选取中国大陆及邻区32个地磁台站的地磁场要素即磁偏角D、地磁场水平分量H、垂直分量Z的时均值数据,利用磁静条件筛选并剔除异常值,之后通过月均值年差分得到主磁场各要素的长期变化序列,利用长短时记忆神经网络(LSTM)建立了未来一年台...选取中国大陆及邻区32个地磁台站的地磁场要素即磁偏角D、地磁场水平分量H、垂直分量Z的时均值数据,利用磁静条件筛选并剔除异常值,之后通过月均值年差分得到主磁场各要素的长期变化序列,利用长短时记忆神经网络(LSTM)建立了未来一年台站各要素数据的预测模型。预测结果表明:LSTM模型预测的D要素均方根误差(RMSE)和归一化均方根误差(NRMSE)的平均值为1.139′和0.040,H分量的RMSE和NRMSE的平均值为11.85 n T和0.086,Z分量的RMSE和NRMSE的平均值为15.10 n T和0.026;LSTM模型对Z分量的预测精度最高,其次是D要素,最差的是H分量。分别计算由LSTM模型、线性外推、二次外推得到的台站各要素年变率误差,结果显示:对于D要素,LSTM预测结果的RMSE平均值为0.361′/a,较线性外推法提高了54%,较二次外推法提高了59%;对于H分量,LSTM预测结果的RMSE平均值为3.921 n T/a,较线性外推法提高了58%,较二次外推法提高了76%;对于Z分量,LSTM预测结果的RMSE平均值为4.339 n T/a,较线性外推法提高了47%,较二次外推法提高了57%。展开更多
This paper examines the complex relationship between secular and religious communities in Israel,highlighting the socio-political tensions that arise from competing cultural norms and governance frameworks.Secular Jew...This paper examines the complex relationship between secular and religious communities in Israel,highlighting the socio-political tensions that arise from competing cultural norms and governance frameworks.Secular Jews,who constitute a significant portion of the population,advocate for civil liberties,the separation of religion and state,and the integration of ultra-Orthodox communities into broader society.In contrast,religious groups exert substantial influence within coalition governments,often obstructing the implementation of secular policies and exacerbating political instability.The discussion emphasizes the challenges posed by Israel’s unique legal framework,which intertwines Jewish identity with state governance,thereby complicating the principles of democracy and religious freedom.Key legislation,such as the Law of Return and the Law of the Rabbinical Courts,grants religious authorities substantial control over personal status issues,leading to ongoing disputes over rights and representation.The paper argues for the necessity of egalitarian pluralism as a framework for dialogue,aiming to bridge the divide between secular and religious communities.Fostering mutual respect and understanding is essential for achieving social cohesion and strengthening Israel’s commitment to being both a Jewish and democratic state.展开更多
This paper is about the transformation process of theoretical frameworks used in educational research on teaching evolution. To this end, some authors' claims, findings and suggestions offered via particular studi...This paper is about the transformation process of theoretical frameworks used in educational research on teaching evolution. To this end, some authors' claims, findings and suggestions offered via particular studies are evaluated. While the evaluated authors have represented secularism as a barrier to teaching evolution in the United States, they have also offered pedagogically theistic or agnostic evolution as the best choice for the reconciliation of religion and evolution. This paper is particularly concerned with one of the explanatory theoretical frameworks—religious cultural competence in evolution education(ReCCEE), which is derived from the cultural competence framework—although others are visited as well. Even though the schools or authors who have applied ReCCEE do not directly reference constructivism, their studies are built upon constructivist pedagogy and epistemological idealism. They often have problematic issues such as obscurantism, ad hominem attacks, cherry-picking and an ill-formed appeal to authority. Besides, these papers present biased or uncritical views and ill-informed definitions of some terms, such as secularism and agnosticism.展开更多
The Low Earth Orbit(LEO)geomagnetic satellites provide a large number of high-precision measurements,which are crucial for researching the Secular Variation(SV)of the geomagnetic field.We employ the combined constella...The Low Earth Orbit(LEO)geomagnetic satellites provide a large number of high-precision measurements,which are crucial for researching the Secular Variation(SV)of the geomagnetic field.We employ the combined constellation data from the Chinese Seismo-Electromagnet Satellite(CSES)and Swarm satellites to extract the SV in China and surrounding areas,based on the Geomagnetic Virtual Observatory(GVO)method.On this basis,we have developed two GVO products:the core field,and the SV series.The accuracies of these products are assessed using ground observatories measurements and geomagnetic field model.Moreover,the results indicate that the GVO products align well with the series from ground observatories and the CHAOS model.The majority of root-mean-square deviation(RMSE)values of the core field series are less than 5 nT,consistent with the INTERMAGNET standards for quasi-definitive data.In the GVO core field series,the maximum accuracy of one-month and four-month intervals are 2.24 nT and 1.16 nT,respectively.In the GVO SV series,the maximum accuracy of one-month and four-month intervals are 2.03 nT/yr and 1.36 nT/yr,respectively.The GVO SV series effectively capture geomagnetic jerks without losing temporal resolution comparing with the recording of ground observatories.We demonstrate that the GVO method serves as an effective and precise tool for extracting SV information of geomagnetic fields.In the GVO products,the RMSE of the horizontal component exceeds that of the vertical component,and the magnitude of RMSE deviation correlates with solar activity levels.With more and more geomagnetic satellites in orbit,we wish to use multi-constellation magnetic satellite data to assess the geomagnetic field more accurately.展开更多
文摘选取中国大陆及邻区32个地磁台站的地磁场要素即磁偏角D、地磁场水平分量H、垂直分量Z的时均值数据,利用磁静条件筛选并剔除异常值,之后通过月均值年差分得到主磁场各要素的长期变化序列,利用长短时记忆神经网络(LSTM)建立了未来一年台站各要素数据的预测模型。预测结果表明:LSTM模型预测的D要素均方根误差(RMSE)和归一化均方根误差(NRMSE)的平均值为1.139′和0.040,H分量的RMSE和NRMSE的平均值为11.85 n T和0.086,Z分量的RMSE和NRMSE的平均值为15.10 n T和0.026;LSTM模型对Z分量的预测精度最高,其次是D要素,最差的是H分量。分别计算由LSTM模型、线性外推、二次外推得到的台站各要素年变率误差,结果显示:对于D要素,LSTM预测结果的RMSE平均值为0.361′/a,较线性外推法提高了54%,较二次外推法提高了59%;对于H分量,LSTM预测结果的RMSE平均值为3.921 n T/a,较线性外推法提高了58%,较二次外推法提高了76%;对于Z分量,LSTM预测结果的RMSE平均值为4.339 n T/a,较线性外推法提高了47%,较二次外推法提高了57%。
文摘This paper examines the complex relationship between secular and religious communities in Israel,highlighting the socio-political tensions that arise from competing cultural norms and governance frameworks.Secular Jews,who constitute a significant portion of the population,advocate for civil liberties,the separation of religion and state,and the integration of ultra-Orthodox communities into broader society.In contrast,religious groups exert substantial influence within coalition governments,often obstructing the implementation of secular policies and exacerbating political instability.The discussion emphasizes the challenges posed by Israel’s unique legal framework,which intertwines Jewish identity with state governance,thereby complicating the principles of democracy and religious freedom.Key legislation,such as the Law of Return and the Law of the Rabbinical Courts,grants religious authorities substantial control over personal status issues,leading to ongoing disputes over rights and representation.The paper argues for the necessity of egalitarian pluralism as a framework for dialogue,aiming to bridge the divide between secular and religious communities.Fostering mutual respect and understanding is essential for achieving social cohesion and strengthening Israel’s commitment to being both a Jewish and democratic state.
文摘This paper is about the transformation process of theoretical frameworks used in educational research on teaching evolution. To this end, some authors' claims, findings and suggestions offered via particular studies are evaluated. While the evaluated authors have represented secularism as a barrier to teaching evolution in the United States, they have also offered pedagogically theistic or agnostic evolution as the best choice for the reconciliation of religion and evolution. This paper is particularly concerned with one of the explanatory theoretical frameworks—religious cultural competence in evolution education(ReCCEE), which is derived from the cultural competence framework—although others are visited as well. Even though the schools or authors who have applied ReCCEE do not directly reference constructivism, their studies are built upon constructivist pedagogy and epistemological idealism. They often have problematic issues such as obscurantism, ad hominem attacks, cherry-picking and an ill-formed appeal to authority. Besides, these papers present biased or uncritical views and ill-informed definitions of some terms, such as secularism and agnosticism.
基金supported by the Special Fund of the Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration(grant no.DQJB24X25).
文摘The Low Earth Orbit(LEO)geomagnetic satellites provide a large number of high-precision measurements,which are crucial for researching the Secular Variation(SV)of the geomagnetic field.We employ the combined constellation data from the Chinese Seismo-Electromagnet Satellite(CSES)and Swarm satellites to extract the SV in China and surrounding areas,based on the Geomagnetic Virtual Observatory(GVO)method.On this basis,we have developed two GVO products:the core field,and the SV series.The accuracies of these products are assessed using ground observatories measurements and geomagnetic field model.Moreover,the results indicate that the GVO products align well with the series from ground observatories and the CHAOS model.The majority of root-mean-square deviation(RMSE)values of the core field series are less than 5 nT,consistent with the INTERMAGNET standards for quasi-definitive data.In the GVO core field series,the maximum accuracy of one-month and four-month intervals are 2.24 nT and 1.16 nT,respectively.In the GVO SV series,the maximum accuracy of one-month and four-month intervals are 2.03 nT/yr and 1.36 nT/yr,respectively.The GVO SV series effectively capture geomagnetic jerks without losing temporal resolution comparing with the recording of ground observatories.We demonstrate that the GVO method serves as an effective and precise tool for extracting SV information of geomagnetic fields.In the GVO products,the RMSE of the horizontal component exceeds that of the vertical component,and the magnitude of RMSE deviation correlates with solar activity levels.With more and more geomagnetic satellites in orbit,we wish to use multi-constellation magnetic satellite data to assess the geomagnetic field more accurately.
