced further harmonic quarks down to 1 eV and showed some quantitative relationships between the masses of these harmonic quarks and the masses of electrons and up and down quarks. In this article, we will extend the harmonic quark series according to the Teplov scheme up to a new entity with a mass quantum of 253.4 GeV and show some interesting new mass relations to the heavy particles of the Standard Model (W boson, Z boson, top quark and Higgs boson). Based on these facts, some predictions will be made for experimental verification. We also hope that our investigation and result will motivate more researcher to dedicate their work to harmonic quark series in theory and in experiments.
