A novel method called thermomechanical treatment based on impact hydroforming(TTIHF)was proposed.The pre-deformation was achieved by using impact hydroforming(IHF)loading.The strengthening effect and mechanism of 2195...A novel method called thermomechanical treatment based on impact hydroforming(TTIHF)was proposed.The pre-deformation was achieved by using impact hydroforming(IHF)loading.The strengthening effect and mechanism of 2195 Al-Li alloy were investigated under various loading pre-deformation conditions.The results showed that the time for the alloy to reach peak aging was shortened under TTIHF.Compared with those of the pre-deformation method of stamping forming,the yield strength and tensile strength of the Al-Li alloy under TTIHF increased by 18.6%and 18.0%,respectively.The deformation caused by IHF loading resulted in a high density of dislocations,which served as nucleation sites for the precipitation of the T_(1)phase during aging.After TTIHF,the average diameter and thickness of the T_(1)phase in the alloy were smaller than those under other experiment conditions.Moreover,the density and distribution of the T_(1)phase were the highest and the most uniform.展开更多
Nickel-based superalloys demonstrate exceptional mechanical strength stemming from their uniqueγ/γ′microstructure.Understanding microstructural state effects on the strength of GH4742 superalloy is critical for mec...Nickel-based superalloys demonstrate exceptional mechanical strength stemming from their uniqueγ/γ′microstructure.Understanding microstructural state effects on the strength of GH4742 superalloy is critical for mechanical performance.The investigation of GH4742 superalloy samples with controlled microstructure was conducted via a methodology combining tailored thermomechanical processing,heat treatment,and strengthening mechanism modeling.Theγ+γ′duplex structure achieves an optimal strength-ductility synergy,exhibiting yield strength of 805 MPa,ultimate tensile strength of 1440 MPa,and elongation of 21%.Comparatively,samples containing fine single-modalγ′precipitates exhibit marginally reduced performance,while mixed-grain structures containing grain boundary-localized columnarγ′precipitates demonstrate severe property degradation(yield strength of 582 MPa,ultimate strength of 1007 MPa,elongation of 12%).Quantitative analysis indicates that mechanical responses are predominantly governed by multimodalγ′precipitate distributions and their synergistic precipitation strengthening effects.Notably,theγ+γ′duplex structure exhibits exceptional strengthening efficacy,with precipitation strengthening mechanisms contributing 670.83 MPa to its overall strength.展开更多
Oxide dispersion strengthened(ODS)alloys are extensively used owing to high thermostability and creep strength contributed from uniformly dispersed fine oxides particles.However,the existence of these strengthening pa...Oxide dispersion strengthened(ODS)alloys are extensively used owing to high thermostability and creep strength contributed from uniformly dispersed fine oxides particles.However,the existence of these strengthening particles also deteriorates the processability and it is of great importance to establish accurate processing maps to guide the thermomechanical processes to enhance the formability.In this study,we performed particle swarm optimization-based back propagation artificial neural network model to predict the high temperature flow behavior of 0.25wt%Al2O3 particle-reinforced Cu alloys,and compared the accuracy with that of derived by Arrhenius-type constitutive model and back propagation artificial neural network model.To train these models,we obtained the raw data by fabricating ODS Cu alloys using the internal oxidation and reduction method,and conducting systematic hot compression tests between 400 and800℃with strain rates of 10^(-2)-10 S^(-1).At last,processing maps for ODS Cu alloys were proposed by combining processing parameters,mechanical behavior,microstructure characterization,and the modeling results achieved a coefficient of determination higher than>99%.展开更多
The traditional"trial and error"microstructural control method,with high cost and low efficiency,has become a key issue restricting the development of ultra-high strength and toughness titanium alloys.This s...The traditional"trial and error"microstructural control method,with high cost and low efficiency,has become a key issue restricting the development of ultra-high strength and toughness titanium alloys.This study adopts the molybdenum equivalent(Mo_([eq]))method to rapidly design Ti-xMo-4Al-4Zr-3Nb-2Cr-1Fe alloys(x=5-9).The as-cast alloys with different Mo_([eq])exhibit a single peak of theβphase in XRD.Theβgrains of 5Mo alloy(the lowest Mo_([eq]))exhibit elongated columnar grain characteristics.As the Mo_([eq])increases,theβgrains transition towards a more equiaxed form,resulting in a decrease in aspect ratio and a reduction in grain size.As the Mo_([eq])increases,the a phase content gradually decreases and the a phase is almost unobservable in 9Mo alloy(the highest Mo_([eq])).The a phase in 5Mo alloy exhibits short rod-shaped shapes with an average length of about2.4μm,while the a phase in 6Mo alloy shows an equiaxed and short rod shapes with the smallest size.The strength,plasticity,and toughness are the lowest in 5Mo alloy,with values of 867 MPa,7.3%,and 56 MPa·m^(1/2),respectively.However,it reaches its maximum in 6Mo alloy,where the strength,plasticity,and toughness increase to 984 MPa,12.8%,and 74 MPa·m^(1/2),respectively.The mechanical properties of Ti-xMo-4Al-4Zr-3Nb-2Cr-1Fe alloys are affected mainly by solid-solution strengthening of Mo element,refinement ofβgrain,and changes inα/βphase content.This study lays a certain theoretical foundation for the theoretical research and composition development of new ultra-high strength and toughness titanium alloys.展开更多
British Prime Minister Keir Starmer’s China visit has yielded a new commitment to a long-term stable comprehensive strategic partnership,with significant breakthroughs in financial cooperation including a newly estab...British Prime Minister Keir Starmer’s China visit has yielded a new commitment to a long-term stable comprehensive strategic partnership,with significant breakthroughs in financial cooperation including a newly established financial working group.THE four-day visit of British Prime Minister Keir Starmer to China-the first by a U.K.Prime Minister in eight years-has marked a significant step toward stabilizing and deepening bilateral relations.展开更多
Introducing B2 ordering can effectively improve the mechanical properties of lightweight refractory high-entropy alloys(LRHEAs).However,(Zr,Al)-enriched B2 precipitates generally reduce the ductility because their ord...Introducing B2 ordering can effectively improve the mechanical properties of lightweight refractory high-entropy alloys(LRHEAs).However,(Zr,Al)-enriched B2 precipitates generally reduce the ductility because their ordering characteristic is destroyed after dislocation shearing.Meanwhile,the local chemical order(LCO)cannot provide an adequate strengthening effect due to its small size.展开更多
With the increase in power of the industrial gas turbine and thrust-weight ratio of aeroengine,the conventional strengthening method of adding refractory elements into superalloys has become difficult to meet the dema...With the increase in power of the industrial gas turbine and thrust-weight ratio of aeroengine,the conventional strengthening method of adding refractory elements into superalloys has become difficult to meet the demands for the higher mechanical properties.A novel Ni-based superalloy was designed with enhanced strength and hardness based on the graphene nanosheets(GNs)synergistic in-situ nano-carbides strengthening in the present work.Nano-carbides were induced by in-situ reaction of the GNs with alloy powders during additive manufacturing.The microstructure and thermophysical properties of different alloys with 0.1wt.%GNs and without GNs were investigated by SEM,EBSD,TEM,differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),and small angle neutron scattering(SANS).Residual GNs were also detected by SANS and DSC.The nano-carbides are uniformly distributed in the matrix and combine with residual GNs to refine the cellular structure.Compared with the original alloy(ASE100),the hardness of the alloy with 0.1wt.%GNs(ASE100-0.1GN)is increased by 31 HV(from 315 HV to 346 HV),and the yield tensile strength is increased by 86 MPa(from 756 MPa to 842 MPa).The GNs react with alloy melt in the molten pools to generate nano-carbides under the Marangoni effect during manufacturing process.The dispersion nano-carbides are distributed at both grain boundaries and within grains,effectively hindering the movement of dislocation and enhancing the strength of alloy.展开更多
As a typical tungsten-based composite consisting of tungsten(W)particles and matrix phase,tungsten heavy alloys(WHAs)are extensively utilized in the military due to their exceptional strength and high density.However,...As a typical tungsten-based composite consisting of tungsten(W)particles and matrix phase,tungsten heavy alloys(WHAs)are extensively utilized in the military due to their exceptional strength and high density.However,the large grain size(>30μm)of powder metallurgy liquid phase sintered(LPS)WHAs and the low strength of the matrix phase limit the further improvement of the alloy.In this work,high-density ultrafine WHAs were fabricated by two-step low-temperature sintering,and the density of the alloy reached 17 g/cm^(3) with an average W particle size of 7.81μm.Additionally,the eutectic reaction be-tween Ni and Ta was controlled to generate dispersed nano-Ni_(3)Ta phases in situ in the matrix phase,fur-ther improving the strength of the alloy.Under the synergistic strengthening effect of fine-grain strength-ening,dispersion strengthening,and solid solution strengthening,the average ultimate tensile strength of the alloy reached 1190.39 MPa.At the same time,the alloy maintained good elongation with a total elon-gation of 20.8%due to the good co-grid interface orientation between the Ni_(3)Ta phase and the matrix phase.This study provides a new idea for developing high-strength WHAs and has a guiding significance for developing Ni-based alloys.展开更多
China National Intellectual Property Administration(CNIPA) issued the"Notice on Strengthening Management of Trademark Use"(Notice) on November 17,2025.This directive aims to guide the business community,part...China National Intellectual Property Administration(CNIPA) issued the"Notice on Strengthening Management of Trademark Use"(Notice) on November 17,2025.This directive aims to guide the business community,particularly the trademark users and trademark law practitioners,toward stricter compliance,focusing on curbing deceptive practices and enhancing fair competition.展开更多
Ni/TiAl composite brazed joints could significantly reduce the aircraft’s weight.However,low interfacial adhesion,coarse and brittle-hard intermetallic compounds(IMCs)seriously limited the application of Ni/TiAl comp...Ni/TiAl composite brazed joints could significantly reduce the aircraft’s weight.However,low interfacial adhesion,coarse and brittle-hard intermetallic compounds(IMCs)seriously limited the application of Ni/TiAl composite joints in the next generation of aerospace applications.So enhanced K4169/TiAl composite joints were investigated by vacuum brazed with(Ni_(53.33)Cr_(20)B_(16.67)Si_(10)/Zr_(25)Ti_(18.75)Ta_(12.5)Ni_(25)Cu_(18.75))composite filler metal(CFM)designed based on cluster-plus-glue-atom model.The shear strength of the joint reached 485 MPa,comparable to the 491 MPa of TiAl substrate.The flat and brittle-hard diffusion reaction layer between Zones I and II was eliminated,simultaneously generating CrB4 dispersion strengthening due to the CFM developed with the interfacial solid-liquid space-time hysteresis effect.In Zones II and III,IMCs all transformed into Niss(Cr,Fe)_([0–88]),Niss(Ti,Al)_([004]),and Niss(Zr,Si)_([11–2])of circular and oval shapes through isothermal solidification.Meanwhile,the residual stresses and hardness were distributed in reticulated cladding characteristics.Thereby,lattice distortion led to solid solution strengthening and increased plastic toughness through crack termination and bridging mechanisms,which inhibited dislocations from plugging and crack propagation.Various interfaces in ZoneⅣwere regulated into semi-and coherent interfaces.Ni3(Ti,Al)/(Ni,Ti,Al)and(Ni,Ti,Al)/AlNi_(2)Ti were composed of higher interfacial bonding energy(2.771 J/m^(2),2.547 J/m^(2))and Ni-Ni covalent bonds.Interfacial covalent bonding and large interfacial bonding energy coupling strengthened Zone IV.Consequently,cracks initiated at the(Ni,Ti,Al)[013]/Ti3Al_([010])and expanded rapidly into TiAl substrate.Therefore,applying this method to design CFMs and regulate the phase,grain morphology,and interface’s fine structure could provide new pathways for dissimilar hard-to-join metals.展开更多
This study demonstrates simultaneous enhancement of magnetic and mechanical properties in NdFeB magnets through Ti addition.The coercivity increases by 1.1 kOe without compromising remanence,while bending strength imp...This study demonstrates simultaneous enhancement of magnetic and mechanical properties in NdFeB magnets through Ti addition.The coercivity increases by 1.1 kOe without compromising remanence,while bending strength improves by 159.05%.Analytical results reveal that Ti predominantly combines with free B atoms to form TiB_(2)phases,which reduce the brittleness of grain boundary(GB)phase and impede dislocation motion.The superposition of stress fields around dislocations generates reactive forces that counteract external loads,thereby enhancing GB strength.Concurrently,B depletion in GB phases induces amorphous transformation,further enhancing boundary strength.A minor fraction of Ti incorporates into the main phase,enhancing covalent bond strength and forming a reinforced main phase.Additionally,Ti addition promotes grain refinement and increases GB density,significantly improving bending strength.The synergistic effects of heterogeneous phase formation,amorphous transformation,main phase reinforcement,and grain refinement collectively enable coordinated strengthening between the main phase and GBs.This multi-mechanism approach provides novel insights for mechanical property optimization in Nd FeB magnets.展开更多
Magnesium-lithium(Mg-Li) alloy,as the lightest metal structure material,has unparalleled market prospects in aerospace,weapons and equipment,electronic technology,transportation,and many other fields.However,it is har...Magnesium-lithium(Mg-Li) alloy,as the lightest metal structure material,has unparalleled market prospects in aerospace,weapons and equipment,electronic technology,transportation,and many other fields.However,it is hard to balance the superlight and high strength of Mg-Li alloy,and the inferior high-temperature strength and poor high-temperature stability limit the wide application of Mg-Li alloy.At present,the main methods to improve the mechanical properties of Mg-Li alloy are alloying,grain refinement,and compound strengthening.The domestic and overseas research progress in the strengthening and toughening methods and mechanisms of Mg-Li alloy are reviewed,and the future development of the high strength and high toughness Mg-Li alloy is prospected.展开更多
This paper examines the effect of Fe addition on the microstructure characterized by scanning electron microscopy/electron backscattered diffraction,neutron diffraction,and synchrotron X-ray tomography and the mechani...This paper examines the effect of Fe addition on the microstructure characterized by scanning electron microscopy/electron backscattered diffraction,neutron diffraction,and synchrotron X-ray tomography and the mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Mn-Fe-Cu alloys.The findings reveal that the microstructures of the alloys consisted of an Al matrix,Al_(6)(FeMn),and Al_(2)CuMg phase particles.The addition of Fe significantly increased the yield strength(YS),and ultimate tensile strength(UTS)of the alloys,while reducing elongation.The transformation of the 3D morphology of the Al_(6)(FeMn)phase from separated and fine particles with Chinese-script morphology to interconnected rod-like structure as Fe content increased from 0.1%to 0.8%.This strengthening effect was attributed to the slip lines being blocked at the vicinity of the inter-connected Fe-rich phase,leading to grain rotation and dislocation density increment around the Fe-rich phase,ultimately improving the strength of the alloys.However,the Fe-rich phases and Al_(2)CuMg phases were found to be prone to cracking under tensile stress,resulting in decreased elongation of the alloys.This study provides a potential application in the design and manufacturing of new non-heat-treatable Al alloys for the automotive industry.展开更多
Refractory high/medium-entropy alloys(RH/MEAs)are known for their outstanding performance at el-evated temperatures;however,they usually exhibit poor room-temperature plasticity,which can be at-tributed to the non-uni...Refractory high/medium-entropy alloys(RH/MEAs)are known for their outstanding performance at el-evated temperatures;however,they usually exhibit poor room-temperature plasticity,which can be at-tributed to the non-uniform deformation that occurs at room temperature.Once cracks nucleate,they will rapidly propagate into vertical splitting cracks.Here,we introduce multiple phases including FCC and HCP phases into the NbMoTa RMEA via appropriate addition of carbon.The results show that multiple-phase synergy effectively suppresses non-uniform deformation,thereby delaying the onset of vertical splitting cracks.An optimal combination of compressive strength-plasticity is achieved by the(NbMoTa)_(92.5)C_(7.5) alloy.The significant improvement in room-temperature mechanical properties can be attributed to its hierarchical microstructure:in the mesoscale,the BCC matrix is divided by eutectic structures;while at the microscale,the BCC matrix is further refined by abundant lath-like FCC precipitates.The FCC precip-itates contain high-density stacking faults,acting as a dislocation source under compressive loading.The HCP phase in the eutectic microstructures,in turn,acts as a strong barrier to dislocation movement and simultaneously increases the dislocation storage capacity.These findings open a new route to tailor the microstructure and mechanical properties of RH/MEAs.展开更多
To effectively regulate the grain boundary infiltration in CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy(Cantor alloys,HEA)caused by the violent atomic interdiffusion,the higher configuration entropy on Cantor alloys surface was desi...To effectively regulate the grain boundary infiltration in CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy(Cantor alloys,HEA)caused by the violent atomic interdiffusion,the higher configuration entropy on Cantor alloys surface was designed and realized via eutectic high-entropy(EHEA)transformation.Meanwhile,to effectively alleviate the residual stress caused by the notable difference in the thermal expansion coefficient(CTE)between Cantor alloys and Zr-3 alloys,a cladding layer was applied to the HEA surface using laser cladding technology of Nb,followed by brazing to Zr-3 alloys with Zr63.2Cu filler.The cladding layer’s microstructure comprised Nbss and FCC+(Co,Ni)_(2) Nb eutectic structure,resulting from an in-situ reaction between Cantor alloys and Nb.The Nbss and FCC demonstrated good plasticity,and the(Co,Ni)_(2) Nb Laves phase provided increased strength,endowing both good plastic deformation ability and strength of the cladding layer.Notably,the existence of EHEA in the laser cladding layer made the Cantor alloy entropy from 1.61 R to 1.77 R,greatly enhancing its thermal stability and suppressing the grave grain boundary infiltration.Joints produced via laser cladding with Nb-assisted brazing exhibited a complex microstructure(HEA/Nbss+FCC+(Co,Ni)_(2)Nb/(Zr,Nb)(Cr,Mn)_(2)+(Zr,Nb)ss/(Zr,Nb)_(2)(Cu,Ni,Co,Fe)+(Zr,Nb)(Cr,Mn)_(2)+(Zr,Nb)ss/Zr-3) and a significantly improved shear strength of 242.8 MPa at 1010℃ for 10 min,42.4%higher than that of directly brazed joints.This improvement was attributed to reduced grain boundary infiltration,alleviated residual stress due to CTE disparity,and eliminated micro-cracks in the brazing seam.This study presents an effective solution for reducing residual stresses and achieving reliable bonding between Cantor alloys and Zr-3 alloys,with potential applications in brazing CoCrFeNi-based HEA and Zr-3 due to the beneficial eutectic reaction between CoCrFeNi and Nb.展开更多
The microstructure evolution and strengthening mechanism of WE54 alloy with different hard-plate rolling(HPR)processes were systematically investigated.The results suggest that the mechanical properties of the as-roll...The microstructure evolution and strengthening mechanism of WE54 alloy with different hard-plate rolling(HPR)processes were systematically investigated.The results suggest that the mechanical properties of the as-rolled alloys are significantly enhanced compared to those of the as-cast alloy.When subjected to three rolling passes at 450℃ and 490℃,grain refinement occurs due to dynamic recrystallization.A mixed-grain structure is formed after a single pass rolling with a substantial reduction(65%)at 490℃.The dynamic recrystallization(DRX)mechanism of the alloy during the HPR includes continuous dynamic recrystallization(CDRX),discontinuous dynamic recrystallization(DDRX),and twin-induced recrystallization(TDRX).The WE54 alloy exhibits the highest strength after three passes of HPR at 450℃,with tensile strength and yield strength of 374 and 323 MPa,respectively.The significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the alloy is primarily attributed to fine-grain strengthening,solid solution strengthening,and dislocation strengthening.展开更多
The unique structure and formation mechanism of medium-entropy alloys(MEAs)generally result in bet-ter comprehensive properties than traditional alloys.However,the strength-ductility trade-offremains a bottleneck,whic...The unique structure and formation mechanism of medium-entropy alloys(MEAs)generally result in bet-ter comprehensive properties than traditional alloys.However,the strength-ductility trade-offremains a bottleneck,which limits their applications.In this study,we designed novel high-performance CrNiCu x MEAs with a heterophase composition by incorporating a Cu-rich phase,and they were fabricated using laser-directed energy deposition(LDED).The results show that synergistic strengthening from multiple phases significantly improved the mechanical properties of the alloys,resulting in a tensile strength of 675 MPa and a ductility of 34.4%,demonstrating an excellent combination of high tensile strength and ductility.The improved mechanical properties of the CrNiCu x medium-entropy alloys are primarily due to the heterophase interfacial strengthening mechanism.In the alloy,numerous semi-coherent and coher-ent interfaces formed between the Cr-rich phase,Cu-rich phase,and the matrix,creating extensive lattice distortions at the interfaces.An increase in the Cu-rich phase content promoted the interaction between phases,enhancing the strain energy of the alloy and the barrier strength of the interfaces.The calcu-latedτint values,ranging from approximately 5.92-6.69 GPa,are significantly higher than those found in traditional alloys,providing a benchmark for designing new high-performance medium-entropy alloys.展开更多
Fe-28Mn-(10-12)Al-(0.8-1.4)C(wt.%)steels were designed to investigate the influence of varying Al and C content on precipitation behavior ofκ-carbide and its contribution to the strength of high-Mn low-density steels...Fe-28Mn-(10-12)Al-(0.8-1.4)C(wt.%)steels were designed to investigate the influence of varying Al and C content on precipitation behavior ofκ-carbide and its contribution to the strength of high-Mn low-density steels.Results reveal that both Al and C elements promoteκ-carbide precipitation,with C having a more pronounced effect.In near-rapidly solidified 10Al steel strips,increasing C content from 0.8wt.%to 1.4wt.%raises theκ-carbide size from 9.6 nm to 38.2 nm,accompanied by volume fraction increase from 10.2vol.%to 29.8vol.%.In comparison,the average size and volume fraction ofκ-carbides in 12Al0.8C steel are only 11.4 nm and 17.8vol.%,respectively.Higher Al and C content reduces the lattice mismatch between austenite andκ-carbides,thus promoting nucleation ofκ-carbides.Notably,the increase in C content results in a greater reduction in the Gibbs free energy ofκ-carbide,leading to a stronger driving force forκ-carbide formation.Consequently,as the C content increases from 0.8wt.%to 1.4wt.%,the interaction betweenκ-carbides and dislocations transforms from particle cutting to bypassing,and the maximum precipitation strengthening ofκ-carbides reaches 583 MPa.The construction of the relationship between Al and C content andκ-carbide precipitation in this study would provide valuable insights for alloy design of high-Mn steels.展开更多
Non-isothermal aging(NIA)treatments have presented significant advantages in improving the comprehensive performance and aging hardening efficiency of the 7000 series aluminum alloys,but there is no attention paid to ...Non-isothermal aging(NIA)treatments have presented significant advantages in improving the comprehensive performance and aging hardening efficiency of the 7000 series aluminum alloys,but there is no attention paid to their composites.This study takes a linear heating aging process as an example to reveal the precipitation behaviors of a 15 vol.%SiC/7085Al composite as well as its impact on mechanical properties using differential scanning calorimetry,transmission electron microscopy,small-angle neutron scattering,hardness measurements,and tensile testing.The results indicated the formation of GP(Ⅰ,Ⅱ)zones,η’andηprecipitates in sequence,leading to the hardness and strength initially increasing and then decreasing with rising NIA temperatures.The maximums were reached at 183℃,corresponding to the appearance ofη’precipitates in large quantities.Owing to the rapid temperature rise during the NIA process,the precipitates entered the coarsening and redissolution stage before they were entirely formed,resulting in reduced peak strength compared to the T6 treatment.The composite exhibited a more significant reduction in strength than the 7085Al alloy because:(i)the annihilation of vacancies suppressed the formation of GPII zones,thereby weakening their transition toη’precipitates;(ii)quenching dislocations promoted the coarsening of precipitates.An improved NIA process,incorporating both heating and cooling aging treatments,was effectively designed with the assistance of in-situ SANS technology to address this issue,which allows for achieving strength comparable to that after the T6 treatment with only 15%of the aging time consumption.This research fills the gap in investigating the NIA precipitation behaviors of aluminum matrix composites,providing guidance for the formulation of NIA schedules.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the 10-year therapeutic efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)using the Strengthening Spleen and Draining Dampness therapy in the management of idiopathic membranous nephropathy(IMN).METHO...OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the 10-year therapeutic efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)using the Strengthening Spleen and Draining Dampness therapy in the management of idiopathic membranous nephropathy(IMN).METHODS:A single-center,retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with IMN who met predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Data were collected from the Department of Nephrology at Longhua Hospital,affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,between January 2007 and December 2011.Clinical parameters including 24-h urinary protein,serum albumin,serum creatinine,and estimated glomerular filtration rate(e GFR,EPI)were assessed at baseline and at 1,3,5,and 10 years of follow-up.The efficacy of the Strengthening Spleen and Draining Dampness therapy was analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance(ANOVA).Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariate proportional hazards model(Cox regression models)were employed to identify factors associated with treatment outcomes.RESULTS:A total of 265 patients were included,with a median follow-up duration of 96 months(36,122).TCM treatment significantly reduced 24-h urinary protein levels(P<0.001),and increased serum albumin levels(P<0.001),while serum creatinine remained stable(P=0.187).Remission rates at 1,3,5,and 10 years were 52.81%,69.71%,68.39%,and 72.36%,respectively,and the rates of avoiding composite outcome events at the same intervals were 98.27%,94.29%,94.19%,and 93.50%.In the subgroup receiving TCM only,remission rates were 56.67%,84.44%,76.32%,and 82.86%.For patients treated initially with Western Medicine followed by TCM,the rates were 52.83%,65.85%,67.47%and 67.75%.In the cohort of patients who received TCM as their first-line therapy,remission rates were 49.23%,62.50%,61.76%,and 69.23%.Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the duration of TCM treatment[hazard ratio(HR)=0.826,95%confidence interval(CI)(0.779,0.876),P<0.001],presence of hypertension[HR=1.912,95%CI(1.181,3.094),P=0.008],baseline serum albumin level[HR=0.930,95%CI(0.894,0.969),P<0.001],and the rate of serum albumin increase within the first year of treatment[HR=0.930,95%CI(0.909,0.957),P<0.001]were significantly associated with clinical outcomes.CONCLUSION:The Strengthening Spleen and Draining Dampness therapy demonstrated robust short-and longterm efficacy in treating IMN,with high rates of remission and renal survival over 10 years.Key factors influencing clinical remission included the duration of TCM treatment,baseline serum albumin levels,the presence of hypertension,and the rate of increase in serum albumin within the first year.These findings suggest that this TCM approach provides a viable long-term treatment option for IMN.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2024YFE0108800,T24KITG-014)the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.172GJHZ2022096FN)。
文摘A novel method called thermomechanical treatment based on impact hydroforming(TTIHF)was proposed.The pre-deformation was achieved by using impact hydroforming(IHF)loading.The strengthening effect and mechanism of 2195 Al-Li alloy were investigated under various loading pre-deformation conditions.The results showed that the time for the alloy to reach peak aging was shortened under TTIHF.Compared with those of the pre-deformation method of stamping forming,the yield strength and tensile strength of the Al-Li alloy under TTIHF increased by 18.6%and 18.0%,respectively.The deformation caused by IHF loading resulted in a high density of dislocations,which served as nucleation sites for the precipitation of the T_(1)phase during aging.After TTIHF,the average diameter and thickness of the T_(1)phase in the alloy were smaller than those under other experiment conditions.Moreover,the density and distribution of the T_(1)phase were the highest and the most uniform.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(12202375)S&T Program of Qinhuangdao(202401A001).
文摘Nickel-based superalloys demonstrate exceptional mechanical strength stemming from their uniqueγ/γ′microstructure.Understanding microstructural state effects on the strength of GH4742 superalloy is critical for mechanical performance.The investigation of GH4742 superalloy samples with controlled microstructure was conducted via a methodology combining tailored thermomechanical processing,heat treatment,and strengthening mechanism modeling.Theγ+γ′duplex structure achieves an optimal strength-ductility synergy,exhibiting yield strength of 805 MPa,ultimate tensile strength of 1440 MPa,and elongation of 21%.Comparatively,samples containing fine single-modalγ′precipitates exhibit marginally reduced performance,while mixed-grain structures containing grain boundary-localized columnarγ′precipitates demonstrate severe property degradation(yield strength of 582 MPa,ultimate strength of 1007 MPa,elongation of 12%).Quantitative analysis indicates that mechanical responses are predominantly governed by multimodalγ′precipitate distributions and their synergistic precipitation strengthening effects.Notably,theγ+γ′duplex structure exhibits exceptional strengthening efficacy,with precipitation strengthening mechanisms contributing 670.83 MPa to its overall strength.
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52371103)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.2242023K40028)+1 种基金the Open Research Fund of Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials,China(No.AMM2023B01).financial support of the Research Fund of Shihezi Key Laboratory of AluminumBased Advanced Materials,China(No.2023PT02)financial support of Guangdong Province Science and Technology Major Project,China(No.2021B0301030005)。
文摘Oxide dispersion strengthened(ODS)alloys are extensively used owing to high thermostability and creep strength contributed from uniformly dispersed fine oxides particles.However,the existence of these strengthening particles also deteriorates the processability and it is of great importance to establish accurate processing maps to guide the thermomechanical processes to enhance the formability.In this study,we performed particle swarm optimization-based back propagation artificial neural network model to predict the high temperature flow behavior of 0.25wt%Al2O3 particle-reinforced Cu alloys,and compared the accuracy with that of derived by Arrhenius-type constitutive model and back propagation artificial neural network model.To train these models,we obtained the raw data by fabricating ODS Cu alloys using the internal oxidation and reduction method,and conducting systematic hot compression tests between 400 and800℃with strain rates of 10^(-2)-10 S^(-1).At last,processing maps for ODS Cu alloys were proposed by combining processing parameters,mechanical behavior,microstructure characterization,and the modeling results achieved a coefficient of determination higher than>99%.
基金the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U21A2042,52425401,U2441255,52474377)the Major Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Project in Heilongjiang Province(No.ZC2023SH0075)the Henan Provincial Key Research and Development&Promotion Special Program(No.251111231400)。
文摘The traditional"trial and error"microstructural control method,with high cost and low efficiency,has become a key issue restricting the development of ultra-high strength and toughness titanium alloys.This study adopts the molybdenum equivalent(Mo_([eq]))method to rapidly design Ti-xMo-4Al-4Zr-3Nb-2Cr-1Fe alloys(x=5-9).The as-cast alloys with different Mo_([eq])exhibit a single peak of theβphase in XRD.Theβgrains of 5Mo alloy(the lowest Mo_([eq]))exhibit elongated columnar grain characteristics.As the Mo_([eq])increases,theβgrains transition towards a more equiaxed form,resulting in a decrease in aspect ratio and a reduction in grain size.As the Mo_([eq])increases,the a phase content gradually decreases and the a phase is almost unobservable in 9Mo alloy(the highest Mo_([eq])).The a phase in 5Mo alloy exhibits short rod-shaped shapes with an average length of about2.4μm,while the a phase in 6Mo alloy shows an equiaxed and short rod shapes with the smallest size.The strength,plasticity,and toughness are the lowest in 5Mo alloy,with values of 867 MPa,7.3%,and 56 MPa·m^(1/2),respectively.However,it reaches its maximum in 6Mo alloy,where the strength,plasticity,and toughness increase to 984 MPa,12.8%,and 74 MPa·m^(1/2),respectively.The mechanical properties of Ti-xMo-4Al-4Zr-3Nb-2Cr-1Fe alloys are affected mainly by solid-solution strengthening of Mo element,refinement ofβgrain,and changes inα/βphase content.This study lays a certain theoretical foundation for the theoretical research and composition development of new ultra-high strength and toughness titanium alloys.
文摘British Prime Minister Keir Starmer’s China visit has yielded a new commitment to a long-term stable comprehensive strategic partnership,with significant breakthroughs in financial cooperation including a newly established financial working group.THE four-day visit of British Prime Minister Keir Starmer to China-the first by a U.K.Prime Minister in eight years-has marked a significant step toward stabilizing and deepening bilateral relations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52171166 and U20A20231)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(Nos.2024JJ2060 and 2024JJ5406)+1 种基金the Key Laboratory of Materials in Dynamic Extremes of Sichuan Province(No.2023SCKT1102)the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of National University of Defense Technology(No.XJJC2024065).
文摘Introducing B2 ordering can effectively improve the mechanical properties of lightweight refractory high-entropy alloys(LRHEAs).However,(Zr,Al)-enriched B2 precipitates generally reduce the ductility because their ordering characteristic is destroyed after dislocation shearing.Meanwhile,the local chemical order(LCO)cannot provide an adequate strengthening effect due to its small size.
基金sponsored by the Leading Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDC0160000)the Fundamental Research Project of China National Nuclear Corporation(No.FK010261123429)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12375305).
文摘With the increase in power of the industrial gas turbine and thrust-weight ratio of aeroengine,the conventional strengthening method of adding refractory elements into superalloys has become difficult to meet the demands for the higher mechanical properties.A novel Ni-based superalloy was designed with enhanced strength and hardness based on the graphene nanosheets(GNs)synergistic in-situ nano-carbides strengthening in the present work.Nano-carbides were induced by in-situ reaction of the GNs with alloy powders during additive manufacturing.The microstructure and thermophysical properties of different alloys with 0.1wt.%GNs and without GNs were investigated by SEM,EBSD,TEM,differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),and small angle neutron scattering(SANS).Residual GNs were also detected by SANS and DSC.The nano-carbides are uniformly distributed in the matrix and combine with residual GNs to refine the cellular structure.Compared with the original alloy(ASE100),the hardness of the alloy with 0.1wt.%GNs(ASE100-0.1GN)is increased by 31 HV(from 315 HV to 346 HV),and the yield tensile strength is increased by 86 MPa(from 756 MPa to 842 MPa).The GNs react with alloy melt in the molten pools to generate nano-carbides under the Marangoni effect during manufacturing process.The dispersion nano-carbides are distributed at both grain boundaries and within grains,effectively hindering the movement of dislocation and enhancing the strength of alloy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51701242,51931012)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2023RC3068).
文摘As a typical tungsten-based composite consisting of tungsten(W)particles and matrix phase,tungsten heavy alloys(WHAs)are extensively utilized in the military due to their exceptional strength and high density.However,the large grain size(>30μm)of powder metallurgy liquid phase sintered(LPS)WHAs and the low strength of the matrix phase limit the further improvement of the alloy.In this work,high-density ultrafine WHAs were fabricated by two-step low-temperature sintering,and the density of the alloy reached 17 g/cm^(3) with an average W particle size of 7.81μm.Additionally,the eutectic reaction be-tween Ni and Ta was controlled to generate dispersed nano-Ni_(3)Ta phases in situ in the matrix phase,fur-ther improving the strength of the alloy.Under the synergistic strengthening effect of fine-grain strength-ening,dispersion strengthening,and solid solution strengthening,the average ultimate tensile strength of the alloy reached 1190.39 MPa.At the same time,the alloy maintained good elongation with a total elon-gation of 20.8%due to the good co-grid interface orientation between the Ni_(3)Ta phase and the matrix phase.This study provides a new idea for developing high-strength WHAs and has a guiding significance for developing Ni-based alloys.
文摘China National Intellectual Property Administration(CNIPA) issued the"Notice on Strengthening Management of Trademark Use"(Notice) on November 17,2025.This directive aims to guide the business community,particularly the trademark users and trademark law practitioners,toward stricter compliance,focusing on curbing deceptive practices and enhancing fair competition.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52275314 and 52075074).
文摘Ni/TiAl composite brazed joints could significantly reduce the aircraft’s weight.However,low interfacial adhesion,coarse and brittle-hard intermetallic compounds(IMCs)seriously limited the application of Ni/TiAl composite joints in the next generation of aerospace applications.So enhanced K4169/TiAl composite joints were investigated by vacuum brazed with(Ni_(53.33)Cr_(20)B_(16.67)Si_(10)/Zr_(25)Ti_(18.75)Ta_(12.5)Ni_(25)Cu_(18.75))composite filler metal(CFM)designed based on cluster-plus-glue-atom model.The shear strength of the joint reached 485 MPa,comparable to the 491 MPa of TiAl substrate.The flat and brittle-hard diffusion reaction layer between Zones I and II was eliminated,simultaneously generating CrB4 dispersion strengthening due to the CFM developed with the interfacial solid-liquid space-time hysteresis effect.In Zones II and III,IMCs all transformed into Niss(Cr,Fe)_([0–88]),Niss(Ti,Al)_([004]),and Niss(Zr,Si)_([11–2])of circular and oval shapes through isothermal solidification.Meanwhile,the residual stresses and hardness were distributed in reticulated cladding characteristics.Thereby,lattice distortion led to solid solution strengthening and increased plastic toughness through crack termination and bridging mechanisms,which inhibited dislocations from plugging and crack propagation.Various interfaces in ZoneⅣwere regulated into semi-and coherent interfaces.Ni3(Ti,Al)/(Ni,Ti,Al)and(Ni,Ti,Al)/AlNi_(2)Ti were composed of higher interfacial bonding energy(2.771 J/m^(2),2.547 J/m^(2))and Ni-Ni covalent bonds.Interfacial covalent bonding and large interfacial bonding energy coupling strengthened Zone IV.Consequently,cracks initiated at the(Ni,Ti,Al)[013]/Ti3Al_([010])and expanded rapidly into TiAl substrate.Therefore,applying this method to design CFMs and regulate the phase,grain morphology,and interface’s fine structure could provide new pathways for dissimilar hard-to-join metals.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52361033)National Key Research and Development Program(No.2022YFB3505400)+6 种基金Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Heavy Rare Earth Special use of Sintered NdFeB Project(No.TC220H06J)Academic and Technical Leaders in Major Disciplines in Jiangxi Province(No.20225BCJ23007)Jiangxi Natural Science Foundation Youth Fund(No.20232BAB214011)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.2022QNRC001)Research Projects of Ganjiang Innovation Academy,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.E255J001)Science and Technology Major Project of Ganzhou(No.202101064871)Program for Excellent Young Talents(No.JXUSTQJYC2024003)
文摘This study demonstrates simultaneous enhancement of magnetic and mechanical properties in NdFeB magnets through Ti addition.The coercivity increases by 1.1 kOe without compromising remanence,while bending strength improves by 159.05%.Analytical results reveal that Ti predominantly combines with free B atoms to form TiB_(2)phases,which reduce the brittleness of grain boundary(GB)phase and impede dislocation motion.The superposition of stress fields around dislocations generates reactive forces that counteract external loads,thereby enhancing GB strength.Concurrently,B depletion in GB phases induces amorphous transformation,further enhancing boundary strength.A minor fraction of Ti incorporates into the main phase,enhancing covalent bond strength and forming a reinforced main phase.Additionally,Ti addition promotes grain refinement and increases GB density,significantly improving bending strength.The synergistic effects of heterogeneous phase formation,amorphous transformation,main phase reinforcement,and grain refinement collectively enable coordinated strengthening between the main phase and GBs.This multi-mechanism approach provides novel insights for mechanical property optimization in Nd FeB magnets.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51771115,51775334,51821001 and U2037601)the Joint Fund for Space Science and Technology(No.6141B06310106)。
文摘Magnesium-lithium(Mg-Li) alloy,as the lightest metal structure material,has unparalleled market prospects in aerospace,weapons and equipment,electronic technology,transportation,and many other fields.However,it is hard to balance the superlight and high strength of Mg-Li alloy,and the inferior high-temperature strength and poor high-temperature stability limit the wide application of Mg-Li alloy.At present,the main methods to improve the mechanical properties of Mg-Li alloy are alloying,grain refinement,and compound strengthening.The domestic and overseas research progress in the strengthening and toughening methods and mechanisms of Mg-Li alloy are reviewed,and the future development of the high strength and high toughness Mg-Li alloy is prospected.
基金support from the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52104373,52074131,and 51974092)the Basic and Applied Basic Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2020B1515120065)。
文摘This paper examines the effect of Fe addition on the microstructure characterized by scanning electron microscopy/electron backscattered diffraction,neutron diffraction,and synchrotron X-ray tomography and the mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Mn-Fe-Cu alloys.The findings reveal that the microstructures of the alloys consisted of an Al matrix,Al_(6)(FeMn),and Al_(2)CuMg phase particles.The addition of Fe significantly increased the yield strength(YS),and ultimate tensile strength(UTS)of the alloys,while reducing elongation.The transformation of the 3D morphology of the Al_(6)(FeMn)phase from separated and fine particles with Chinese-script morphology to interconnected rod-like structure as Fe content increased from 0.1%to 0.8%.This strengthening effect was attributed to the slip lines being blocked at the vicinity of the inter-connected Fe-rich phase,leading to grain rotation and dislocation density increment around the Fe-rich phase,ultimately improving the strength of the alloys.However,the Fe-rich phases and Al_(2)CuMg phases were found to be prone to cracking under tensile stress,resulting in decreased elongation of the alloys.This study provides a potential application in the design and manufacturing of new non-heat-treatable Al alloys for the automotive industry.
基金financial support from the Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52231006)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFB0702003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51871217).
文摘Refractory high/medium-entropy alloys(RH/MEAs)are known for their outstanding performance at el-evated temperatures;however,they usually exhibit poor room-temperature plasticity,which can be at-tributed to the non-uniform deformation that occurs at room temperature.Once cracks nucleate,they will rapidly propagate into vertical splitting cracks.Here,we introduce multiple phases including FCC and HCP phases into the NbMoTa RMEA via appropriate addition of carbon.The results show that multiple-phase synergy effectively suppresses non-uniform deformation,thereby delaying the onset of vertical splitting cracks.An optimal combination of compressive strength-plasticity is achieved by the(NbMoTa)_(92.5)C_(7.5) alloy.The significant improvement in room-temperature mechanical properties can be attributed to its hierarchical microstructure:in the mesoscale,the BCC matrix is divided by eutectic structures;while at the microscale,the BCC matrix is further refined by abundant lath-like FCC precipitates.The FCC precip-itates contain high-density stacking faults,acting as a dislocation source under compressive loading.The HCP phase in the eutectic microstructures,in turn,acts as a strong barrier to dislocation movement and simultaneously increases the dislocation storage capacity.These findings open a new route to tailor the microstructure and mechanical properties of RH/MEAs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52275321 and 52205348)the Shandong Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.ZR2023JQ021)+3 种基金the Taishan Scholars Foundation of Shandong Province(No.tsqn 201812128)the Innovation Scientists and Technicians Troop Projects of Henan Province(No.204200510031)the Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program(No.HITTY-20190013)supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIP)(Nos.NRF-2021R1A2C3006662 and NRF-2022R1A5A1030054).
文摘To effectively regulate the grain boundary infiltration in CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy(Cantor alloys,HEA)caused by the violent atomic interdiffusion,the higher configuration entropy on Cantor alloys surface was designed and realized via eutectic high-entropy(EHEA)transformation.Meanwhile,to effectively alleviate the residual stress caused by the notable difference in the thermal expansion coefficient(CTE)between Cantor alloys and Zr-3 alloys,a cladding layer was applied to the HEA surface using laser cladding technology of Nb,followed by brazing to Zr-3 alloys with Zr63.2Cu filler.The cladding layer’s microstructure comprised Nbss and FCC+(Co,Ni)_(2) Nb eutectic structure,resulting from an in-situ reaction between Cantor alloys and Nb.The Nbss and FCC demonstrated good plasticity,and the(Co,Ni)_(2) Nb Laves phase provided increased strength,endowing both good plastic deformation ability and strength of the cladding layer.Notably,the existence of EHEA in the laser cladding layer made the Cantor alloy entropy from 1.61 R to 1.77 R,greatly enhancing its thermal stability and suppressing the grave grain boundary infiltration.Joints produced via laser cladding with Nb-assisted brazing exhibited a complex microstructure(HEA/Nbss+FCC+(Co,Ni)_(2)Nb/(Zr,Nb)(Cr,Mn)_(2)+(Zr,Nb)ss/(Zr,Nb)_(2)(Cu,Ni,Co,Fe)+(Zr,Nb)(Cr,Mn)_(2)+(Zr,Nb)ss/Zr-3) and a significantly improved shear strength of 242.8 MPa at 1010℃ for 10 min,42.4%higher than that of directly brazed joints.This improvement was attributed to reduced grain boundary infiltration,alleviated residual stress due to CTE disparity,and eliminated micro-cracks in the brazing seam.This study presents an effective solution for reducing residual stresses and achieving reliable bonding between Cantor alloys and Zr-3 alloys,with potential applications in brazing CoCrFeNi-based HEA and Zr-3 due to the beneficial eutectic reaction between CoCrFeNi and Nb.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province,China(No.2023-JC-QN-0581)Advanced Power Specialty,China(No.YK22C-9)。
文摘The microstructure evolution and strengthening mechanism of WE54 alloy with different hard-plate rolling(HPR)processes were systematically investigated.The results suggest that the mechanical properties of the as-rolled alloys are significantly enhanced compared to those of the as-cast alloy.When subjected to three rolling passes at 450℃ and 490℃,grain refinement occurs due to dynamic recrystallization.A mixed-grain structure is formed after a single pass rolling with a substantial reduction(65%)at 490℃.The dynamic recrystallization(DRX)mechanism of the alloy during the HPR includes continuous dynamic recrystallization(CDRX),discontinuous dynamic recrystallization(DDRX),and twin-induced recrystallization(TDRX).The WE54 alloy exhibits the highest strength after three passes of HPR at 450℃,with tensile strength and yield strength of 374 and 323 MPa,respectively.The significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the alloy is primarily attributed to fine-grain strengthening,solid solution strengthening,and dislocation strengthening.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U2341254)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52071124),the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20230502)the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(No.2022ZB547).
文摘The unique structure and formation mechanism of medium-entropy alloys(MEAs)generally result in bet-ter comprehensive properties than traditional alloys.However,the strength-ductility trade-offremains a bottleneck,which limits their applications.In this study,we designed novel high-performance CrNiCu x MEAs with a heterophase composition by incorporating a Cu-rich phase,and they were fabricated using laser-directed energy deposition(LDED).The results show that synergistic strengthening from multiple phases significantly improved the mechanical properties of the alloys,resulting in a tensile strength of 675 MPa and a ductility of 34.4%,demonstrating an excellent combination of high tensile strength and ductility.The improved mechanical properties of the CrNiCu x medium-entropy alloys are primarily due to the heterophase interfacial strengthening mechanism.In the alloy,numerous semi-coherent and coher-ent interfaces formed between the Cr-rich phase,Cu-rich phase,and the matrix,creating extensive lattice distortions at the interfaces.An increase in the Cu-rich phase content promoted the interaction between phases,enhancing the strain energy of the alloy and the barrier strength of the interfaces.The calcu-latedτint values,ranging from approximately 5.92-6.69 GPa,are significantly higher than those found in traditional alloys,providing a benchmark for designing new high-performance medium-entropy alloys.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52301058 and 52271034)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M732183)+3 种基金the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZB20230399)the Key scientific and technological project in Ningbo City(No.2022Z056)supported by the Independent Research Project of State Key Laboratory of the Advanced Special Steel,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy,Shanghai University(SKLASS 2023-Z12)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.19DZ2270200).
文摘Fe-28Mn-(10-12)Al-(0.8-1.4)C(wt.%)steels were designed to investigate the influence of varying Al and C content on precipitation behavior ofκ-carbide and its contribution to the strength of high-Mn low-density steels.Results reveal that both Al and C elements promoteκ-carbide precipitation,with C having a more pronounced effect.In near-rapidly solidified 10Al steel strips,increasing C content from 0.8wt.%to 1.4wt.%raises theκ-carbide size from 9.6 nm to 38.2 nm,accompanied by volume fraction increase from 10.2vol.%to 29.8vol.%.In comparison,the average size and volume fraction ofκ-carbides in 12Al0.8C steel are only 11.4 nm and 17.8vol.%,respectively.Higher Al and C content reduces the lattice mismatch between austenite andκ-carbides,thus promoting nucleation ofκ-carbides.Notably,the increase in C content results in a greater reduction in the Gibbs free energy ofκ-carbide,leading to a stronger driving force forκ-carbide formation.Consequently,as the C content increases from 0.8wt.%to 1.4wt.%,the interaction betweenκ-carbides and dislocations transforms from particle cutting to bypassing,and the maximum precipitation strengthening ofκ-carbides reaches 583 MPa.The construction of the relationship between Al and C content andκ-carbide precipitation in this study would provide valuable insights for alloy design of high-Mn steels.
基金support of the Na-tional Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA1600700)the Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.U22A20114,52322106,52192595,and 52301200)+2 种基金the Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M733573)CSNS Con-sortium on High-performance Materials of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.JZHKYPT-2021-01)the Natural Science Foun-dation of Liaoning Province(No.2023-BS-020)。
文摘Non-isothermal aging(NIA)treatments have presented significant advantages in improving the comprehensive performance and aging hardening efficiency of the 7000 series aluminum alloys,but there is no attention paid to their composites.This study takes a linear heating aging process as an example to reveal the precipitation behaviors of a 15 vol.%SiC/7085Al composite as well as its impact on mechanical properties using differential scanning calorimetry,transmission electron microscopy,small-angle neutron scattering,hardness measurements,and tensile testing.The results indicated the formation of GP(Ⅰ,Ⅱ)zones,η’andηprecipitates in sequence,leading to the hardness and strength initially increasing and then decreasing with rising NIA temperatures.The maximums were reached at 183℃,corresponding to the appearance ofη’precipitates in large quantities.Owing to the rapid temperature rise during the NIA process,the precipitates entered the coarsening and redissolution stage before they were entirely formed,resulting in reduced peak strength compared to the T6 treatment.The composite exhibited a more significant reduction in strength than the 7085Al alloy because:(i)the annihilation of vacancies suppressed the formation of GPII zones,thereby weakening their transition toη’precipitates;(ii)quenching dislocations promoted the coarsening of precipitates.An improved NIA process,incorporating both heating and cooling aging treatments,was effectively designed with the assistance of in-situ SANS technology to address this issue,which allows for achieving strength comparable to that after the T6 treatment with only 15%of the aging time consumption.This research fills the gap in investigating the NIA precipitation behaviors of aluminum matrix composites,providing guidance for the formulation of NIA schedules.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Project,Clinical Study on the Treatment of Refractory Membranous Nephropathy with the Treatment of Strengthening Spleen and Draining Dampness in Method using Single Group Target Value Method(No.2019YFC1709403)Systematic Study on the Diagnosis and Treatment Rules of Membranous Nephropathy in Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.2023YFC35033501,No.2023YFC35033503)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the 10-year therapeutic efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)using the Strengthening Spleen and Draining Dampness therapy in the management of idiopathic membranous nephropathy(IMN).METHODS:A single-center,retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with IMN who met predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Data were collected from the Department of Nephrology at Longhua Hospital,affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,between January 2007 and December 2011.Clinical parameters including 24-h urinary protein,serum albumin,serum creatinine,and estimated glomerular filtration rate(e GFR,EPI)were assessed at baseline and at 1,3,5,and 10 years of follow-up.The efficacy of the Strengthening Spleen and Draining Dampness therapy was analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance(ANOVA).Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariate proportional hazards model(Cox regression models)were employed to identify factors associated with treatment outcomes.RESULTS:A total of 265 patients were included,with a median follow-up duration of 96 months(36,122).TCM treatment significantly reduced 24-h urinary protein levels(P<0.001),and increased serum albumin levels(P<0.001),while serum creatinine remained stable(P=0.187).Remission rates at 1,3,5,and 10 years were 52.81%,69.71%,68.39%,and 72.36%,respectively,and the rates of avoiding composite outcome events at the same intervals were 98.27%,94.29%,94.19%,and 93.50%.In the subgroup receiving TCM only,remission rates were 56.67%,84.44%,76.32%,and 82.86%.For patients treated initially with Western Medicine followed by TCM,the rates were 52.83%,65.85%,67.47%and 67.75%.In the cohort of patients who received TCM as their first-line therapy,remission rates were 49.23%,62.50%,61.76%,and 69.23%.Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the duration of TCM treatment[hazard ratio(HR)=0.826,95%confidence interval(CI)(0.779,0.876),P<0.001],presence of hypertension[HR=1.912,95%CI(1.181,3.094),P=0.008],baseline serum albumin level[HR=0.930,95%CI(0.894,0.969),P<0.001],and the rate of serum albumin increase within the first year of treatment[HR=0.930,95%CI(0.909,0.957),P<0.001]were significantly associated with clinical outcomes.CONCLUSION:The Strengthening Spleen and Draining Dampness therapy demonstrated robust short-and longterm efficacy in treating IMN,with high rates of remission and renal survival over 10 years.Key factors influencing clinical remission included the duration of TCM treatment,baseline serum albumin levels,the presence of hypertension,and the rate of increase in serum albumin within the first year.These findings suggest that this TCM approach provides a viable long-term treatment option for IMN.
