Liposomes have been widely researched as a delivery system and there have been many manufacturing techniques used in the production of liposomal preparations,the most common being extrusion method which will be introd...Liposomes have been widely researched as a delivery system and there have been many manufacturing techniques used in the production of liposomal preparations,the most common being extrusion method which will be introduced in this paper.However because of the unique properties of liposomes and their susceptibility to chemical and physical degradation,sterilisation remains an unresolved issue in the manufacturing of liposomebased formulations.It is especially pertinent in the pharmaceutical industry where liposomes are commonly prepared for intravenous administration.Currently,filtration and aseptic manufacturing are recommended for the preparation of sterile liposomal products.Newer aseptic manufacturing techniques such as dense gas techniques have been devised to eliminate the need for terminal sterilisation.This paper will highlight the limitations of the conventional techniques that are specific to the liposome preparation under the respective sterilisation conditions specified by the 2011 British Pharmacopoeia to achieve 106 Sterility Assurance Level,as well as modifications incorporated in the newer sterilisation technologies to overcome these limitations.This paper will introduce these techniques in brief,including their advantages and limitations.展开更多
Objectives: There is a risk of spreading infectious material via non-sterile impressions. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of autoclave sterilisation on dimensional stability and tear strength of impres...Objectives: There is a risk of spreading infectious material via non-sterile impressions. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of autoclave sterilisation on dimensional stability and tear strength of impression materials. Methods: Twenty-four specimens were produced using a standard ruled test block for each of three impression materials (Affinis, Aquasil and Speedex) to test dimensional stability. Thirty tear strips for each material were prepared for the tear test (ISO 34-1). Specimens were randomly allocated to 3 different groups (autoclaved, disinfected or untreated). A non-contact scanner was used to analyse dimensional change and a universal testing machine was used to determine tear strengths. Results: There were no significant differences in the test dimensions measured for any of the three impression materials following autoclave treatment compared to the disinfected or untreated control groups. The tear strengths were not adversely affected by autoclave sterilisation at 134°C. Conclusion: These addition and condensation-cured silicone impression materials can be steam autoclaved without adverse effects on dimensional accuracy or tear strength.展开更多
Surface mining operations play a crucial role in meeting the world’s increasing demand for mineral resources for the advancement of technology and debauched expansion of economies. The search for and exploitation of ...Surface mining operations play a crucial role in meeting the world’s increasing demand for mineral resources for the advancement of technology and debauched expansion of economies. The search for and exploitation of these mineral resources are therefore important for the sustainability of the mineral extraction industry. To this end, efficient mine planning must incorporate sterilisation drilling and effective waste rock management principles in the search and exploitation of these minerals. In this article, sterilisation drilling is being reviewed vis-a-vis the establishment of waste and tailings dump locations, backfilling of open pit excavations and mine closure giving critical attention to the minerals and mining laws of Ghana. Subsequently, a detailed case study of a surface mining operation that successfully incorporated sterilisation drilling in determining waste dump location in its mine planning process has been presented in this study. The findings indicate that the proposed waste dump location could present a potential mining prospect in the future based on enhanced milling capacity/technology and improved mineral commodity price;underscoring the significance of sterilization drilling in the sustainability of the mining industry.展开更多
Antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)have recently been exploited to fabricate anti-infective medical devices due to their biocompatibility and ability to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria.Modern medical devices should be th...Antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)have recently been exploited to fabricate anti-infective medical devices due to their biocompatibility and ability to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria.Modern medical devices should be thoroughly sterilised before use to avoid cross-infection and disease transmission,consequently it is essential to evaluate whether AMPs withstand the sterilisation process or not.In this study,the effect of radiation sterilisation on the structure and properties of AMPs was explored.Fourteen AMPs formed from different monomers with different topologies were synthesised by ring-opening polymerisation of N-carboxyanhydrides.The results of solubility testing showed that the star-shaped AMPs changed from water-soluble to water-insoluble after irradiation,while the solubility of linear AMPs remained unchanged.Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry showed that the molecular weight of the linear AMPs underwent minimal changes after irradiation.The results of minimum inhibitory concentration assay also illustrated that radiation sterilisation had little effect on the antibacterial properties of the linear AMPs.Therefore,radiation sterilisation may be a feasible method for the sterilisation of AMPs,which have promising commercial applications in medical devices.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to establish an analytical method for the establishment of 13 trace elements in Anshun thorn pear(Rosa roxburghii) and golden thorn pear(Rosa sterilis S. D. Shi). [Methods] Nitric...[Objectives] This study was conducted to establish an analytical method for the establishment of 13 trace elements in Anshun thorn pear(Rosa roxburghii) and golden thorn pear(Rosa sterilis S. D. Shi). [Methods] Nitric acid was used as the digestion system for microwave digestion. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) was used to determine the trace elements in thorn pear and golden thorn pear. [Results] Be, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, As, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sb and Hg were determined by ICP-MS method in thorn pear and golden thorn pear. The correlation coefficients of the regression equations of the elements were higher than 0.996; the precision RSD was lower than 2.87%; and the recovery ranged from 94.3% to 109.8%. [Conclusions] The method has the advantages of high sensitivity, good accuracy and simultaneous detection of multiple elements, and provides a reference method and theoretical basis for determining trace elements in thorn pear and golden thorn pear and other fruits.展开更多
This study was conducted using seeds in Petri dish containing agar medium in order to determine acetyl-CoA carboxylase （ACCase） herbicides resistance （R） in Avena sterilis that was grown in wheat fields at Adana p...This study was conducted using seeds in Petri dish containing agar medium in order to determine acetyl-CoA carboxylase （ACCase） herbicides resistance （R） in Avena sterilis that was grown in wheat fields at Adana province, Turkey. Seeds were collected from one large suspected field, where clodinafop-propargyl （Aryloxyphenoxypropionate “FOPs”） and pinoxaden （Phenylpyrazoline “DEN”） have been applied for many years. Susceptible （S） population was collected from the road side on the same region. Agar media of concentration 14 g/L was prepared and it was melted in microwave. Then the amount of 20 mL agar media was added into each Petri dish. Five seeds were placed on agar mediums containing discriminating dose of clodinafop and pinoxaden. Petri dishes were placed in growth incubator operating at 10 °C. After 15 d, both radicle and hypocotyl length were measured. The percentage of germinated seed and dose-response curves were determined. At these different concentration levels, there were more than 50% of R and less than 40% of S seed germinated for pinoxaden. However, for clodinafop, more than 60% of R and less than 50% of S seeds were germinated. At higher concentration levels, the populations of resistant and susceptible were not germinated for both herbicides. The resistance value of R population was then compared with that of the S biotype. From the resistance index （RI）, the population was more resistant to pinoxaden （7.43 for radicle and 2.47 for hypocotyl） than the clodinafop-propagyl （1.39 for radicle and 3.77 for hypocotyl）. The method provided a simple, quick and cost effective way to identify ACCase herbicides resistance in most grass weeds.展开更多
Superheated steam(SHS)treatment is increasingly recognised as an emerging thermal sterilisation technology in food processing because of its high energy efficiency,time-saving benefits and minimal quality loss in raw ...Superheated steam(SHS)treatment is increasingly recognised as an emerging thermal sterilisation technology in food processing because of its high energy efficiency,time-saving benefits and minimal quality loss in raw materials.The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of SHS treatment as a high-temperature pretreatment approach for eliminating foodborne pathogens on the surface of pork belly and to determine its impact on nutritional quality.The SHS treatment at 180℃ and 25 kg h^(-1) for 50 s achieved sterilisation rates of 98.15%±1.70%,96.59%±1.40% and 91.30%±2.14% for Salmonella typhimurium,Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus,respectively,which were three times higher than those achieved by microwave(MIC)sterilisation(700 W,20 s).Furthermore,SHS-treated pork belly exhibited the highest moisture content and lowest cooking loss,with no significant changes in pressing loss and pH values.Compared with samples treated with MIC and blanching(99℃±1℃,2 min),those treated with SHS showed significantly lower TBARS value and protein carbonyl content,with an increasing trend in L*values.Meanwhile,SHS treatment not only preserved the tenderness of the pork belly to the greatest extent but also yielded the highest sensory score of 7.81 out of 9.These findings indicate the potential of SHS treatment in producing premium-quality pasteurised pork belly.展开更多
Baijiu is susceptible to contamination by Fe^(3+)during brewing and storage,and it is crucial to select a convenient method for the detection of Fe^(3+).In this work,we developed a one-step hydrothermal in situ green ...Baijiu is susceptible to contamination by Fe^(3+)during brewing and storage,and it is crucial to select a convenient method for the detection of Fe^(3+).In this work,we developed a one-step hydrothermal in situ green synthesis of blue fluorescent carbon dots(RS-CDs)from Rosa sterilis.A series of characterization of RS-CDs was carried out,and it was found that RS-CDs derived from biomass materials were environmentally friendly and low toxic,with an average particle size of 2.75 nm,a graphitic structure,and a surface rich in functional groups related to C,N,and O atoms.In addition,the PL of RS-CDs exhibited excitation-dependent behavior.The emission center was redshifted from 448 nm to 530 nm at excitation wavelengths ranging from 320 nm to 460 nm.After investigating the selectivity of RS-CDs for different metal ions,we found that RS-CDs had the highest quenching efficiency for Fe^(3+)and exhibited a static quenching mechanism.The LOD was 0.959μM in the linear range of 0-140μM.In addition,RS-CDs were successfully used for the detection of Fe^(3+)in four kinds of basic flavor baijiu,as well as in different containers for storage of baijiu.The study demonstrated that Rosa sterilis can be used to produce green and low-cost CDs,and the prepared RS-CDs can be conveniently,rapidly and selectively detected Fe^(3+)in the baijiu system,which is of potential application.展开更多
文摘Liposomes have been widely researched as a delivery system and there have been many manufacturing techniques used in the production of liposomal preparations,the most common being extrusion method which will be introduced in this paper.However because of the unique properties of liposomes and their susceptibility to chemical and physical degradation,sterilisation remains an unresolved issue in the manufacturing of liposomebased formulations.It is especially pertinent in the pharmaceutical industry where liposomes are commonly prepared for intravenous administration.Currently,filtration and aseptic manufacturing are recommended for the preparation of sterile liposomal products.Newer aseptic manufacturing techniques such as dense gas techniques have been devised to eliminate the need for terminal sterilisation.This paper will highlight the limitations of the conventional techniques that are specific to the liposome preparation under the respective sterilisation conditions specified by the 2011 British Pharmacopoeia to achieve 106 Sterility Assurance Level,as well as modifications incorporated in the newer sterilisation technologies to overcome these limitations.This paper will introduce these techniques in brief,including their advantages and limitations.
文摘Objectives: There is a risk of spreading infectious material via non-sterile impressions. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of autoclave sterilisation on dimensional stability and tear strength of impression materials. Methods: Twenty-four specimens were produced using a standard ruled test block for each of three impression materials (Affinis, Aquasil and Speedex) to test dimensional stability. Thirty tear strips for each material were prepared for the tear test (ISO 34-1). Specimens were randomly allocated to 3 different groups (autoclaved, disinfected or untreated). A non-contact scanner was used to analyse dimensional change and a universal testing machine was used to determine tear strengths. Results: There were no significant differences in the test dimensions measured for any of the three impression materials following autoclave treatment compared to the disinfected or untreated control groups. The tear strengths were not adversely affected by autoclave sterilisation at 134°C. Conclusion: These addition and condensation-cured silicone impression materials can be steam autoclaved without adverse effects on dimensional accuracy or tear strength.
文摘Surface mining operations play a crucial role in meeting the world’s increasing demand for mineral resources for the advancement of technology and debauched expansion of economies. The search for and exploitation of these mineral resources are therefore important for the sustainability of the mineral extraction industry. To this end, efficient mine planning must incorporate sterilisation drilling and effective waste rock management principles in the search and exploitation of these minerals. In this article, sterilisation drilling is being reviewed vis-a-vis the establishment of waste and tailings dump locations, backfilling of open pit excavations and mine closure giving critical attention to the minerals and mining laws of Ghana. Subsequently, a detailed case study of a surface mining operation that successfully incorporated sterilisation drilling in determining waste dump location in its mine planning process has been presented in this study. The findings indicate that the proposed waste dump location could present a potential mining prospect in the future based on enhanced milling capacity/technology and improved mineral commodity price;underscoring the significance of sterilization drilling in the sustainability of the mining industry.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51873213)High-Tech Research&Development Program of CAS-WEGO Group,and National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFC2101700).
文摘Antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)have recently been exploited to fabricate anti-infective medical devices due to their biocompatibility and ability to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria.Modern medical devices should be thoroughly sterilised before use to avoid cross-infection and disease transmission,consequently it is essential to evaluate whether AMPs withstand the sterilisation process or not.In this study,the effect of radiation sterilisation on the structure and properties of AMPs was explored.Fourteen AMPs formed from different monomers with different topologies were synthesised by ring-opening polymerisation of N-carboxyanhydrides.The results of solubility testing showed that the star-shaped AMPs changed from water-soluble to water-insoluble after irradiation,while the solubility of linear AMPs remained unchanged.Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry showed that the molecular weight of the linear AMPs underwent minimal changes after irradiation.The results of minimum inhibitory concentration assay also illustrated that radiation sterilisation had little effect on the antibacterial properties of the linear AMPs.Therefore,radiation sterilisation may be a feasible method for the sterilisation of AMPs,which have promising commercial applications in medical devices.
基金Supported by Anshun Science and Technology Innovation Platform Construction Project(ASKP[2017]03)
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to establish an analytical method for the establishment of 13 trace elements in Anshun thorn pear(Rosa roxburghii) and golden thorn pear(Rosa sterilis S. D. Shi). [Methods] Nitric acid was used as the digestion system for microwave digestion. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) was used to determine the trace elements in thorn pear and golden thorn pear. [Results] Be, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, As, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sb and Hg were determined by ICP-MS method in thorn pear and golden thorn pear. The correlation coefficients of the regression equations of the elements were higher than 0.996; the precision RSD was lower than 2.87%; and the recovery ranged from 94.3% to 109.8%. [Conclusions] The method has the advantages of high sensitivity, good accuracy and simultaneous detection of multiple elements, and provides a reference method and theoretical basis for determining trace elements in thorn pear and golden thorn pear and other fruits.
文摘This study was conducted using seeds in Petri dish containing agar medium in order to determine acetyl-CoA carboxylase （ACCase） herbicides resistance （R） in Avena sterilis that was grown in wheat fields at Adana province, Turkey. Seeds were collected from one large suspected field, where clodinafop-propargyl （Aryloxyphenoxypropionate “FOPs”） and pinoxaden （Phenylpyrazoline “DEN”） have been applied for many years. Susceptible （S） population was collected from the road side on the same region. Agar media of concentration 14 g/L was prepared and it was melted in microwave. Then the amount of 20 mL agar media was added into each Petri dish. Five seeds were placed on agar mediums containing discriminating dose of clodinafop and pinoxaden. Petri dishes were placed in growth incubator operating at 10 °C. After 15 d, both radicle and hypocotyl length were measured. The percentage of germinated seed and dose-response curves were determined. At these different concentration levels, there were more than 50% of R and less than 40% of S seed germinated for pinoxaden. However, for clodinafop, more than 60% of R and less than 50% of S seeds were germinated. At higher concentration levels, the populations of resistant and susceptible were not germinated for both herbicides. The resistance value of R population was then compared with that of the S biotype. From the resistance index （RI）, the population was more resistant to pinoxaden （7.43 for radicle and 2.47 for hypocotyl） than the clodinafop-propagyl （1.39 for radicle and 3.77 for hypocotyl）. The method provided a simple, quick and cost effective way to identify ACCase herbicides resistance in most grass weeds.
基金financially supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2100305).
文摘Superheated steam(SHS)treatment is increasingly recognised as an emerging thermal sterilisation technology in food processing because of its high energy efficiency,time-saving benefits and minimal quality loss in raw materials.The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of SHS treatment as a high-temperature pretreatment approach for eliminating foodborne pathogens on the surface of pork belly and to determine its impact on nutritional quality.The SHS treatment at 180℃ and 25 kg h^(-1) for 50 s achieved sterilisation rates of 98.15%±1.70%,96.59%±1.40% and 91.30%±2.14% for Salmonella typhimurium,Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus,respectively,which were three times higher than those achieved by microwave(MIC)sterilisation(700 W,20 s).Furthermore,SHS-treated pork belly exhibited the highest moisture content and lowest cooking loss,with no significant changes in pressing loss and pH values.Compared with samples treated with MIC and blanching(99℃±1℃,2 min),those treated with SHS showed significantly lower TBARS value and protein carbonyl content,with an increasing trend in L*values.Meanwhile,SHS treatment not only preserved the tenderness of the pork belly to the greatest extent but also yielded the highest sensory score of 7.81 out of 9.These findings indicate the potential of SHS treatment in producing premium-quality pasteurised pork belly.
基金The support of the current project was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32060534 and 32360571)Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program(Natural Science)(Grant No.ZK[2023]118,166)+5 种基金Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Support Project(Grant No.[2023]343)Guizhou Provincial Department of Information Industry Project(Grant No.[2020]198)Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Guizhou Province(Qianke Zhongyindi[2019]4019)General horizontal project(Grant No.K22-0115-014,Qianrenlingfa[2020]8)Guizhou University Natural Science Special Scientific Research Fund Project(X2021327)Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program(Natural Science)(Grant No.ZK[2024]Major Project 016).
文摘Baijiu is susceptible to contamination by Fe^(3+)during brewing and storage,and it is crucial to select a convenient method for the detection of Fe^(3+).In this work,we developed a one-step hydrothermal in situ green synthesis of blue fluorescent carbon dots(RS-CDs)from Rosa sterilis.A series of characterization of RS-CDs was carried out,and it was found that RS-CDs derived from biomass materials were environmentally friendly and low toxic,with an average particle size of 2.75 nm,a graphitic structure,and a surface rich in functional groups related to C,N,and O atoms.In addition,the PL of RS-CDs exhibited excitation-dependent behavior.The emission center was redshifted from 448 nm to 530 nm at excitation wavelengths ranging from 320 nm to 460 nm.After investigating the selectivity of RS-CDs for different metal ions,we found that RS-CDs had the highest quenching efficiency for Fe^(3+)and exhibited a static quenching mechanism.The LOD was 0.959μM in the linear range of 0-140μM.In addition,RS-CDs were successfully used for the detection of Fe^(3+)in four kinds of basic flavor baijiu,as well as in different containers for storage of baijiu.The study demonstrated that Rosa sterilis can be used to produce green and low-cost CDs,and the prepared RS-CDs can be conveniently,rapidly and selectively detected Fe^(3+)in the baijiu system,which is of potential application.
