Annona squamosa Linn.fruit is famous for its nutritional value with a long history of medicinal benefits due to the presence of many phytochemicals,including alkaloids,diterpenes,essential oil,phytopeptides,etc.Severa...Annona squamosa Linn.fruit is famous for its nutritional value with a long history of medicinal benefits due to the presence of many phytochemicals,including alkaloids,diterpenes,essential oil,phytopeptides,etc.Several studies envisaged that Annona squamosa possesses cytotoxic,diuretic,antiurolithiatic,antitumor,anti-psoriatic,antioxidant,and hepatoprotective properties.This plant is traditionally used for the treatment of wound infection,dysentery,seizure,tumors,fever,vomiting,parasitic infections,hypertension,thyroid,toothache,acne,heart disease,inflammation,diabetes,hair loss,dandruff,hemorrhage,maggot-infected sores,abortifacient,and cough.However,some chemical constituents isolated from the plant have shown specific toxic effects in human and animal models,such as acute oral toxic effects,genotoxic,neurotoxic,and ocular toxic.The plant has diverse pharmacological actions,the seeds of this plant possess a genotoxic effect but on the contrary,the bark of the plant shows genoprotective activity.A large number of ethnobotanical studies reported the seed of this plant is used to induce abortion in humans,but a scientific study carried out in pregnant rats reported aqueous seed extract of the plant did not interfere with reproductive performance.The presented review summarized the traditional uses,pharmacological,and toxicological activities of the isolated compounds from this plant.Additionally,some patents and commercial products related to Annona squamosa are also brought up in this article to explore its application which would attract the scientific community to search out its hidden side.展开更多
Eight new annonaceous acetogenins, squamotin A–D(1–4), annosquatin IV–V(5 and 6), muricin O(7) and squamosten B(8), together with four known ones(9–12) were isolated from the seeds of Annona squamosa. Their struct...Eight new annonaceous acetogenins, squamotin A–D(1–4), annosquatin IV–V(5 and 6), muricin O(7) and squamosten B(8), together with four known ones(9–12) were isolated from the seeds of Annona squamosa. Their structures were elucidated by chemical methods and spectral data. The inhibitory activities of compound 1–9 against three multidrug resistance cell lines were evaluated. All tested compounds showed strong cytotoxicity.展开更多
A new Annonaceous acetogenin, squamostolide (1), was isolated from the seeds of Annona squamosa. Its structure was elucidated based on spectroscopic methods and comparison with known compounds. It is the first examp...A new Annonaceous acetogenin, squamostolide (1), was isolated from the seeds of Annona squamosa. Its structure was elucidated based on spectroscopic methods and comparison with known compounds. It is the first example of Annonaceous acetogenin with each of the two ends of the aliphatic chain bearing a g-lactone. The new compound exhibited cytotoxic activity in vitro against bel-7402 and CNE2 human tumor cell lines.展开更多
Squamostatin-B (1), a new polyketide or acetogenin, has been isolated from Annona squamosa L. (Annonaceae). Its structure and relative atereochemistry were elucidated on the basis of the spectral analyses of 1 and its...Squamostatin-B (1), a new polyketide or acetogenin, has been isolated from Annona squamosa L. (Annonaceae). Its structure and relative atereochemistry were elucidated on the basis of the spectral analyses of 1 and its derivatives, the acetate (2) and mesitoate (3).展开更多
MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that play an important role in post-transcriptional gene regulation in plants and animals by targeting messenger RNAs(mRNAs)for cleavage or repressing translation ...MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that play an important role in post-transcriptional gene regulation in plants and animals by targeting messenger RNAs(mRNAs)for cleavage or repressing translation of specific mRNAs.The first miRNA identified in plants,miRNA156(miR156),targets the SQUAMOSA promoter-binding protein-like(SPL)transcription factors,which play critical roles in plant phase transition,flower and plant architecture,and fruit development.We identified multiple copies of MIR156 and SPL in the rice,Brachypodium,sorghum,maize,and foxtail millet genomes.Sequence and chromosomal synteny analysis showed that both MIR156s and SPLs are conserved across species in the grass family.Analysis of expression data of the SPLs in eleven juvenile and adult rice tissues revealed that four non-miR156-targeted genes were highly expressed and three miR156-targeted genes were only slightly expressed in all tissues/developmental stages.The remaining SPLs were highly expressed in the juvenile stage,but their expression was lower in the adult stage.It has been proposed that under strong selective pressure,non-miR156-targeted mRNA may be able to re-structure to form a miRNAresponsive element.In our analysis,some non-miR156-targeted SPLs(SPL5/8/10)had gene structure and gene expression patterns similar to those of miR156-targeted genes,suggesting that they could diversify into miR156-targeted genes.DNA methylation profiles of SPLs and MIR156s in different rice tissues showed diverse methylation patterns,and hypomethylation of non-CG sites was observed in rice endosperm.Our findings suggested that MIR156s and SPLs had different origination and evolutionary mechanisms:the SPLs appear to have resulted from vertical evolution,whereas MIR156s appear to have resulted from strong evolutionary selection on mature sequences.展开更多
<i><span style="font-family:"">Annona</span></i><span style="font-family:""> <i>muricata</i> L. and <i>Annona</i> <i>squamosa&l...<i><span style="font-family:"">Annona</span></i><span style="font-family:""> <i>muricata</i> L. and <i>Annona</i> <i>squamosa</i> L. are tropical species whose</span><span style="font-family:""> fleshy fruit is edible. They offer real possibilities for socio-economic use, particularly in the fields of medicine, nutrition, ecosystem conservation and the poverty alleviation. This study was set up to evaluate different methods of micropropagation from juvenile material for the regeneration of these species. Thus, MS medium supplemented with [BAP 2 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>] <i>i.e.</i> M2 produced 2.87 newly <span>formed shoots from the cotyledonary nodes of <i>A.</i> <i>muricata</i>. For the terminal apices of <i>A.</i> <i>squamosa</i>, it was MMS medium supplemented with [BAP 2</span> mg·L<sup>-1</sup>] <i>i.e.</i> MM2 that was most conducive to new shoot formation (3.12). The addition of 0.1 and 0.2 mg·L<sup>-1</sup> of NAA in the M2 medium, made it possi<span>ble to have the best elongations and average number of nodes for the new shoots from cotyledonary nodes of <i>A.</i> <i>muricata</i> (9.11 cm for 5.62 nodes). With <i>A.</i> <i>squamosa</i>, MM7 medium [MMS + BAP 1 mg·L<sup>-1</sup></span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:"">+ KIN 1 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>]</span><span style="font-family:""> resulted in an average length of 9.05 cm with 5.62 nodes on average for the apical shoots. A 3-day rhizogenic induction period in the dark with [IBA 50 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>] and 2 g·L<sup>-1</sup> of activated charcoal gave a rooting rate of 66.67% for shoots originating from the cotyledonary nodes of <i>A.</i> <i>squamosa</i>;while with vitroplants from cotyledonary nodes of <i>A.</i> <i>muricata</i>, a better rooting rate (83.33%) was obtained following a 5-day rhizogenic induction. After 30 days of acclimatization, the survival rate reached 83.33% for plants from the tips of <i>A.</i> <i>muricata</i>, whereas for <i>A.</i> <i>squamosa,</i> it was plants grown from cotyledonary nodes that had the same survival rate.展开更多
A novel cyclopeptide, squamin-A has been isolated from the seeds of Annona squamosa Linn.. The structure was elucidated by extensive 2D-NMR, FABMS and amino acid analysis in combination with Marfey's reagents as c...A novel cyclopeptide, squamin-A has been isolated from the seeds of Annona squamosa Linn.. The structure was elucidated by extensive 2D-NMR, FABMS and amino acid analysis in combination with Marfey's reagents as cyclo-[l-prolyl-l-(S-oxo)-methionyl-l-tyrosyl-l-glycyl-tythreonyl-l-valyl-l-alanyl-l-isoleucyl].展开更多
The research progress on pests and insecticide activity of Annona squamosa L. is summarized in the paper, including symptom, occurrence regularity and control methods. Furthermore, the comprehensive technique for cont...The research progress on pests and insecticide activity of Annona squamosa L. is summarized in the paper, including symptom, occurrence regularity and control methods. Furthermore, the comprehensive technique for controlling pests of A. squamosa in the future is preliminarily discussed.展开更多
An experiment was conducted at the Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi （KNUST） Ghana from September, 2009 to April, 20...An experiment was conducted at the Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi （KNUST） Ghana from September, 2009 to April, 2010, to determine the most appropriate drying method, as a post harvest practice, that would ensure high percentage germination ofAnnona squamosa seeds and its subsequent effect on seedling growth. The seeds were sun-dried, air-dried under shade or kept in the fresh state. Five treatments were used, namely, Freshly Sown seeds （Treatment 1, control）, Seeds Air-Dried under Shade for one day （Treatment 2）; Seeds Sun-Dried for one day （Treatment 3）; Seeds Air-Dried under Shade for three consecutive days （Treatment 4）; Seeds Sun-Dried for three consecutive days （Treatment 5）. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design （CRD） and replicated three times. Drying of Annona squamosa seeds had significant effect on earliness and number of seeds germinated. Air drying under shade and sun-drying for three consecutive days improved earliness to germination （26 days after sowing） and percent total germination but air-drying under shade had better effect on total seed germination, achieving 90% germination in 42 days after sowing. Furthermore, the prevailing ambient temperature of 30 ℃-32 ℃ enhanced germination of Annona squamosa seeds. The study concluded that for optimum germination, seeds of Annona squamosa should be either air-dried or sun-dried for three consecutive days and be incubated in an ambient temperature range of 30 ℃-32 ℃. In terms of growth, seedling growth in leaf production was better from seeds sun-dried for three consecutive days.展开更多
【目的】探讨光合细菌菌剂在不同浓度下对番荔枝果园土壤微环境及果实品质的改善效果,为番荔枝的绿色施肥提供科学依据。【方法】以‘Gefner’番荔枝为试验材料,设置了4个不同施用量的光合细菌菌剂处理,即每160 m^(2)处理区喷施300(T_(...【目的】探讨光合细菌菌剂在不同浓度下对番荔枝果园土壤微环境及果实品质的改善效果,为番荔枝的绿色施肥提供科学依据。【方法】以‘Gefner’番荔枝为试验材料,设置了4个不同施用量的光合细菌菌剂处理,即每160 m^(2)处理区喷施300(T_(1))、600(T_(2))、900(T_(3))、1200 m L(T_(4))的菌剂,同时设立喷施清水为对照(CK)处理,研究不同浓度光合细菌菌剂对果园土壤理化性质、酶活性、微生物数量及果实品质的影响。【结果】与CK相比,光合细菌菌剂的施用显著改善了番荔枝果园的土壤微环境和果实品质。在T_(3)处理下,番荔枝果园土壤的理化性质得到了显著提高,其中有机质含量、碱解氮含量、有效磷含量、速效钾含量和阳离子交换量等指标分别提升了18.06%、35.68%、20.88%、52.20%、15.65%;同时,酶活性也得到了显著增强,脲酶活性、蛋白酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性和蔗糖酶活性等分别提高了21.88%、10.93%、19.61%、23.09%;此外,土壤微生物生态得到有效调节,细菌数量和放线菌数量显著增加了50.44%、28.46%,而真菌数量则显著减少了18.73%;有效地提高果实的品质和产量,果实中的总糖含量、总酸含量、可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量等分别提高了10.10%、11.65%、6.54%、28.48%,同时果实的产量也显著提高了8.33%。【结论】光合细菌菌剂的施用对番荔枝果园的土壤理化性质和微生物生态具有显著的改善作用,能够提高土壤中细菌和放线菌的数量,降低土壤中的真菌数量,同时显著提高番荔枝的果实产量与品质。其中,T_(3)处理的光合细菌菌剂对番荔枝的综合改善效果最为明显。展开更多
The proper flowering time of rose(Rosa hybrida)is vital for the market value of this horticultural crop,but the mechanism regulating this trait is largely unclear.Here,we found that the transcription factor SQUAMOSA P...The proper flowering time of rose(Rosa hybrida)is vital for the market value of this horticultural crop,but the mechanism regulating this trait is largely unclear.Here,we found that the transcription factor SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE4(RhSPL4)positively regulates flowering time in rose.Transient silencing or overexpression transgenic rose plants of RhSPL4 exhibited delayed or early flowering,respectively.Analysis of transcriptome data from transgenic lines overexpressing RhSPL4 compared to the wild type indicated that differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in the circadian rhythm pathway.Among the proteins encoded by these genes,RhSPL4 binds to the promoter of PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 5-LIKE(RhPRR5L),as revealed in yeast one-hybrid,dual-Luciferase/Renilla luciferase reporter,chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR and electrophoretic mobility shift assay.Furthermore,RhSPL4 specifically binds to the478 to441 bp region of the RhPRR5L promoter and activates its transcription.The silencing of RhPRR5L delayed flowering time in rose,resembling the phenotype of RhSPL4-silenced plants.Together,these results indicate that the RhSPL4-RhPRR5L module positively regulates flowering time in rose,laying the foundation for the genetic improvement of flowering time in this important horticultural crop.展开更多
The MADS-box genes encode a large family of transcription factors having diverse roles in plant development. The SQUAMOSA （SQUA）/APETALA1 （AP1）/FRUITFULL （FUL） subfamily genes are essential regulators of floral ...The MADS-box genes encode a large family of transcription factors having diverse roles in plant development. The SQUAMOSA （SQUA）/APETALA1 （AP1）/FRUITFULL （FUL） subfamily genes are essential regulators of floral transition and floral organ identity. Here we cloned two MADS-box genes, GhMADS22 and GhMADS23, belonging to the SQUA/AP1/FUL subgroup from Gossypium hirsutum L. Phylogenetic analysis and sequence alignment showed that GhMAD$22 and GhMADS23 belonged to the euFUL and euAP1 subclades, respectively. The two genes both had eight exons and seven introns from the start codon to the stop codon according to the alignment between the obtained cDNA sequence and the Gossypium raimondii L. genome sequence. Expression profile analysis showed that GhMADS22 and GhMADS23 were highly expressed in developing shoot apices, bracts, and sepals. Gibberellic acid promoted GhMADS22 and GhMADS23 expression in the shoot apex. Transgenic Arabidopsis lines overexpressing 35S：：GhMADS22 had abnormal flowers and bolted earlier than wild type under long-day conditions （16 h light/8 h dark）. Moreover, GhMADS22 over- expression delayed floral organ senescence and abscission and it could also respond to abscisic acid. In summary, GhMADS22 may have functions in promoting flowering, improving resistance and delaying senescence for cotton and thus it may be a candidate target for promoting early-maturation in cotton breeding.展开更多
Wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） is one of the most important crops in the world. Squamosa-promoter binding protein （SBP）-box genes play a critical role in regulating flower and fruit development. In this study, 10 no...Wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） is one of the most important crops in the world. Squamosa-promoter binding protein （SBP）-box genes play a critical role in regulating flower and fruit development. In this study, 10 novel SBP-box genes （TaSPL genes） were isolated from wheat （（Triticum aestivum L.） cultivar Yanzhan 4110）. Phylogenetic analysis classified the TaSPL genes into five groups （G1-G5）. The motif combinations and expression patterns of the TaSPL genes varied among the five groups with each having own distinctive characteristics： TaSPL20/21 in G1 and TaSPL17 in G2 mainly expressed in the shoot apical meristem and the young ear, and their expression levels responded to development of the ear; TaSPL6/15 belonging to G3 were upregulated and TaSPL1/23 in G4 were downregulated during grain development; the gene in G5 （TaSPL3） expressed constitutively. Thus, the consistency of the phylogenetic analysis, motif compositions, and expression patterns of the TaSPL genes revealed specific gene structures and functions. On the other hand, the diverse gene structures and different expression patterns suggested that wheat SBP-box genes have a wide range of functions. The results also suggest a potential role for wheat SBP-box genes in ear development. This study provides a significant beginning of functional analysis of SBP-box genes in wheat.展开更多
文摘Annona squamosa Linn.fruit is famous for its nutritional value with a long history of medicinal benefits due to the presence of many phytochemicals,including alkaloids,diterpenes,essential oil,phytopeptides,etc.Several studies envisaged that Annona squamosa possesses cytotoxic,diuretic,antiurolithiatic,antitumor,anti-psoriatic,antioxidant,and hepatoprotective properties.This plant is traditionally used for the treatment of wound infection,dysentery,seizure,tumors,fever,vomiting,parasitic infections,hypertension,thyroid,toothache,acne,heart disease,inflammation,diabetes,hair loss,dandruff,hemorrhage,maggot-infected sores,abortifacient,and cough.However,some chemical constituents isolated from the plant have shown specific toxic effects in human and animal models,such as acute oral toxic effects,genotoxic,neurotoxic,and ocular toxic.The plant has diverse pharmacological actions,the seeds of this plant possess a genotoxic effect but on the contrary,the bark of the plant shows genoprotective activity.A large number of ethnobotanical studies reported the seed of this plant is used to induce abortion in humans,but a scientific study carried out in pregnant rats reported aqueous seed extract of the plant did not interfere with reproductive performance.The presented review summarized the traditional uses,pharmacological,and toxicological activities of the isolated compounds from this plant.Additionally,some patents and commercial products related to Annona squamosa are also brought up in this article to explore its application which would attract the scientific community to search out its hidden side.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81573577,81274057 and 81403082)
文摘Eight new annonaceous acetogenins, squamotin A–D(1–4), annosquatin IV–V(5 and 6), muricin O(7) and squamosten B(8), together with four known ones(9–12) were isolated from the seeds of Annona squamosa. Their structures were elucidated by chemical methods and spectral data. The inhibitory activities of compound 1–9 against three multidrug resistance cell lines were evaluated. All tested compounds showed strong cytotoxicity.
文摘A new Annonaceous acetogenin, squamostolide (1), was isolated from the seeds of Annona squamosa. Its structure was elucidated based on spectroscopic methods and comparison with known compounds. It is the first example of Annonaceous acetogenin with each of the two ends of the aliphatic chain bearing a g-lactone. The new compound exhibited cytotoxic activity in vitro against bel-7402 and CNE2 human tumor cell lines.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Squamostatin-B (1), a new polyketide or acetogenin, has been isolated from Annona squamosa L. (Annonaceae). Its structure and relative atereochemistry were elucidated on the basis of the spectral analyses of 1 and its derivatives, the acetate (2) and mesitoate (3).
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31901515).
文摘MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that play an important role in post-transcriptional gene regulation in plants and animals by targeting messenger RNAs(mRNAs)for cleavage or repressing translation of specific mRNAs.The first miRNA identified in plants,miRNA156(miR156),targets the SQUAMOSA promoter-binding protein-like(SPL)transcription factors,which play critical roles in plant phase transition,flower and plant architecture,and fruit development.We identified multiple copies of MIR156 and SPL in the rice,Brachypodium,sorghum,maize,and foxtail millet genomes.Sequence and chromosomal synteny analysis showed that both MIR156s and SPLs are conserved across species in the grass family.Analysis of expression data of the SPLs in eleven juvenile and adult rice tissues revealed that four non-miR156-targeted genes were highly expressed and three miR156-targeted genes were only slightly expressed in all tissues/developmental stages.The remaining SPLs were highly expressed in the juvenile stage,but their expression was lower in the adult stage.It has been proposed that under strong selective pressure,non-miR156-targeted mRNA may be able to re-structure to form a miRNAresponsive element.In our analysis,some non-miR156-targeted SPLs(SPL5/8/10)had gene structure and gene expression patterns similar to those of miR156-targeted genes,suggesting that they could diversify into miR156-targeted genes.DNA methylation profiles of SPLs and MIR156s in different rice tissues showed diverse methylation patterns,and hypomethylation of non-CG sites was observed in rice endosperm.Our findings suggested that MIR156s and SPLs had different origination and evolutionary mechanisms:the SPLs appear to have resulted from vertical evolution,whereas MIR156s appear to have resulted from strong evolutionary selection on mature sequences.
文摘<i><span style="font-family:"">Annona</span></i><span style="font-family:""> <i>muricata</i> L. and <i>Annona</i> <i>squamosa</i> L. are tropical species whose</span><span style="font-family:""> fleshy fruit is edible. They offer real possibilities for socio-economic use, particularly in the fields of medicine, nutrition, ecosystem conservation and the poverty alleviation. This study was set up to evaluate different methods of micropropagation from juvenile material for the regeneration of these species. Thus, MS medium supplemented with [BAP 2 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>] <i>i.e.</i> M2 produced 2.87 newly <span>formed shoots from the cotyledonary nodes of <i>A.</i> <i>muricata</i>. For the terminal apices of <i>A.</i> <i>squamosa</i>, it was MMS medium supplemented with [BAP 2</span> mg·L<sup>-1</sup>] <i>i.e.</i> MM2 that was most conducive to new shoot formation (3.12). The addition of 0.1 and 0.2 mg·L<sup>-1</sup> of NAA in the M2 medium, made it possi<span>ble to have the best elongations and average number of nodes for the new shoots from cotyledonary nodes of <i>A.</i> <i>muricata</i> (9.11 cm for 5.62 nodes). With <i>A.</i> <i>squamosa</i>, MM7 medium [MMS + BAP 1 mg·L<sup>-1</sup></span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:"">+ KIN 1 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>]</span><span style="font-family:""> resulted in an average length of 9.05 cm with 5.62 nodes on average for the apical shoots. A 3-day rhizogenic induction period in the dark with [IBA 50 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>] and 2 g·L<sup>-1</sup> of activated charcoal gave a rooting rate of 66.67% for shoots originating from the cotyledonary nodes of <i>A.</i> <i>squamosa</i>;while with vitroplants from cotyledonary nodes of <i>A.</i> <i>muricata</i>, a better rooting rate (83.33%) was obtained following a 5-day rhizogenic induction. After 30 days of acclimatization, the survival rate reached 83.33% for plants from the tips of <i>A.</i> <i>muricata</i>, whereas for <i>A.</i> <i>squamosa,</i> it was plants grown from cotyledonary nodes that had the same survival rate.
文摘A novel cyclopeptide, squamin-A has been isolated from the seeds of Annona squamosa Linn.. The structure was elucidated by extensive 2D-NMR, FABMS and amino acid analysis in combination with Marfey's reagents as cyclo-[l-prolyl-l-(S-oxo)-methionyl-l-tyrosyl-l-glycyl-tythreonyl-l-valyl-l-alanyl-l-isoleucyl].
基金Supported by Basic Research Funds for the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( No. 31201581)Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province ( No. 312033)Basic Research Funds for Central Public Research Institutes ( No. 1630062012007)
文摘The research progress on pests and insecticide activity of Annona squamosa L. is summarized in the paper, including symptom, occurrence regularity and control methods. Furthermore, the comprehensive technique for controlling pests of A. squamosa in the future is preliminarily discussed.
文摘An experiment was conducted at the Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi （KNUST） Ghana from September, 2009 to April, 2010, to determine the most appropriate drying method, as a post harvest practice, that would ensure high percentage germination ofAnnona squamosa seeds and its subsequent effect on seedling growth. The seeds were sun-dried, air-dried under shade or kept in the fresh state. Five treatments were used, namely, Freshly Sown seeds （Treatment 1, control）, Seeds Air-Dried under Shade for one day （Treatment 2）; Seeds Sun-Dried for one day （Treatment 3）; Seeds Air-Dried under Shade for three consecutive days （Treatment 4）; Seeds Sun-Dried for three consecutive days （Treatment 5）. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design （CRD） and replicated three times. Drying of Annona squamosa seeds had significant effect on earliness and number of seeds germinated. Air drying under shade and sun-drying for three consecutive days improved earliness to germination （26 days after sowing） and percent total germination but air-drying under shade had better effect on total seed germination, achieving 90% germination in 42 days after sowing. Furthermore, the prevailing ambient temperature of 30 ℃-32 ℃ enhanced germination of Annona squamosa seeds. The study concluded that for optimum germination, seeds of Annona squamosa should be either air-dried or sun-dried for three consecutive days and be incubated in an ambient temperature range of 30 ℃-32 ℃. In terms of growth, seedling growth in leaf production was better from seeds sun-dried for three consecutive days.
文摘【目的】探讨光合细菌菌剂在不同浓度下对番荔枝果园土壤微环境及果实品质的改善效果,为番荔枝的绿色施肥提供科学依据。【方法】以‘Gefner’番荔枝为试验材料,设置了4个不同施用量的光合细菌菌剂处理,即每160 m^(2)处理区喷施300(T_(1))、600(T_(2))、900(T_(3))、1200 m L(T_(4))的菌剂,同时设立喷施清水为对照(CK)处理,研究不同浓度光合细菌菌剂对果园土壤理化性质、酶活性、微生物数量及果实品质的影响。【结果】与CK相比,光合细菌菌剂的施用显著改善了番荔枝果园的土壤微环境和果实品质。在T_(3)处理下,番荔枝果园土壤的理化性质得到了显著提高,其中有机质含量、碱解氮含量、有效磷含量、速效钾含量和阳离子交换量等指标分别提升了18.06%、35.68%、20.88%、52.20%、15.65%;同时,酶活性也得到了显著增强,脲酶活性、蛋白酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性和蔗糖酶活性等分别提高了21.88%、10.93%、19.61%、23.09%;此外,土壤微生物生态得到有效调节,细菌数量和放线菌数量显著增加了50.44%、28.46%,而真菌数量则显著减少了18.73%;有效地提高果实的品质和产量,果实中的总糖含量、总酸含量、可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量等分别提高了10.10%、11.65%、6.54%、28.48%,同时果实的产量也显著提高了8.33%。【结论】光合细菌菌剂的施用对番荔枝果园的土壤理化性质和微生物生态具有显著的改善作用,能够提高土壤中细菌和放线菌的数量,降低土壤中的真菌数量,同时显著提高番荔枝的果实产量与品质。其中,T_(3)处理的光合细菌菌剂对番荔枝的综合改善效果最为明显。
基金supported by Yunnan Province Agricultural Joint Key Project(Grant No.202401BD070001-016)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32202530)+3 种基金Talent Introduction and Training Project of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.2024RCYP-09)Fundamental Research Project(Grant No.202401CF070046)Xingdian Talent support program(XDYC-QNRC-2023-0457)Yunnan Technology Innovation Center of Flower Technique.
文摘The proper flowering time of rose(Rosa hybrida)is vital for the market value of this horticultural crop,but the mechanism regulating this trait is largely unclear.Here,we found that the transcription factor SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE4(RhSPL4)positively regulates flowering time in rose.Transient silencing or overexpression transgenic rose plants of RhSPL4 exhibited delayed or early flowering,respectively.Analysis of transcriptome data from transgenic lines overexpressing RhSPL4 compared to the wild type indicated that differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in the circadian rhythm pathway.Among the proteins encoded by these genes,RhSPL4 binds to the promoter of PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 5-LIKE(RhPRR5L),as revealed in yeast one-hybrid,dual-Luciferase/Renilla luciferase reporter,chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR and electrophoretic mobility shift assay.Furthermore,RhSPL4 specifically binds to the478 to441 bp region of the RhPRR5L promoter and activates its transcription.The silencing of RhPRR5L delayed flowering time in rose,resembling the phenotype of RhSPL4-silenced plants.Together,these results indicate that the RhSPL4-RhPRR5L module positively regulates flowering time in rose,laying the foundation for the genetic improvement of flowering time in this important horticultural crop.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-18)the National Hightech R&D Program of China(no.2011AA10A102)
文摘The MADS-box genes encode a large family of transcription factors having diverse roles in plant development. The SQUAMOSA （SQUA）/APETALA1 （AP1）/FRUITFULL （FUL） subfamily genes are essential regulators of floral transition and floral organ identity. Here we cloned two MADS-box genes, GhMADS22 and GhMADS23, belonging to the SQUA/AP1/FUL subgroup from Gossypium hirsutum L. Phylogenetic analysis and sequence alignment showed that GhMAD$22 and GhMADS23 belonged to the euFUL and euAP1 subclades, respectively. The two genes both had eight exons and seven introns from the start codon to the stop codon according to the alignment between the obtained cDNA sequence and the Gossypium raimondii L. genome sequence. Expression profile analysis showed that GhMADS22 and GhMADS23 were highly expressed in developing shoot apices, bracts, and sepals. Gibberellic acid promoted GhMADS22 and GhMADS23 expression in the shoot apex. Transgenic Arabidopsis lines overexpressing 35S：：GhMADS22 had abnormal flowers and bolted earlier than wild type under long-day conditions （16 h light/8 h dark）. Moreover, GhMADS22 over- expression delayed floral organ senescence and abscission and it could also respond to abscisic acid. In summary, GhMADS22 may have functions in promoting flowering, improving resistance and delaying senescence for cotton and thus it may be a candidate target for promoting early-maturation in cotton breeding.
基金supported by the National High-tech R&D Program (2011AA100501)the National Basic Research Program of China (2010CB951501)
文摘Wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） is one of the most important crops in the world. Squamosa-promoter binding protein （SBP）-box genes play a critical role in regulating flower and fruit development. In this study, 10 novel SBP-box genes （TaSPL genes） were isolated from wheat （（Triticum aestivum L.） cultivar Yanzhan 4110）. Phylogenetic analysis classified the TaSPL genes into five groups （G1-G5）. The motif combinations and expression patterns of the TaSPL genes varied among the five groups with each having own distinctive characteristics： TaSPL20/21 in G1 and TaSPL17 in G2 mainly expressed in the shoot apical meristem and the young ear, and their expression levels responded to development of the ear; TaSPL6/15 belonging to G3 were upregulated and TaSPL1/23 in G4 were downregulated during grain development; the gene in G5 （TaSPL3） expressed constitutively. Thus, the consistency of the phylogenetic analysis, motif compositions, and expression patterns of the TaSPL genes revealed specific gene structures and functions. On the other hand, the diverse gene structures and different expression patterns suggested that wheat SBP-box genes have a wide range of functions. The results also suggest a potential role for wheat SBP-box genes in ear development. This study provides a significant beginning of functional analysis of SBP-box genes in wheat.
