The use of plants in traditional medicine is an alternative solution to address the adverse effects of conventional anti-inflammatories. This study evaluated the phytochemistry, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and toxici...The use of plants in traditional medicine is an alternative solution to address the adverse effects of conventional anti-inflammatories. This study evaluated the phytochemistry, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and toxicity activities of the hydroethanolic extracts (HE) alone and the combination of Phyllanthus niruri Linn and Sida acuta Burm. Total phenolics were quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, condensed tannin by the Butanol-HCl method, and flavonoid by the Aluminum chloride method. Gas chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was used to identify several compounds in the extracts. Anti-inflammatory activity and analgesic activity, respectively, were carried out using the paw edema method in rats and pain method induced by intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid in the animal model. Acute, and subacute oral toxicity of extracts was conducted according to OECD n˚423 for the testing of chemicals and n˚407 for testing chemical products. Screening of S. acuta and P. niruri revealed that both of them contain alkaloids, phenolic compounds, terpenes and flavonoids, but P. niruri is richer in total phenols 14.69 ± 0.22 mg GAE/g;proanthocyanidins 4.42 ± 0.01 mg CE/g;and flavonoids 264.21 ± 3.64 mg RE/g. GC-MS analysis was presented for S. acuta 13 and P. niruri 19 compounds. The compounds most represented are levoglucosan (16.01%) and neophytadiene (10.48%) for S. acuta and 2-[(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl) methyl]-4-methoxy-4-oxobutanoicacid (24%), and (3R,4R)-3-(Benzo[d][1,3] dioxol-5-ylmethyl)-4-(3,4 dimethoxybenzyl) dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (18.34%) for P. niruri. The concentration of 400 mg/kg recorded the best anti-inflammatory activity. The analgesic effect’s results showed that the hydroethanolic compound at a concentration of 800 mg/kg recorded the highest percentage inhibition (71.60% ± 5.32%) by the oral route. Toxicity results showed that the extracts alone and in combination also did not exhibit signs of toxicity. These results therefore validate the use of S. acuta and P. niruri in traditional medicine.展开更多
Objective:To determine the larvicidal and repellent activities of Sida acuta Burm.F.（Family: Malvaceae）extract against Culex quinquefasciatus,Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. Methods:Twenty five late III insta...Objective:To determine the larvicidal and repellent activities of Sida acuta Burm.F.（Family: Malvaceae）extract against Culex quinquefasciatus,Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. Methods:Twenty five late III instar larve of three mosquito species were exposed to various concentrations（15-90 mg/L） and were assayed in the laboratory by using the protocol of WHO 2005:the 24 h LC<sub>50</sub> values of the Sida acuta leaf extract was determined following Probit analysis. The repellent efficacy was determined against three mosquito species at three concentrations viz.,1.0,2.5 and 5.0 mg/cm<sup>2</sup> under the laboratory conditions.Results:Results showed varying degree of larvicidal activity of crude extract of Sida acuta against three important mosquitoes with LC<sub>50</sub> values ranging between 38 to 48 mg/L.The crude extract had strong repellent action against three species of mosquitoes as it provided 100%protection against Anopheles stephensi for 180 min followed by Aedes aegypti（150 min） and Culex quinquefasciatus（120 min）.Conclusions: From the results it can be concluded the crude extract of Sida acuta was an excellent potential for controlling Culex quinquefasciatus,Aedes aegypti and Anopleles stephensi mosquitoes.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the hepatoprotective potential of Sida cordata（Malvaceae）（S.cordata） in experimental rats to validate its traditional claim.Methods:Wister albino rats were divided into 6 groups:Croup 1 se...Objective:To investigate the hepatoprotective potential of Sida cordata（Malvaceae）（S.cordata） in experimental rats to validate its traditional claim.Methods:Wister albino rats were divided into 6 groups:Croup 1 served as control;CroupⅡserved as hepatotoxic（CCl4 treated） group; CroupⅢ,Ⅳand V served as（100,200 and 400 mg/kg b.w.） S.cordata leaf extract（SCLE） treated groups;CroupⅥserved as positive control（Silymarin） treated group.Liver marker enzymes serum glutamate oxyloacetic transaminase,serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase,pancreatic enzymatic antioxidants superoxide dismutase（SOD）,lipid peroxidation,catalase（CAT）,reduced glutathione（CSH） were measured and compared along with histopathological studies.Results: Obtained results show that the treatment with SCI.E significantly（P【0.05-【0.001） and dosedependently reduced CCl4 induced elevated serum level of hepatic enzymes.Furthermore, SCLE significantly（up to P【0.001） reduced the lipid peroxidation in the liver tissue and restored activities of defence antioxidant enzymes CSH,SOD and CAT towards normal levels,which was confirmed by the histopathological studies.Conclusions:The results of this study strongly indicate the protective effect of SCLE against CCl4 induced acute liver toxicity in rats and thereby scientifically support its traditional use.展开更多
<em>Helicobacter pylori </em>is a human pathogen that is widely distributed and known to cause peptic ulcer, gastritis and gastric cancer. Treatment is usually by combination of acid inhibitory therapy and...<em>Helicobacter pylori </em>is a human pathogen that is widely distributed and known to cause peptic ulcer, gastritis and gastric cancer. Treatment is usually by combination of acid inhibitory therapy and antibiotics because of drug resistance problems. Studies now focus on the use of medicinal plants for treatment of <em>H. pylori</em> induced ulcers because they are inexpensive and have limited side effects. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of cold water and ethanol extracts of Sida acuta leaves on <em>H. pylori</em> induced ulcer in mice. Oral administration with the aid of a feeding tube of 0.5 ml of 107 CFU/ml of <em>H. pylori</em> (Accession number LT799736) in phosphate buffer saline (pH 6.8) was used to induce ulcer in mice. Effects of various concentrations of cold water and ethanol extracts of <em>S. acuta</em> leaves on the ulcer parameters and histology examinations of stomach tissues of mice were investigated after 2 weeks of administration of extracts into the mice. Mice treated with clarithromycin served as positive control while mice administered with <em>H. pylori</em> but not treated served as negative control. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for data analysis and results were considered significant if p < 0.05. Bacterial load of stomach tissue showed significant reduction from 15.4 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/ml to 3.5 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/ml and 2.6 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/ml for cold water and ethanol extracts respectively. Reduction in ulcer severity (2.00 ± 0.10 to 0.080 ± 0.05), ulcer index (8.50 ± 1.10 to 4.26 ± 0.03) and gastric volume (1.32 ± 0.12 to 0.54 ± 0.13) were observed. Histology of stomach tissues of mice treated with extracts revealed clear granulation indicating tissue repair and wound healing. <em>S. acuta</em> extracts were observed to enhance ulcer healing in a mice model.展开更多
This work is an investigation of the aqueous corrosion inhibition of Al-Cu-Mg Alloy in acidic medium using extract of Sida acuta (wire weed) plant as corrosion inhibitor at 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% v/v of the extract. Af...This work is an investigation of the aqueous corrosion inhibition of Al-Cu-Mg Alloy in acidic medium using extract of Sida acuta (wire weed) plant as corrosion inhibitor at 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% v/v of the extract. After exposing the alloy to the medium, the results showed that the plant extract inhibited the acid induced corrosion. The presence of Sida acuta plant extract reduces corrosion rate from 0.0012 to 0.0001 MPY and percentage protection increases from 37.42% to 93.63% within a ten-day period with increase in percentage volume of the extract. The result has clearly shown that Sida acuta plant extract can be used as a corrosion inhibitor in the part of chemical plant that is made of Al-Cu-Mg Alloy where acid is used for descaling and cleaning.展开更多
The present study was undertaken to evaluate in-vitro antioxidant and anthelmintic activity of ethanolic and aqueous extract from whole plant Sida cordifolia Linn (Malvaceae). The antioxidant activities are evaluated ...The present study was undertaken to evaluate in-vitro antioxidant and anthelmintic activity of ethanolic and aqueous extract from whole plant Sida cordifolia Linn (Malvaceae). The antioxidant activities are evaluated by various antioxidant assays like α, α-Diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, total reducing power, nitric oxide scavenging and hydrogen peroxide scavenging. The various antioxidant activities were compared to standard antioxidants such as ascorbic acid. The antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract is almost quantitatively equivalent to that of the standards used, ascorbic acid. The further anthelmintic activity of whole plant is investigated through using Indian earthworm (Pheretima posthuma) showed that it is one of the most important local medicinal plants both for ritual and ethnomedical practices. Various concentrations of ethanol and aqueous extract (10, 20, 30, 40 mg/ml) of whole plant of Sida cordifolia Linn were tested in the bioassay, which involve determination of time of paralysis of the worms. Albendazole was included as reference standard. The most activity was observed with aqueous extract as compared to standard drug. The results from the above studies indicate that plant Sida cordifolia Linn. possesses potent antioxidant and anthelmintic activity.展开更多
Over centuries, Sub-Saharan Africans have been using <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sida</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">corymbosa</sp...Over centuries, Sub-Saharan Africans have been using <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sida</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">corymbosa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> leaf extract during labour with the claims that it aids and facilitates childbirth among others. This study aimed at preliminary investigating the phytochemical constituent as well as the safety. Fresh plant (leaves) specimen was harvested and identified. Aqueous </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sida</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">corymbosa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> leaf extraction was carried out and used for phytochemical evaluation and toxicity study. Thirteen (13) adult Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups of 3 animals (n = 3) each for the first phase of the toxicity study and treated with doses (10, 100 and 1000) mg/kg respectively and observed for 48 hours. Four groups consisting of 1 animal each (n = 1) were used for the second phase and treated with doses of (140, 225, 370 and 600) mg/kg respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, sterol, triterpenes and anthraquinones in the extract. The LD</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of the extract was found to be 471.17 mg/kg. The results of this study show that the aqueous leaf extract of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sida</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">corymbosa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is slightly toxic with potentials for biological activities from phytochemicals present.</span>展开更多
IGCP/SIDA 598 is the 5th karst related IGCP project sponsored by UNESCO/IUGS and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency(SIDA).It is a successor project of IGCP 299,IGCP 379,IGCP448,and IGCP 513.Its b...IGCP/SIDA 598 is the 5th karst related IGCP project sponsored by UNESCO/IUGS and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency(SIDA).It is a successor project of IGCP 299,IGCP 379,IGCP448,and IGCP 513.Its background,basic Ideas,objectives was introduced in newsletter 2011 of the project(Zhang,2011).A summary of the major past accomplishments of IGCP 598 and the previous IGCP karst projects was published in 2012 as an invited contribution to the 40th anniversary celebration of IGCP held in Paris in February 2012(Groves et al.,2012).展开更多
Sida pilosa Retz. (Malvaceae) is a medicinal plant used in Africa for the treatment of dysmenorrhea, lower abdominal pains and intestinal helminthiasis. S. pilosa aqueous extract and derived fractions were investigate...Sida pilosa Retz. (Malvaceae) is a medicinal plant used in Africa for the treatment of dysmenorrhea, lower abdominal pains and intestinal helminthiasis. S. pilosa aqueous extract and derived fractions were investigated for their bioactivity against Schistosoma mansoni. The aqueous extract from S. pilosa aerial parts (1.25 - 40 mg/mL) and derived fractions (n-hexane, DCM, EtOAc and n-BuOH: 0.25 - 8 mg/mL) were tested on adult S. mansoni maintained in a GMEN culture medium. Praziquantel was used as the reference drug. After 24 h of incubation, worms were monitored for their viability and egg output. The antioxidant activity of S. pilosa was evaluated by the ability to scavenge the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radicals. The chemical composition of the n-BuOH fraction was investigated by HPLC-MS analysis. S. pilosa aqueous extract and fractions significantly increased worm mortality in a concentration-dependent manner. The n-BuOH fraction was the most active with a LC50 of 1.25 mg/mL. Significant reduction of motor activity (25% to 100%) was recorded for surviving worms incubated in different concentrations of the extract and fractions. Incubation of S. mansoni in different concentrations of S. pilosa extract and fractions led to significant reduction of egg laying (52% to 100%). The aqueous extract and derived fractions exhibited antioxidant activity in a concentration-dependent manner. The highest antioxidant activity was found with the EtOAc fraction, followed by the DCM and n-BuOH fractions. HPLC-MS analysis of the n-butanol fraction revealed the presence of two indoloquinoline alkaloids. This study disclosed the schistosomicidal activity of the n-butanol fraction from S. pilosa aqueous extract. This activity is probably related to the indoloquinoline alkaloids identified in the fraction.展开更多
文摘The use of plants in traditional medicine is an alternative solution to address the adverse effects of conventional anti-inflammatories. This study evaluated the phytochemistry, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and toxicity activities of the hydroethanolic extracts (HE) alone and the combination of Phyllanthus niruri Linn and Sida acuta Burm. Total phenolics were quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, condensed tannin by the Butanol-HCl method, and flavonoid by the Aluminum chloride method. Gas chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was used to identify several compounds in the extracts. Anti-inflammatory activity and analgesic activity, respectively, were carried out using the paw edema method in rats and pain method induced by intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid in the animal model. Acute, and subacute oral toxicity of extracts was conducted according to OECD n˚423 for the testing of chemicals and n˚407 for testing chemical products. Screening of S. acuta and P. niruri revealed that both of them contain alkaloids, phenolic compounds, terpenes and flavonoids, but P. niruri is richer in total phenols 14.69 ± 0.22 mg GAE/g;proanthocyanidins 4.42 ± 0.01 mg CE/g;and flavonoids 264.21 ± 3.64 mg RE/g. GC-MS analysis was presented for S. acuta 13 and P. niruri 19 compounds. The compounds most represented are levoglucosan (16.01%) and neophytadiene (10.48%) for S. acuta and 2-[(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl) methyl]-4-methoxy-4-oxobutanoicacid (24%), and (3R,4R)-3-(Benzo[d][1,3] dioxol-5-ylmethyl)-4-(3,4 dimethoxybenzyl) dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (18.34%) for P. niruri. The concentration of 400 mg/kg recorded the best anti-inflammatory activity. The analgesic effect’s results showed that the hydroethanolic compound at a concentration of 800 mg/kg recorded the highest percentage inhibition (71.60% ± 5.32%) by the oral route. Toxicity results showed that the extracts alone and in combination also did not exhibit signs of toxicity. These results therefore validate the use of S. acuta and P. niruri in traditional medicine.
文摘Objective:To determine the larvicidal and repellent activities of Sida acuta Burm.F.（Family: Malvaceae）extract against Culex quinquefasciatus,Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. Methods:Twenty five late III instar larve of three mosquito species were exposed to various concentrations（15-90 mg/L） and were assayed in the laboratory by using the protocol of WHO 2005:the 24 h LC<sub>50</sub> values of the Sida acuta leaf extract was determined following Probit analysis. The repellent efficacy was determined against three mosquito species at three concentrations viz.,1.0,2.5 and 5.0 mg/cm<sup>2</sup> under the laboratory conditions.Results:Results showed varying degree of larvicidal activity of crude extract of Sida acuta against three important mosquitoes with LC<sub>50</sub> values ranging between 38 to 48 mg/L.The crude extract had strong repellent action against three species of mosquitoes as it provided 100%protection against Anopheles stephensi for 180 min followed by Aedes aegypti（150 min） and Culex quinquefasciatus（120 min）.Conclusions: From the results it can be concluded the crude extract of Sida acuta was an excellent potential for controlling Culex quinquefasciatus,Aedes aegypti and Anopleles stephensi mosquitoes.
文摘Objective:To investigate the hepatoprotective potential of Sida cordata（Malvaceae）（S.cordata） in experimental rats to validate its traditional claim.Methods:Wister albino rats were divided into 6 groups:Croup 1 served as control;CroupⅡserved as hepatotoxic（CCl4 treated） group; CroupⅢ,Ⅳand V served as（100,200 and 400 mg/kg b.w.） S.cordata leaf extract（SCLE） treated groups;CroupⅥserved as positive control（Silymarin） treated group.Liver marker enzymes serum glutamate oxyloacetic transaminase,serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase,pancreatic enzymatic antioxidants superoxide dismutase（SOD）,lipid peroxidation,catalase（CAT）,reduced glutathione（CSH） were measured and compared along with histopathological studies.Results: Obtained results show that the treatment with SCI.E significantly（P【0.05-【0.001） and dosedependently reduced CCl4 induced elevated serum level of hepatic enzymes.Furthermore, SCLE significantly（up to P【0.001） reduced the lipid peroxidation in the liver tissue and restored activities of defence antioxidant enzymes CSH,SOD and CAT towards normal levels,which was confirmed by the histopathological studies.Conclusions:The results of this study strongly indicate the protective effect of SCLE against CCl4 induced acute liver toxicity in rats and thereby scientifically support its traditional use.
文摘<em>Helicobacter pylori </em>is a human pathogen that is widely distributed and known to cause peptic ulcer, gastritis and gastric cancer. Treatment is usually by combination of acid inhibitory therapy and antibiotics because of drug resistance problems. Studies now focus on the use of medicinal plants for treatment of <em>H. pylori</em> induced ulcers because they are inexpensive and have limited side effects. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of cold water and ethanol extracts of Sida acuta leaves on <em>H. pylori</em> induced ulcer in mice. Oral administration with the aid of a feeding tube of 0.5 ml of 107 CFU/ml of <em>H. pylori</em> (Accession number LT799736) in phosphate buffer saline (pH 6.8) was used to induce ulcer in mice. Effects of various concentrations of cold water and ethanol extracts of <em>S. acuta</em> leaves on the ulcer parameters and histology examinations of stomach tissues of mice were investigated after 2 weeks of administration of extracts into the mice. Mice treated with clarithromycin served as positive control while mice administered with <em>H. pylori</em> but not treated served as negative control. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for data analysis and results were considered significant if p < 0.05. Bacterial load of stomach tissue showed significant reduction from 15.4 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/ml to 3.5 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/ml and 2.6 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/ml for cold water and ethanol extracts respectively. Reduction in ulcer severity (2.00 ± 0.10 to 0.080 ± 0.05), ulcer index (8.50 ± 1.10 to 4.26 ± 0.03) and gastric volume (1.32 ± 0.12 to 0.54 ± 0.13) were observed. Histology of stomach tissues of mice treated with extracts revealed clear granulation indicating tissue repair and wound healing. <em>S. acuta</em> extracts were observed to enhance ulcer healing in a mice model.
文摘This work is an investigation of the aqueous corrosion inhibition of Al-Cu-Mg Alloy in acidic medium using extract of Sida acuta (wire weed) plant as corrosion inhibitor at 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% v/v of the extract. After exposing the alloy to the medium, the results showed that the plant extract inhibited the acid induced corrosion. The presence of Sida acuta plant extract reduces corrosion rate from 0.0012 to 0.0001 MPY and percentage protection increases from 37.42% to 93.63% within a ten-day period with increase in percentage volume of the extract. The result has clearly shown that Sida acuta plant extract can be used as a corrosion inhibitor in the part of chemical plant that is made of Al-Cu-Mg Alloy where acid is used for descaling and cleaning.
文摘The present study was undertaken to evaluate in-vitro antioxidant and anthelmintic activity of ethanolic and aqueous extract from whole plant Sida cordifolia Linn (Malvaceae). The antioxidant activities are evaluated by various antioxidant assays like α, α-Diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, total reducing power, nitric oxide scavenging and hydrogen peroxide scavenging. The various antioxidant activities were compared to standard antioxidants such as ascorbic acid. The antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract is almost quantitatively equivalent to that of the standards used, ascorbic acid. The further anthelmintic activity of whole plant is investigated through using Indian earthworm (Pheretima posthuma) showed that it is one of the most important local medicinal plants both for ritual and ethnomedical practices. Various concentrations of ethanol and aqueous extract (10, 20, 30, 40 mg/ml) of whole plant of Sida cordifolia Linn were tested in the bioassay, which involve determination of time of paralysis of the worms. Albendazole was included as reference standard. The most activity was observed with aqueous extract as compared to standard drug. The results from the above studies indicate that plant Sida cordifolia Linn. possesses potent antioxidant and anthelmintic activity.
文摘Over centuries, Sub-Saharan Africans have been using <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sida</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">corymbosa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> leaf extract during labour with the claims that it aids and facilitates childbirth among others. This study aimed at preliminary investigating the phytochemical constituent as well as the safety. Fresh plant (leaves) specimen was harvested and identified. Aqueous </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sida</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">corymbosa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> leaf extraction was carried out and used for phytochemical evaluation and toxicity study. Thirteen (13) adult Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups of 3 animals (n = 3) each for the first phase of the toxicity study and treated with doses (10, 100 and 1000) mg/kg respectively and observed for 48 hours. Four groups consisting of 1 animal each (n = 1) were used for the second phase and treated with doses of (140, 225, 370 and 600) mg/kg respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, sterol, triterpenes and anthraquinones in the extract. The LD</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of the extract was found to be 471.17 mg/kg. The results of this study show that the aqueous leaf extract of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sida</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">corymbosa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is slightly toxic with potentials for biological activities from phytochemicals present.</span>
文摘IGCP/SIDA 598 is the 5th karst related IGCP project sponsored by UNESCO/IUGS and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency(SIDA).It is a successor project of IGCP 299,IGCP 379,IGCP448,and IGCP 513.Its background,basic Ideas,objectives was introduced in newsletter 2011 of the project(Zhang,2011).A summary of the major past accomplishments of IGCP 598 and the previous IGCP karst projects was published in 2012 as an invited contribution to the 40th anniversary celebration of IGCP held in Paris in February 2012(Groves et al.,2012).
文摘Sida pilosa Retz. (Malvaceae) is a medicinal plant used in Africa for the treatment of dysmenorrhea, lower abdominal pains and intestinal helminthiasis. S. pilosa aqueous extract and derived fractions were investigated for their bioactivity against Schistosoma mansoni. The aqueous extract from S. pilosa aerial parts (1.25 - 40 mg/mL) and derived fractions (n-hexane, DCM, EtOAc and n-BuOH: 0.25 - 8 mg/mL) were tested on adult S. mansoni maintained in a GMEN culture medium. Praziquantel was used as the reference drug. After 24 h of incubation, worms were monitored for their viability and egg output. The antioxidant activity of S. pilosa was evaluated by the ability to scavenge the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radicals. The chemical composition of the n-BuOH fraction was investigated by HPLC-MS analysis. S. pilosa aqueous extract and fractions significantly increased worm mortality in a concentration-dependent manner. The n-BuOH fraction was the most active with a LC50 of 1.25 mg/mL. Significant reduction of motor activity (25% to 100%) was recorded for surviving worms incubated in different concentrations of the extract and fractions. Incubation of S. mansoni in different concentrations of S. pilosa extract and fractions led to significant reduction of egg laying (52% to 100%). The aqueous extract and derived fractions exhibited antioxidant activity in a concentration-dependent manner. The highest antioxidant activity was found with the EtOAc fraction, followed by the DCM and n-BuOH fractions. HPLC-MS analysis of the n-butanol fraction revealed the presence of two indoloquinoline alkaloids. This study disclosed the schistosomicidal activity of the n-butanol fraction from S. pilosa aqueous extract. This activity is probably related to the indoloquinoline alkaloids identified in the fraction.
