Salt-cavern underground gas storage is technically faced with non-uniform distribution of stratified salt rocks,complex solution mining mechanism,difficult control of solution mining process,less operation safety and ...Salt-cavern underground gas storage is technically faced with non-uniform distribution of stratified salt rocks,complex solution mining mechanism,difficult control of solution mining process,less operation safety and stability of caverns and difficult reconstruction and utilization of old caverns.In view of these technical difficulties,the design concept was fully updated based on the design experience and field practice of Jintan gas storage in Jiangsu,for purpose of maximizing salt layer utilization ratio,improving solution mining efficiency,shortening construction time and ensuring cavity safety.Based on the updated design concept,five series of key technologies were proposed in site evaluation,cavern design and control,stability assessment and storage capacity parameter design,old cavern screening and utilization,and gas storage operation and monitoring.The following results were obtained from the actual application of these key technologies to the Jintan gas storage.First,the actual drilling coincidence rate of geological program is high.Second,the cavern is morphologically coincident with the design.Third,the cavern deformation retract rate is in line with the stability evaluation result.Fourth,old caverns are successfully reconstructed and utilized.Fifth,the arrangement of the monitoring network ensures the operation safety of salt-cavern underground gas storage and makes an important contribution to the peak shaving and supply guarantee of natural gas in the Yangtze River Delta region.In conclusion,the research results provide guidance for the design and engineering implementation of salt-cavern underground gas storage construction program,as well as a theoretical and technical support for the construction of similar gas storages.展开更多
In order to meet the demand of constructing salt-cavern underground gas storages(UGSs)in favorable salt mines for the regions that are neither major oil and gas production zones nor major natural gas consumer markets ...In order to meet the demand of constructing salt-cavern underground gas storages(UGSs)in favorable salt mines for the regions that are neither major oil and gas production zones nor major natural gas consumer markets in South China,and solve the problems of unclear conditions for selecting salt-cavern gas storage sites and of inconsistent content and depth in evaluating gas storage conditions,based on investigation and analysis of salt-cavern UGS data in China and other countries,we proposed the principles of selecting gas storage sites in combination with geology and ground surface conditions,and developed a set of technologies in evaluating construction conditions for salt-cavern gas storages.By applying the selection principles of salt-cavern UGSs,we selected and sorted some salt mines in the three major natural gas consumer markets(the Yangtze River Delta,CentraleSouth China,and Southeast Coast of China),and evaluated the conditions of constructing a gas storage in the Huai'an salt mine with better conditions.The following findings were obtained.First,the principles of selecting gas storage sites can be applied to quickly optimize and sort the selected targets,including 6 items of geological factors such as structure,burial depth,salt-bearing layer thickness,NaCl content,top rock,and reserves,and 3 other items such as ground surface conditions,water source and brine,distance from pipeline networks.Second,the evaluation system of UGS construction conditions integrates features of structure and salt-bearing strata,tightness,firmness,dissolubility evaluation,prediction of gas storage scale,and analysis of cavity making condition.In conclusion,the new evaluation technologies can not only effectively guide the site selection and evaluation of salt-cavern UGSs but provide foundation and power support for their scheme designs,and the presented pilot proposal for utilizing thick interlayers has achieved a perfect on-site application effect.This study is of great significance for constructing UGSs in China.展开更多
【目的】盐穴储氢场景下注采管面临严重的氢脆与腐蚀风险,亟需研发高效的阻氢防护涂层。系统性地评估并对比具有代表性的涂层,对于筛选与设计适用于盐穴储氢环境的涂层防护技术至关重要。【方法】利用多弧离子镀法在N80钢上分别制备了Ti...【目的】盐穴储氢场景下注采管面临严重的氢脆与腐蚀风险,亟需研发高效的阻氢防护涂层。系统性地评估并对比具有代表性的涂层,对于筛选与设计适用于盐穴储氢环境的涂层防护技术至关重要。【方法】利用多弧离子镀法在N80钢上分别制备了TiN、AlCrN及(TiAlCrSiY)N涂层。采用Devanathan-Stachurski双电解池,在电化学监测的液相与气相两种充氢模式下,系统评价各涂层的阻氢渗透性能,并通过电化学极化曲线测试评估其耐腐蚀性。使用扫描电镜(Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM)、数码显微镜等对涂层的微观结构与性能进行表征。通过对比分析TiN、AlCrN及(TiAlCrSiY)N涂层的综合防护性能,探究其内在机理的差异,为盐穴储氢环境下的阻氢涂层选材与设计提供科学依据。【结果】AlCrN涂层表现出最佳的综合性能,其表面最致密平整、缺陷最少,并具备最高硬度与最强结合力。(TiAlCrSiY)N涂层虽因多元素协同效应而耐腐蚀性最优,但存在较多表面团聚颗粒与微观缺陷,结合力在3种涂层中最差。氢渗透性能测试结果表明,AlCrN涂层阻氢效果最好,与N80基材相比,有效扩散系数降低了83.68%,在气相与液相条件下阻氢效率分别高达99.23%、84.76%。TiN、AlCrN及(TiAlCrSiY)N涂层均有较好的阻氢效果,同时可提高基材的表面强度,增强抗蚀性能。测试分析结果表明,涂层微观结构的致密性是决定其阻氢与力学性能的首要因素,而耐腐蚀性能主要受化学组分影响。【结论】未来盐穴储氢库阻氢防护涂层开发应优先通过工艺优化来获得低缺陷的致密结构,其次进行成分优化增强化学稳定性,同步提升其耐腐蚀特性与机械性能,对于保障盐穴储氢库安全运行具有重要工程意义。展开更多
基金supported by the CNPC Major Science and Technology Project“Research and Application of Key Technologies in Geology and Gas Reservoir Engineering of Underground Gas Storage”(No.:2015E-400201).
文摘Salt-cavern underground gas storage is technically faced with non-uniform distribution of stratified salt rocks,complex solution mining mechanism,difficult control of solution mining process,less operation safety and stability of caverns and difficult reconstruction and utilization of old caverns.In view of these technical difficulties,the design concept was fully updated based on the design experience and field practice of Jintan gas storage in Jiangsu,for purpose of maximizing salt layer utilization ratio,improving solution mining efficiency,shortening construction time and ensuring cavity safety.Based on the updated design concept,five series of key technologies were proposed in site evaluation,cavern design and control,stability assessment and storage capacity parameter design,old cavern screening and utilization,and gas storage operation and monitoring.The following results were obtained from the actual application of these key technologies to the Jintan gas storage.First,the actual drilling coincidence rate of geological program is high.Second,the cavern is morphologically coincident with the design.Third,the cavern deformation retract rate is in line with the stability evaluation result.Fourth,old caverns are successfully reconstructed and utilized.Fifth,the arrangement of the monitoring network ensures the operation safety of salt-cavern underground gas storage and makes an important contribution to the peak shaving and supply guarantee of natural gas in the Yangtze River Delta region.In conclusion,the research results provide guidance for the design and engineering implementation of salt-cavern underground gas storage construction program,as well as a theoretical and technical support for the construction of similar gas storages.
基金supported by the CNPC Major Science and Technology Project,“Site Selection and Geological Evaluation Technology of Gas Storage”(No.:2012B-3309)。
文摘In order to meet the demand of constructing salt-cavern underground gas storages(UGSs)in favorable salt mines for the regions that are neither major oil and gas production zones nor major natural gas consumer markets in South China,and solve the problems of unclear conditions for selecting salt-cavern gas storage sites and of inconsistent content and depth in evaluating gas storage conditions,based on investigation and analysis of salt-cavern UGS data in China and other countries,we proposed the principles of selecting gas storage sites in combination with geology and ground surface conditions,and developed a set of technologies in evaluating construction conditions for salt-cavern gas storages.By applying the selection principles of salt-cavern UGSs,we selected and sorted some salt mines in the three major natural gas consumer markets(the Yangtze River Delta,CentraleSouth China,and Southeast Coast of China),and evaluated the conditions of constructing a gas storage in the Huai'an salt mine with better conditions.The following findings were obtained.First,the principles of selecting gas storage sites can be applied to quickly optimize and sort the selected targets,including 6 items of geological factors such as structure,burial depth,salt-bearing layer thickness,NaCl content,top rock,and reserves,and 3 other items such as ground surface conditions,water source and brine,distance from pipeline networks.Second,the evaluation system of UGS construction conditions integrates features of structure and salt-bearing strata,tightness,firmness,dissolubility evaluation,prediction of gas storage scale,and analysis of cavity making condition.In conclusion,the new evaluation technologies can not only effectively guide the site selection and evaluation of salt-cavern UGSs but provide foundation and power support for their scheme designs,and the presented pilot proposal for utilizing thick interlayers has achieved a perfect on-site application effect.This study is of great significance for constructing UGSs in China.
文摘【目的】盐穴储氢场景下注采管面临严重的氢脆与腐蚀风险,亟需研发高效的阻氢防护涂层。系统性地评估并对比具有代表性的涂层,对于筛选与设计适用于盐穴储氢环境的涂层防护技术至关重要。【方法】利用多弧离子镀法在N80钢上分别制备了TiN、AlCrN及(TiAlCrSiY)N涂层。采用Devanathan-Stachurski双电解池,在电化学监测的液相与气相两种充氢模式下,系统评价各涂层的阻氢渗透性能,并通过电化学极化曲线测试评估其耐腐蚀性。使用扫描电镜(Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM)、数码显微镜等对涂层的微观结构与性能进行表征。通过对比分析TiN、AlCrN及(TiAlCrSiY)N涂层的综合防护性能,探究其内在机理的差异,为盐穴储氢环境下的阻氢涂层选材与设计提供科学依据。【结果】AlCrN涂层表现出最佳的综合性能,其表面最致密平整、缺陷最少,并具备最高硬度与最强结合力。(TiAlCrSiY)N涂层虽因多元素协同效应而耐腐蚀性最优,但存在较多表面团聚颗粒与微观缺陷,结合力在3种涂层中最差。氢渗透性能测试结果表明,AlCrN涂层阻氢效果最好,与N80基材相比,有效扩散系数降低了83.68%,在气相与液相条件下阻氢效率分别高达99.23%、84.76%。TiN、AlCrN及(TiAlCrSiY)N涂层均有较好的阻氢效果,同时可提高基材的表面强度,增强抗蚀性能。测试分析结果表明,涂层微观结构的致密性是决定其阻氢与力学性能的首要因素,而耐腐蚀性能主要受化学组分影响。【结论】未来盐穴储氢库阻氢防护涂层开发应优先通过工艺优化来获得低缺陷的致密结构,其次进行成分优化增强化学稳定性,同步提升其耐腐蚀特性与机械性能,对于保障盐穴储氢库安全运行具有重要工程意义。
