Stadiums have been one of China’s most well-known and influential foreign aid projects that attract considerable attention.After 2000,a series of reforms in China’s foreign aid generated significant influences on th...Stadiums have been one of China’s most well-known and influential foreign aid projects that attract considerable attention.After 2000,a series of reforms in China’s foreign aid generated significant influences on the designs of China’s foreign-aided buildings,especially on large constructions such as stadiums.The authors aim to explore the development of China’s foreign-aided stadiums after 2000 and analyze the influential aspects on the design processes.Critical regionalism for ingratiation is identified as the main architectural feature.The study is conducted through a detailed analysis of the foreign aid mechanism,case projects,first-hand materials,and interviews with Chinese architects involved.The authors consider these stadiums to represent a unique critical regionalism with cultural and climate elements embedded.It can be regarded as a considerable supplement to the current scholarship on Chinese contemporary architecture and Chinese sports buildings.展开更多
Based on the installation of the roof membrane of Lusail Stadium which is the main stadium of Qatar World Cup in 2022, a series of key technical challenges in the design and construction of the roof PTFE membrane of l...Based on the installation of the roof membrane of Lusail Stadium which is the main stadium of Qatar World Cup in 2022, a series of key technical challenges in the design and construction of the roof PTFE membrane of large stadiums are studied. Based on the analysis of the roof cable net system, the study formulated the overall sequence of membrane installation, and defined the construction method of membrane lifting and unfolding. Focusing on membrane fixing techniques with the tension rings, compression rings, and horizontal cable nodes, it also optimized membrane connection methods with arch and horizontal cable, and provided waterproof construction methods. According to the findings, the construction of stadium roof membranes should follow a logical sequence. The membranes’ fixing, connection and waterproof construction will have an important impact on the final quality.展开更多
China National Stadium,also known as "Bird's Nest",is the main stadium of the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008,which has successfully held not only the Opening and the Closing ceremonies but also th...China National Stadium,also known as "Bird's Nest",is the main stadium of the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008,which has successfully held not only the Opening and the Closing ceremonies but also the track and field events.A new problem of rain preventing is brought out to improve the utilization of the Bird's Nest after the Olympic Games.The scheme of installing an air inflated membrane at the opening of the steel structure is proposed in this paper to solve the rainproof problem of the Bird's Nest.The form-finding and mechanical analyses of the air inflated membrane are carried out.Comparison between the mechanical performance and dynamical character before and after installing the air inflated membrane structure is given.To verify the analysis results,based on the practical structure of the Bird's Nest,a test of a 1:20 model membrane is worked out.展开更多
In this study, we developed a new computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model called Airflow Analyst that deepens the affinity between CFD and geographic information system (GIS). First, a precise simulation of the surfa...In this study, we developed a new computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model called Airflow Analyst that deepens the affinity between CFD and geographic information system (GIS). First, a precise simulation of the surface-mounted cube was conducted. Validation testing based on the obtained data confirmed the predictive accuracy of Airflow Analyst. Second, New National Stadium Japan (Tokyo Olympic Stadium) was accurately reproduced in a computer, capturing the latest detailed urban area data for the base. For the target of the constructed 3D models, simulations with a large number of grid points/cells (CFD) were conducted. These simulations reproduced the complex turbulent flow fields both inside and outside the stadium. The experiment successfully reproduced the CFD simulation using a large number of grid points/cells, where the conditions of the wind flow ventilation from the sky were similar to those of the intended stadium design.展开更多
为了缓解我国北方冬季季节性供气紧张的状况,中国海洋石油集团有限公司已经连续3年实施并扩展“南气北送”工程。为此,对该工程所形成的独具特色、反映“深耕”南方沿海市场用气技术特征的I-STADIUMS管输技术体系进行了总结。研究结果表...为了缓解我国北方冬季季节性供气紧张的状况,中国海洋石油集团有限公司已经连续3年实施并扩展“南气北送”工程。为此,对该工程所形成的独具特色、反映“深耕”南方沿海市场用气技术特征的I-STADIUMS管输技术体系进行了总结。研究结果表明:①I-STADIUMS管输技术体系包括智能化(Intelligence)、小时调峰(Peak-Shaving)、组分跟踪(Quality-Tracking)、混输调质(Calorific Value Adjusting)、优化调度(Dispatching)、完整性技术(Integrity Tech)、设施第三方开放(Unbundling)、能量计量(Energy Metering)及可靠性保障(Reliability-Safeguard)共9个子体系;②I-STADIUMS充分研究并反映了粤港澳地区燃气电厂负荷占比高、小时调峰幅度大、气质稳定性要求高、不同设施主体合同用气量分配要求差异大、贸易计量方式差异大、设施开放运行、可靠性要求高等客观技术问题;③基于“资源调配优化”“管网流向优化”两项应用需求,I-STADIUMS良好地指导和优化了“产能释放”“解瓶颈”“互联互通”三类工程实践;④通过整合资源、基础设施并重组技术能力,I-STADIUMS支撑“南气北送”工程在地理范围、气量规模、外输方式、商业模式上均不断扩大、提升和创新。结论认为,该管输技术体系为因地制宜地完善我国天然气产供储销体系做出了重要贡献。展开更多
Public stadiums is the hardware foundation for the development of sports enterprise, the operating status and the degree of perfection of public stadiums in a country or a region, not only reflects the level of develo...Public stadiums is the hardware foundation for the development of sports enterprise, the operating status and the degree of perfection of public stadiums in a country or a region, not only reflects the level of development of sports of the countries in the region, but also it is an important symbol of modernization. However, the operation and management problems of public sports venues, are still worldwide problem, and stadiums in China face the same problem.展开更多
IT is Saturday afternodn and a motorcade snakes its way along the Chinese-built Thika Super Highway to Moi International Sports Center, Kasarani in Nalrobi, Kenya. But the 100-plus vips and family are not headed to...IT is Saturday afternodn and a motorcade snakes its way along the Chinese-built Thika Super Highway to Moi International Sports Center, Kasarani in Nalrobi, Kenya. But the 100-plus vips and family are not headed to the stadium to watch sports. They are on their way to celebrate the wedding of Brian Jones and Annet Wanjiru.展开更多
Foreign aid is a form of international relationship between countries.Building projects are a major form of foreign aid.In the past 60 years,China has constructed over 1400 buildings in the developing world,and many o...Foreign aid is a form of international relationship between countries.Building projects are a major form of foreign aid.In the past 60 years,China has constructed over 1400 buildings in the developing world,and many of them are stadiums.This study explores how China exported its overseas-aided stadiums in the developing world and considers the importance of these buildings from an architectural perspective.Through an examination of firsthand materials,this study explains the historic vicissitude of China-aided stadium architecture,analyzes the architectural features of these buildings,and presents case studies of representative examples from each historic stage.The investigation of these buildings from three periods in the 20th and 21st centuries fills a gap in the study of Chinese architecture and modern architectural history.展开更多
This paper investigates how the dimensions and arrangements of stadium silicon nanowires(NWs)affect their absorption properties.Compared to other NWs,the structure proposed here has a simple geometry,while its absorpt...This paper investigates how the dimensions and arrangements of stadium silicon nanowires(NWs)affect their absorption properties.Compared to other NWs,the structure proposed here has a simple geometry,while its absorption rate is compa-rable to that of very complex structures.It is shown that changing the cross-section of NW from circular(or rectangular)to a stadium shape leads to change in the position and the number of absorption modes of the NW.In a special case,these modes result in the maximum absorption inside NWs.Another method used in this paper to attain broadband absorption is utiliza-tion of multiple NWs which have different geometries.However,the maximum enhancement is achieved using non-close packed NW.These structures can support more cavity modes,while NW scattering leads to broadening of the absorption spectra.All the structures are optimized using particle swarm optimizations.Using these optimized structures,it is viable to enhance the absorption by solar cells without introducing more absorbent materials.展开更多
The Turkish Football League has been the stage of a struggle between the secular‘Old Turkey’and neo-Ottomanist/Islamist‘New Turkey’.Despite having established an authoritarian regime and concentrated power in his ...The Turkish Football League has been the stage of a struggle between the secular‘Old Turkey’and neo-Ottomanist/Islamist‘New Turkey’.Despite having established an authoritarian regime and concentrated power in his hands,football stadiums are still places of resistance against and a source of anxiety for President Erdogan.Those who feel the need to protest against interference with their lifestyle by the governing Islamist party exhibit their reactions in stadiums with chants expressing their loyalty to Ataturk.In that respect,Erdogan has been particularly interested in establishing his hegemony in the sports sector,which would allow him to break one of the last bastions of resistance against his rule.For that purpose,Erdogan resorted to draconian measures to stifle the growing voices of protest while he embarked on the creation of a neo-Ottoman and conservative memory as well as inspiring the fascination of the masses by constructing new stadiums.However,one unexpected development was witnessed:the resurrection of Ataturk.展开更多
To help diplomats from Latin American and Caribbean countries deepen their understanding of Beijing and to enhance communication,the Beijing People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries organized a get-...To help diplomats from Latin American and Caribbean countries deepen their understanding of Beijing and to enhance communication,the Beijing People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries organized a get-together—Spring Blossom and Autumn Harvest — on June 29.展开更多
On March 24,the Beijing NGO Association for International Exchanges,and the World Wide Fund for Nature held the Earth Hour 2018 lights-out campaign at National Stadium(Birds Nest)in Beijing.More than 260 people attend...On March 24,the Beijing NGO Association for International Exchanges,and the World Wide Fund for Nature held the Earth Hour 2018 lights-out campaign at National Stadium(Birds Nest)in Beijing.More than 260 people attended the countdown ceremony,including Gao Shuangjin,vice-president of the association;leaders from supporting governmental units,such as the foreign affairs展开更多
I was so excited to be a volunteer for the 2025 Asian Winter Games.It was a wonderful chance to meet people from all over Asia.During the Games,I helped players find their way around the stadium.I also answered questi...I was so excited to be a volunteer for the 2025 Asian Winter Games.It was a wonderful chance to meet people from all over Asia.During the Games,I helped players find their way around the stadium.I also answered questions from visitors.Everyone was friendly,and I felt happy to help them.展开更多
基金supported by the Scientific Research Project of Tangshan Normal University(20253125062)the Social Science Fund of Hebei Province(HB23YS016)the Hebei Province Social Science Federation Fund(20230204059).
文摘Stadiums have been one of China’s most well-known and influential foreign aid projects that attract considerable attention.After 2000,a series of reforms in China’s foreign aid generated significant influences on the designs of China’s foreign-aided buildings,especially on large constructions such as stadiums.The authors aim to explore the development of China’s foreign-aided stadiums after 2000 and analyze the influential aspects on the design processes.Critical regionalism for ingratiation is identified as the main architectural feature.The study is conducted through a detailed analysis of the foreign aid mechanism,case projects,first-hand materials,and interviews with Chinese architects involved.The authors consider these stadiums to represent a unique critical regionalism with cultural and climate elements embedded.It can be regarded as a considerable supplement to the current scholarship on Chinese contemporary architecture and Chinese sports buildings.
文摘Based on the installation of the roof membrane of Lusail Stadium which is the main stadium of Qatar World Cup in 2022, a series of key technical challenges in the design and construction of the roof PTFE membrane of large stadiums are studied. Based on the analysis of the roof cable net system, the study formulated the overall sequence of membrane installation, and defined the construction method of membrane lifting and unfolding. Focusing on membrane fixing techniques with the tension rings, compression rings, and horizontal cable nodes, it also optimized membrane connection methods with arch and horizontal cable, and provided waterproof construction methods. According to the findings, the construction of stadium roof membranes should follow a logical sequence. The membranes’ fixing, connection and waterproof construction will have an important impact on the final quality.
文摘China National Stadium,also known as "Bird's Nest",is the main stadium of the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008,which has successfully held not only the Opening and the Closing ceremonies but also the track and field events.A new problem of rain preventing is brought out to improve the utilization of the Bird's Nest after the Olympic Games.The scheme of installing an air inflated membrane at the opening of the steel structure is proposed in this paper to solve the rainproof problem of the Bird's Nest.The form-finding and mechanical analyses of the air inflated membrane are carried out.Comparison between the mechanical performance and dynamical character before and after installing the air inflated membrane structure is given.To verify the analysis results,based on the practical structure of the Bird's Nest,a test of a 1:20 model membrane is worked out.
文摘In this study, we developed a new computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model called Airflow Analyst that deepens the affinity between CFD and geographic information system (GIS). First, a precise simulation of the surface-mounted cube was conducted. Validation testing based on the obtained data confirmed the predictive accuracy of Airflow Analyst. Second, New National Stadium Japan (Tokyo Olympic Stadium) was accurately reproduced in a computer, capturing the latest detailed urban area data for the base. For the target of the constructed 3D models, simulations with a large number of grid points/cells (CFD) were conducted. These simulations reproduced the complex turbulent flow fields both inside and outside the stadium. The experiment successfully reproduced the CFD simulation using a large number of grid points/cells, where the conditions of the wind flow ventilation from the sky were similar to those of the intended stadium design.
文摘为了缓解我国北方冬季季节性供气紧张的状况,中国海洋石油集团有限公司已经连续3年实施并扩展“南气北送”工程。为此,对该工程所形成的独具特色、反映“深耕”南方沿海市场用气技术特征的I-STADIUMS管输技术体系进行了总结。研究结果表明:①I-STADIUMS管输技术体系包括智能化(Intelligence)、小时调峰(Peak-Shaving)、组分跟踪(Quality-Tracking)、混输调质(Calorific Value Adjusting)、优化调度(Dispatching)、完整性技术(Integrity Tech)、设施第三方开放(Unbundling)、能量计量(Energy Metering)及可靠性保障(Reliability-Safeguard)共9个子体系;②I-STADIUMS充分研究并反映了粤港澳地区燃气电厂负荷占比高、小时调峰幅度大、气质稳定性要求高、不同设施主体合同用气量分配要求差异大、贸易计量方式差异大、设施开放运行、可靠性要求高等客观技术问题;③基于“资源调配优化”“管网流向优化”两项应用需求,I-STADIUMS良好地指导和优化了“产能释放”“解瓶颈”“互联互通”三类工程实践;④通过整合资源、基础设施并重组技术能力,I-STADIUMS支撑“南气北送”工程在地理范围、气量规模、外输方式、商业模式上均不断扩大、提升和创新。结论认为,该管输技术体系为因地制宜地完善我国天然气产供储销体系做出了重要贡献。
文摘Public stadiums is the hardware foundation for the development of sports enterprise, the operating status and the degree of perfection of public stadiums in a country or a region, not only reflects the level of development of sports of the countries in the region, but also it is an important symbol of modernization. However, the operation and management problems of public sports venues, are still worldwide problem, and stadiums in China face the same problem.
文摘IT is Saturday afternodn and a motorcade snakes its way along the Chinese-built Thika Super Highway to Moi International Sports Center, Kasarani in Nalrobi, Kenya. But the 100-plus vips and family are not headed to the stadium to watch sports. They are on their way to celebrate the wedding of Brian Jones and Annet Wanjiru.
基金the City University of Hong Kong under Project Nos.7004966 and 7005135the National Natural Science Foundation of China under No.51878584.
文摘Foreign aid is a form of international relationship between countries.Building projects are a major form of foreign aid.In the past 60 years,China has constructed over 1400 buildings in the developing world,and many of them are stadiums.This study explores how China exported its overseas-aided stadiums in the developing world and considers the importance of these buildings from an architectural perspective.Through an examination of firsthand materials,this study explains the historic vicissitude of China-aided stadium architecture,analyzes the architectural features of these buildings,and presents case studies of representative examples from each historic stage.The investigation of these buildings from three periods in the 20th and 21st centuries fills a gap in the study of Chinese architecture and modern architectural history.
文摘This paper investigates how the dimensions and arrangements of stadium silicon nanowires(NWs)affect their absorption properties.Compared to other NWs,the structure proposed here has a simple geometry,while its absorption rate is compa-rable to that of very complex structures.It is shown that changing the cross-section of NW from circular(or rectangular)to a stadium shape leads to change in the position and the number of absorption modes of the NW.In a special case,these modes result in the maximum absorption inside NWs.Another method used in this paper to attain broadband absorption is utiliza-tion of multiple NWs which have different geometries.However,the maximum enhancement is achieved using non-close packed NW.These structures can support more cavity modes,while NW scattering leads to broadening of the absorption spectra.All the structures are optimized using particle swarm optimizations.Using these optimized structures,it is viable to enhance the absorption by solar cells without introducing more absorbent materials.
文摘The Turkish Football League has been the stage of a struggle between the secular‘Old Turkey’and neo-Ottomanist/Islamist‘New Turkey’.Despite having established an authoritarian regime and concentrated power in his hands,football stadiums are still places of resistance against and a source of anxiety for President Erdogan.Those who feel the need to protest against interference with their lifestyle by the governing Islamist party exhibit their reactions in stadiums with chants expressing their loyalty to Ataturk.In that respect,Erdogan has been particularly interested in establishing his hegemony in the sports sector,which would allow him to break one of the last bastions of resistance against his rule.For that purpose,Erdogan resorted to draconian measures to stifle the growing voices of protest while he embarked on the creation of a neo-Ottoman and conservative memory as well as inspiring the fascination of the masses by constructing new stadiums.However,one unexpected development was witnessed:the resurrection of Ataturk.
文摘To help diplomats from Latin American and Caribbean countries deepen their understanding of Beijing and to enhance communication,the Beijing People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries organized a get-together—Spring Blossom and Autumn Harvest — on June 29.
文摘On March 24,the Beijing NGO Association for International Exchanges,and the World Wide Fund for Nature held the Earth Hour 2018 lights-out campaign at National Stadium(Birds Nest)in Beijing.More than 260 people attended the countdown ceremony,including Gao Shuangjin,vice-president of the association;leaders from supporting governmental units,such as the foreign affairs
文摘I was so excited to be a volunteer for the 2025 Asian Winter Games.It was a wonderful chance to meet people from all over Asia.During the Games,I helped players find their way around the stadium.I also answered questions from visitors.Everyone was friendly,and I felt happy to help them.
