The genus Armeniaca Scop. is well known for its popular cultivated edible fruit trees such as Armeniaca vul- garis Lam. and ornamental flowers such as A. mume Sieb. Another species, A. cathayana Fu et al., one of six ...The genus Armeniaca Scop. is well known for its popular cultivated edible fruit trees such as Armeniaca vul- garis Lam. and ornamental flowers such as A. mume Sieb. Another species, A. cathayana Fu et al., one of six important dry fruits （kernel-using apricot）, is cultivated for its edible seeds in North China. In the present study, DNA from 70 individuals of A rmeniaca, including 38 of A. cathayana, 18 ofA. vulgaris, 12 ofA. sibirica, 1 ofA. dasycarpa and 1 of A. mume, was extracted and analyzed using microsatellites and capillary electrophoresis. For 20 polymorphic loci selected, 339 alleles and 140.7 effective alleles were detected. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 8 to 28, with an average of 16.95 alleles per locus. The observed heterozygosity （Ho） and the expected heterozygosity （He） ranged from 0.427 to 0.971 and from 0.737 to 0.912, respectively. The polymorphism information content varied from 0.708 to0.905, with an average of 0.827. Based on the genetic similarity among 70 individuals, a UPGMA was used to establish the phylogenetic relationships. The taxonomic positions among five species were clearly revealed, and A. cathayana was more closely related to A. vulgaris than to A. sibirica. The results will provide a scientific basis for research on the taxonomy, germplasm resources and breeding ofArmeniaca, especially for A. cathayana.展开更多
Objective:To assess the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of standardized extract of Cotinus coggygria(C.coggygria)in different animal models.Methods:C.coggygria extracts(25,50,and 100 mg/kg)were administered to...Objective:To assess the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of standardized extract of Cotinus coggygria(C.coggygria)in different animal models.Methods:C.coggygria extracts(25,50,and 100 mg/kg)were administered to rats and mice(n=6)during hot plate,tail-flick,acetic acid-induced writhing,and formalin tests to determine its analgesic efficacy.The anti-inflammatory activity of C.coggygria extracts was evaluated by histamine and carrageenan-induced paw edema,cotton pellet-induced granuloma,and acetic acid-induced peritoneal capillary dye leakage tests.Results:C.coggygria extracts(50 and 100 mg/kg)significantly alleviated thermal and chemical-induced pain in rodents(P<0.05).It also demonstrated notable anti-inflammatory properties by mitigating histamine and carrageenan-induced paw edema,granuloma deposits,and vascular permeability(P<0.05).Moreover,C.coggygria extracts remarkably reduced TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,COX-2,and oxidative stress in rat paws(P<0.05).Carrageenan-induced histological aberrations in hind paw tissues were effectively(P<0.05)mitigated by treatment with C.coggygria extracts.Conclusions:C.coggygria Scop.extracts show analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects via inhibition of COX-2 and inflammatory and oxidative mediators.展开更多
Allelopathic plants are important resources for the discovery of bioherbicides.Rosebay willowherb[Chamaenerion angustifolium(L.)Scop.syn.Epilobium angustifolium L.]widely distributes in Western Asia,Europe,and North A...Allelopathic plants are important resources for the discovery of bioherbicides.Rosebay willowherb[Chamaenerion angustifolium(L.)Scop.syn.Epilobium angustifolium L.]widely distributes in Western Asia,Europe,and North America,and behaves as a dominant species within the community due to the production of substances that restrict growth of other plants.This study aims at investigating the allelopathic potential of rosebay willowherb by evaluation of the effects of aqueous extracts from different parts on seed germination and seedling growth in lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.),as well as measuring the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and structural analysis of root tips via scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy.It was observed that the aqueous extracts from the leaves of rosebay willowherb had the strongest inhibitory effect on the germination index,germination energy and total germination of lettuce seeds,followed by capsular fruits and flowers,and the inhibition effect of stems was the weakest.All aqueous extracts(100 mg/mL)showed a significant inhibitory effect on radicle elongation of lettuce seedlings.Additionally,after treatment with the aqueous extract of rosebay willowherb leaves,accumulation of reactive oxygen species increased in columella cells,which correlated with disruption of root tip structure.展开更多
[Objectives]To study the biological characteristics and culture conditions of Hericium coralloides(Scop.)Pers.[Methods]The wild H.coralloides strain of Changbai Mountain was used as the experimental material to conduc...[Objectives]To study the biological characteristics and culture conditions of Hericium coralloides(Scop.)Pers.[Methods]The wild H.coralloides strain of Changbai Mountain was used as the experimental material to conduct a single factor test on its biological characteristics.[Results]The ideal available carbon source and nitrogen source are glucose and ammonium sulfate,respectively,the pH is 3.5-4.0,and the temperature is 20-22℃.Through the orthogonal experiment of 4 factors and 4 levels,it is found that the degree of influence of the 4 factors on H.coralloides is temperature>pH>nitrogen source>carbon source.[Conclusions]The optimum conditions for the mycelium culture of H.coralloides:the carbon source is glucose,and the nitrogen source is yeast extract or peptone,and pH is 3.5-4.0,and temperature is 20-22℃.展开更多
[目的]常规玉米田除草模式用药次数多用量大,“一次性除草”是本试验提出的除草新策略,通过多种除草剂的组合探索,获得除草效果最佳的“一次性除草”方案。[方法]玉米种植后待禾本科杂草为3~5叶期,阔叶杂草为4~6叶期,茎叶喷雾处理1次。...[目的]常规玉米田除草模式用药次数多用量大,“一次性除草”是本试验提出的除草新策略,通过多种除草剂的组合探索,获得除草效果最佳的“一次性除草”方案。[方法]玉米种植后待禾本科杂草为3~5叶期,阔叶杂草为4~6叶期,茎叶喷雾处理1次。[结果]30%苯唑草酮悬浮剂33.75 g a.i./hm^(2)+200 g/L氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯乳油210 g a.i./hm^(2)+40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂180 g a.i./hm^(2)+JZ-121350 g a.i./hm^(2)与“一封一杀”除草模式相比,“一次性除草”增产9.95%,效果显著。[结论]“一次性除草”技术可有效防控雨养春玉米田一年生杂草,对本试验玉米品种(东单1331)安全;优选出3个除草剂组合为一次性除草提供了可选择的化学防除方案,可根据不同地区雨养玉米田草相、杂草基数、土壤类型、气候特点等,选择适合的除草剂组合大面积示范、推广、应用。展开更多
To investigate the eco-economic thresholds of weeds and the critical period for their control,combining economic and ecological perspectives to achieve scientific weed management,four dominant weeds,Echinochloa crus-g...To investigate the eco-economic thresholds of weeds and the critical period for their control,combining economic and ecological perspectives to achieve scientific weed management,four dominant weeds,Echinochloa crus-galli(L.)P.Beauv,Chenopodium album L.,Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop,and Commelina communis L.,were selected as experimental subjects,based on their common occurrence in spring maize planting areas in Northern China.A predictive model for maize yield loss caused by mixed weed populations was established.The study analyzed the eco-economic thresholds of weeds under different control measures and determined the optimal period for weed control by combining the critical control period.A logarithmic function model was developed to describe the relationship between mixed weed density and maize yield loss:y=5.9875ln(x)-6.5407(R^(2)=0.949,F=131.244,P=0.000).The optimal model for the critical period of competition between weeds and maize in maize fields was:y=-0.0027x^(2)+0.5624x-10.064(R2=0.968,F=30.513,P=0.032).When the weed density in maize fields reached 5.57 plants·m^(-2),manual weeding should be conducted promptly.When the weed density was 3.41 plants·m^(-2) or 3.48 plants·m^(-2),soil or foliar treatments should be applied,respectively.If the weed density reached 3.93 plants·m^(-2),a combination of soil and foliar treatment should be implemented.The critical period for manual weeding was 28.4 days after sowing,for soil treatment it was 19.9 days,for foliar treatment it was 21.8 days,and for the combined treatment of soil and foliar methods,it was 23.5 days after sowing.Retaining weeds for up to 15 days after maize sowing did not result in a yield loss and could even have a positive effect on maize yield.展开更多
基金financially supported by 948 Project(No.2011-4-37)Standardization Project(No.2013-LY-082) of The State Forestry Administration of China
文摘The genus Armeniaca Scop. is well known for its popular cultivated edible fruit trees such as Armeniaca vul- garis Lam. and ornamental flowers such as A. mume Sieb. Another species, A. cathayana Fu et al., one of six important dry fruits （kernel-using apricot）, is cultivated for its edible seeds in North China. In the present study, DNA from 70 individuals of A rmeniaca, including 38 of A. cathayana, 18 ofA. vulgaris, 12 ofA. sibirica, 1 ofA. dasycarpa and 1 of A. mume, was extracted and analyzed using microsatellites and capillary electrophoresis. For 20 polymorphic loci selected, 339 alleles and 140.7 effective alleles were detected. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 8 to 28, with an average of 16.95 alleles per locus. The observed heterozygosity （Ho） and the expected heterozygosity （He） ranged from 0.427 to 0.971 and from 0.737 to 0.912, respectively. The polymorphism information content varied from 0.708 to0.905, with an average of 0.827. Based on the genetic similarity among 70 individuals, a UPGMA was used to establish the phylogenetic relationships. The taxonomic positions among five species were clearly revealed, and A. cathayana was more closely related to A. vulgaris than to A. sibirica. The results will provide a scientific basis for research on the taxonomy, germplasm resources and breeding ofArmeniaca, especially for A. cathayana.
文摘Objective:To assess the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of standardized extract of Cotinus coggygria(C.coggygria)in different animal models.Methods:C.coggygria extracts(25,50,and 100 mg/kg)were administered to rats and mice(n=6)during hot plate,tail-flick,acetic acid-induced writhing,and formalin tests to determine its analgesic efficacy.The anti-inflammatory activity of C.coggygria extracts was evaluated by histamine and carrageenan-induced paw edema,cotton pellet-induced granuloma,and acetic acid-induced peritoneal capillary dye leakage tests.Results:C.coggygria extracts(50 and 100 mg/kg)significantly alleviated thermal and chemical-induced pain in rodents(P<0.05).It also demonstrated notable anti-inflammatory properties by mitigating histamine and carrageenan-induced paw edema,granuloma deposits,and vascular permeability(P<0.05).Moreover,C.coggygria extracts remarkably reduced TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,COX-2,and oxidative stress in rat paws(P<0.05).Carrageenan-induced histological aberrations in hind paw tissues were effectively(P<0.05)mitigated by treatment with C.coggygria extracts.Conclusions:C.coggygria Scop.extracts show analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects via inhibition of COX-2 and inflammatory and oxidative mediators.
基金This research was funded by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China,Grant No.ZR2018BD030Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Material Medica,Grant No.LMM2020-6.
文摘Allelopathic plants are important resources for the discovery of bioherbicides.Rosebay willowherb[Chamaenerion angustifolium(L.)Scop.syn.Epilobium angustifolium L.]widely distributes in Western Asia,Europe,and North America,and behaves as a dominant species within the community due to the production of substances that restrict growth of other plants.This study aims at investigating the allelopathic potential of rosebay willowherb by evaluation of the effects of aqueous extracts from different parts on seed germination and seedling growth in lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.),as well as measuring the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and structural analysis of root tips via scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy.It was observed that the aqueous extracts from the leaves of rosebay willowherb had the strongest inhibitory effect on the germination index,germination energy and total germination of lettuce seeds,followed by capsular fruits and flowers,and the inhibition effect of stems was the weakest.All aqueous extracts(100 mg/mL)showed a significant inhibitory effect on radicle elongation of lettuce seedlings.Additionally,after treatment with the aqueous extract of rosebay willowherb leaves,accumulation of reactive oxygen species increased in columella cells,which correlated with disruption of root tip structure.
基金Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(2019GSF107063)Science and Technology Planning Project of Yantai City(2017ZH055).
文摘[Objectives]To study the biological characteristics and culture conditions of Hericium coralloides(Scop.)Pers.[Methods]The wild H.coralloides strain of Changbai Mountain was used as the experimental material to conduct a single factor test on its biological characteristics.[Results]The ideal available carbon source and nitrogen source are glucose and ammonium sulfate,respectively,the pH is 3.5-4.0,and the temperature is 20-22℃.Through the orthogonal experiment of 4 factors and 4 levels,it is found that the degree of influence of the 4 factors on H.coralloides is temperature>pH>nitrogen source>carbon source.[Conclusions]The optimum conditions for the mycelium culture of H.coralloides:the carbon source is glucose,and the nitrogen source is yeast extract or peptone,and pH is 3.5-4.0,and temperature is 20-22℃.
文摘[目的]常规玉米田除草模式用药次数多用量大,“一次性除草”是本试验提出的除草新策略,通过多种除草剂的组合探索,获得除草效果最佳的“一次性除草”方案。[方法]玉米种植后待禾本科杂草为3~5叶期,阔叶杂草为4~6叶期,茎叶喷雾处理1次。[结果]30%苯唑草酮悬浮剂33.75 g a.i./hm^(2)+200 g/L氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯乳油210 g a.i./hm^(2)+40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂180 g a.i./hm^(2)+JZ-121350 g a.i./hm^(2)与“一封一杀”除草模式相比,“一次性除草”增产9.95%,效果显著。[结论]“一次性除草”技术可有效防控雨养春玉米田一年生杂草,对本试验玉米品种(东单1331)安全;优选出3个除草剂组合为一次性除草提供了可选择的化学防除方案,可根据不同地区雨养玉米田草相、杂草基数、土壤类型、气候特点等,选择适合的除草剂组合大面积示范、推广、应用。
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1400502)。
文摘To investigate the eco-economic thresholds of weeds and the critical period for their control,combining economic and ecological perspectives to achieve scientific weed management,four dominant weeds,Echinochloa crus-galli(L.)P.Beauv,Chenopodium album L.,Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop,and Commelina communis L.,were selected as experimental subjects,based on their common occurrence in spring maize planting areas in Northern China.A predictive model for maize yield loss caused by mixed weed populations was established.The study analyzed the eco-economic thresholds of weeds under different control measures and determined the optimal period for weed control by combining the critical control period.A logarithmic function model was developed to describe the relationship between mixed weed density and maize yield loss:y=5.9875ln(x)-6.5407(R^(2)=0.949,F=131.244,P=0.000).The optimal model for the critical period of competition between weeds and maize in maize fields was:y=-0.0027x^(2)+0.5624x-10.064(R2=0.968,F=30.513,P=0.032).When the weed density in maize fields reached 5.57 plants·m^(-2),manual weeding should be conducted promptly.When the weed density was 3.41 plants·m^(-2) or 3.48 plants·m^(-2),soil or foliar treatments should be applied,respectively.If the weed density reached 3.93 plants·m^(-2),a combination of soil and foliar treatment should be implemented.The critical period for manual weeding was 28.4 days after sowing,for soil treatment it was 19.9 days,for foliar treatment it was 21.8 days,and for the combined treatment of soil and foliar methods,it was 23.5 days after sowing.Retaining weeds for up to 15 days after maize sowing did not result in a yield loss and could even have a positive effect on maize yield.
