Smart farming with outdoor monitoring systems is critical to address food shortages and sustainability challenges.These systems facilitate informed decisions that enhance efficiency in broader environmental management...Smart farming with outdoor monitoring systems is critical to address food shortages and sustainability challenges.These systems facilitate informed decisions that enhance efficiency in broader environmental management.Existing outdoor systems equipped with energy harvesters and self-powered sensors often struggle with fluctuating energy sources,low durability under harsh conditions,non-transparent or non-biocompatible materials,and complex structures.Herein,a multifunctional hydrogel is developed,which can fulfill all the above requirements and build selfsustainable outdoor monitoring systems solely by it.It can serve as a stable energy harvester that continuously generates direct current output with an average power density of 1.9 W m^(-3)for nearly 60 days of operation in normal environments(24℃,60%RH),with an energy density of around 1.36×10^(7)J m^(-3).It also shows good self-recoverability in severe environments(45℃,30%RH)in nearly 40 days of continuous operation.Moreover,this hydrogel enables noninvasive and self-powered monitoring of leaf relative water content,providing critical data on evaluating plant health,previously obtainable only through invasive or high-power consumption methods.Its potential extends to acting as other self-powered environmental sensors.This multifunctional hydrogel enables self-sustainable outdoor systems with scalable and low-cost production,paving the way for future agriculture.展开更多
β-Ga_(2)O_(3),as one of the important 4th generation semiconductors,is widely used in solar-blind ultraviolet(UV)detectors with a short detection range of 200-280 nm benefiting from its ultra-wide bandgap,strong radi...β-Ga_(2)O_(3),as one of the important 4th generation semiconductors,is widely used in solar-blind ultraviolet(UV)detectors with a short detection range of 200-280 nm benefiting from its ultra-wide bandgap,strong radiation resistance,and excellent chemical and thermal stabilities.Here,a self-powered photodetector(PD)based on an Ag/β-Ga_(2)O_(3) Schottky heterojunction was designed and fabricated.Through a subtle design of electrodes,the pyro-phototronic effect was discovered,which can be coupled to the common photovoltaic effect and further enhance the performance of the PD.Compared to traditional Ga_(2)O_(3)-based PD,the as-used PD exhibited a self-driving property and a broadband response beyond the bandgap lim-itations,ranging from 200 nm(deep UV)to 980 nm(infrared).Moreover,the photoresponse time was greatly shrunk owing to the coupling effect.Under laser irradiation,with a wavelength of 450 nm and a power density of 8 mW cm-2,the photocurrent could be improved by around 41 times compared with the sole photovoltaic effect.Besides,the performances of the Schottky PD were enhanced at both high and low temperatures.The device also possessed long-term working stability.This paper not only re-veals basic physics lying in the 4th generation semiconductor Ga_(2)O_(3) but also sheds light on the multi-encryption transmission of light information using this PD.展开更多
Quantum dot(QD)-based infrared photodetector is a promising technology that can implement current monitoring,imaging and optical communication in the infrared region. However, the photodetection performance of self-po...Quantum dot(QD)-based infrared photodetector is a promising technology that can implement current monitoring,imaging and optical communication in the infrared region. However, the photodetection performance of self-powered QD devices is still limited by their unfavorable charge carrier dynamics due to their intrinsically discrete charge carrier transport process. Herein, we strategically constructed semiconducting matrix in QD film to achieve efficient charge transfer and extraction.The p-type semiconducting CuSCN was selected as energy-aligned matrix to match the n-type colloidal PbS QDs that was used as proof-of-concept. Note that the PbS QD/CuSCN matrix not only enables efficient charge carrier separation and transfer at nano-interfaces but also provides continuous charge carrier transport pathways that are different from the hoping process in neat QD film, resulting in improved charge mobility and derived collection efficiency. As a result, the target structure delivers high specific detectivity of 4.38 × 10^(12)Jones and responsivity of 782 mA/W at 808 nm, which is superior than that of the PbS QD-only photodetector(4.66 × 10^(11)Jones and 338 mA/W). This work provides a new structure candidate for efficient colloidal QD based optoelectronic devices.展开更多
Two-dimensional perovskite ferroelectric which strongly couple ferroelectricity with semiconducting properties are promising candidates for optoelectronic applications.However,it is still a great challenge to fabricat...Two-dimensional perovskite ferroelectric which strongly couple ferroelectricity with semiconducting properties are promising candidates for optoelectronic applications.However,it is still a great challenge to fabricate self-powered broadband photodetectors with low detection limit.Herein,we successfully realized self-powered broadband photodetection with low detection limit by using a trilayered perovskite ferroelectric(BA)_(2)EA_(2)Pb_(3)I_(10)(1,BA=n-butylamine,EA=ethylamine).Giving to its large spontaneous polarization(5.6μC/cm^(2)),1 exhibits an open-circuit voltage of 0.25 V which provide driving force to separate carriers.Combining with its low dark current(~10^(-14)A)and narrow bandgap(Eg=1.86 e V),1 demonstrates great potential on detecting the broadband weak lights.Thus,a prominent photodetection performance with high open-off ratio(~10^(5)),outstanding responsivity(>10 m A/W),and promising detectivity(>1011Jones),as well as the low detecting limit(~nW/cm^(2))among the wide wavelength from 377 nm to637 nm was realized based on the single crystal of 1.This work demonstrates the great potential of 2D perovskite ferroelectric on self-powered broadband photodetectors.展开更多
Belt conveyors are extensively utilized in mining and power industries.In a typical coal mine conveyor system,coal is transported over distances exceeding 2 km,involving more than 20000 idlers,which far exceeds a reas...Belt conveyors are extensively utilized in mining and power industries.In a typical coal mine conveyor system,coal is transported over distances exceeding 2 km,involving more than 20000 idlers,which far exceeds a reasonable manual inspection capacity.Given that idlers typically have a lifespan of 1-2 years,there is an urgent need for a rapid,cost-effective,and intelligent safety monitoring system.However,current embedded systems face prohibitive replacement costs,while conventional monitoring technologies suffer from inefficiency at low rotational speeds and lack systematic structural optimization frameworks for diverse idler types and parameters.To address these challenges,this paper introduces an integrated,on-site detachable self-powered idler condition monitoring system(ICMS).This system combines energy harvesting based on the magnetic modulation technology with wireless condition monitoring capabilities.Specifically,it develops a data-driven model integrating convolutional neural networks(CNNs) with genetic algorithms(GAs).The conventional testing results show that the data-driven model not only significantly accelerates the parameter response time,but also achieves a prediction accuracy of 92.95%.The in-situ experiments conducted in coal mines demonstrate the system's reliability and monitoring functionality under both no-load and fullload conditions.This research provides an innovative self-powered condition monitoring solution and develops an efficient data-driven model,offering feasible online monitoring approaches for smart mine construction.展开更多
TriboElectric NanoGenerators(TENGs),introduced in 2012 by Wang et al.,have revolutionized the way we harvest energy,converting mechanical energy into electrical power with remarkable efficiency.Since their inception,T...TriboElectric NanoGenerators(TENGs),introduced in 2012 by Wang et al.,have revolutionized the way we harvest energy,converting mechanical energy into electrical power with remarkable efficiency.Since their inception,TENGs have unlocked innumerable applications,driving a surge in innovative research and development.This study utilizes the Scopus database to conduct a bibliographic analysis,highlighting the diverse applications,influential authors,and citation patterns that define the TENG landscape.Through the use of MATLAB and VOSviewer,we provide a visually compelling analysis that not only shows the integration of artificial intelligence in scientific literature but also explores the challenges and future potential of TENG technology.The document concludes by discussing TENGs challenges and the promising paths for their future applications.展开更多
Due to its ability to convert body heat into electricity,organic thermoelectric material is considered a promising and smart maintenance-free power source to charge wearable electronics.However,developing flexible n-t...Due to its ability to convert body heat into electricity,organic thermoelectric material is considered a promising and smart maintenance-free power source to charge wearable electronics.However,developing flexible n-type organic thermoelectric materials and wearable p/n junction thermoelectric devices remains challenging.In this work,two insulated polyamides(PA6 and PA66)that have been widely used as fiber materials are employed as novel dopants for converting p-type single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs)to n-type thermoelectric materials.Because of the electron transferability of the amide group,polyamide-doped SWCNTs exhibit excellent thermopower values as large as-56.0μV K^(-1) for PA66,and-54.5μV K^(-1) for PA6.Thermoelectric devices with five p/n junctions connected in series are fabricated.The testing device produces a thermoelectric voltage of 43.1 mV and generates 1.85μW thermoelectric power under temperature gradients of approximately 80 K.Furthermore,they display charming capability for temperature recognition and monitoring human activities as sensors.These promising results suggest that the flexible polyamide-doped SWCNT composites herein have high application potential as wearable thermoelectric electronics.展开更多
Recently,self-powered ultraviolet photodetectors(UV PDs)based on SnO_(2)have gained increasing interest due to its feature of working continuously without the need for external power sources.Nevertheless,the productio...Recently,self-powered ultraviolet photodetectors(UV PDs)based on SnO_(2)have gained increasing interest due to its feature of working continuously without the need for external power sources.Nevertheless,the production of the majority of these existing UV PDs necessitates additional manufacturing stages or intricate processes.In this work,we present a facile,cost-effective approach for the fabrication of a self-powered UV PD based on p-Si/n-SnO_(2)junction.The self-powered device was achieved simply by integrating a p-Si substrate with a n-type SnO_(2)microbelt,which was synthesized via the chemical vapor deposition(CVD)method.The high-quality feature,coupled with the belt-like shape of the SnO_(2)microbelt enables the favorable contact between the n-type SnO_(2)and p-type silicon.The built-in electric field created at the interface endows the self-powered performance of the device.The p-Si/n-SnO_(2)junction photodetector demonstrated a high responsivity(0.12 mA/W),high light/dark current ratio(>103),and rapid response speed at zero bias.This method offers a practical way to develop cost-effective and high-performance self-powered UV PDs.展开更多
Today,energy is essential for every aspect of human life,including clothing,food,housing and transportation.However,traditional energy resources are insufficient to meet our modern needs.Self-powered sensing devices e...Today,energy is essential for every aspect of human life,including clothing,food,housing and transportation.However,traditional energy resources are insufficient to meet our modern needs.Self-powered sensing devices emerge as promising alternatives,offering sustained operation without relying on external power sources.Leveraging advancements in materials and manufacturing research,these devices can autonomously harvest energy from various sources.In this review,we focus on the current landscape of self-powered wearable sensors,providing a concise overview of energy harvesting technologies,conversion mechanisms,structural or material innovations,and energy storage platforms.Then,we present experimental advances in different energy sources,showing their underlying mechanisms,and the potential for energy acquisition.Furthermore,we discuss the applications of self-powered flexible sensors in diverse fields such as medicine,sports,and food.Despite significant progress in this field,widespread commercialization will necessitate enhanced sensor detection abilities,improved design factors for adaptable devices,and a balance between sensitivity and standardization.展开更多
Polar semiconductors,particularly the emerging polar two-dimensional(2D)halide perovskites,have motivated immense interest in diverse photoelectronic devices due to their distinguishing polarizationgenerated photoelec...Polar semiconductors,particularly the emerging polar two-dimensional(2D)halide perovskites,have motivated immense interest in diverse photoelectronic devices due to their distinguishing polarizationgenerated photoelectric effects.However,the constraints on the organic cation's choice are still subject to limitations of polar 2D halide perovskites due to the size of the inorganic pocket between adjacent corner-sharing octahedra.Herein,a mixed spacer cation ordering strategy is employed to assemble a polar 2D halide perovskite NMAMAPb Br_(4)(NMPB,NMA is N-methylbenzene ammonium,MA is methylammonium)with alternating cation in the interlayer space.Driven by the incorporation of a second MA cation,the perovskite layer transformed from a 2D Pb_(7)Br_(24)anionic network with corner-and face-sharing octahedra to a flat 2D PbBr_(4)perovskite networks only with corner-sharing octahedra.In the crystal structure of NMPB,the asymmetric hydrogen-bonding interactions between ordered mixed-spacer cations and 2D perovskite layers give rise to a second harmonic generation response and a large polarization of 1.3μC/cm^(2).More intriguingly,the ordered 2D perovskite networks endow NMPB with excellent self-powered polarization-sensitive detection performance,showing a considerable polarization-related dichroism ratio up to 1.87.The reconstruction of an inorganic framework within a crystal through mixed cation ordering offers a new synthetic tool for templating perovskite lattices with controlled properties,overcoming limitations of conventional cation choice.展开更多
Low power consumption,high responsivity,and self-powering are key objectives for photoelectrochemical ultravio-let detectors.In this research,In-dopedα-Ga_(2)O_(3) nanowire arrays were fabricated on fluorine-doped ti...Low power consumption,high responsivity,and self-powering are key objectives for photoelectrochemical ultravio-let detectors.In this research,In-dopedα-Ga_(2)O_(3) nanowire arrays were fabricated on fluorine-doped tin oxide(FTO)substrates through a hydrothermal approach,with subsequent thermal annealing.These arrays were then used as photoanodes to con-struct a ultraviolet(UV)photodetector.In doping reduced the bandgap ofα-Ga_(2)O_(3),enhancing its absorption of UV light.Conse-quently,the In-dopedα-Ga_(2)O_(3) nanowire arrays exhibited excellent light detection performance.When irradiated by 255 nm deep ultraviolet light,they obtained a responsivity of 38.85 mA/W.Moreover,the detector's response and recovery times are 13 and 8 ms,respectively.The In-dopedα-Ga_(2)O_(3) nanowire arrays exhibit a responsivity that is about three-fold higher than the undoped one.Due to its superior responsivity,the In-doped device was used to develop a photoelectric imaging system.This study demonstrates that dopingα-Ga_(2)O_(3) nanowire with indium is a potent approach for optimizing their photoelectrochemi-cal performance,which also has significant potential for optoelectronic applications.展开更多
This study explores how the performance of triboelectric nanogenerators can be enhanced by incorporating Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles into nylon films using a spray coating technique.Five triboelectric nanogenerator prot...This study explores how the performance of triboelectric nanogenerators can be enhanced by incorporating Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles into nylon films using a spray coating technique.Five triboelectric nanogenerator prototypes were created:one with regular nylon and four with nylon/Fe_(3)O_(4) nanocomposites featuring varying nanoparticle densities.The electrical output,measured by open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current,showed significant improvements in the nanocomposite-based triboelectric nanogenerators compared to the nylon-only triboelectric nanogenerator.When a weak magnetic field was applied during nanocomposite preparation,the maximum voltage and current reached 56.3 V and 4.62μA,respectively.Further analysis revealed that the magnetic field during the drying process aligned the magnetic domains,boosting output efficiency.These findings demonstrate the potential of Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles to enhance electrostatic and magnetic interactions in triboelectric nanogenerators,leading to improved energy-harvesting performance.This approach presents a promising strategy for developing high-performance triboelectric nanogenerators for sustainable energy and sensor applications.展开更多
Quantitative determination of tetracycline(TC)in environment and foods is of great importance,as excessive residues might have negative effects on human health and environmental risks.Herein,a selfpowered molecularly ...Quantitative determination of tetracycline(TC)in environment and foods is of great importance,as excessive residues might have negative effects on human health and environmental risks.Herein,a selfpowered molecularly imprinted photoelectrochemical(PEC)sensor based on the Zn O/C photoanode and the Fe-doped CuBi_(2)O_(4)(CBFO)photocathode is developed for the sensitive detection of TC.The photocathodic current can be amplified by the efficient electron transfer caused by the Fermi energy level gap between the photoanode and photocathode.Furthermore,molecularly imprinted polymers(MIPs)at photocathode can selectivity identify the TC templates and thus improve the specificity.Under the optimal conditions,the sensor has a linear range of 10^(-2)-1.0×10^(5) nmol/L,and a limit of detection(LOD)of 0.007 nmol/L(S/N=3).More crucially,the milk sample detection is carried out using the as-prepared sensor,and the outcome is satisfactory.The research gives us a novel sensing platform for quick and accurate antibiotic(like TC)in environment and food monitoring.展开更多
3D-printed Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene-based interdigital micro-supercapacitors(MSCs)have great potential as energy supply devices in the field of microelectronics due to their short ion diffusion path,high conductivity,ex...3D-printed Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene-based interdigital micro-supercapacitors(MSCs)have great potential as energy supply devices in the field of microelectronics due to their short ion diffusion path,high conductivity,excellent pseudocapacitance,and fast charging capabilities.However,searching for eco-friendly aqueous Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene-based inks without additives and preventing severe restack of MXene nanosheets in high-concentration inks are significantly challenging.This study develops an additive-free,highly printable,viscosity adjustable,and environmentally friendly MXene/carbon nanotube(CNT)hybrid aqueous inks,in which the CNT can not only adjust the viscosity of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene inks but also widen the interlayer spacing of adjacent Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene nanosheets effectively.The optimized MXene/CNT composite inks are successfully adopted to construct various configurations of MSCs with remarkable shape fidelity and geometric accuracy,together with enhanced surface area accessibility for electrons and ions diffusion.As a result,the constructed interdigital symmetrical MSCs demonstrate outstanding areal capacitance(1249.3 mF cm^(-2)),superior energy density(111μWh cm^(-2) at 0.4mWcm^(-2)),and high power density(8mWcm^(-2) at 47.1μWh cm^(-2)).Furthermore,a self-powered modular system of solar cells integrated with MXene/CNT-MSCs and pressure sensors is successfully tailored,simultaneously achieving efficient solar energy collection and real-time human activities monitoring.This work offers insight into the understanding of the role of CNTs in MXene/CNT ink.Moreover,it provides a new approach for preparing environmentally friendly MXene-based inks for the 3D printing of high-performance MSCs,contributing to the development of miniaturized,flexible,and self-powered printable electronic microsystems.展开更多
Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)stand at the forefront of energy harvesting innovation,transforming mechanical energy into electrical power through triboelectrification and electrostatic induction.This groundbreaki...Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)stand at the forefront of energy harvesting innovation,transforming mechanical energy into electrical power through triboelectrification and electrostatic induction.This groundbreaking technology addresses the urgent need for sustainable and renewable energy solutions,opening new avenues for self-powered systems.Despite their potential,TENGs face challenges such as material optimization for enhanced triboelectric effects,scalability,and improving conversion efficiency under varied conditions.Durability and environmental stability also pose significant hurdles,necessitating further research towards more resilient systems.Nature inspired TENG designs offer promising solutions by emulating biological processes and structures,such as the energy mechanisms of plants and the textured surfaces of animal skins.This biomimetic approach has led to notable improvements in material properties,structural designs,and overall TENG performance,including enhanced energy conversion efficiency and environmental robustness.The exploration into bio-inspired TENGs has unlocked new possibilities in energy harvesting,self-powered sensing,and wearable electronics,emphasizing reduced energy consumption and increased efficiency through innovative design.This review encapsulates the challenges and advancements in nature inspired TENGs,highlighting the integration of biomimetic principles to overcome current limitations.By focusing on augmented electrical properties,biodegradability,and self-healing capabilities,nature inspired TENGs pave the way for more sustainable and versatile energy solutions.展开更多
Metal-halide perovskites are revolutionizing the world of X-ray detectors,due to the development of sensitive,fast,and cost-effective devices.Self-powered operation,ensuring portability and low power consumption,has a...Metal-halide perovskites are revolutionizing the world of X-ray detectors,due to the development of sensitive,fast,and cost-effective devices.Self-powered operation,ensuring portability and low power consumption,has also been recently demonstrated in both bulk materials and thin films.However,the signal stability and repeatability under continuous X-ray exposure has only been tested up to a few hours,often reporting degradation of the detection performance.Here it is shown that self-powered direct X-ray detectors,fabricated starting from a FAPbBr_(3)submicrometer-thick film deposition onto a mesoporous TiO_(2)scaffold,can withstand a 26-day uninterrupted X-ray exposure with negligible signal loss,demonstrating ultra-high operational stability and excellent repeatability.No structural modification is observed after irradiation with a total ionizing dose of almost 200 Gy,revealing an unexpectedly high radiation hardness for a metal-halide perovskite thin film.In addition,trap-assisted photoconductive gain enabled the device to achieve a record bulk sensitivity of 7.28 C Gy^(−1)cm^(−3)at 0 V,an unprecedented value in the field of thin-film-based photoconductors and photodiodes for“hard”X-rays.Finally,prototypal validation under the X-ray beam produced by a medical linear accelerator for cancer treatment is also introduced.展开更多
An efficient room-temperature self-powered,broadband(300 nm–1100 nm)photodetector based on a CuO–TiO_(2)/TiO_(2)/p-Si(100)heterostructure is demonstrated.The CuO–TiO_(2)nanocomposites were grown in a two-zone horiz...An efficient room-temperature self-powered,broadband(300 nm–1100 nm)photodetector based on a CuO–TiO_(2)/TiO_(2)/p-Si(100)heterostructure is demonstrated.The CuO–TiO_(2)nanocomposites were grown in a two-zone horizontal tube furnace on a 40 nm TiO_(2)thin film deposited on a p-type Si(100)substrate.The CuO–TiO_(2)/TiO_(2)/p-Si(100)devices exhibited excellent rectification characteristics under dark and individual photoillumination conditions.The devices showed remarkable photo-response under broadband(300–1100 nm)light illumination at zero bias voltage,indicating the achievement of highly sensitive self-powered photodetectors at visible and near-infrared light illuminations.The maximum response of the devices is observed at 300 nm for an illumination power of 10 W.The response and recovery times were calculated as 86 ms and 78 ms,respectively.Moreover,under a small bias,the devices showed a prompt binary response by altering the current from positive to negative under illumination conditions.The main reason behind this binary response is the low turn-on voltage and photovoltaic characteristics of the devices.Under illumination conditions,the generation of photocurrent is due to the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs within the built-in electric field at the CuO–TiO_(2)/TiO_(2)interface.These characteristics make the CuO–TiO_(2)/TiO_(2)broadband photodetectors suitable for applications that require high response speeds and self-sufficient functionality.展开更多
Zero-dimensional colloidal nanocrystals(NCs)of gamma-phased gallium oxide(γ-Ga_(2)O_(3))were success-fully synthesized using the sol-gel method,resulting in nanocrystals with high crystallinity.Heterojunc-tion photod...Zero-dimensional colloidal nanocrystals(NCs)of gamma-phased gallium oxide(γ-Ga_(2)O_(3))were success-fully synthesized using the sol-gel method,resulting in nanocrystals with high crystallinity.Heterojunc-tion photodetectors were then constructed by employing spin-coating technology to depositγ-Ga_(2)O_(3)NCs film of varying thicknesses onto p-type GaN substrates.The resulting devices demonstrated self-power capability through a photovoltaic effect when exposed to ultraviolet light illumination.Notably,a device with a 300 nm thick active layer,annealed in 400℃,exhibited a responsivity of 6.7×10^(-3) A W^(-),a detectivity of 3.10×10^(11) Jones,and an external quantum efficiency of 3.2%under 254 nm light illumination at 0.16 mW cm^(-2),all without the need for an external power supply.These findings suggest promising practical applications for such photodetectors in single-point imaging systems.This study presents a straightforward and viable approach for developing high-performance and self-powered ultraviolet photodetectors based on zero-dimensionalγ-Ga_(2)O_(3)NCs,thereby opening up possibilities for various photonic systems and applications that do not rely on an external power supply.展开更多
High-speed solar-blind short wavelength ultraviolet radiation detectors based onκ(ε)-Ga_(2)O_(3)layers with Pt contacts were demonstrated and their properties were studied in detail.Theκ(ε)-Ga_(2)O_(3)layers were ...High-speed solar-blind short wavelength ultraviolet radiation detectors based onκ(ε)-Ga_(2)O_(3)layers with Pt contacts were demonstrated and their properties were studied in detail.Theκ(ε)-Ga_(2)O_(3)layers were deposited by the halide vapor phase epitaxy on patterned GaN templates with sapphire substrates.The spectral dependencies of the photoelectric properties of struc-tures were analyzed in the wavelength interval 200-370 nm.The maximum photo to dark current ratio,responsivity,detectiv-ity and external quantum efficiency of structures were determined as:180.86 arb.un.,3.57 A/W,1.78×10^(12) Hz^(0.5)∙cm·W^(-1) and 2193.6%,respectively,at a wavelength of 200 nm and an applied voltage of 1 V.The enhancement of the photoresponse was caused by the decrease in the Schottky barrier at the Pt/κ(ε)-Ga_(2)O_(3)interface under ultraviolet exposure.The detectors demon-strated could functionalize in self-powered mode due to built-in electric field at the Pt/κ(ε)-Ga_(2)O_(3)interface.The responsivity and external quantum efficiency of the structures at a wavelength of 254 nm and zero applied voltage were 0.9 mA/W and 0.46%,respectively.The rise and decay times in self-powered mode did not exceed 100 ms.展开更多
Real-time onboard health monitoring systems are critical for the railway industry to maintain high service quality and operational safety.However,the issue with power supplies for monitoring sensors persists,especiall...Real-time onboard health monitoring systems are critical for the railway industry to maintain high service quality and operational safety.However,the issue with power supplies for monitoring sensors persists,especially for freight trains that lack onboard power.Here,we propose a hybrid piezoelectric-triboelectric rotary generator(HPT-RG)for energy harvesting and vehicle speed sensing.The HPT-RG incorporates a rotational self-adaptive technique that softens the equivalent stiffness,enabling the piezoelectric non-resonant beam to surpass resonance limitations in a low-frequency region.The experiments demonstrate the feasibility of using the HPT-RG as an energy harvesting module to collect the rotational energy of the freight rail transport and power the wireless temperature sensors.To allow multiple monitoring in confined spaces on trains,a triboelectric sensing module is added to the HPT-RG to sense the operation speed and mileage of vehicles.Furthermore,the generator exhibits favorable mechanical durability under more than 600 h of official testing on the train bogie axle.The proposed HPT-RG is essential for creating a truly self-powered,maintenance-free,and zero-carbon onboard wireless monitoring system on freight railways.展开更多
基金supported by the Research Platform for biomedical and Health Technology, NUS (Suzhou) Research Institute (RP-BHT-Prof. LEE Chengkuo)RIE Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering (AME) Programmatic Grant (Grant A18A4b0055)+1 种基金RIE 2025-Industry Alignment Fund – Industry Collaboration Projects (IAF-ICP) (Grant I2301E0027)Reimagine Research Scheme projects, National University of Singapore, A-0009037-03-00 and A-0009454-01-00 and Reimagine Research Scheme projects, National University of Singapore, A-0004772-00-00 and A-0004772-01-00。
文摘Smart farming with outdoor monitoring systems is critical to address food shortages and sustainability challenges.These systems facilitate informed decisions that enhance efficiency in broader environmental management.Existing outdoor systems equipped with energy harvesters and self-powered sensors often struggle with fluctuating energy sources,low durability under harsh conditions,non-transparent or non-biocompatible materials,and complex structures.Herein,a multifunctional hydrogel is developed,which can fulfill all the above requirements and build selfsustainable outdoor monitoring systems solely by it.It can serve as a stable energy harvester that continuously generates direct current output with an average power density of 1.9 W m^(-3)for nearly 60 days of operation in normal environments(24℃,60%RH),with an energy density of around 1.36×10^(7)J m^(-3).It also shows good self-recoverability in severe environments(45℃,30%RH)in nearly 40 days of continuous operation.Moreover,this hydrogel enables noninvasive and self-powered monitoring of leaf relative water content,providing critical data on evaluating plant health,previously obtainable only through invasive or high-power consumption methods.Its potential extends to acting as other self-powered environmental sensors.This multifunctional hydrogel enables self-sustainable outdoor systems with scalable and low-cost production,paving the way for future agriculture.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52192610 and 52192613)the National Key R&D Project from the Minister of Science and Technology(No.2021YFA1201601)the CAS-TWAS President’s Fellow-ship(A.B).
文摘β-Ga_(2)O_(3),as one of the important 4th generation semiconductors,is widely used in solar-blind ultraviolet(UV)detectors with a short detection range of 200-280 nm benefiting from its ultra-wide bandgap,strong radiation resistance,and excellent chemical and thermal stabilities.Here,a self-powered photodetector(PD)based on an Ag/β-Ga_(2)O_(3) Schottky heterojunction was designed and fabricated.Through a subtle design of electrodes,the pyro-phototronic effect was discovered,which can be coupled to the common photovoltaic effect and further enhance the performance of the PD.Compared to traditional Ga_(2)O_(3)-based PD,the as-used PD exhibited a self-driving property and a broadband response beyond the bandgap lim-itations,ranging from 200 nm(deep UV)to 980 nm(infrared).Moreover,the photoresponse time was greatly shrunk owing to the coupling effect.Under laser irradiation,with a wavelength of 450 nm and a power density of 8 mW cm-2,the photocurrent could be improved by around 41 times compared with the sole photovoltaic effect.Besides,the performances of the Schottky PD were enhanced at both high and low temperatures.The device also possessed long-term working stability.This paper not only re-veals basic physics lying in the 4th generation semiconductor Ga_(2)O_(3) but also sheds light on the multi-encryption transmission of light information using this PD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 62204079)the Science and Technology Development Project of Henan Province (Nos.202300410048, 202300410057)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2022M711037)the Intelligence Introduction Plan of Henan Province in 2021 (No. CXJD2021008)Henan University Fund。
文摘Quantum dot(QD)-based infrared photodetector is a promising technology that can implement current monitoring,imaging and optical communication in the infrared region. However, the photodetection performance of self-powered QD devices is still limited by their unfavorable charge carrier dynamics due to their intrinsically discrete charge carrier transport process. Herein, we strategically constructed semiconducting matrix in QD film to achieve efficient charge transfer and extraction.The p-type semiconducting CuSCN was selected as energy-aligned matrix to match the n-type colloidal PbS QDs that was used as proof-of-concept. Note that the PbS QD/CuSCN matrix not only enables efficient charge carrier separation and transfer at nano-interfaces but also provides continuous charge carrier transport pathways that are different from the hoping process in neat QD film, resulting in improved charge mobility and derived collection efficiency. As a result, the target structure delivers high specific detectivity of 4.38 × 10^(12)Jones and responsivity of 782 mA/W at 808 nm, which is superior than that of the PbS QD-only photodetector(4.66 × 10^(11)Jones and 338 mA/W). This work provides a new structure candidate for efficient colloidal QD based optoelectronic devices.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22435005,22193042,21921001,22305105,52202194,22201284)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(No.20224BAB213003)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2023J05076)Jiangxi Provincial Education Department Science and Technology Research Foundation(No.GJJ2200384)。
文摘Two-dimensional perovskite ferroelectric which strongly couple ferroelectricity with semiconducting properties are promising candidates for optoelectronic applications.However,it is still a great challenge to fabricate self-powered broadband photodetectors with low detection limit.Herein,we successfully realized self-powered broadband photodetection with low detection limit by using a trilayered perovskite ferroelectric(BA)_(2)EA_(2)Pb_(3)I_(10)(1,BA=n-butylamine,EA=ethylamine).Giving to its large spontaneous polarization(5.6μC/cm^(2)),1 exhibits an open-circuit voltage of 0.25 V which provide driving force to separate carriers.Combining with its low dark current(~10^(-14)A)and narrow bandgap(Eg=1.86 e V),1 demonstrates great potential on detecting the broadband weak lights.Thus,a prominent photodetection performance with high open-off ratio(~10^(5)),outstanding responsivity(>10 m A/W),and promising detectivity(>1011Jones),as well as the low detecting limit(~nW/cm^(2))among the wide wavelength from 377 nm to637 nm was realized based on the single crystal of 1.This work demonstrates the great potential of 2D perovskite ferroelectric on self-powered broadband photodetectors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12172248,12302022,12021002,and 12132010)the Tianjin Research Program of Application Foundation and Advanced Technology of China(No.23JCZDJC00950)。
文摘Belt conveyors are extensively utilized in mining and power industries.In a typical coal mine conveyor system,coal is transported over distances exceeding 2 km,involving more than 20000 idlers,which far exceeds a reasonable manual inspection capacity.Given that idlers typically have a lifespan of 1-2 years,there is an urgent need for a rapid,cost-effective,and intelligent safety monitoring system.However,current embedded systems face prohibitive replacement costs,while conventional monitoring technologies suffer from inefficiency at low rotational speeds and lack systematic structural optimization frameworks for diverse idler types and parameters.To address these challenges,this paper introduces an integrated,on-site detachable self-powered idler condition monitoring system(ICMS).This system combines energy harvesting based on the magnetic modulation technology with wireless condition monitoring capabilities.Specifically,it develops a data-driven model integrating convolutional neural networks(CNNs) with genetic algorithms(GAs).The conventional testing results show that the data-driven model not only significantly accelerates the parameter response time,but also achieves a prediction accuracy of 92.95%.The in-situ experiments conducted in coal mines demonstrate the system's reliability and monitoring functionality under both no-load and fullload conditions.This research provides an innovative self-powered condition monitoring solution and develops an efficient data-driven model,offering feasible online monitoring approaches for smart mine construction.
基金supported by the government of the Republic of Korea(MSIT)and the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea(2022R1A2C1003900,2023K2A9A 1A01098512(FY2023)).
文摘TriboElectric NanoGenerators(TENGs),introduced in 2012 by Wang et al.,have revolutionized the way we harvest energy,converting mechanical energy into electrical power with remarkable efficiency.Since their inception,TENGs have unlocked innumerable applications,driving a surge in innovative research and development.This study utilizes the Scopus database to conduct a bibliographic analysis,highlighting the diverse applications,influential authors,and citation patterns that define the TENG landscape.Through the use of MATLAB and VOSviewer,we provide a visually compelling analysis that not only shows the integration of artificial intelligence in scientific literature but also explores the challenges and future potential of TENG technology.The document concludes by discussing TENGs challenges and the promising paths for their future applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project no.51973120)the Natural Science Foun-dation of Guangdong Province(No.2019A1515010613)+1 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Research Grant(Nos.JCYJ20170818093417096 and JCYJ20180305125649693)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.20220809111527001).
文摘Due to its ability to convert body heat into electricity,organic thermoelectric material is considered a promising and smart maintenance-free power source to charge wearable electronics.However,developing flexible n-type organic thermoelectric materials and wearable p/n junction thermoelectric devices remains challenging.In this work,two insulated polyamides(PA6 and PA66)that have been widely used as fiber materials are employed as novel dopants for converting p-type single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs)to n-type thermoelectric materials.Because of the electron transferability of the amide group,polyamide-doped SWCNTs exhibit excellent thermopower values as large as-56.0μV K^(-1) for PA66,and-54.5μV K^(-1) for PA6.Thermoelectric devices with five p/n junctions connected in series are fabricated.The testing device produces a thermoelectric voltage of 43.1 mV and generates 1.85μW thermoelectric power under temperature gradients of approximately 80 K.Furthermore,they display charming capability for temperature recognition and monitoring human activities as sensors.These promising results suggest that the flexible polyamide-doped SWCNT composites herein have high application potential as wearable thermoelectric electronics.
基金support for this research was provided by the High-Level Scientific Research Cultivation Project at Hubei Minzu University,with the grant identifier PY22001the Guiding Projects from the Department of Education in Hubei Province,identified by the grant number B2018088.
文摘Recently,self-powered ultraviolet photodetectors(UV PDs)based on SnO_(2)have gained increasing interest due to its feature of working continuously without the need for external power sources.Nevertheless,the production of the majority of these existing UV PDs necessitates additional manufacturing stages or intricate processes.In this work,we present a facile,cost-effective approach for the fabrication of a self-powered UV PD based on p-Si/n-SnO_(2)junction.The self-powered device was achieved simply by integrating a p-Si substrate with a n-type SnO_(2)microbelt,which was synthesized via the chemical vapor deposition(CVD)method.The high-quality feature,coupled with the belt-like shape of the SnO_(2)microbelt enables the favorable contact between the n-type SnO_(2)and p-type silicon.The built-in electric field created at the interface endows the self-powered performance of the device.The p-Si/n-SnO_(2)junction photodetector demonstrated a high responsivity(0.12 mA/W),high light/dark current ratio(>103),and rapid response speed at zero bias.This method offers a practical way to develop cost-effective and high-performance self-powered UV PDs.
基金supported by the Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Tumour Energy Therapy Technology and Equipment。
文摘Today,energy is essential for every aspect of human life,including clothing,food,housing and transportation.However,traditional energy resources are insufficient to meet our modern needs.Self-powered sensing devices emerge as promising alternatives,offering sustained operation without relying on external power sources.Leveraging advancements in materials and manufacturing research,these devices can autonomously harvest energy from various sources.In this review,we focus on the current landscape of self-powered wearable sensors,providing a concise overview of energy harvesting technologies,conversion mechanisms,structural or material innovations,and energy storage platforms.Then,we present experimental advances in different energy sources,showing their underlying mechanisms,and the potential for energy acquisition.Furthermore,we discuss the applications of self-powered flexible sensors in diverse fields such as medicine,sports,and food.Despite significant progress in this field,widespread commercialization will necessitate enhanced sensor detection abilities,improved design factors for adaptable devices,and a balance between sensitivity and standardization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22193042,22125110,22075285,52473283,21921001,U21A2069)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.ZDBS-LY-SLH024)the Youth Innovation Promotion of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2020307)。
文摘Polar semiconductors,particularly the emerging polar two-dimensional(2D)halide perovskites,have motivated immense interest in diverse photoelectronic devices due to their distinguishing polarizationgenerated photoelectric effects.However,the constraints on the organic cation's choice are still subject to limitations of polar 2D halide perovskites due to the size of the inorganic pocket between adjacent corner-sharing octahedra.Herein,a mixed spacer cation ordering strategy is employed to assemble a polar 2D halide perovskite NMAMAPb Br_(4)(NMPB,NMA is N-methylbenzene ammonium,MA is methylammonium)with alternating cation in the interlayer space.Driven by the incorporation of a second MA cation,the perovskite layer transformed from a 2D Pb_(7)Br_(24)anionic network with corner-and face-sharing octahedra to a flat 2D PbBr_(4)perovskite networks only with corner-sharing octahedra.In the crystal structure of NMPB,the asymmetric hydrogen-bonding interactions between ordered mixed-spacer cations and 2D perovskite layers give rise to a second harmonic generation response and a large polarization of 1.3μC/cm^(2).More intriguingly,the ordered 2D perovskite networks endow NMPB with excellent self-powered polarization-sensitive detection performance,showing a considerable polarization-related dichroism ratio up to 1.87.The reconstruction of an inorganic framework within a crystal through mixed cation ordering offers a new synthetic tool for templating perovskite lattices with controlled properties,overcoming limitations of conventional cation choice.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB3610500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62104110,62374094)+1 种基金the Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023T160332)Natural Science Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(NY224084,NY224131).
文摘Low power consumption,high responsivity,and self-powering are key objectives for photoelectrochemical ultravio-let detectors.In this research,In-dopedα-Ga_(2)O_(3) nanowire arrays were fabricated on fluorine-doped tin oxide(FTO)substrates through a hydrothermal approach,with subsequent thermal annealing.These arrays were then used as photoanodes to con-struct a ultraviolet(UV)photodetector.In doping reduced the bandgap ofα-Ga_(2)O_(3),enhancing its absorption of UV light.Conse-quently,the In-dopedα-Ga_(2)O_(3) nanowire arrays exhibited excellent light detection performance.When irradiated by 255 nm deep ultraviolet light,they obtained a responsivity of 38.85 mA/W.Moreover,the detector's response and recovery times are 13 and 8 ms,respectively.The In-dopedα-Ga_(2)O_(3) nanowire arrays exhibit a responsivity that is about three-fold higher than the undoped one.Due to its superior responsivity,the In-doped device was used to develop a photoelectric imaging system.This study demonstrates that dopingα-Ga_(2)O_(3) nanowire with indium is a potent approach for optimizing their photoelectrochemi-cal performance,which also has significant potential for optoelectronic applications.
文摘This study explores how the performance of triboelectric nanogenerators can be enhanced by incorporating Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles into nylon films using a spray coating technique.Five triboelectric nanogenerator prototypes were created:one with regular nylon and four with nylon/Fe_(3)O_(4) nanocomposites featuring varying nanoparticle densities.The electrical output,measured by open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current,showed significant improvements in the nanocomposite-based triboelectric nanogenerators compared to the nylon-only triboelectric nanogenerator.When a weak magnetic field was applied during nanocomposite preparation,the maximum voltage and current reached 56.3 V and 4.62μA,respectively.Further analysis revealed that the magnetic field during the drying process aligned the magnetic domains,boosting output efficiency.These findings demonstrate the potential of Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles to enhance electrostatic and magnetic interactions in triboelectric nanogenerators,leading to improved energy-harvesting performance.This approach presents a promising strategy for developing high-performance triboelectric nanogenerators for sustainable energy and sensor applications.
基金supported by the Fuxiaquan Collaborative Innovation Platform(No.K30001)Major Scientific Research Program for Young and Middle-aged Health Professionals of Fujian Province,China(No.2022ZQNZD007)Youth Innovation Technology Project of Higher School in Shandong Province(Food Nanotechnology Innovation Team)。
文摘Quantitative determination of tetracycline(TC)in environment and foods is of great importance,as excessive residues might have negative effects on human health and environmental risks.Herein,a selfpowered molecularly imprinted photoelectrochemical(PEC)sensor based on the Zn O/C photoanode and the Fe-doped CuBi_(2)O_(4)(CBFO)photocathode is developed for the sensitive detection of TC.The photocathodic current can be amplified by the efficient electron transfer caused by the Fermi energy level gap between the photoanode and photocathode.Furthermore,molecularly imprinted polymers(MIPs)at photocathode can selectivity identify the TC templates and thus improve the specificity.Under the optimal conditions,the sensor has a linear range of 10^(-2)-1.0×10^(5) nmol/L,and a limit of detection(LOD)of 0.007 nmol/L(S/N=3).More crucially,the milk sample detection is carried out using the as-prepared sensor,and the outcome is satisfactory.The research gives us a novel sensing platform for quick and accurate antibiotic(like TC)in environment and food monitoring.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52174247,52477213,52401244 and 22302066)Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2022RC1088)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ40255)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LQ24B020005)Scientific Research Foundation of Hunan Provincial Education Department(22B0599 and 23A0442).
文摘3D-printed Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene-based interdigital micro-supercapacitors(MSCs)have great potential as energy supply devices in the field of microelectronics due to their short ion diffusion path,high conductivity,excellent pseudocapacitance,and fast charging capabilities.However,searching for eco-friendly aqueous Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene-based inks without additives and preventing severe restack of MXene nanosheets in high-concentration inks are significantly challenging.This study develops an additive-free,highly printable,viscosity adjustable,and environmentally friendly MXene/carbon nanotube(CNT)hybrid aqueous inks,in which the CNT can not only adjust the viscosity of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene inks but also widen the interlayer spacing of adjacent Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene nanosheets effectively.The optimized MXene/CNT composite inks are successfully adopted to construct various configurations of MSCs with remarkable shape fidelity and geometric accuracy,together with enhanced surface area accessibility for electrons and ions diffusion.As a result,the constructed interdigital symmetrical MSCs demonstrate outstanding areal capacitance(1249.3 mF cm^(-2)),superior energy density(111μWh cm^(-2) at 0.4mWcm^(-2)),and high power density(8mWcm^(-2) at 47.1μWh cm^(-2)).Furthermore,a self-powered modular system of solar cells integrated with MXene/CNT-MSCs and pressure sensors is successfully tailored,simultaneously achieving efficient solar energy collection and real-time human activities monitoring.This work offers insight into the understanding of the role of CNTs in MXene/CNT ink.Moreover,it provides a new approach for preparing environmentally friendly MXene-based inks for the 3D printing of high-performance MSCs,contributing to the development of miniaturized,flexible,and self-powered printable electronic microsystems.
基金Programs for Tackling Key Problems in Science and Technology of Henan Province(No.242102110344)Henan Province Science and Technology Research and Development Program Joint Fund Advantageous Discipline Cultivation Project(No.232301420033)。
文摘Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)stand at the forefront of energy harvesting innovation,transforming mechanical energy into electrical power through triboelectrification and electrostatic induction.This groundbreaking technology addresses the urgent need for sustainable and renewable energy solutions,opening new avenues for self-powered systems.Despite their potential,TENGs face challenges such as material optimization for enhanced triboelectric effects,scalability,and improving conversion efficiency under varied conditions.Durability and environmental stability also pose significant hurdles,necessitating further research towards more resilient systems.Nature inspired TENG designs offer promising solutions by emulating biological processes and structures,such as the energy mechanisms of plants and the textured surfaces of animal skins.This biomimetic approach has led to notable improvements in material properties,structural designs,and overall TENG performance,including enhanced energy conversion efficiency and environmental robustness.The exploration into bio-inspired TENGs has unlocked new possibilities in energy harvesting,self-powered sensing,and wearable electronics,emphasizing reduced energy consumption and increased efficiency through innovative design.This review encapsulates the challenges and advancements in nature inspired TENGs,highlighting the integration of biomimetic principles to overcome current limitations.By focusing on augmented electrical properties,biodegradability,and self-healing capabilities,nature inspired TENGs pave the way for more sustainable and versatile energy solutions.
基金supported by the project“PARIDE”(Perovskite Advanced Radiotherapy&Imaging Detectors),funded under the Regional Research and Innovation Programme POR-FESR Lazio 2014-2020(project number:A0375-2020-36698).
文摘Metal-halide perovskites are revolutionizing the world of X-ray detectors,due to the development of sensitive,fast,and cost-effective devices.Self-powered operation,ensuring portability and low power consumption,has also been recently demonstrated in both bulk materials and thin films.However,the signal stability and repeatability under continuous X-ray exposure has only been tested up to a few hours,often reporting degradation of the detection performance.Here it is shown that self-powered direct X-ray detectors,fabricated starting from a FAPbBr_(3)submicrometer-thick film deposition onto a mesoporous TiO_(2)scaffold,can withstand a 26-day uninterrupted X-ray exposure with negligible signal loss,demonstrating ultra-high operational stability and excellent repeatability.No structural modification is observed after irradiation with a total ionizing dose of almost 200 Gy,revealing an unexpectedly high radiation hardness for a metal-halide perovskite thin film.In addition,trap-assisted photoconductive gain enabled the device to achieve a record bulk sensitivity of 7.28 C Gy^(−1)cm^(−3)at 0 V,an unprecedented value in the field of thin-film-based photoconductors and photodiodes for“hard”X-rays.Finally,prototypal validation under the X-ray beam produced by a medical linear accelerator for cancer treatment is also introduced.
基金CSIR-09/0973(11599)/2021-EMR-I and SERB(Project no:CRG/2021/000255),Department of Science and Technology,Govt.of India。
文摘An efficient room-temperature self-powered,broadband(300 nm–1100 nm)photodetector based on a CuO–TiO_(2)/TiO_(2)/p-Si(100)heterostructure is demonstrated.The CuO–TiO_(2)nanocomposites were grown in a two-zone horizontal tube furnace on a 40 nm TiO_(2)thin film deposited on a p-type Si(100)substrate.The CuO–TiO_(2)/TiO_(2)/p-Si(100)devices exhibited excellent rectification characteristics under dark and individual photoillumination conditions.The devices showed remarkable photo-response under broadband(300–1100 nm)light illumination at zero bias voltage,indicating the achievement of highly sensitive self-powered photodetectors at visible and near-infrared light illuminations.The maximum response of the devices is observed at 300 nm for an illumination power of 10 W.The response and recovery times were calculated as 86 ms and 78 ms,respectively.Moreover,under a small bias,the devices showed a prompt binary response by altering the current from positive to negative under illumination conditions.The main reason behind this binary response is the low turn-on voltage and photovoltaic characteristics of the devices.Under illumination conditions,the generation of photocurrent is due to the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs within the built-in electric field at the CuO–TiO_(2)/TiO_(2)interface.These characteristics make the CuO–TiO_(2)/TiO_(2)broadband photodetectors suitable for applications that require high response speeds and self-sufficient functionality.
基金supported by the Bureau of Science and Technology of Zhoushan(Grant Nos.2023C41016 and 2021C21001)the Fundamental Research Funds for Zhejiang Provincial Universities and Research Institutes(Grant No.2021J009)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12174350)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan(Grant No.222300420530).
文摘Zero-dimensional colloidal nanocrystals(NCs)of gamma-phased gallium oxide(γ-Ga_(2)O_(3))were success-fully synthesized using the sol-gel method,resulting in nanocrystals with high crystallinity.Heterojunc-tion photodetectors were then constructed by employing spin-coating technology to depositγ-Ga_(2)O_(3)NCs film of varying thicknesses onto p-type GaN substrates.The resulting devices demonstrated self-power capability through a photovoltaic effect when exposed to ultraviolet light illumination.Notably,a device with a 300 nm thick active layer,annealed in 400℃,exhibited a responsivity of 6.7×10^(-3) A W^(-),a detectivity of 3.10×10^(11) Jones,and an external quantum efficiency of 3.2%under 254 nm light illumination at 0.16 mW cm^(-2),all without the need for an external power supply.These findings suggest promising practical applications for such photodetectors in single-point imaging systems.This study presents a straightforward and viable approach for developing high-performance and self-powered ultraviolet photodetectors based on zero-dimensionalγ-Ga_(2)O_(3)NCs,thereby opening up possibilities for various photonic systems and applications that do not rely on an external power supply.
基金Research of the photoelectric properties of theκ(ε)-Ga_(2)O_(3)films was supported by the Russian Science Foundation,grant number 20-79-10043-P.Fabrication of the ultraviolet detectors based on theκ(ε)-Ga_(2)O_(3)layers was supported by the grant under the Decree of the Government of the Rus-sian Federation No.220 of 09 April 2010(Agreement No.075-15-2022-1132 of 01 July 2022)Research of the structural prop-erties of theκ(ε)-Ga_(2)O_(3)was supported by the St.Petersburg State University,grant number 94034685.
文摘High-speed solar-blind short wavelength ultraviolet radiation detectors based onκ(ε)-Ga_(2)O_(3)layers with Pt contacts were demonstrated and their properties were studied in detail.Theκ(ε)-Ga_(2)O_(3)layers were deposited by the halide vapor phase epitaxy on patterned GaN templates with sapphire substrates.The spectral dependencies of the photoelectric properties of struc-tures were analyzed in the wavelength interval 200-370 nm.The maximum photo to dark current ratio,responsivity,detectiv-ity and external quantum efficiency of structures were determined as:180.86 arb.un.,3.57 A/W,1.78×10^(12) Hz^(0.5)∙cm·W^(-1) and 2193.6%,respectively,at a wavelength of 200 nm and an applied voltage of 1 V.The enhancement of the photoresponse was caused by the decrease in the Schottky barrier at the Pt/κ(ε)-Ga_(2)O_(3)interface under ultraviolet exposure.The detectors demon-strated could functionalize in self-powered mode due to built-in electric field at the Pt/κ(ε)-Ga_(2)O_(3)interface.The responsivity and external quantum efficiency of the structures at a wavelength of 254 nm and zero applied voltage were 0.9 mA/W and 0.46%,respectively.The rise and decay times in self-powered mode did not exceed 100 ms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12302022,12172248,12021002,and 12132010)Tianjin Research Program of Application Foundation and Advanced Technology(Grant No.22JCQNJC00780)+1 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and System Safety of Traffic Engineering Structures(Grant No.KF2024-09)the IoT Standards and Application Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(Grant No.202306).
文摘Real-time onboard health monitoring systems are critical for the railway industry to maintain high service quality and operational safety.However,the issue with power supplies for monitoring sensors persists,especially for freight trains that lack onboard power.Here,we propose a hybrid piezoelectric-triboelectric rotary generator(HPT-RG)for energy harvesting and vehicle speed sensing.The HPT-RG incorporates a rotational self-adaptive technique that softens the equivalent stiffness,enabling the piezoelectric non-resonant beam to surpass resonance limitations in a low-frequency region.The experiments demonstrate the feasibility of using the HPT-RG as an energy harvesting module to collect the rotational energy of the freight rail transport and power the wireless temperature sensors.To allow multiple monitoring in confined spaces on trains,a triboelectric sensing module is added to the HPT-RG to sense the operation speed and mileage of vehicles.Furthermore,the generator exhibits favorable mechanical durability under more than 600 h of official testing on the train bogie axle.The proposed HPT-RG is essential for creating a truly self-powered,maintenance-free,and zero-carbon onboard wireless monitoring system on freight railways.
