Banquet poems have achieved great success in the development of Chinese literature,in which people usually express their observations and feelings at banquets through poetic forms.The social behaviours reflected in ba...Banquet poems have achieved great success in the development of Chinese literature,in which people usually express their observations and feelings at banquets through poetic forms.The social behaviours reflected in banquet poems have different characteristics in different times.In the Pre-Qin period,banquets were aimed at promoting“rituals”as social purposes,emphasising moral education.During the Wei and Jin dynasties,banquets were divided into two types:public banquets and private banquets.Public banquets were important social occasions but had a tendency towards extravagance and waste,while private banquets were more casual and had rich and interesting content.In the Tang Dynasty,with the development of the imperial examination system,the Jinshi banquet gradually became popular,and the themes of banquet poems further expanded.Banquet poems from different periods can indirectly reflect the changes and development of traditional Chinese social behaviours.展开更多
The overview shows that the scientific interest in social behaviour in mice has exponentially grown in the last two decades in parallel with advances in biotechnology and the emergence of genetically engineered mice. ...The overview shows that the scientific interest in social behaviour in mice has exponentially grown in the last two decades in parallel with advances in biotechnology and the emergence of genetically engineered mice. Most of the studies are psychopharmacological or look for the neurochemical bases of social behaviour and its alterations. However, the rol of social behaviour per se is increasing mainly in those research works aimed to model neuropsychiatric and neurode-generative diseases. In fact, at the translational level, the study of social behaviour in murine models is relevant because changes in social behaviour are present in most neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders as well as in other diseases that, directly or indirectly, affect the sphere of social relationships. The consideration of social behaviour in the experimental design of basic and translational research works using murine models may improve the predictive validity of new preventive and/or therapeutic strategies. The present work provides conceptual description of social behaviour in mice, the tests used to measure it and analyzes its increasing interest, mostly in the area of neuroscience. It reviews the 821 scientific studies (in English) included in the MEDLINE database from 1930 to December 2012. Keywords used for the search where those related to the different kinds of social behaviour (spontaneous or induced) in mice and took into account the diversity of experimental paradigms (dyads, groups, parental relationships, isolation) and the wide spectrum of behavioural tests available.展开更多
Purpose: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) is a common behavioural condition. This article introduces a new data science method, word association thematic analysis, to investigate whether ADHD tweets can ...Purpose: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) is a common behavioural condition. This article introduces a new data science method, word association thematic analysis, to investigate whether ADHD tweets can give insights into patient concerns and online communication needs. Design/methodology/approach: Tweets matching "my ADHD"(n=58,893) and 99 other conditions(n=1,341,442) were gathered and two thematic analyses conducted. Analysis 1: A standard thematic analysis of ADHD-related tweets. Analysis 2: A word association thematic analysis of themes unique to ADHD.Findings: The themes that emerged from the two analyses included people ascribing their brains agency to explain and justify their symptoms and using the concept of neurodivergence for a positive self-image. Research limitations: This is a single case study and the results may differ for other topics.Practical implications: Health professionals should be sensitive to patients' needs to understand their behaviour, find ways to justify and explain it to others and to be positive about their condition.Originality/value: Word association thematic analysis can give new insights into the(self-reported) patient perspective.展开更多
The aim of this article is to analyse aggressive behaviour of pupils during school breaks. The main emphasis has been put on the importance of teachers＇ expectations concerning behaviour violating norms. The role of ...The aim of this article is to analyse aggressive behaviour of pupils during school breaks. The main emphasis has been put on the importance of teachers＇ expectations concerning behaviour violating norms. The role of these expectations as predictors of pro-social and anti-social behaviour has been analysed. The research is based on the assumption that every culture develops specific benchmarks in reference to which people judge various social phenomena. Creation of an individual conception of oneself and making a plan for one＇s life is based, to some extent, on social values which constitute the crucial element of every culture. The hypothesis to be verified in this study was the presence of a significant link between the occurrence of anti-social and pro-social behaviour and the adopted axiological assumptions concerning students and their behaviour. The subjects of the study were students and teachers from 18 schools representing three types of culture and three educational levels （primary, lower secondary, and upper secondary）. The total number of 1,212 students were observed （Goldsmith＇s Observational Questionnaire）, and 36 teachers were interviewed. The results indicate a link between the adopted school culture and teachers＇ functioning, and open perspectives of further research on the connection between the values in school curricula and the occurrence of behaviour violating social norms and bounds.展开更多
Mammals generally form social groups to gain better protection from or to capture prey more efficiently.Open habitats are especially conducive to group formation because in those habitats social defenses are most effe...Mammals generally form social groups to gain better protection from or to capture prey more efficiently.Open habitats are especially conducive to group formation because in those habitats social defenses are most effective at deterring predators .Closed habitats are more conducive to solitary living because then concealment.is ofen the best defense against predation. Group size is typically limited by competition for resources, and hense it is usually larger when food is clumped or relatively abundant. Social organization often revolves around status relationship, which are frequently based on agonistic interactions.展开更多
In comparison to studies investigating the roles of 5-HT1, 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors in aggressive behaviour there is a dearth of material examining the function of 5-HT4 receptors in this behaviour. In view of this, ...In comparison to studies investigating the roles of 5-HT1, 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors in aggressive behaviour there is a dearth of material examining the function of 5-HT4 receptors in this behaviour. In view of this, the current study examined the effects of the 5-HT4 receptor partial agonist RS 67333 and antagonist RS 39604 in murine agonistic behaviour. RS 67333 failed to produce any significant changes in the offensive. Significant variation in the frequency of evade behaviour was detected but this occurred between treatment groups rather than with controls. Interestingly, both the frequency and duration of stretched attend behaviour were increased by RS 67333 0.1 mg/kg, a result indicative of increased risk assessment. The administration of RS 39604 (0.01 - 1 mg/kg) produced significant variation in the fre-quency and duration of following, and aggressive grooming. Frozen crouch behaviour was also increased significantly at 0.1 mg/kg. It is concluded that since the 5-HT4 receptor ligands employed in this study produced very few significant behavioural effects across the treatment groups, 5-HT4 receptors do not play a role in the modulation of murine aggressive behaviour.展开更多
In their Parental Socialization of Emotions model, Eisenberg, Cumberland and Spinrad (1998) differentiated parents’ Emotion-Related Socialization Behaviours (ERSBs) that support their child’s socio-emotional develop...In their Parental Socialization of Emotions model, Eisenberg, Cumberland and Spinrad (1998) differentiated parents’ Emotion-Related Socialization Behaviours (ERSBs) that support their child’s socio-emotional development: their reactions to their child’s emotions, their discussions about emotions with the child and the expressions of their own emotions in the family. The cross- sectional study focused on the variability of parents’ ERSBs according to children’s and parents’ characteristics (Study 1) and included 167 mothers and 152 fathers of preschoolers. The short-term longitudinal study examined the interaction between parents’ ERSBs and children’s socio-emotional abilities (Theory of Mind, emotional regulation and social adjustment) (Study 2) in 53 two-parent families and their children, with a 6 months interval. In Study 1, parents’ ERSBs, their emotional competences and children’s personality were assessed by means of questionnaires. In Study 2, we combined direct and indirect measures to assess children’s socio-emotional competences. Results of Study 1 indicated that parental ERSBs were mainly predicted by children’s personality, such as emotional stability and parents’ emotional competences, such as communication about their own emotions. Moreover, we observed a differential sensitivity between mothers and fathers toward children’s personality. Results of Study 2 revealed that both mothers and fathers socialized their children’s socio-emotional competences, particularly by the way of emotion-related conversations with their children. Mothers’ emotion-related conversations predicted children’s Theory of mind abilities and social adjustment, while fathers’ emotion-related conversations predicted children’s emotional regulation. In addition, fathers’ reactions to their children’s emotions were predicted by children’s socio-emotional competences. These studies highlighted bidirectional effects between parents’ behaviours and children’s development. They emphasized also the importance to better identify predictors of parents’ ERSBs in order to know on which target the professionals should intervene.展开更多
There is growing evidence for the use of social prescribing as a means of facilitating healthy lifestyle behavior changes by linking patients to sources of support in the community. However, there are gaps in understa...There is growing evidence for the use of social prescribing as a means of facilitating healthy lifestyle behavior changes by linking patients to sources of support in the community. However, there are gaps in understanding about what works to facilitate and enable this behavior change i.e. , the mechanisms of actions underpinning social prescribing delivery. This study used a qualitative approach involving interviews with 18 Social Prescription Link Workers (SPLWs). Reflective thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Through this, an overall theme of “Theoretical underpinning: Solution-focused and strengths-based” was identified. This was made up of sub-themes relating to mechanisms underpinning: the SPLWs’ role (comprising asking questions, motivational interviewing and the therapeutic alliance);the patients’ role, (empowerment and active engagement);and the approach adopted (solution building, goal and action orientated). To formalize this, a framework could be developed for SPLWs that encapsulates the solution-focused strengths-based approach for application within social prescribing. This framework can then be embedded into practice facilitating more successful healthy lifestyle behavior change for social prescribing patients.展开更多
Background: In primary care, social prescribing (SP) is where a patient is referred to a “link worker”, who considers their needs and then “prescribes” or connects them to appropriate community-based resources and...Background: In primary care, social prescribing (SP) is where a patient is referred to a “link worker”, who considers their needs and then “prescribes” or connects them to appropriate community-based resources and services. Recent policy and guidance in the UK has significantly expanded the provision of SP to improve patient health and wellbeing. Methods: This study conducted a systematic review of evidence for SP effectiveness and to report needs addressed, interventions provided, and behaviour change techniques employed. Inclusion criterion was patient referral from primary care to a SP link worker. Online databases were searched for studies published from February 2016 to July 2021. Searches were restricted to English language only. Risk of bias assessment and a narrative analysis were undertaken. Results: Eight studies were included. All studies reported some positive outcomes. There were weaknesses and limitations in study design and in reporting of results: a lack of comparative controls, short duration and single point follow-up, a lack of standardised assessments, missing data, and a failure to consider potential confounding factors. All studies had features which indicated a high risk of bias. Conclusion: Evidence for the value and positive impact of SP is accumulating, but evaluation design remains relatively weak. There is a need to improve evaluation through robust methodological design and the adoption of universal outcome measures and evaluation/analytical framework. SP should seek to assess patient wellbeing, self-management, and quality of lifeoutcomes systematically, and adopt behaviour change techniques to enable healthier lifestyles in the short and long term.展开更多
目的探究心理认知因素对肥胖儿童健康相关行为的影响,为未来临床针对肥胖儿童行为管理提供依据。方法选取2023年7月至12月于南京医科大学附属儿童医院儿童保健科就诊的274例7~16岁儿童作为研究对象,专人测量儿童身高、体质量和体脂肪含...目的探究心理认知因素对肥胖儿童健康相关行为的影响,为未来临床针对肥胖儿童行为管理提供依据。方法选取2023年7月至12月于南京医科大学附属儿童医院儿童保健科就诊的274例7~16岁儿童作为研究对象,专人测量儿童身高、体质量和体脂肪含量,并计算身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)。参考中国6~18岁学龄儿童超重与肥胖BMI参考界值点将研究对象分为肥胖组及对照组,其中肥胖组168名,对照组106名。通过问卷及量表收集儿童的一般资料,评估儿童体质量感知、健康相关行为(包括饮食行为、身体活动及睡眠情况)及心理健康状况。统计学方法采用t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验、χ^(2)检验、偏相关分析及线性回归分析。结果对照组儿童平均年龄(10.61±1.67)岁,肥胖组儿童平均年龄(10.88±2.03)岁。健康相关行为方面,肥胖组儿童过饱响应、进食缓慢分量表评分以及儿童身体活动问卷(Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children,PAQ-C)量表评分均低于对照组(t值分别为3.703、4.562、2.798,P值均<0.05),食物响应、食物喜好、渴望饮料、情绪性过度饮食分量表评分均高于对照组(t值分别为-8.759、-9.073、-3.362、-3.277,P值均<0.05),周末平均每日睡眠时间不足9小时的占比明显高于对照组(χ^(2)=14.536,P<0.001)。心理健康状况方面,肥胖组儿童生理功能、社会功能的生活质量评分明显低于对照组(t值分别为3.136、2.792,P值均<0.05),社交回避及苦恼维度评分显著高于对照组(t=-2.363,P=0.019)。多元线性回归矫正混杂因素后,社会功能与情绪性过度饮食评分呈负相关(β=-0.195,P=0.014),情感功能与食物响应评分呈负相关(β=-0.172,P=0.028),BMI与食物喜好评分呈正相关(β=0.318,P=0.001)。中介效应分析显示,肥胖儿童社会功能在体脂肪含量与身体活动关系间存在完全中介作用,中介占比21.05%。结论肥胖儿童表现出异常饮食行为、身体活动少、睡眠不足等一系列危害健康行为以及社交回避,同时心理健康水平会影响肥胖儿童健康相关行为的发生,尤其是社会交往。肥胖儿童行为管理过程中,在关注肥胖儿童不良生活方式改变的同时,还需改善肥胖儿童的心理健康水平。展开更多
文摘Banquet poems have achieved great success in the development of Chinese literature,in which people usually express their observations and feelings at banquets through poetic forms.The social behaviours reflected in banquet poems have different characteristics in different times.In the Pre-Qin period,banquets were aimed at promoting“rituals”as social purposes,emphasising moral education.During the Wei and Jin dynasties,banquets were divided into two types:public banquets and private banquets.Public banquets were important social occasions but had a tendency towards extravagance and waste,while private banquets were more casual and had rich and interesting content.In the Tang Dynasty,with the development of the imperial examination system,the Jinshi banquet gradually became popular,and the themes of banquet poems further expanded.Banquet poems from different periods can indirectly reflect the changes and development of traditional Chinese social behaviours.
文摘The overview shows that the scientific interest in social behaviour in mice has exponentially grown in the last two decades in parallel with advances in biotechnology and the emergence of genetically engineered mice. Most of the studies are psychopharmacological or look for the neurochemical bases of social behaviour and its alterations. However, the rol of social behaviour per se is increasing mainly in those research works aimed to model neuropsychiatric and neurode-generative diseases. In fact, at the translational level, the study of social behaviour in murine models is relevant because changes in social behaviour are present in most neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders as well as in other diseases that, directly or indirectly, affect the sphere of social relationships. The consideration of social behaviour in the experimental design of basic and translational research works using murine models may improve the predictive validity of new preventive and/or therapeutic strategies. The present work provides conceptual description of social behaviour in mice, the tests used to measure it and analyzes its increasing interest, mostly in the area of neuroscience. It reviews the 821 scientific studies (in English) included in the MEDLINE database from 1930 to December 2012. Keywords used for the search where those related to the different kinds of social behaviour (spontaneous or induced) in mice and took into account the diversity of experimental paradigms (dyads, groups, parental relationships, isolation) and the wide spectrum of behavioural tests available.
文摘Purpose: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) is a common behavioural condition. This article introduces a new data science method, word association thematic analysis, to investigate whether ADHD tweets can give insights into patient concerns and online communication needs. Design/methodology/approach: Tweets matching "my ADHD"(n=58,893) and 99 other conditions(n=1,341,442) were gathered and two thematic analyses conducted. Analysis 1: A standard thematic analysis of ADHD-related tweets. Analysis 2: A word association thematic analysis of themes unique to ADHD.Findings: The themes that emerged from the two analyses included people ascribing their brains agency to explain and justify their symptoms and using the concept of neurodivergence for a positive self-image. Research limitations: This is a single case study and the results may differ for other topics.Practical implications: Health professionals should be sensitive to patients' needs to understand their behaviour, find ways to justify and explain it to others and to be positive about their condition.Originality/value: Word association thematic analysis can give new insights into the(self-reported) patient perspective.
文摘The aim of this article is to analyse aggressive behaviour of pupils during school breaks. The main emphasis has been put on the importance of teachers＇ expectations concerning behaviour violating norms. The role of these expectations as predictors of pro-social and anti-social behaviour has been analysed. The research is based on the assumption that every culture develops specific benchmarks in reference to which people judge various social phenomena. Creation of an individual conception of oneself and making a plan for one＇s life is based, to some extent, on social values which constitute the crucial element of every culture. The hypothesis to be verified in this study was the presence of a significant link between the occurrence of anti-social and pro-social behaviour and the adopted axiological assumptions concerning students and their behaviour. The subjects of the study were students and teachers from 18 schools representing three types of culture and three educational levels （primary, lower secondary, and upper secondary）. The total number of 1,212 students were observed （Goldsmith＇s Observational Questionnaire）, and 36 teachers were interviewed. The results indicate a link between the adopted school culture and teachers＇ functioning, and open perspectives of further research on the connection between the values in school curricula and the occurrence of behaviour violating social norms and bounds.
文摘Mammals generally form social groups to gain better protection from or to capture prey more efficiently.Open habitats are especially conducive to group formation because in those habitats social defenses are most effective at deterring predators .Closed habitats are more conducive to solitary living because then concealment.is ofen the best defense against predation. Group size is typically limited by competition for resources, and hense it is usually larger when food is clumped or relatively abundant. Social organization often revolves around status relationship, which are frequently based on agonistic interactions.
文摘In comparison to studies investigating the roles of 5-HT1, 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors in aggressive behaviour there is a dearth of material examining the function of 5-HT4 receptors in this behaviour. In view of this, the current study examined the effects of the 5-HT4 receptor partial agonist RS 67333 and antagonist RS 39604 in murine agonistic behaviour. RS 67333 failed to produce any significant changes in the offensive. Significant variation in the frequency of evade behaviour was detected but this occurred between treatment groups rather than with controls. Interestingly, both the frequency and duration of stretched attend behaviour were increased by RS 67333 0.1 mg/kg, a result indicative of increased risk assessment. The administration of RS 39604 (0.01 - 1 mg/kg) produced significant variation in the fre-quency and duration of following, and aggressive grooming. Frozen crouch behaviour was also increased significantly at 0.1 mg/kg. It is concluded that since the 5-HT4 receptor ligands employed in this study produced very few significant behavioural effects across the treatment groups, 5-HT4 receptors do not play a role in the modulation of murine aggressive behaviour.
文摘In their Parental Socialization of Emotions model, Eisenberg, Cumberland and Spinrad (1998) differentiated parents’ Emotion-Related Socialization Behaviours (ERSBs) that support their child’s socio-emotional development: their reactions to their child’s emotions, their discussions about emotions with the child and the expressions of their own emotions in the family. The cross- sectional study focused on the variability of parents’ ERSBs according to children’s and parents’ characteristics (Study 1) and included 167 mothers and 152 fathers of preschoolers. The short-term longitudinal study examined the interaction between parents’ ERSBs and children’s socio-emotional abilities (Theory of Mind, emotional regulation and social adjustment) (Study 2) in 53 two-parent families and their children, with a 6 months interval. In Study 1, parents’ ERSBs, their emotional competences and children’s personality were assessed by means of questionnaires. In Study 2, we combined direct and indirect measures to assess children’s socio-emotional competences. Results of Study 1 indicated that parental ERSBs were mainly predicted by children’s personality, such as emotional stability and parents’ emotional competences, such as communication about their own emotions. Moreover, we observed a differential sensitivity between mothers and fathers toward children’s personality. Results of Study 2 revealed that both mothers and fathers socialized their children’s socio-emotional competences, particularly by the way of emotion-related conversations with their children. Mothers’ emotion-related conversations predicted children’s Theory of mind abilities and social adjustment, while fathers’ emotion-related conversations predicted children’s emotional regulation. In addition, fathers’ reactions to their children’s emotions were predicted by children’s socio-emotional competences. These studies highlighted bidirectional effects between parents’ behaviours and children’s development. They emphasized also the importance to better identify predictors of parents’ ERSBs in order to know on which target the professionals should intervene.
文摘There is growing evidence for the use of social prescribing as a means of facilitating healthy lifestyle behavior changes by linking patients to sources of support in the community. However, there are gaps in understanding about what works to facilitate and enable this behavior change i.e. , the mechanisms of actions underpinning social prescribing delivery. This study used a qualitative approach involving interviews with 18 Social Prescription Link Workers (SPLWs). Reflective thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Through this, an overall theme of “Theoretical underpinning: Solution-focused and strengths-based” was identified. This was made up of sub-themes relating to mechanisms underpinning: the SPLWs’ role (comprising asking questions, motivational interviewing and the therapeutic alliance);the patients’ role, (empowerment and active engagement);and the approach adopted (solution building, goal and action orientated). To formalize this, a framework could be developed for SPLWs that encapsulates the solution-focused strengths-based approach for application within social prescribing. This framework can then be embedded into practice facilitating more successful healthy lifestyle behavior change for social prescribing patients.
文摘Background: In primary care, social prescribing (SP) is where a patient is referred to a “link worker”, who considers their needs and then “prescribes” or connects them to appropriate community-based resources and services. Recent policy and guidance in the UK has significantly expanded the provision of SP to improve patient health and wellbeing. Methods: This study conducted a systematic review of evidence for SP effectiveness and to report needs addressed, interventions provided, and behaviour change techniques employed. Inclusion criterion was patient referral from primary care to a SP link worker. Online databases were searched for studies published from February 2016 to July 2021. Searches were restricted to English language only. Risk of bias assessment and a narrative analysis were undertaken. Results: Eight studies were included. All studies reported some positive outcomes. There were weaknesses and limitations in study design and in reporting of results: a lack of comparative controls, short duration and single point follow-up, a lack of standardised assessments, missing data, and a failure to consider potential confounding factors. All studies had features which indicated a high risk of bias. Conclusion: Evidence for the value and positive impact of SP is accumulating, but evaluation design remains relatively weak. There is a need to improve evaluation through robust methodological design and the adoption of universal outcome measures and evaluation/analytical framework. SP should seek to assess patient wellbeing, self-management, and quality of lifeoutcomes systematically, and adopt behaviour change techniques to enable healthier lifestyles in the short and long term.
文摘目的探究心理认知因素对肥胖儿童健康相关行为的影响,为未来临床针对肥胖儿童行为管理提供依据。方法选取2023年7月至12月于南京医科大学附属儿童医院儿童保健科就诊的274例7~16岁儿童作为研究对象,专人测量儿童身高、体质量和体脂肪含量,并计算身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)。参考中国6~18岁学龄儿童超重与肥胖BMI参考界值点将研究对象分为肥胖组及对照组,其中肥胖组168名,对照组106名。通过问卷及量表收集儿童的一般资料,评估儿童体质量感知、健康相关行为(包括饮食行为、身体活动及睡眠情况)及心理健康状况。统计学方法采用t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验、χ^(2)检验、偏相关分析及线性回归分析。结果对照组儿童平均年龄(10.61±1.67)岁,肥胖组儿童平均年龄(10.88±2.03)岁。健康相关行为方面,肥胖组儿童过饱响应、进食缓慢分量表评分以及儿童身体活动问卷(Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children,PAQ-C)量表评分均低于对照组(t值分别为3.703、4.562、2.798,P值均<0.05),食物响应、食物喜好、渴望饮料、情绪性过度饮食分量表评分均高于对照组(t值分别为-8.759、-9.073、-3.362、-3.277,P值均<0.05),周末平均每日睡眠时间不足9小时的占比明显高于对照组(χ^(2)=14.536,P<0.001)。心理健康状况方面,肥胖组儿童生理功能、社会功能的生活质量评分明显低于对照组(t值分别为3.136、2.792,P值均<0.05),社交回避及苦恼维度评分显著高于对照组(t=-2.363,P=0.019)。多元线性回归矫正混杂因素后,社会功能与情绪性过度饮食评分呈负相关(β=-0.195,P=0.014),情感功能与食物响应评分呈负相关(β=-0.172,P=0.028),BMI与食物喜好评分呈正相关(β=0.318,P=0.001)。中介效应分析显示,肥胖儿童社会功能在体脂肪含量与身体活动关系间存在完全中介作用,中介占比21.05%。结论肥胖儿童表现出异常饮食行为、身体活动少、睡眠不足等一系列危害健康行为以及社交回避,同时心理健康水平会影响肥胖儿童健康相关行为的发生,尤其是社会交往。肥胖儿童行为管理过程中,在关注肥胖儿童不良生活方式改变的同时,还需改善肥胖儿童的心理健康水平。
