Hepatic encephalopathy(HE)is a neurological condition that occurs as a complication of liver dysfunction that involves sensorimotor symptoms in addition to cognitive and behavioral changes,particularly in cases of sev...Hepatic encephalopathy(HE)is a neurological condition that occurs as a complication of liver dysfunction that involves sensorimotor symptoms in addition to cognitive and behavioral changes,particularly in cases of severe liver disease or cirrhosis.Previous studies have reported spatially distributed structural and functional abnormalities related to HE,but the exact relationship between the structural and functional alterations with respect to disease progression remains unclear.In this study,we performed surface-based cortical thickness comparisons and functional connectivity(FC)analyses between three cross-sectional groups:healthy controls(HC,N¼51),patients with minimal hepatic en-cephalopathy(MHE,N¼50),patients with overt hepatic encephalopathy(OHE,N¼51).In addition to the distributed cortical thinning that is extensively thought to be associated with cognitive decline in HE,we found significant cortical thickening in the left para-hippocampal gyrus cortex in the OHE group(p<0.001,p¼0.009)as compared to the HC and MHE group respectively,which is further corroborated by the significant correlation between the cortical thickness and digit symbol test(DST)scores.Furthermore,the decreased FC between the right postcentral gyrus and several sensory regions(bilateral somatosensory and visual cortices)was found to be significant in MHE patients as compared to the HC group.Our results revealed cross-sectional structural and functional variations concerning disease progression across different subsystems(e.g.,visual,motor and sensory),providing evidence that can potentially explain the mechanisms underlying the sensorimotor and cognitive deficits related to HE.展开更多
Very little is known about the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation and rehabilitation training on pyramidal cell dendrites and synapses of the contralateral, unaffected sensorimotor cortex in a rat model of f...Very little is known about the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation and rehabilitation training on pyramidal cell dendrites and synapses of the contralateral, unaffected sensorimotor cortex in a rat model of focal cerebral infarct. The present study was designed to explore the mechanisms underlying improved motor function via transcranial magnetic stimulation and rehabilitation training following cerebral infarction. Results showed that rehabilitation training or transcranial magnetic stimulation alone reduced neurological impairment in rats following cerebral infarction, as well as significantly increased synaptic curvatures and post-synaptic density in the non-injured cerebral hemisphere sensorimotor cortex and narrowed the synapse cleft width. In addition, the percentage of perforated synapses increased. The combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation and rehabilitation resulted in significantly increased total dendritic length, dendritic branching points, and dendritic density in layer V pyramidal cells of the non-injured cerebral hemisphere motor cortex. These results demonstrated that transcranial magnetic stimulation and rehabilitation training altered structural parameters of pyramidal cell dendrites and synapses in the non-injured cerebral hemisphere sensorimotor cortex, thereby improving the ability to compensate for neurological functions in rats following cerebral infarction.展开更多
Brain plasticity, including anatomical changes and functional reorganization, is the physiological basis of functional recovery after spinal cord injury（SCI）. The correlation between brain anatomical changes and fun...Brain plasticity, including anatomical changes and functional reorganization, is the physiological basis of functional recovery after spinal cord injury（SCI）. The correlation between brain anatomical changes and functional reorganization after SCI is unclear. This study aimed to explore whether alterations of cortical structure and network function are concomitant in sensorimotor areas after incomplete SCI. Eighteen patients with incomplete SCI（mean age 40.94 ± 14.10 years old; male：female, 7：11） and 18 healthy subjects（37.33 ± 11.79 years old; male：female, 7：11） were studied by resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Gray matter volume（GMV） and functional connectivity were used to evaluate cortical structure and network function, respectively. There was no significant alteration of GMV in sensorimotor areas in patients with incomplete SCI compared with healthy subjects. Intra-hemispheric functional connectivity between left primary somatosensory cortex（BA1） and left primary motor cortex（BA4）, and left BA1 and left somatosensory association cortex（BA5） was decreased, as well as inter-hemispheric functional connectivity between left BA1 and right BA4, left BA1 and right BA5, and left BA4 and right BA5 in patients with SCI. Functional connectivity between both BA4 areas was also decreased. The decreased functional connectivity between the left BA1 and the right BA4 positively correlated with American Spinal Injury Association sensory score in SCI patients. The results indicate that alterations of cortical anatomical structure and network functional connectivity in sensorimotor areas were non-concomitant in patients with incomplete SCI, indicating the network functional changes in sensorimotor areas may not be dependent on anatomic structure. The strength of functional connectivity within sensorimotor areas could serve as a potential imaging biomarker for assessment and prediction of sensory function in patients with incomplete SCI. This trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry（registration number： Chi CTR-ROC-17013566）.展开更多
The deep cerebellar nuclei(DCN)integrate various inputs to the cerebellum and form the final cerebellar outputs critical for associative sensorimotor learning.However,the functional relevance of distinct neuronal subp...The deep cerebellar nuclei(DCN)integrate various inputs to the cerebellum and form the final cerebellar outputs critical for associative sensorimotor learning.However,the functional relevance of distinct neuronal subpopulations within the DCN remains poorly understood.Here,we examined a subpopulation of mouse DCN neurons whose axons specifically project to the ventromedial(Vm)thalamus(DCNVm neurons),and found that these neurons represent a specific subset of DCN units whose activity varies with trace eyeblink conditioning(tEBC),a classical associative sensorimotor learning task.Upon conditioning,the activity of DCNVm neurons signaled the performance of conditioned eyeblink responses(CRs).Optogenetic activation and inhibition of the DCNVm neurons in well-trained mice amplified and diminished the CRs,respectively.Chemogenetic manipulation of the DCNVm neurons had no effects on non-associative motor coordination.Furthermore,optogenetic activation of the DCNVm neurons caused rapid elevated firing activity in the cingulate cortex,a brain area critical for bridging the time gap between sensory stimuli and motor execution during tEBC.Together,our data highlights DCNVm neurons’function and delineates their kinematic parameters that modulate the strength of associative sensorimotor responses.展开更多
Perceiving pitch is a central function of the human auditory system;congenital amusia is a disorder of pitch perception.The underlying neural mechanisms of congenital amusia have been actively discussed.However,little...Perceiving pitch is a central function of the human auditory system;congenital amusia is a disorder of pitch perception.The underlying neural mechanisms of congenital amusia have been actively discussed.However,little attention has been paid to the changes in the motor rain within congenital amusia.In this case-control study,17 participants with congenital amusia and 14 healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while resting with their eyes closed.A voxel-based degree centrality method was used to identify abnormal functional network centrality by comparing degree centrality values between the congenital amusia group and the healthy control group.We found decreased degree centrality values in the right primary sensorimotor areas in participants with congenital amusia relative to controls,indicating potentially decreased centrality of the corresponding brain regions in the auditory-sensory motor feedback network.We found a significant positive correlation between the degree centrality values and the Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia scores.In conclusion,our study identified novel,hitherto undiscussed candidate brain regions that may partly contribute to or be modulated by congenital amusia.Our evidence supports the view that sensorimotor coupling plays an important role in memory and musical discrimination.The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,China(No.WDX20180101GZ01)on February 9,2019.展开更多
Mice subjected to an irregular light-dark cycle are known to lose their capacity to synchronize their behavioral rhythm to environmental light, and to show endophenotypes related to depressive disorders. Here we obser...Mice subjected to an irregular light-dark cycle are known to lose their capacity to synchronize their behavioral rhythm to environmental light, and to show endophenotypes related to depressive disorders. Here we observed that a susceptible strain of mice (C3H/HeJ) subjected to an irregular 3.5 hr:3.5 hr light-dark cycle showed an enhanced acoustic startle reflex and deficits in prepulse inhibition. As impaired sensorimotor gating is associated with the onset of a variety of mental disorders such as schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, irregular environmental light without circadian photo-entrainment may cause stress that has the potential to be involved in humans’ susceptibility to neuropsychiatric abnormalities.展开更多
Migratory birds depend on the perception of atmospheric updraft for long-distance flight.To realize more efficient autonomous soaring in an unpowered glider,different strategies for using potential sensorimotor cues t...Migratory birds depend on the perception of atmospheric updraft for long-distance flight.To realize more efficient autonomous soaring in an unpowered glider,different strategies for using potential sensorimotor cues to achieve autonomous soaring efficiency were compared and optimized.A simulation framework of autonomous soaring for an unpowered glider was developed based on a reinforcement learning algorithm.The framework was composed of three models:an updraft environment model,the glider's dynamics and control model,and a reinforcement learning agent,which learns to harvest more energy in flight.Based on the simulation,effects of different combinations of 12 potential sensorimotor cues on soaring efficiency were studied.Firstly,the absence of one particular sensorimotor cue and the use of only a single valid cue in autonomous soaring were analyzed.The results showed that the vertical airflow velocity gradient(aw)and the wing-tip updraft velocity difference(τ)have advantages over the other cues.Secondly,strategies combining aw orτwith other cues were analyzed to achieve more effective autonomous soaring,and seven potentially effective combinations of sensorimotor cues were identified.The final results showed that,among the tested combinations,the combination of vertical airflow velocity(Vw)andτ,enables the most efficient autonomous soaring.This study identified a highly effective sensorimotor cue strategy to guide an intelligent glider to achieve long-distance autonomous soaring flight.展开更多
The sensorimotor cortex participates in diverse functions with different reciprocally connected subregions and projection-defined pyramidal neuron types therein,while the fundamental organizational logic of its circui...The sensorimotor cortex participates in diverse functions with different reciprocally connected subregions and projection-defined pyramidal neuron types therein,while the fundamental organizational logic of its circuit elements at the single-cell level is still largely unclear.Here,using mouse Cre driver lines and highresolution whole-brain imaging to selectively trace the axons and dendrites of cortical pyramidal tract(PT)and intratelencephalic(IT)neurons,we reconstructed the complete morphology of 1,023 pyramidal neurons and generated a projectome of 6 subregions within the sensorimotor cortex.Our morphological data revealed substantial hierarchical and layer differences in the axonal innervation patterns of pyramidal neurons.We found that neurons located in the medial motor cortex had more diverse projection patterns than those in the lateral motor and sensory cortices.The morphological characteristics of IT neurons in layer 5 were more complex than those in layer 2/3.Furthermore,the soma location and morphological characteristics of individual neurons exhibited topographic correspondence.Different subregions and layers were composed of different proportions of projection subtypes that innervate downstream areas differentially.While the axonal terminals of PT neuronal population in each cortical subregion were distributed in specific subdomains of the superior colliculus(SC)and zona incerta(Zl),single neurons selectively innervated a combination of these projection targets.Overall,our data provide a comprehensive list of projection types of pyramidal neurons in the sensorimotor cortex and begin to unveilthe organizational principle of these projection types in different subregions and layers.展开更多
Knee osteoarthritis(KOA)represents one of the most common causes of chronic pain.The high prevalence and disability rates of KOA impose a severe burden on both individuals and society.In contrast to cutaneous pain,KOA...Knee osteoarthritis(KOA)represents one of the most common causes of chronic pain.The high prevalence and disability rates of KOA impose a severe burden on both individuals and society.In contrast to cutaneous pain,KOA-induced joint pain is characterized as a deep tissue pain that potentially involves distinct subgroups of peripheral sensory neurons and central processing mechanisms.Furthermore,KOA pain is closely related to locomotion activity.Impaired sensorimotor integration and pain mutually reinforce each other in KOA,forming a vicious cycle that exacerbates disease progression.In this review,we highlight the key differences between KOA pain and cutaneous pain,and the latter has been extensively studied in the pain field.We hope to offer new insights into the central mechanisms and development of new treatment strategies for KOA based on the interactions between impaired sensorimotor integration and chronic joint pain.展开更多
Background： Previous studies have demonstrated interhemispheric functional connectivity alterations in schizophrenia. However, the relationship between these alterations and the disease state of schizophrenia is larg...Background： Previous studies have demonstrated interhemispheric functional connectivity alterations in schizophrenia. However, the relationship between these alterations and the disease state of schizophrenia is largely unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate this relationship using voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity （VMHC） method. Methods： This study enrolled 36 schizophrenia patients with complete remission, 58 schizophrenia patients with incomplete remission and 55 healthy controls. The VMHC was calculated based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Differences in VMHC among three groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. A brain region with a significant difference in VMHC was defined as a region of interest （ROI）, and the mean VMHC value in the ROI was extracted for the post hoc analysis, i.e., pair-wise comparisons across the three groups. Results： VMHC in the visual region （inferior occipital and fusiform gyri） and the sensorimotor region （paracentral lobule） showed significant differences among the three groups （P 〈 0.05, a false discovery rate method corrected）. Pair-wise comparisons in the post hoc analysis showed that VMHC of the visual and sensorimotor regions in schizophrenia patients with complete remission and incomplete remission was lower than that in healthy controls （P 〈 0.05, Bonferroni corrected）; however, there was no significant difference between the two patient subgroups. Conclusions： Interhemispheric functional connectivity in the sensorimotor and visual processing pathways was reduced in patients with schizophrenia, but this reduction was unrelated to the disease state; thus, this reduction may serve as a trait marker of schizophrenia.展开更多
Purpose-Aiming at the shortcomings of EEG signals generated by brain’s sensorimotor region activated tasks,such as poor performance,low efficiency and weak robustness,this paper proposes an EEG signals classification...Purpose-Aiming at the shortcomings of EEG signals generated by brain’s sensorimotor region activated tasks,such as poor performance,low efficiency and weak robustness,this paper proposes an EEG signals classification method based on multi-dimensional fusion features.Design/methodology/approach-First,the improved Morlet wavelet is used to extract the spectrum feature maps from EEG signals.Then,the spatial-frequency features are extracted from the PSD maps by using the three-dimensional convolutional neural networks(3DCNNs)model.Finally,the spatial-frequency features are incorporated to the bidirectional gated recurrent units(Bi-GRUs)models to extract the spatial-frequencysequential multi-dimensional fusion features for recognition of brain’s sensorimotor region activated task.Findings-In the comparative experiments,the data sets of motor imagery(MI)/action observation(AO)/action execution(AE)tasks are selected to test the classification performance and robustness of the proposed algorithm.In addition,the impact of extracted features on the sensorimotor region and the impact on the classification processing are also analyzed by visualization during experiments.Originality/value-The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm extracts the corresponding brain activation features for different action related tasks,so as to achieve more stable classification performance in dealing with AO/MI/AE tasks,and has the best robustness on EEGsignals of different subjects.展开更多
Previous study indicates that there are two distinct behavioral patterns in the sensory-motor synchronization task with short stimulus onset asynchrony(SOA;2–3 s)or long SOA(beyond 4 s).However,the underlying neural ...Previous study indicates that there are two distinct behavioral patterns in the sensory-motor synchronization task with short stimulus onset asynchrony(SOA;2–3 s)or long SOA(beyond 4 s).However,the underlying neural indicators and mechanisms have not been elucidated.The present study applied magnetoencephalography(MEG)technology to examine the functional role of several oscillations(beta,gamma,and mu)in sensorimotor synchronization with different SOAs to identify a reliable neural indicator.During MEG recording,participants underwent a listening task without motor response,a sound-motor synchronization task,and a motor-only continuation task.These tasks were used to explore whether and how the activity of oscillations changes across different behavioral patterns with different tempos.Results showed that during both the listening and the synchronization task,the beta oscillation changes with the tempo.Moreover,the event-related synchronization of beta oscillations was significantly correlated with motor timing during synchronization.In contrast,mu activity only changes with the tempo in the synchronization task,while the gamma activity remains unchanged.In summary,the current study indicates that beta oscillation could be an indicator of behavioral patterns between fast tempo and slow tempo in sensorimotor synchronization.Also,it is likely to be the potential mechanism of maintaining rhythmic continuous movements with short SOA,which is embedded within the 3 s time window.展开更多
Establishment of animal models of schizophrenia is critical for both understanding the mechanisms underlying this severe mental disease and developing new antipsychotics. This paper starts from the theoretical root of...Establishment of animal models of schizophrenia is critical for both understanding the mechanisms underlying this severe mental disease and developing new antipsychotics. This paper starts from the theoretical root of sensory gating, the 損rotection-of-processing?theory, then thoroughly describes the representative studies over the past decade on the mechanism underlying prepulse inhibition and on those underlying modulation of prepulse inhibition, which is the normal startle suppression caused by the weak stimulus preceding the intense startling stimulus. The main methods for inducing prepulse inhibition deficits in experimental animals include: ⅰ) modulations of neuro- transmission that are closely associated with schizophrenia; ⅱ) focal lesions or pharmacological manipulations of brain structures in the cortico-striato-pallido-pontine circuit; and ⅲ) maternal deprivation or social isolation. Six essential topics for studies in modeling schizophrenia are suggested at the last part of this review.展开更多
基金the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China(82071994,82202249)Tianjin Health High Level Talent Selection and Training Project(TJSQNYXXR-D2-143)+4 种基金Natural Scientific Foundation of Tianjin(21CYBJC01580,21JCQNJC01480)Tianjin Health Research Project(TJWJ2023QN031,TJWJ2023XK012)Tianjin Health Science and technology project(Specific projects of key disciplines)(TJWJ2022XK019)Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project(TJYXZDXK-041A)Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(21JCYBJC01290).
文摘Hepatic encephalopathy(HE)is a neurological condition that occurs as a complication of liver dysfunction that involves sensorimotor symptoms in addition to cognitive and behavioral changes,particularly in cases of severe liver disease or cirrhosis.Previous studies have reported spatially distributed structural and functional abnormalities related to HE,but the exact relationship between the structural and functional alterations with respect to disease progression remains unclear.In this study,we performed surface-based cortical thickness comparisons and functional connectivity(FC)analyses between three cross-sectional groups:healthy controls(HC,N¼51),patients with minimal hepatic en-cephalopathy(MHE,N¼50),patients with overt hepatic encephalopathy(OHE,N¼51).In addition to the distributed cortical thinning that is extensively thought to be associated with cognitive decline in HE,we found significant cortical thickening in the left para-hippocampal gyrus cortex in the OHE group(p<0.001,p¼0.009)as compared to the HC and MHE group respectively,which is further corroborated by the significant correlation between the cortical thickness and digit symbol test(DST)scores.Furthermore,the decreased FC between the right postcentral gyrus and several sensory regions(bilateral somatosensory and visual cortices)was found to be significant in MHE patients as compared to the HC group.Our results revealed cross-sectional structural and functional variations concerning disease progression across different subsystems(e.g.,visual,motor and sensory),providing evidence that can potentially explain the mechanisms underlying the sensorimotor and cognitive deficits related to HE.
基金Yantai Science and Technology Development Projects, No. 2008142-5
文摘Very little is known about the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation and rehabilitation training on pyramidal cell dendrites and synapses of the contralateral, unaffected sensorimotor cortex in a rat model of focal cerebral infarct. The present study was designed to explore the mechanisms underlying improved motor function via transcranial magnetic stimulation and rehabilitation training following cerebral infarction. Results showed that rehabilitation training or transcranial magnetic stimulation alone reduced neurological impairment in rats following cerebral infarction, as well as significantly increased synaptic curvatures and post-synaptic density in the non-injured cerebral hemisphere sensorimotor cortex and narrowed the synapse cleft width. In addition, the percentage of perforated synapses increased. The combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation and rehabilitation resulted in significantly increased total dendritic length, dendritic branching points, and dendritic density in layer V pyramidal cells of the non-injured cerebral hemisphere motor cortex. These results demonstrated that transcranial magnetic stimulation and rehabilitation training altered structural parameters of pyramidal cell dendrites and synapses in the non-injured cerebral hemisphere sensorimotor cortex, thereby improving the ability to compensate for neurological functions in rats following cerebral infarction.
基金supported by a grant from Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program,No.2014081266,20131089382the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.61171002,60372023
文摘Brain plasticity, including anatomical changes and functional reorganization, is the physiological basis of functional recovery after spinal cord injury（SCI）. The correlation between brain anatomical changes and functional reorganization after SCI is unclear. This study aimed to explore whether alterations of cortical structure and network function are concomitant in sensorimotor areas after incomplete SCI. Eighteen patients with incomplete SCI（mean age 40.94 ± 14.10 years old; male：female, 7：11） and 18 healthy subjects（37.33 ± 11.79 years old; male：female, 7：11） were studied by resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Gray matter volume（GMV） and functional connectivity were used to evaluate cortical structure and network function, respectively. There was no significant alteration of GMV in sensorimotor areas in patients with incomplete SCI compared with healthy subjects. Intra-hemispheric functional connectivity between left primary somatosensory cortex（BA1） and left primary motor cortex（BA4）, and left BA1 and left somatosensory association cortex（BA5） was decreased, as well as inter-hemispheric functional connectivity between left BA1 and right BA4, left BA1 and right BA5, and left BA4 and right BA5 in patients with SCI. Functional connectivity between both BA4 areas was also decreased. The decreased functional connectivity between the left BA1 and the right BA4 positively correlated with American Spinal Injury Association sensory score in SCI patients. The results indicate that alterations of cortical anatomical structure and network functional connectivity in sensorimotor areas were non-concomitant in patients with incomplete SCI, indicating the network functional changes in sensorimotor areas may not be dependent on anatomic structure. The strength of functional connectivity within sensorimotor areas could serve as a potential imaging biomarker for assessment and prediction of sensory function in patients with incomplete SCI. This trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry（registration number： Chi CTR-ROC-17013566）.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81871039)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipality(cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0424)+1 种基金the Frontier Interdisciplinary Project of the College of Basic Sciences(2020JCZX02)the Special Training Program for Undergraduates of Army Medical University(2020XBK09 and 2021XBK45).
文摘The deep cerebellar nuclei(DCN)integrate various inputs to the cerebellum and form the final cerebellar outputs critical for associative sensorimotor learning.However,the functional relevance of distinct neuronal subpopulations within the DCN remains poorly understood.Here,we examined a subpopulation of mouse DCN neurons whose axons specifically project to the ventromedial(Vm)thalamus(DCNVm neurons),and found that these neurons represent a specific subset of DCN units whose activity varies with trace eyeblink conditioning(tEBC),a classical associative sensorimotor learning task.Upon conditioning,the activity of DCNVm neurons signaled the performance of conditioned eyeblink responses(CRs).Optogenetic activation and inhibition of the DCNVm neurons in well-trained mice amplified and diminished the CRs,respectively.Chemogenetic manipulation of the DCNVm neurons had no effects on non-associative motor coordination.Furthermore,optogenetic activation of the DCNVm neurons caused rapid elevated firing activity in the cingulate cortex,a brain area critical for bridging the time gap between sensory stimuli and motor execution during tEBC.Together,our data highlights DCNVm neurons’function and delineates their kinematic parameters that modulate the strength of associative sensorimotor responses.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61375086)the Key Project of Science and Technique Plan of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education(No.KZ201210005001)+1 种基金the National Basic Research Program(973)of China(No.2012CB720000)the China Scholarship Council Program(No.201406540017)
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81771172(to DXW),81671671(to JL)the Second Xiangya Hospital Start-Up Fund,China。
文摘Perceiving pitch is a central function of the human auditory system;congenital amusia is a disorder of pitch perception.The underlying neural mechanisms of congenital amusia have been actively discussed.However,little attention has been paid to the changes in the motor rain within congenital amusia.In this case-control study,17 participants with congenital amusia and 14 healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while resting with their eyes closed.A voxel-based degree centrality method was used to identify abnormal functional network centrality by comparing degree centrality values between the congenital amusia group and the healthy control group.We found decreased degree centrality values in the right primary sensorimotor areas in participants with congenital amusia relative to controls,indicating potentially decreased centrality of the corresponding brain regions in the auditory-sensory motor feedback network.We found a significant positive correlation between the degree centrality values and the Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia scores.In conclusion,our study identified novel,hitherto undiscussed candidate brain regions that may partly contribute to or be modulated by congenital amusia.Our evidence supports the view that sensorimotor coupling plays an important role in memory and musical discrimination.The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,China(No.WDX20180101GZ01)on February 9,2019.
文摘Mice subjected to an irregular light-dark cycle are known to lose their capacity to synchronize their behavioral rhythm to environmental light, and to show endophenotypes related to depressive disorders. Here we observed that a susceptible strain of mice (C3H/HeJ) subjected to an irregular 3.5 hr:3.5 hr light-dark cycle showed an enhanced acoustic startle reflex and deficits in prepulse inhibition. As impaired sensorimotor gating is associated with the onset of a variety of mental disorders such as schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, irregular environmental light without circadian photo-entrainment may cause stress that has the potential to be involved in humans’ susceptibility to neuropsychiatric abnormalities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12202384 and U2241274)the Leading Talent Project for Scientific and Technological Innovation in Zhejiang Province(No.2023R5220)the Specialized Research Projects of Huanjiang Laboratory,China。
文摘Migratory birds depend on the perception of atmospheric updraft for long-distance flight.To realize more efficient autonomous soaring in an unpowered glider,different strategies for using potential sensorimotor cues to achieve autonomous soaring efficiency were compared and optimized.A simulation framework of autonomous soaring for an unpowered glider was developed based on a reinforcement learning algorithm.The framework was composed of three models:an updraft environment model,the glider's dynamics and control model,and a reinforcement learning agent,which learns to harvest more energy in flight.Based on the simulation,effects of different combinations of 12 potential sensorimotor cues on soaring efficiency were studied.Firstly,the absence of one particular sensorimotor cue and the use of only a single valid cue in autonomous soaring were analyzed.The results showed that the vertical airflow velocity gradient(aw)and the wing-tip updraft velocity difference(τ)have advantages over the other cues.Secondly,strategies combining aw orτwith other cues were analyzed to achieve more effective autonomous soaring,and seven potentially effective combinations of sensorimotor cues were identified.The final results showed that,among the tested combinations,the combination of vertical airflow velocity(Vw)andτ,enables the most efficient autonomous soaring.This study identified a highly effective sensorimotor cue strategy to guide an intelligent glider to achieve long-distance autonomous soaring flight.
基金supported by the STI2030-Major Projects(nos.2021ZD0201001 and 2021ZD0201002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.32192412)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(no.2019-12M-5-014).
文摘The sensorimotor cortex participates in diverse functions with different reciprocally connected subregions and projection-defined pyramidal neuron types therein,while the fundamental organizational logic of its circuit elements at the single-cell level is still largely unclear.Here,using mouse Cre driver lines and highresolution whole-brain imaging to selectively trace the axons and dendrites of cortical pyramidal tract(PT)and intratelencephalic(IT)neurons,we reconstructed the complete morphology of 1,023 pyramidal neurons and generated a projectome of 6 subregions within the sensorimotor cortex.Our morphological data revealed substantial hierarchical and layer differences in the axonal innervation patterns of pyramidal neurons.We found that neurons located in the medial motor cortex had more diverse projection patterns than those in the lateral motor and sensory cortices.The morphological characteristics of IT neurons in layer 5 were more complex than those in layer 2/3.Furthermore,the soma location and morphological characteristics of individual neurons exhibited topographic correspondence.Different subregions and layers were composed of different proportions of projection subtypes that innervate downstream areas differentially.While the axonal terminals of PT neuronal population in each cortical subregion were distributed in specific subdomains of the superior colliculus(SC)and zona incerta(Zl),single neurons selectively innervated a combination of these projection targets.Overall,our data provide a comprehensive list of projection types of pyramidal neurons in the sensorimotor cortex and begin to unveilthe organizational principle of these projection types in different subregions and layers.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(No.F252065)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32271190,32571323)the STI 2030 Major Project(No.2021ZD0203202)。
文摘Knee osteoarthritis(KOA)represents one of the most common causes of chronic pain.The high prevalence and disability rates of KOA impose a severe burden on both individuals and society.In contrast to cutaneous pain,KOA-induced joint pain is characterized as a deep tissue pain that potentially involves distinct subgroups of peripheral sensory neurons and central processing mechanisms.Furthermore,KOA pain is closely related to locomotion activity.Impaired sensorimotor integration and pain mutually reinforce each other in KOA,forming a vicious cycle that exacerbates disease progression.In this review,we highlight the key differences between KOA pain and cutaneous pain,and the latter has been extensively studied in the pain field.We hope to offer new insights into the central mechanisms and development of new treatment strategies for KOA based on the interactions between impaired sensorimotor integration and chronic joint pain.
基金This study was supported by the grants from the National Basic Research Program of China （973 program, No. 2011CB707801） the Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81501451, No. 91332113 and No. 81271551） and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation （No. 2012M520585）.
文摘Background： Previous studies have demonstrated interhemispheric functional connectivity alterations in schizophrenia. However, the relationship between these alterations and the disease state of schizophrenia is largely unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate this relationship using voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity （VMHC） method. Methods： This study enrolled 36 schizophrenia patients with complete remission, 58 schizophrenia patients with incomplete remission and 55 healthy controls. The VMHC was calculated based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Differences in VMHC among three groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. A brain region with a significant difference in VMHC was defined as a region of interest （ROI）, and the mean VMHC value in the ROI was extracted for the post hoc analysis, i.e., pair-wise comparisons across the three groups. Results： VMHC in the visual region （inferior occipital and fusiform gyri） and the sensorimotor region （paracentral lobule） showed significant differences among the three groups （P 〈 0.05, a false discovery rate method corrected）. Pair-wise comparisons in the post hoc analysis showed that VMHC of the visual and sensorimotor regions in schizophrenia patients with complete remission and incomplete remission was lower than that in healthy controls （P 〈 0.05, Bonferroni corrected）; however, there was no significant difference between the two patient subgroups. Conclusions： Interhemispheric functional connectivity in the sensorimotor and visual processing pathways was reduced in patients with schizophrenia, but this reduction was unrelated to the disease state; thus, this reduction may serve as a trait marker of schizophrenia.
基金The education and scientific research project of young and middle-aged teachers of Fujian provincial department of education(No.JAT171070).
文摘Purpose-Aiming at the shortcomings of EEG signals generated by brain’s sensorimotor region activated tasks,such as poor performance,low efficiency and weak robustness,this paper proposes an EEG signals classification method based on multi-dimensional fusion features.Design/methodology/approach-First,the improved Morlet wavelet is used to extract the spectrum feature maps from EEG signals.Then,the spatial-frequency features are extracted from the PSD maps by using the three-dimensional convolutional neural networks(3DCNNs)model.Finally,the spatial-frequency features are incorporated to the bidirectional gated recurrent units(Bi-GRUs)models to extract the spatial-frequencysequential multi-dimensional fusion features for recognition of brain’s sensorimotor region activated task.Findings-In the comparative experiments,the data sets of motor imagery(MI)/action observation(AO)/action execution(AE)tasks are selected to test the classification performance and robustness of the proposed algorithm.In addition,the impact of extracted features on the sensorimotor region and the impact on the classification processing are also analyzed by visualization during experiments.Originality/value-The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm extracts the corresponding brain activation features for different action related tasks,so as to achieve more stable classification performance in dealing with AO/MI/AE tasks,and has the best robustness on EEGsignals of different subjects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Projects 31771213 and 31371018)and the China Scholarship Council.
文摘Previous study indicates that there are two distinct behavioral patterns in the sensory-motor synchronization task with short stimulus onset asynchrony(SOA;2–3 s)or long SOA(beyond 4 s).However,the underlying neural indicators and mechanisms have not been elucidated.The present study applied magnetoencephalography(MEG)technology to examine the functional role of several oscillations(beta,gamma,and mu)in sensorimotor synchronization with different SOAs to identify a reliable neural indicator.During MEG recording,participants underwent a listening task without motor response,a sound-motor synchronization task,and a motor-only continuation task.These tasks were used to explore whether and how the activity of oscillations changes across different behavioral patterns with different tempos.Results showed that during both the listening and the synchronization task,the beta oscillation changes with the tempo.Moreover,the event-related synchronization of beta oscillations was significantly correlated with motor timing during synchronization.In contrast,mu activity only changes with the tempo in the synchronization task,while the gamma activity remains unchanged.In summary,the current study indicates that beta oscillation could be an indicator of behavioral patterns between fast tempo and slow tempo in sensorimotor synchronization.Also,it is likely to be the potential mechanism of maintaining rhythmic continuous movements with short SOA,which is embedded within the 3 s time window.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(Grant No.30200080)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2002CCA01000)the Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.02170).
文摘Establishment of animal models of schizophrenia is critical for both understanding the mechanisms underlying this severe mental disease and developing new antipsychotics. This paper starts from the theoretical root of sensory gating, the 損rotection-of-processing?theory, then thoroughly describes the representative studies over the past decade on the mechanism underlying prepulse inhibition and on those underlying modulation of prepulse inhibition, which is the normal startle suppression caused by the weak stimulus preceding the intense startling stimulus. The main methods for inducing prepulse inhibition deficits in experimental animals include: ⅰ) modulations of neuro- transmission that are closely associated with schizophrenia; ⅱ) focal lesions or pharmacological manipulations of brain structures in the cortico-striato-pallido-pontine circuit; and ⅲ) maternal deprivation or social isolation. Six essential topics for studies in modeling schizophrenia are suggested at the last part of this review.
