Background Spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage accounts for 20% of all stroke- related sudden neurological deficits, has the highest morbidity and mortality of all stroke, and the role of surgery rema...Background Spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage accounts for 20% of all stroke- related sudden neurological deficits, has the highest morbidity and mortality of all stroke, and the role of surgery remains controversial. We undertook a prospective randomised trial to compare early surgery with initial conservative treatment for patients with intracerebral haemorrhage. Methods A parallel- group trial design was used. Early surgery combined haematoma evacuation (within 24 h of randomisation) with medical treatment. Initial conservative treatment used medical treatment, although later evacuation was allowed if necessary. We used the eight- point Glasgow outcome scale obtained by postal questionnaires sent directly to patients at 6 months follow- up as the primary outcome measure. We divided the patients into good and poor prognosis groups on the basis of their clinical status at randomisation. For the good prognosis group, a favourable outcome was defined as good recovery or moderate disability on the Glasgow outcome scale. For the poor prognosis group, a favourable outcome also included the upper level of severe disability. Analysis was by intention to treat. Findings 1033 patients from 83 centres in 27 countries were randomised to early surgery (503) or initial conservative treatment (530). At 6 months, 51 patients were lost to follow- up, and 17 were alive with unknown status. Of 468 patients randomised to early surgery, 122 (26% ) had a favourable outcome compared with 118 (24% ) of 496 randomised to initial conservative treatment (odds ratio 0.89 [95% CI 0.66- 1.19], p=0.414); absolute benefit 2.3% (- 3.2to 7.7), relative benefit 10% (- 13 to 33). Interpretation Patients with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage in neurosurgical units show no overall benefit from early surgery when compared with initial conservative treatment.展开更多
A two-stage automatic key frame selection method is proposed to enhance stitching speed and quality for UAV aerial videos. In the first stage, to reduce redundancy, the overlapping rate of the UAV aerial video sequenc...A two-stage automatic key frame selection method is proposed to enhance stitching speed and quality for UAV aerial videos. In the first stage, to reduce redundancy, the overlapping rate of the UAV aerial video sequence within the sampling period is calculated. Lagrange interpolation is used to fit the overlapping rate curve of the sequence. An empirical threshold for the overlapping rate is then applied to filter candidate key frames from the sequence. In the second stage, the principle of minimizing remapping spots is used to dynamically adjust and determine the final key frame close to the candidate key frames. Comparative experiments show that the proposed method significantly improves stitching speed and accuracy by more than 40%.展开更多
Chains are typically used for tension load transfer. They are very flexible and allow easy length adjustment by hooking at the links. Steel is the traditional material for chains. Recently, synthetic link chains made ...Chains are typically used for tension load transfer. They are very flexible and allow easy length adjustment by hooking at the links. Steel is the traditional material for chains. Recently, synthetic link chains made from ultra-strong polyethylene fibers, branded as Dyneema®, are commercially available. These chains offer a highly improved strength to weight ratio. So far, one type of such chains is available, and it has a Working Load Limit of 100 kN. 50 of such chains, containing 6 links were tested to fracture. The strength of each chain and the location of the failed link were documented during testing for later interpretation. Weibull statistics was applied in order to extrapolate towards the allowable load for very low failure risks (high reliability). Two approaches were used. One extrapolation was based on all results;the other was applied after recognition that the end links failed under a slight negative influence by the connection to the testing equipment. Thus, in fact two populations are mixed, the chains with failing end links and the chains with failing central links. So considering the population without the failing end links is more representative for pure chain behavior without clamping effects. The results from this latter consideration showed a higher Weibull exponent, thus a more realistic extrapolation behavior. Both methods indicate that the reliability at the working load limit of 100 kN is very good.展开更多
文摘Background Spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage accounts for 20% of all stroke- related sudden neurological deficits, has the highest morbidity and mortality of all stroke, and the role of surgery remains controversial. We undertook a prospective randomised trial to compare early surgery with initial conservative treatment for patients with intracerebral haemorrhage. Methods A parallel- group trial design was used. Early surgery combined haematoma evacuation (within 24 h of randomisation) with medical treatment. Initial conservative treatment used medical treatment, although later evacuation was allowed if necessary. We used the eight- point Glasgow outcome scale obtained by postal questionnaires sent directly to patients at 6 months follow- up as the primary outcome measure. We divided the patients into good and poor prognosis groups on the basis of their clinical status at randomisation. For the good prognosis group, a favourable outcome was defined as good recovery or moderate disability on the Glasgow outcome scale. For the poor prognosis group, a favourable outcome also included the upper level of severe disability. Analysis was by intention to treat. Findings 1033 patients from 83 centres in 27 countries were randomised to early surgery (503) or initial conservative treatment (530). At 6 months, 51 patients were lost to follow- up, and 17 were alive with unknown status. Of 468 patients randomised to early surgery, 122 (26% ) had a favourable outcome compared with 118 (24% ) of 496 randomised to initial conservative treatment (odds ratio 0.89 [95% CI 0.66- 1.19], p=0.414); absolute benefit 2.3% (- 3.2to 7.7), relative benefit 10% (- 13 to 33). Interpretation Patients with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage in neurosurgical units show no overall benefit from early surgery when compared with initial conservative treatment.
文摘A two-stage automatic key frame selection method is proposed to enhance stitching speed and quality for UAV aerial videos. In the first stage, to reduce redundancy, the overlapping rate of the UAV aerial video sequence within the sampling period is calculated. Lagrange interpolation is used to fit the overlapping rate curve of the sequence. An empirical threshold for the overlapping rate is then applied to filter candidate key frames from the sequence. In the second stage, the principle of minimizing remapping spots is used to dynamically adjust and determine the final key frame close to the candidate key frames. Comparative experiments show that the proposed method significantly improves stitching speed and accuracy by more than 40%.
文摘Chains are typically used for tension load transfer. They are very flexible and allow easy length adjustment by hooking at the links. Steel is the traditional material for chains. Recently, synthetic link chains made from ultra-strong polyethylene fibers, branded as Dyneema®, are commercially available. These chains offer a highly improved strength to weight ratio. So far, one type of such chains is available, and it has a Working Load Limit of 100 kN. 50 of such chains, containing 6 links were tested to fracture. The strength of each chain and the location of the failed link were documented during testing for later interpretation. Weibull statistics was applied in order to extrapolate towards the allowable load for very low failure risks (high reliability). Two approaches were used. One extrapolation was based on all results;the other was applied after recognition that the end links failed under a slight negative influence by the connection to the testing equipment. Thus, in fact two populations are mixed, the chains with failing end links and the chains with failing central links. So considering the population without the failing end links is more representative for pure chain behavior without clamping effects. The results from this latter consideration showed a higher Weibull exponent, thus a more realistic extrapolation behavior. Both methods indicate that the reliability at the working load limit of 100 kN is very good.
