Single-cell biomechanics and electrophysiology measuring tools have transformed biological research over the last few decades,which enabling a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of cellular behavior and function....Single-cell biomechanics and electrophysiology measuring tools have transformed biological research over the last few decades,which enabling a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of cellular behavior and function.Despite their high-quality information content,these single-cell measuring techniques suffer from laborious manual processing by highly skilled workers and extremely low throughput(tens of cells per day).Recently,numerous researchers have automated the measurement of cell mechanical and electrical signals through robotic localization and control processes.While these efforts have demonstrated promising progress,critical challenges persist,including human dependency,learning complexity,in-situ measurement,and multidimensional signal acquisition.To identify key limitations and highlight emerging opportunities for innovation,in this review,we comprehensively summarize the key steps of robotic technologies in single-cell biomechanics and electrophysiology.We also discussed the prospects and challenges of robotics and automation in biological research.By bridging gaps between engineering,biology,and data science,this work aims to stimulate interdisciplinary research and accelerate the translation of robotic single-cell technologies into practical applications in the life sciences and medical fields.展开更多
BACKGROUND Median sternotomy has been considered the gold standard approach for anterior mediastinal tumor resection.However,recent advances in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and robotic-assisted thoracoscopic s...BACKGROUND Median sternotomy has been considered the gold standard approach for anterior mediastinal tumor resection.However,recent advances in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery with carbon dioxide insufflation have allowed minimally invasive approaches even for large and locally invasive tumors of the upper-anterior mediastinum.The subxiphoid robotic optical approach is a recently developed technique for accessing the mediastinum.The trans-subxiphoid technique offers excellent exposure of the surgical field,reduces postoperative pain,facilitates specimen retrieval even for large tumors,and potentially improves early surgical outcomes.AIM To evaluate the safety,feasibility,and outcomes of a robotic subxiphoid approach for the resecting of large/invasive mediastinal tumors.METHODS Between July 2024 and September 2025,12 patients underwent subxiphoid robotic mediastinal resection.The diameter of the operated lesions ranged from 30 mm to 70 mm.A 3 cm subxiphoid incision was made at the subxiphoid level for GelPort placement,allowing for optical port access.Two operating ports were placed at the sixth intercostal space bilaterally.Carbon dioxide insufflations(8-10 mmHg)enlarged the surgical field,improving visualization of critical anatomical landmarks,such as the internal mammary arteries and phrenic nerves.This approach allowed complete resection of large or invasive tumors,preserving thoracic stability and reducing the risk of postoperative myasthenic crisis.RESULTS The mean operating time was 170.2 minutes,and the median hospital stay was 3.5 days.No major postoperative complications occurred.Two conversions were necessary:One with a lateral robotic approach due to previous abdominal surgery,and one with a sternotomy for tumor invasion of the aortic arch.Histopathological analysis identified nine thymomas and one solitary fibrous tumor.CONCLUSION Subxiphoid robotic approach is a safe,effective technique for extended thymectomy,fulfilling both oncological and myasthenia gravis surgical objectives.展开更多
Laparoscopic rectal surgery has demonstrated its superiority over the open approach,however it still has some technical limitations that lead to the development of robotic platforms.Nevertheless the literature on this...Laparoscopic rectal surgery has demonstrated its superiority over the open approach,however it still has some technical limitations that lead to the development of robotic platforms.Nevertheless the literature on this topic is rapidly expanding there is still no consensus about benefits of robotic rectal cancer surgery over the laparoscopic one.For this reason a review of all the literature examining robotic surgery for rectal cancer was performed.Two reviewers independently conducted a search of electronic databases(Pub Med and EMBASE)using the key words"rectum","rectal","cancer","laparoscopy","robot".After the initial screen of 266 articles,43 papers were selected for review.A total of 3013 patients were included in the review.The most commonly performed intervention was low anterior resection(1450 patients,48.1%),followed by anterior resections(997 patients,33%),ultra-low anterior resections(393 patients,13%)and abdominoperineal resections(173 patients,5.7%).Robotic rectal surgery seems to offer potential advantages especially in low anterior resections with lower conversions rates and better preservation of the autonomic function.Quality of mesorectum and status of and circumferential resection margins are similar to those obtained with conventional laparoscopy even if robotic rectal surgery is undoubtedly associated with longer operative times.This review demonstrated that robotic rectal surgery is both safe and feasible but there is no evidence of its superiority over laparoscopy in terms of postoperative,clinical outcomes and incidence of complications.In conclusion robotic rectal surgery seems to overcome some of technical limitations of conventional laparoscopic surgery especially for tumors requiring low and ultralow anterior resections but this technical improvement seems not to provide,until now,any significant clinical advantages to the patients.展开更多
In recent years,robotic arm grasping has become a pivotal task in the field of robotics,with applications spanning from industrial automation to healthcare.The optimization of grasping strategies plays a crucial role ...In recent years,robotic arm grasping has become a pivotal task in the field of robotics,with applications spanning from industrial automation to healthcare.The optimization of grasping strategies plays a crucial role in enhancing the effectiveness,efficiency,and reliability of robotic systems.This paper presents a novel approach to optimizing robotic arm grasping strategies based on deep reinforcement learning(DRL).Through the utilization of advanced DRL algorithms,such as Q-Learning,Deep Q-Networks(DQN),Policy Gradient Methods,and Proximal Policy Optimization(PPO),the study aims to improve the performance of robotic arms in grasping objects with varying shapes,sizes,and environmental conditions.The paper provides a detailed analysis of the various deep reinforcement learning methods used for grasping strategy optimization,emphasizing the strengths and weaknesses of each algorithm.It also presents a comprehensive framework for training the DRL models,including simulation environment setup,the optimization process,and the evaluation metrics for grasping success.The results demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly enhances the accuracy and stability of the robotic arm in performing grasping tasks.The study further explores the challenges in training deep reinforcement learning models for real-time robotic applications and offers solutions for improving the efficiency and reliability of grasping strategies.展开更多
The integration of artificial intelligence(AI)into the realm of robotic urologic surgery represents a remarkable paradigm shift in the field of urology and surgical healthcare.AI,with its advanced data analysis and ma...The integration of artificial intelligence(AI)into the realm of robotic urologic surgery represents a remarkable paradigm shift in the field of urology and surgical healthcare.AI,with its advanced data analysis and machine learning capabilities,has not only expedited the evolution of robotic surgical procedures but also significantly improved diagnostic accuracy and surgical outcomes.展开更多
Dear Editor,Robotic-assisted laparoscopic varicocelectomy(RALV)has been recently described in the pediatric field[1].Although the learning curve of surgical procedures is flattened by a robotic approach[2],complicatio...Dear Editor,Robotic-assisted laparoscopic varicocelectomy(RALV)has been recently described in the pediatric field[1].Although the learning curve of surgical procedures is flattened by a robotic approach[2],complications may occur especially at the beginning of experience.We herein describe an unexpected severe case of parietal blood dripping in a boy who underwent RALV.The study was approved by the institutional review board of Federico Il University Hospital in Naples,Italy(approval number:Fll/2024-PL149).All procedures performed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution and/or national research committee.The written informed consent was obtained by his parents to agree the treatment and publish this paper.展开更多
Robotic surgery has emerged as a new frontier in liver transplantation.Given the novelty of its application to recipient procedures,a comprehensive overview is crucial.This narrative review synthesizes the fragmented,...Robotic surgery has emerged as a new frontier in liver transplantation.Given the novelty of its application to recipient procedures,a comprehensive overview is crucial.This narrative review synthesizes the fragmented,foundational data on fully robotic recipient adult living donor liver transplantation(LDLT)on the basis of an appraisal of initial case reports and preliminary comparative studies.The literature was identifiedvia PubMed.The literature demonstrates the technical feasibility and favorable safety profileof the robotic approach.A significantreduction in morbidity was observed,as evidenced by a lower comprehensive complication index,reduced blood loss and transfusion need,and a lower incidence of postoperative infections.These benefitswere reflected in significantlyshorter intensive care unit and hospital stays.While the robotic approach was associated with prolonged operative and ischemia times,the studies revealed that these approaches did not compromise outcomes,with higher 6-month recipient survival noted in the robotic group.Fully robotic recipient LDLT is a groundbreaking technique,although the current evidence consists of initial case reports and non-randomized comparative data from a single center.The available literature suggests a promising safety profileand significantshort-term benefits,but these preliminary findingsrequire validation through multicenter,high-level research.展开更多
As robotic surgery provides clinical benefits and increases on a global scale,it also signifies the transition from direct manual control of surgical instruments to digital connectivity and teleoperation.The digital c...As robotic surgery provides clinical benefits and increases on a global scale,it also signifies the transition from direct manual control of surgical instruments to digital connectivity and teleoperation.The digital coupling between human control inputs and surgical motion replaces the previous physical link.Robotic surgery is therefore in effect‘surgery-by-wire’,the term capturing the engineering phenomenon that has also occurred in the‘fly-by-wire’of aviation and‘drive-by-wire’of cars.This paper reviews the fundamental commonality across domains.Intrinsic to‘by-wire’control is digital processing,which generates the control signal to the effector.This processing enables a progressive spectrum of motion modulation,from precision and stability of motion,through assistance and envelope protection,to automation.Precision now manifests in all three domains.In modern aircraft and cars,higher-order assistance is commonplace,such as flight envelope protection,with analogous support in driving,as well as significant automation.In robotic surgery,such assistance and automation have not yet entered wider clinical practice,with concepts such as envelope protection requiring further definition.The digital interface combined with telecommunication has also enabled teleoperation in all domains.Therefore,motion‘by-wire’has enhanced performance across industries.A cross-domain perspective will be increasingly useful to facilitate technology transfer and catalyse progress in robotic surgery.As the pan-industry digital transformation evolves,important principles can be derived for application in robotic surgery.展开更多
Robotic distal pancreatectomy(RDP)is being increasingly used in centres with access to the robot and offers technological improvements over conventional laparoscopy.Some studies have also shown superior outcomes compa...Robotic distal pancreatectomy(RDP)is being increasingly used in centres with access to the robot and offers technological improvements over conventional laparoscopy.Some studies have also shown superior outcomes compared with laparoscopic and open approaches.However,robotic technology is not widely available currently.This review aims to compare RDP with open and laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy,covering the basics of the RDP technique and highlighting the current nuances of the evidence pertaining to RDP with respect to clinical effectiveness and cost‒benefit analysis.展开更多
1.Introduction The continuous integration of advanced technologies into medicine has brought profound changes across nearly all specialties.In urology,a field traditionally characterized by its reliance on delicate,pr...1.Introduction The continuous integration of advanced technologies into medicine has brought profound changes across nearly all specialties.In urology,a field traditionally characterized by its reliance on delicate,precision-driven procedures,the impact of innovations such as robotics,artificial intelligence(AI),telepresence,and telesurgery has been transformative.展开更多
Large language models(LLMs)have undergone significant expansion and have been increasingly integrated across various domains.Notably,in the realm of robot task planning,LLMs harness their advanced reasoning and langua...Large language models(LLMs)have undergone significant expansion and have been increasingly integrated across various domains.Notably,in the realm of robot task planning,LLMs harness their advanced reasoning and language comprehension capabilities to formulate precise and efficient action plans based on natural language instructions.However,for embodied tasks,where robots interact with complex environments,textonly LLMs often face challenges due to a lack of compatibility with robotic visual perception.This study provides a comprehensive overview of the emerging integration of LLMs and multimodal LLMs into various robotic tasks.Additionally,we propose a framework that utilizes multimodal GPT-4V to enhance embodied task planning through the combination of natural language instructions and robot visual perceptions.Our results,based on diverse datasets,indicate that GPT-4V effectively enhances robot performance in embodied tasks.This extensive survey and evaluation of LLMs and multimodal LLMs across a variety of robotic tasks enriches the understanding of LLM-centric embodied intelligence and provides forward-looking insights towards bridging the gap in Human-Robot-Environment interaction.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of the SHURUI single-port robotic surgical system for a range of major urological surgeries.Methods:In this prospective,multicenter clinical trial,we exa...Objective:This study aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of the SHURUI single-port robotic surgical system for a range of major urological surgeries.Methods:In this prospective,multicenter clinical trial,we examined the effectiveness of the SHURUI single-port robotic surgical system in urological interventions.The first 50 patients from four centers in China underwent single-port surgeries including partial nephrectomy,radical prostatectomy,partial adrenalectomy,and pyeloureteroplasty,exclusively by the SHURUI single-port robotic surgical system.The study's primary endpoints focused on the success of surgeries,defined as no deviations from planned procedures,no need for more than one port,and no re-operations within 24 h after surgery.Secondary endpoints encompassed a range of surgical metrics,functional outcomes,and patient demographic data.Clinical assessments were conducted before surgery,before discharge,and 1 month after discharge.Results:The surgical procedures were executed successfully without requiring intraoperative conversions or transfusions.Both estimated blood loss and operation durations were maintained within satisfactory limits.For each type of surgery,the mean console times and estimated blood loss were 179.8(standard deviation[SD]39.4)min and 125.6(SD 126.0)mL for radical prostatectomy,126.7(SD 47.8)min and 39.2(SD 54.4)mL for partial nephrectomy,112.6(SD 37.4)min and 20.0(SD 13.2)mL for partial adrenalectomy,and 148.0(SD 18.2)min and 18.0(SD 17.9)mL for pyeloureteroplasty,respectively.Across the cohort,17 patients experienced a total of 25 adverse events,while 10 postoperative complications,all rated as Clavien-Dindo grade I,were encountered by eight patients.All patients had shown recovery or improvement from these events before the end of this trial.Conclusion:The SHURUI single-port robotic surgical system demonstrated feasibility and safety in the performance of major urological surgeries.These initial findings highlight the system's potential,though further research and longer follow-up are required to assess long-term outcomes.展开更多
The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisciplinary interface that contributes to advancing the field...The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisciplinary interface that contributes to advancing the field of system autonomy,and pushes the engineering boundaries beyond the existing techniques.The present research adopts the experimental aspects of quantum entanglement and quantum cryptography,and integrates these established quantum capabilities into distributed robotic platforms,to explore the possibility of achieving increased autonomy for the control of multi-agent robotic systems engaged in cooperative tasks.Experimental quantum capabilities are realized by producing single photons(using spontaneous parametric down-conversion process),polarization of photons,detecting vertical and horizontal polarizations,and single photon detecting/counting.Specifically,such quantum aspects are implemented on network of classical agents,i.e.,classical aerial and ground robots/unmanned systems.With respect to classical systems for robotic applications,leveraging quantum technology is expected to lead to guaranteed security,very fast control and communication,and unparalleled quantum capabilities such as entanglement and quantum superposition that will enable novel applications.展开更多
Objectives Robotic-assisted surgery(RAS)is a minimally invasive technique practiced in multiple specialties.Standard training is essential for the acquisition of RAS skills.The cost of RAS is considered to be high,whi...Objectives Robotic-assisted surgery(RAS)is a minimally invasive technique practiced in multiple specialties.Standard training is essential for the acquisition of RAS skills.The cost of RAS is considered to be high,which makes it a burden for institutes and unaffordable for patients.This systematic literature review(SLR)focused on the various RAS training methods applied in different surgical specialties,as well as the cost elements of RAS,and was to summarize the opportunities and challenges associated with scaling up RAS.Methods An SLR was carried out based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guidelines.The PubMed,EBSCO,and Scopus databases were searched for reports from January 2018 through January 2024.Full-text reviews and research articles in the English language from Asia-Pacific countries were included.Articles that outlined training and costs associated with RAS were chosen.Results The most common training system is the da Vinci system.The simulation technique,which includes dry-lab,wet-lab,and virtual reality training,was found to be a common and important practice.The cost of RAS encompasses the installation and maintenance costs of the robotic system,the operation theatre rent,personnel cost,surgical instrument and material cost,and other miscellaneous charges.The synthesis of SLR revealed the challenges and opportunities regarding RAS training and cost.Conclusions The results of this SLR will help stakeholders such as decision-makers,influencers,and end users of RAS to understand the significance of training and cost in scaling up RAS from a managerial perspective.For any healthcare innovation to reach a vast population,cost-effectiveness and standard training are crucial.展开更多
There have been nearly 60 years since Thomas Starzl’s first liver transplant.During this period,advancements in medical technology have progressively enabled the adoption of new methods for transplantation.Among thes...There have been nearly 60 years since Thomas Starzl’s first liver transplant.During this period,advancements in medical technology have progressively enabled the adoption of new methods for transplantation.Among these innovations,robotic surgery has emerged in recent decades and is gradually being integrated into transplant medicine.Robotic hepatectomy and liver implantation represent significant advancements in the field of transplant surgery.The precision and minimally invasive nature of robotic surgery offer substantial benefits for both living donors and recipients.In living donors,robotic hepatectomy reduces postoperative pain,minimizes scarring,and accelerates recovery.For liver recipients,robotic liver implantation enhances surgical accuracy,leading to better graft positioning and vascular anastomosis.Robotic systems provide more precise and maneuverable control of instruments,allowing surgeons to perform complex procedures with greater accuracy and reduced risk to patients.This review encompasses publications on minimally invasive donor liver surgery,with a specific focus on robotic liver resection in transplantation,and aims to summarize current knowledge and the development status of robotic surgery in liver transplantation,focusing on liver resection in donors and graft implantation in recipients.展开更多
Introduction:Distal ureteral obstruction has classically been managed by ureteroneocystostomy(UNC).The feasibility and success of robotic primary ureteroureterostomy(UU)for benign obstruction appears promising with se...Introduction:Distal ureteral obstruction has classically been managed by ureteroneocystostomy(UNC).The feasibility and success of robotic primary ureteroureterostomy(UU)for benign obstruction appears promising with several benefits over UNC but is poorly studied.Robotic repair offers superior visualization and precision,allowing for minimal ureteral dissection.Here we report on our experience and short-term outcomes.Materials and Methods:We identified patients who underwent robotic distal ureteroureterostomy for benign distal ureteral obstruction at our institution from 2020–2024.Etiology,stricture length,and post-operative outcomes were recorded.All patients had renal ultrasound(US),diuretic renography,or cross-sectional imaging within 6 months of repair.Results:Seven patients underwent distal UU from 2020–2024,with one case of bilateral repair for a total of 8 anastomoses.Iatrogenic injury from hysterectomy represented 5/8 injuries.The mean time between injury and repair was 3.5 months.All defects were 1–1.5 cm in length.At follow-up imaging,there was no evidence of obstruction in any patient with a median follow-up of 10 months,including diuretic renography in 5 of 7 patients.One patient had mild hydronephrosis on their initial renal US but with normal drainage on subsequent diuretic renography.All patients reported no flank pain at follow-up.Conclusions:Robotic UU is feasible for short,benign distal ureteral obstruction in carefully selected patients.Advantages over traditional UNC include a significantly shorter catheter time,no risk of vesicoureteral reflux,no effect on bladder capacity or function,and the ability to retain the native ureteral orifice.Continued research will elucidate the long-term efficacy of this approach.展开更多
The 2025 World Robot Conference,held in Beijing from August 8 to 12,offered a vivid glimpse into the future of the global robotics industry,where breakthroughs in artificial intelligence(AI)are injecting new momentum ...The 2025 World Robot Conference,held in Beijing from August 8 to 12,offered a vivid glimpse into the future of the global robotics industry,where breakthroughs in artificial intelligence(AI)are injecting new momentum into growth.Drawing ove r 1.3 million attendees.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cardiac myxoma,a benign intracardiac tumor,is traditionally excised via conven-tional sternotomy,which is invasive and associated with longer recovery times.Minimally invasive robotic surgery has emerged as...BACKGROUND Cardiac myxoma,a benign intracardiac tumor,is traditionally excised via conven-tional sternotomy,which is invasive and associated with longer recovery times.Minimally invasive robotic surgery has emerged as a potential alternative,offe-ring reduced trauma and faster recovery.This meta-analysis compares the effi-cacy and safety of robotic surgery vs conventional sternotomy for cardiac myxo-ma excision.We hypothesized that robotic surgery would provide comparable safety outcomes with improved postoperative recovery,such as shorter hospital stays and reduced transfusion rates,despite potentially longer operative times.METHODS A systematic review was performed using EMBASE,OVID,Scopus,PubMed,Cochrane,and ScienceDirect databases to identify studies comparing robotic surgery and sternotomy for cardiac myxoma excision.Continuous outcomes were analyzed using mean differences(MDs),and categorical outcomes with odds ratios(ORs)and 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs).A random-effects model was used to pool data,accounting for study heterogeneity.RESULTS Six studies involving 425 patients(180 robotic,245 conventional)were included.Robotic surgery significantly increased cross-clamp time(MD=12.03 minutes,95%CI:2.14-21.92,P=0.02)and cardiopulmonary bypass time(MD=28.37 minutes,95%CI:11.85-44.89,P=0.001).It reduced hospital stay(MD=-1.86 days,95%CI:-2.45 to-1.27,P<0.00001)and blood transfusion requirements(OR=0.30,95%CI:0.13-0.69,P=0.007).No significant differences were observed in atrial arrhythmia(OR=0.55,95%CI:0.27-1.12)or ventilation time(MD=-1.72 hours,95%CI:-5.27 to 1.83,P=0.34).CONCLUSION Robotic surgery for cardiac myxoma excision prolongs operative times but shortens hospital stays and reduces transfusion needs,suggesting enhanced recovery without compromising safety.展开更多
Objective:To systematically investigate the research status,research hotspots,and developmental trends of robotic techniques in stroke rehabilitation through bibliometric and visualization analysis.Methods:Literature ...Objective:To systematically investigate the research status,research hotspots,and developmental trends of robotic techniques in stroke rehabilitation through bibliometric and visualization analysis.Methods:Literature published in the Web of Science from 2004 to 2024 were screened.VOSviewer,CiteSpace,R Software,Microsoft Office Excel 2021,and“bibliometric.com”were employed to conduct bibliometric analysis and network visualization.Results:A total of 3,704 documents were retrieved.Northwestern University was the most productive institution.Krebs Hermano Igo was the most prolific author.The Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation had the highest publication volume.The United States currently holds a leading position in various aspects,including the overall volume of publications,institutional contributions,author output,and funding support.Keywords such as“deep learning”“physical human-robot interaction”“wearable robotics”“mirror therapy”“telerehabilitation”“soft robotics”“augmented reality”“functional near-infrared spectroscopy,”and“impedance control”highlight the current research hotspots and frontiers.Conclusion:Rehabilitation robotics is a field with vigorous growth,progressively advancing toward intelligent,personalized,accessible,and efficient rehabilitation solutions with substantial future potential.展开更多
In complex water environments,search tasks often involve multiple Autonomous Underwater Vehicles(AUVs),and a single centralized control cannot handle the complexity and computational burden of large-scale systems.Targ...In complex water environments,search tasks often involve multiple Autonomous Underwater Vehicles(AUVs),and a single centralized control cannot handle the complexity and computational burden of large-scale systems.Target search in complex water environments has always been a major challenge in the field of underwater robots.To address this problem,this paper proposes a multi-biomimetic robot fish collaborative target search method based on Distributed Model Predictive Control(DMPC).First,we established a bionic robot fish kinematic model and a multi-biomimetic robot fish communication model;second,this paper proposed a distributed model predictive control algorithm based on the distributed search theory framework,so that the bionic robot fish can dynamically adjust their search path according to each other’s position information and search status,avoid repeated coverage or missing areas,and thus improve the search efficiency;third,we conducted simulation experiments based on DMPC,and the results showed that the proposed method has a target search success rate of more than 90%in static targets,dynamic targets,and obstacle environments.Finally,we compared this method with Centralized Model Predictive Control(CMPC)and Random Walk(RW)algorithms.The DMPC approach demonstrates significant advantages,achieving a remarkable target search success rate of 94.17%.These findings comprehensively validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed methodology.It can be seen that DMPC can effectively dispatch multiple bionic robot fish to work together to achieve efficient search of vast waters.It can significantly improve the flexibility,scalability,robustness and cooperation efficiency of the system and has broad application prospects.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China[62525301,62127811,62433019]the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZEthe financial support by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation[GZB20240797].
文摘Single-cell biomechanics and electrophysiology measuring tools have transformed biological research over the last few decades,which enabling a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of cellular behavior and function.Despite their high-quality information content,these single-cell measuring techniques suffer from laborious manual processing by highly skilled workers and extremely low throughput(tens of cells per day).Recently,numerous researchers have automated the measurement of cell mechanical and electrical signals through robotic localization and control processes.While these efforts have demonstrated promising progress,critical challenges persist,including human dependency,learning complexity,in-situ measurement,and multidimensional signal acquisition.To identify key limitations and highlight emerging opportunities for innovation,in this review,we comprehensively summarize the key steps of robotic technologies in single-cell biomechanics and electrophysiology.We also discussed the prospects and challenges of robotics and automation in biological research.By bridging gaps between engineering,biology,and data science,this work aims to stimulate interdisciplinary research and accelerate the translation of robotic single-cell technologies into practical applications in the life sciences and medical fields.
文摘BACKGROUND Median sternotomy has been considered the gold standard approach for anterior mediastinal tumor resection.However,recent advances in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery with carbon dioxide insufflation have allowed minimally invasive approaches even for large and locally invasive tumors of the upper-anterior mediastinum.The subxiphoid robotic optical approach is a recently developed technique for accessing the mediastinum.The trans-subxiphoid technique offers excellent exposure of the surgical field,reduces postoperative pain,facilitates specimen retrieval even for large tumors,and potentially improves early surgical outcomes.AIM To evaluate the safety,feasibility,and outcomes of a robotic subxiphoid approach for the resecting of large/invasive mediastinal tumors.METHODS Between July 2024 and September 2025,12 patients underwent subxiphoid robotic mediastinal resection.The diameter of the operated lesions ranged from 30 mm to 70 mm.A 3 cm subxiphoid incision was made at the subxiphoid level for GelPort placement,allowing for optical port access.Two operating ports were placed at the sixth intercostal space bilaterally.Carbon dioxide insufflations(8-10 mmHg)enlarged the surgical field,improving visualization of critical anatomical landmarks,such as the internal mammary arteries and phrenic nerves.This approach allowed complete resection of large or invasive tumors,preserving thoracic stability and reducing the risk of postoperative myasthenic crisis.RESULTS The mean operating time was 170.2 minutes,and the median hospital stay was 3.5 days.No major postoperative complications occurred.Two conversions were necessary:One with a lateral robotic approach due to previous abdominal surgery,and one with a sternotomy for tumor invasion of the aortic arch.Histopathological analysis identified nine thymomas and one solitary fibrous tumor.CONCLUSION Subxiphoid robotic approach is a safe,effective technique for extended thymectomy,fulfilling both oncological and myasthenia gravis surgical objectives.
文摘Laparoscopic rectal surgery has demonstrated its superiority over the open approach,however it still has some technical limitations that lead to the development of robotic platforms.Nevertheless the literature on this topic is rapidly expanding there is still no consensus about benefits of robotic rectal cancer surgery over the laparoscopic one.For this reason a review of all the literature examining robotic surgery for rectal cancer was performed.Two reviewers independently conducted a search of electronic databases(Pub Med and EMBASE)using the key words"rectum","rectal","cancer","laparoscopy","robot".After the initial screen of 266 articles,43 papers were selected for review.A total of 3013 patients were included in the review.The most commonly performed intervention was low anterior resection(1450 patients,48.1%),followed by anterior resections(997 patients,33%),ultra-low anterior resections(393 patients,13%)and abdominoperineal resections(173 patients,5.7%).Robotic rectal surgery seems to offer potential advantages especially in low anterior resections with lower conversions rates and better preservation of the autonomic function.Quality of mesorectum and status of and circumferential resection margins are similar to those obtained with conventional laparoscopy even if robotic rectal surgery is undoubtedly associated with longer operative times.This review demonstrated that robotic rectal surgery is both safe and feasible but there is no evidence of its superiority over laparoscopy in terms of postoperative,clinical outcomes and incidence of complications.In conclusion robotic rectal surgery seems to overcome some of technical limitations of conventional laparoscopic surgery especially for tumors requiring low and ultralow anterior resections but this technical improvement seems not to provide,until now,any significant clinical advantages to the patients.
文摘In recent years,robotic arm grasping has become a pivotal task in the field of robotics,with applications spanning from industrial automation to healthcare.The optimization of grasping strategies plays a crucial role in enhancing the effectiveness,efficiency,and reliability of robotic systems.This paper presents a novel approach to optimizing robotic arm grasping strategies based on deep reinforcement learning(DRL).Through the utilization of advanced DRL algorithms,such as Q-Learning,Deep Q-Networks(DQN),Policy Gradient Methods,and Proximal Policy Optimization(PPO),the study aims to improve the performance of robotic arms in grasping objects with varying shapes,sizes,and environmental conditions.The paper provides a detailed analysis of the various deep reinforcement learning methods used for grasping strategy optimization,emphasizing the strengths and weaknesses of each algorithm.It also presents a comprehensive framework for training the DRL models,including simulation environment setup,the optimization process,and the evaluation metrics for grasping success.The results demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly enhances the accuracy and stability of the robotic arm in performing grasping tasks.The study further explores the challenges in training deep reinforcement learning models for real-time robotic applications and offers solutions for improving the efficiency and reliability of grasping strategies.
文摘The integration of artificial intelligence(AI)into the realm of robotic urologic surgery represents a remarkable paradigm shift in the field of urology and surgical healthcare.AI,with its advanced data analysis and machine learning capabilities,has not only expedited the evolution of robotic surgical procedures but also significantly improved diagnostic accuracy and surgical outcomes.
文摘Dear Editor,Robotic-assisted laparoscopic varicocelectomy(RALV)has been recently described in the pediatric field[1].Although the learning curve of surgical procedures is flattened by a robotic approach[2],complications may occur especially at the beginning of experience.We herein describe an unexpected severe case of parietal blood dripping in a boy who underwent RALV.The study was approved by the institutional review board of Federico Il University Hospital in Naples,Italy(approval number:Fll/2024-PL149).All procedures performed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution and/or national research committee.The written informed consent was obtained by his parents to agree the treatment and publish this paper.
文摘Robotic surgery has emerged as a new frontier in liver transplantation.Given the novelty of its application to recipient procedures,a comprehensive overview is crucial.This narrative review synthesizes the fragmented,foundational data on fully robotic recipient adult living donor liver transplantation(LDLT)on the basis of an appraisal of initial case reports and preliminary comparative studies.The literature was identifiedvia PubMed.The literature demonstrates the technical feasibility and favorable safety profileof the robotic approach.A significantreduction in morbidity was observed,as evidenced by a lower comprehensive complication index,reduced blood loss and transfusion need,and a lower incidence of postoperative infections.These benefitswere reflected in significantlyshorter intensive care unit and hospital stays.While the robotic approach was associated with prolonged operative and ischemia times,the studies revealed that these approaches did not compromise outcomes,with higher 6-month recipient survival noted in the robotic group.Fully robotic recipient LDLT is a groundbreaking technique,although the current evidence consists of initial case reports and non-randomized comparative data from a single center.The available literature suggests a promising safety profileand significantshort-term benefits,but these preliminary findingsrequire validation through multicenter,high-level research.
文摘As robotic surgery provides clinical benefits and increases on a global scale,it also signifies the transition from direct manual control of surgical instruments to digital connectivity and teleoperation.The digital coupling between human control inputs and surgical motion replaces the previous physical link.Robotic surgery is therefore in effect‘surgery-by-wire’,the term capturing the engineering phenomenon that has also occurred in the‘fly-by-wire’of aviation and‘drive-by-wire’of cars.This paper reviews the fundamental commonality across domains.Intrinsic to‘by-wire’control is digital processing,which generates the control signal to the effector.This processing enables a progressive spectrum of motion modulation,from precision and stability of motion,through assistance and envelope protection,to automation.Precision now manifests in all three domains.In modern aircraft and cars,higher-order assistance is commonplace,such as flight envelope protection,with analogous support in driving,as well as significant automation.In robotic surgery,such assistance and automation have not yet entered wider clinical practice,with concepts such as envelope protection requiring further definition.The digital interface combined with telecommunication has also enabled teleoperation in all domains.Therefore,motion‘by-wire’has enhanced performance across industries.A cross-domain perspective will be increasingly useful to facilitate technology transfer and catalyse progress in robotic surgery.As the pan-industry digital transformation evolves,important principles can be derived for application in robotic surgery.
文摘Robotic distal pancreatectomy(RDP)is being increasingly used in centres with access to the robot and offers technological improvements over conventional laparoscopy.Some studies have also shown superior outcomes compared with laparoscopic and open approaches.However,robotic technology is not widely available currently.This review aims to compare RDP with open and laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy,covering the basics of the RDP technique and highlighting the current nuances of the evidence pertaining to RDP with respect to clinical effectiveness and cost‒benefit analysis.
文摘1.Introduction The continuous integration of advanced technologies into medicine has brought profound changes across nearly all specialties.In urology,a field traditionally characterized by its reliance on delicate,precision-driven procedures,the impact of innovations such as robotics,artificial intelligence(AI),telepresence,and telesurgery has been transformative.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(62376219 and 62006194)Foundational Research Project in Specialized Discipline(Grant No.G2024WD0146)Faculty Construction Project(Grant No.24GH0201148).
文摘Large language models(LLMs)have undergone significant expansion and have been increasingly integrated across various domains.Notably,in the realm of robot task planning,LLMs harness their advanced reasoning and language comprehension capabilities to formulate precise and efficient action plans based on natural language instructions.However,for embodied tasks,where robots interact with complex environments,textonly LLMs often face challenges due to a lack of compatibility with robotic visual perception.This study provides a comprehensive overview of the emerging integration of LLMs and multimodal LLMs into various robotic tasks.Additionally,we propose a framework that utilizes multimodal GPT-4V to enhance embodied task planning through the combination of natural language instructions and robot visual perceptions.Our results,based on diverse datasets,indicate that GPT-4V effectively enhances robot performance in embodied tasks.This extensive survey and evaluation of LLMs and multimodal LLMs across a variety of robotic tasks enriches the understanding of LLM-centric embodied intelligence and provides forward-looking insights towards bridging the gap in Human-Robot-Environment interaction.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB4700904 to Wang L)the Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center's project for the Promotion of Clinical Skills and Clinical Innovation Three-Year Action Plan(Project No.SHDC2022CRT006 to Wang L and SHDC2022CRS010B to Tang S).
文摘Objective:This study aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of the SHURUI single-port robotic surgical system for a range of major urological surgeries.Methods:In this prospective,multicenter clinical trial,we examined the effectiveness of the SHURUI single-port robotic surgical system in urological interventions.The first 50 patients from four centers in China underwent single-port surgeries including partial nephrectomy,radical prostatectomy,partial adrenalectomy,and pyeloureteroplasty,exclusively by the SHURUI single-port robotic surgical system.The study's primary endpoints focused on the success of surgeries,defined as no deviations from planned procedures,no need for more than one port,and no re-operations within 24 h after surgery.Secondary endpoints encompassed a range of surgical metrics,functional outcomes,and patient demographic data.Clinical assessments were conducted before surgery,before discharge,and 1 month after discharge.Results:The surgical procedures were executed successfully without requiring intraoperative conversions or transfusions.Both estimated blood loss and operation durations were maintained within satisfactory limits.For each type of surgery,the mean console times and estimated blood loss were 179.8(standard deviation[SD]39.4)min and 125.6(SD 126.0)mL for radical prostatectomy,126.7(SD 47.8)min and 39.2(SD 54.4)mL for partial nephrectomy,112.6(SD 37.4)min and 20.0(SD 13.2)mL for partial adrenalectomy,and 148.0(SD 18.2)min and 18.0(SD 17.9)mL for pyeloureteroplasty,respectively.Across the cohort,17 patients experienced a total of 25 adverse events,while 10 postoperative complications,all rated as Clavien-Dindo grade I,were encountered by eight patients.All patients had shown recovery or improvement from these events before the end of this trial.Conclusion:The SHURUI single-port robotic surgical system demonstrated feasibility and safety in the performance of major urological surgeries.These initial findings highlight the system's potential,though further research and longer follow-up are required to assess long-term outcomes.
文摘The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisciplinary interface that contributes to advancing the field of system autonomy,and pushes the engineering boundaries beyond the existing techniques.The present research adopts the experimental aspects of quantum entanglement and quantum cryptography,and integrates these established quantum capabilities into distributed robotic platforms,to explore the possibility of achieving increased autonomy for the control of multi-agent robotic systems engaged in cooperative tasks.Experimental quantum capabilities are realized by producing single photons(using spontaneous parametric down-conversion process),polarization of photons,detecting vertical and horizontal polarizations,and single photon detecting/counting.Specifically,such quantum aspects are implemented on network of classical agents,i.e.,classical aerial and ground robots/unmanned systems.With respect to classical systems for robotic applications,leveraging quantum technology is expected to lead to guaranteed security,very fast control and communication,and unparalleled quantum capabilities such as entanglement and quantum superposition that will enable novel applications.
基金The authors are the awardees of the Indian Council of Social Science Research(ICSSR)Research Program(F.No.G-11/2021-22/ICSSR/RP)This paper is largely an outcome of the research program sponsored by the ICSSR.However,the responsibility for the facts stated,opinions expressed,and conclusions drawn is entirely that of the authors.
文摘Objectives Robotic-assisted surgery(RAS)is a minimally invasive technique practiced in multiple specialties.Standard training is essential for the acquisition of RAS skills.The cost of RAS is considered to be high,which makes it a burden for institutes and unaffordable for patients.This systematic literature review(SLR)focused on the various RAS training methods applied in different surgical specialties,as well as the cost elements of RAS,and was to summarize the opportunities and challenges associated with scaling up RAS.Methods An SLR was carried out based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guidelines.The PubMed,EBSCO,and Scopus databases were searched for reports from January 2018 through January 2024.Full-text reviews and research articles in the English language from Asia-Pacific countries were included.Articles that outlined training and costs associated with RAS were chosen.Results The most common training system is the da Vinci system.The simulation technique,which includes dry-lab,wet-lab,and virtual reality training,was found to be a common and important practice.The cost of RAS encompasses the installation and maintenance costs of the robotic system,the operation theatre rent,personnel cost,surgical instrument and material cost,and other miscellaneous charges.The synthesis of SLR revealed the challenges and opportunities regarding RAS training and cost.Conclusions The results of this SLR will help stakeholders such as decision-makers,influencers,and end users of RAS to understand the significance of training and cost in scaling up RAS from a managerial perspective.For any healthcare innovation to reach a vast population,cost-effectiveness and standard training are crucial.
文摘There have been nearly 60 years since Thomas Starzl’s first liver transplant.During this period,advancements in medical technology have progressively enabled the adoption of new methods for transplantation.Among these innovations,robotic surgery has emerged in recent decades and is gradually being integrated into transplant medicine.Robotic hepatectomy and liver implantation represent significant advancements in the field of transplant surgery.The precision and minimally invasive nature of robotic surgery offer substantial benefits for both living donors and recipients.In living donors,robotic hepatectomy reduces postoperative pain,minimizes scarring,and accelerates recovery.For liver recipients,robotic liver implantation enhances surgical accuracy,leading to better graft positioning and vascular anastomosis.Robotic systems provide more precise and maneuverable control of instruments,allowing surgeons to perform complex procedures with greater accuracy and reduced risk to patients.This review encompasses publications on minimally invasive donor liver surgery,with a specific focus on robotic liver resection in transplantation,and aims to summarize current knowledge and the development status of robotic surgery in liver transplantation,focusing on liver resection in donors and graft implantation in recipients.
文摘Introduction:Distal ureteral obstruction has classically been managed by ureteroneocystostomy(UNC).The feasibility and success of robotic primary ureteroureterostomy(UU)for benign obstruction appears promising with several benefits over UNC but is poorly studied.Robotic repair offers superior visualization and precision,allowing for minimal ureteral dissection.Here we report on our experience and short-term outcomes.Materials and Methods:We identified patients who underwent robotic distal ureteroureterostomy for benign distal ureteral obstruction at our institution from 2020–2024.Etiology,stricture length,and post-operative outcomes were recorded.All patients had renal ultrasound(US),diuretic renography,or cross-sectional imaging within 6 months of repair.Results:Seven patients underwent distal UU from 2020–2024,with one case of bilateral repair for a total of 8 anastomoses.Iatrogenic injury from hysterectomy represented 5/8 injuries.The mean time between injury and repair was 3.5 months.All defects were 1–1.5 cm in length.At follow-up imaging,there was no evidence of obstruction in any patient with a median follow-up of 10 months,including diuretic renography in 5 of 7 patients.One patient had mild hydronephrosis on their initial renal US but with normal drainage on subsequent diuretic renography.All patients reported no flank pain at follow-up.Conclusions:Robotic UU is feasible for short,benign distal ureteral obstruction in carefully selected patients.Advantages over traditional UNC include a significantly shorter catheter time,no risk of vesicoureteral reflux,no effect on bladder capacity or function,and the ability to retain the native ureteral orifice.Continued research will elucidate the long-term efficacy of this approach.
文摘The 2025 World Robot Conference,held in Beijing from August 8 to 12,offered a vivid glimpse into the future of the global robotics industry,where breakthroughs in artificial intelligence(AI)are injecting new momentum into growth.Drawing ove r 1.3 million attendees.
文摘BACKGROUND Cardiac myxoma,a benign intracardiac tumor,is traditionally excised via conven-tional sternotomy,which is invasive and associated with longer recovery times.Minimally invasive robotic surgery has emerged as a potential alternative,offe-ring reduced trauma and faster recovery.This meta-analysis compares the effi-cacy and safety of robotic surgery vs conventional sternotomy for cardiac myxo-ma excision.We hypothesized that robotic surgery would provide comparable safety outcomes with improved postoperative recovery,such as shorter hospital stays and reduced transfusion rates,despite potentially longer operative times.METHODS A systematic review was performed using EMBASE,OVID,Scopus,PubMed,Cochrane,and ScienceDirect databases to identify studies comparing robotic surgery and sternotomy for cardiac myxoma excision.Continuous outcomes were analyzed using mean differences(MDs),and categorical outcomes with odds ratios(ORs)and 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs).A random-effects model was used to pool data,accounting for study heterogeneity.RESULTS Six studies involving 425 patients(180 robotic,245 conventional)were included.Robotic surgery significantly increased cross-clamp time(MD=12.03 minutes,95%CI:2.14-21.92,P=0.02)and cardiopulmonary bypass time(MD=28.37 minutes,95%CI:11.85-44.89,P=0.001).It reduced hospital stay(MD=-1.86 days,95%CI:-2.45 to-1.27,P<0.00001)and blood transfusion requirements(OR=0.30,95%CI:0.13-0.69,P=0.007).No significant differences were observed in atrial arrhythmia(OR=0.55,95%CI:0.27-1.12)or ventilation time(MD=-1.72 hours,95%CI:-5.27 to 1.83,P=0.34).CONCLUSION Robotic surgery for cardiac myxoma excision prolongs operative times but shortens hospital stays and reduces transfusion needs,suggesting enhanced recovery without compromising safety.
文摘Objective:To systematically investigate the research status,research hotspots,and developmental trends of robotic techniques in stroke rehabilitation through bibliometric and visualization analysis.Methods:Literature published in the Web of Science from 2004 to 2024 were screened.VOSviewer,CiteSpace,R Software,Microsoft Office Excel 2021,and“bibliometric.com”were employed to conduct bibliometric analysis and network visualization.Results:A total of 3,704 documents were retrieved.Northwestern University was the most productive institution.Krebs Hermano Igo was the most prolific author.The Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation had the highest publication volume.The United States currently holds a leading position in various aspects,including the overall volume of publications,institutional contributions,author output,and funding support.Keywords such as“deep learning”“physical human-robot interaction”“wearable robotics”“mirror therapy”“telerehabilitation”“soft robotics”“augmented reality”“functional near-infrared spectroscopy,”and“impedance control”highlight the current research hotspots and frontiers.Conclusion:Rehabilitation robotics is a field with vigorous growth,progressively advancing toward intelligent,personalized,accessible,and efficient rehabilitation solutions with substantial future potential.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62473236,62073196).
文摘In complex water environments,search tasks often involve multiple Autonomous Underwater Vehicles(AUVs),and a single centralized control cannot handle the complexity and computational burden of large-scale systems.Target search in complex water environments has always been a major challenge in the field of underwater robots.To address this problem,this paper proposes a multi-biomimetic robot fish collaborative target search method based on Distributed Model Predictive Control(DMPC).First,we established a bionic robot fish kinematic model and a multi-biomimetic robot fish communication model;second,this paper proposed a distributed model predictive control algorithm based on the distributed search theory framework,so that the bionic robot fish can dynamically adjust their search path according to each other’s position information and search status,avoid repeated coverage or missing areas,and thus improve the search efficiency;third,we conducted simulation experiments based on DMPC,and the results showed that the proposed method has a target search success rate of more than 90%in static targets,dynamic targets,and obstacle environments.Finally,we compared this method with Centralized Model Predictive Control(CMPC)and Random Walk(RW)algorithms.The DMPC approach demonstrates significant advantages,achieving a remarkable target search success rate of 94.17%.These findings comprehensively validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed methodology.It can be seen that DMPC can effectively dispatch multiple bionic robot fish to work together to achieve efficient search of vast waters.It can significantly improve the flexibility,scalability,robustness and cooperation efficiency of the system and has broad application prospects.
