Self-build housing projects (SBHPs) among middle and high income developers are faced with many challenges that cause delay in the delivery time of the house(s). The focus of this paper is to analyse the factors that ...Self-build housing projects (SBHPs) among middle and high income developers are faced with many challenges that cause delay in the delivery time of the house(s). The focus of this paper is to analyse the factors that cause delay in SBHPs in order to identify the critical delay factors. Review of literature and expert input revealed 20 variables which were used in a structured questionnaire for data collection from owners, consultants and builders in Wa Municipality. Reliability test, t-test analysis and mean ranking were used in the data analysis. The results revealed that “Delay in obtaining permit from Local Authorities” was the first delay factor followed by “Poor site management and supervision”. The delay factor ranked least was “Inadequate cost estimation and related details” from consultants. The paper recommends that Government agencies that regulate physical development should intensify public education, particularly on responsibilities and obligations, especially among self-builders. The paper recommends further study into labour-related issues as well as communication and information management among participants and its impact on self-build project success.展开更多
This paper focuses on the phenomenon of residents’self-build structures in the old city of Hanyin County since the 1980 s,and draws the following conclusions:firstly,regarding the local policies formed in the process...This paper focuses on the phenomenon of residents’self-build structures in the old city of Hanyin County since the 1980 s,and draws the following conclusions:firstly,regarding the local policies formed in the process of local practice beyond planning,i.e.,"neighbors’consent,""cooperative building,"and"building setback at no charge;"secondly,that the legal interpretation of neighboring relations is the legal basis for the rationalization of the policy beyond planning;thirdly,the local government’s selective use of planning tools and its cooperation with residents reflects the local wisdom,which helps to promote urban renewal at a lower cost.展开更多
The Fourth Plenary Session of the 17th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) closed in Beijing on September 18, with pledges to expand intra-Party democracy and resolutely fight corruption. A total o...The Fourth Plenary Session of the 17th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) closed in Beijing on September 18, with pledges to expand intra-Party democracy and resolutely fight corruption. A total of 194 full members and 163 alternate members of the committee, the Party’s top decision-making body, attended the four-day plenum, which was presided over by its Political Bureau. Hu Jintao, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, delivered a work report at the meeting.展开更多
设计了一种结合边缘增强的全局自注意力深度学习网络(global self−attention network with edge−enhancement,E−GSANet),用于遥感影像建筑物提取,在编码主干构建并融入边缘增强模块,为网络赋予边界先验知识信息;通过全局自注意力特征表...设计了一种结合边缘增强的全局自注意力深度学习网络(global self−attention network with edge−enhancement,E−GSANet),用于遥感影像建筑物提取,在编码主干构建并融入边缘增强模块,为网络赋予边界先验知识信息;通过全局自注意力特征表达模块构建影像的长距离依赖关系,实现显著特征与边缘增强特征的表达融合;使用逐级上采样解码模块,将空间细节信息丰富的浅层特征与具有高阶语义信息的深层特征相融合,得到建筑物的精确提取结果。基于2个开源的遥感建筑物数据集,将E−GSANet与当前主流方法进行对比,定量和定性分析表明,E−GSANet在各项指标中都取得了最优的结果,提取出的建筑物更为完整,边缘更加精确,精度更高。此外,网络结构的消融实验分析证明了各模块的有效性。展开更多
文摘Self-build housing projects (SBHPs) among middle and high income developers are faced with many challenges that cause delay in the delivery time of the house(s). The focus of this paper is to analyse the factors that cause delay in SBHPs in order to identify the critical delay factors. Review of literature and expert input revealed 20 variables which were used in a structured questionnaire for data collection from owners, consultants and builders in Wa Municipality. Reliability test, t-test analysis and mean ranking were used in the data analysis. The results revealed that “Delay in obtaining permit from Local Authorities” was the first delay factor followed by “Poor site management and supervision”. The delay factor ranked least was “Inadequate cost estimation and related details” from consultants. The paper recommends that Government agencies that regulate physical development should intensify public education, particularly on responsibilities and obligations, especially among self-builders. The paper recommends further study into labour-related issues as well as communication and information management among participants and its impact on self-build project success.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(2018YFD1100304)。
文摘This paper focuses on the phenomenon of residents’self-build structures in the old city of Hanyin County since the 1980 s,and draws the following conclusions:firstly,regarding the local policies formed in the process of local practice beyond planning,i.e.,"neighbors’consent,""cooperative building,"and"building setback at no charge;"secondly,that the legal interpretation of neighboring relations is the legal basis for the rationalization of the policy beyond planning;thirdly,the local government’s selective use of planning tools and its cooperation with residents reflects the local wisdom,which helps to promote urban renewal at a lower cost.
文摘The Fourth Plenary Session of the 17th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) closed in Beijing on September 18, with pledges to expand intra-Party democracy and resolutely fight corruption. A total of 194 full members and 163 alternate members of the committee, the Party’s top decision-making body, attended the four-day plenum, which was presided over by its Political Bureau. Hu Jintao, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, delivered a work report at the meeting.
文摘设计了一种结合边缘增强的全局自注意力深度学习网络(global self−attention network with edge−enhancement,E−GSANet),用于遥感影像建筑物提取,在编码主干构建并融入边缘增强模块,为网络赋予边界先验知识信息;通过全局自注意力特征表达模块构建影像的长距离依赖关系,实现显著特征与边缘增强特征的表达融合;使用逐级上采样解码模块,将空间细节信息丰富的浅层特征与具有高阶语义信息的深层特征相融合,得到建筑物的精确提取结果。基于2个开源的遥感建筑物数据集,将E−GSANet与当前主流方法进行对比,定量和定性分析表明,E−GSANet在各项指标中都取得了最优的结果,提取出的建筑物更为完整,边缘更加精确,精度更高。此外,网络结构的消融实验分析证明了各模块的有效性。
