目的揭示序列相似性家族20成员b(family with sequence similarity member 20-b,Fam20b)基因在第一鳃弓间充质来源的颅颌面器官发育中的作用。方法构建Pax2-Cre;Fam20b^(f/f)小鼠,利用整体阿尔辛蓝-茜素红染色观察小鼠出生后的骨骼形态...目的揭示序列相似性家族20成员b(family with sequence similarity member 20-b,Fam20b)基因在第一鳃弓间充质来源的颅颌面器官发育中的作用。方法构建Pax2-Cre;Fam20b^(f/f)小鼠,利用整体阿尔辛蓝-茜素红染色观察小鼠出生后的骨骼形态学变化,Masson染色观察组织学特征,Ki67/TUNEL检测第一鳃弓内细胞的增殖和凋亡情况,Von-Kossa染色观察额骨矿化程度,阿尔辛蓝染色检测糖胺聚糖链(glycosaminoglycan chains,GAGs)分布范围。结果胚胎第10.5天时,Pax2-Cre;Fam20b^(f/f)小鼠下颌弓近端间充质细胞发生大量凋亡,导致该小鼠出生后表现Pierre Robin序列征(小颌畸形、舌后坠及腭裂)样表型,并伴有小颅畸形、前囟闭合不全及髁突发育不良等多种颅颌面器官畸形。组织学研究显示该小鼠额骨垂直向生长不足及矿化不良,髁突细胞外基质中GAGs的沉积减少,髁突软骨过早分化及软骨膜下成骨增加。结论在第一鳃弓间充质中敲除Fam20b导致下颌弓近端间充质细胞过度凋亡,从而造成小颌畸形。此外,抑制GAGs合成可以抑制颌面部膜内成骨,但促进软骨膜下成骨。展开更多
目的探讨Pierre Robin序列征(Pierre Robin sequence,PRS)儿童睡眠结构和呼吸特点,明确存在的潜在睡眠呼吸障碍问题,为合理诊治提供重要参考依据。方法回顾性分析2021年3月~2023年3月在首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院行多导睡眠监测(PSG)...目的探讨Pierre Robin序列征(Pierre Robin sequence,PRS)儿童睡眠结构和呼吸特点,明确存在的潜在睡眠呼吸障碍问题,为合理诊治提供重要参考依据。方法回顾性分析2021年3月~2023年3月在首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院行多导睡眠监测(PSG)的PRS儿童,分析睡眠结构及呼吸事件特点。结果共纳入36例PRS患儿,男15例,女21例,年龄中位数为1.2(1.0,1.6)岁,体重指数(BMI)为(16.8±2.1)kg/m^(2)。18例(50.0%)为原发鼾症,17例(47.2%)为轻度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA),1例(2.8%)为中度OSA。各类型呼吸事件中位数分别为:阻塞性呼吸暂停低通气指数为(OAHI)1.0(0.2,2.0)次/h、低通气指数(HI)为0.6(0.1,1.4)次/h、阻塞性呼吸暂停指数(OAI)为0.1(0.0,0.5)次/h、混合性呼吸暂停指数(MAI)为0.0(0.0,0.1)次/h、中枢性呼吸暂停指数(CAI)为1.7(0.6,2.5)次/h。觉醒指数中位数为9.3(7.6,11.7)次/h、最低血氧饱和度为89%。各睡眠期占总睡眠时间比例分别为,N1期15.6%±5.4%、N2期42.0%±5.5%、N3期16.5%±5.2%、R期25.9%±4.7%,睡眠效率为86.0%±6.6%。OAHI与不同睡眠期比较,差异比较无统计学意义(Z=-1.799,P>0.05)。结论PRS儿童睡眠效率下降、N1期睡眠增加,N3期睡眠减少,出现睡眠结构紊乱。同时,该类患儿存在一定程度的上气道阻塞,以轻度为主表现形式多为低通气。PSG监测可以明确呼吸事件类型,有效评估上气道阻塞程度,为临床诊治提供重要参考依据。展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter investigates the optimal denial-of-service(DoS)attack scheduling targeting state estimation in cyber-Physical systems(CPSs)with the two-hop multi-channel network.CPSs are designed to achieve ef...Dear Editor,This letter investigates the optimal denial-of-service(DoS)attack scheduling targeting state estimation in cyber-Physical systems(CPSs)with the two-hop multi-channel network.CPSs are designed to achieve efficient,secure and adaptive operation by embedding intelligent and autonomous decision-making capabilities in the physical world.As a key component of the CPSs,the wireless network is vulnerable to various malicious attacks due to its openness[1].DoS attack is one of the most common attacks,characterized of simple execution and significant destructiveness[2].To mitigate the economic losses and environmental damage caused by DoS attacks,it is crucial to model and investigate data transmissions in CPSs.展开更多
文摘目的揭示序列相似性家族20成员b(family with sequence similarity member 20-b,Fam20b)基因在第一鳃弓间充质来源的颅颌面器官发育中的作用。方法构建Pax2-Cre;Fam20b^(f/f)小鼠,利用整体阿尔辛蓝-茜素红染色观察小鼠出生后的骨骼形态学变化,Masson染色观察组织学特征,Ki67/TUNEL检测第一鳃弓内细胞的增殖和凋亡情况,Von-Kossa染色观察额骨矿化程度,阿尔辛蓝染色检测糖胺聚糖链(glycosaminoglycan chains,GAGs)分布范围。结果胚胎第10.5天时,Pax2-Cre;Fam20b^(f/f)小鼠下颌弓近端间充质细胞发生大量凋亡,导致该小鼠出生后表现Pierre Robin序列征(小颌畸形、舌后坠及腭裂)样表型,并伴有小颅畸形、前囟闭合不全及髁突发育不良等多种颅颌面器官畸形。组织学研究显示该小鼠额骨垂直向生长不足及矿化不良,髁突细胞外基质中GAGs的沉积减少,髁突软骨过早分化及软骨膜下成骨增加。结论在第一鳃弓间充质中敲除Fam20b导致下颌弓近端间充质细胞过度凋亡,从而造成小颌畸形。此外,抑制GAGs合成可以抑制颌面部膜内成骨,但促进软骨膜下成骨。
文摘目的探讨Pierre Robin序列征(Pierre Robin sequence,PRS)儿童睡眠结构和呼吸特点,明确存在的潜在睡眠呼吸障碍问题,为合理诊治提供重要参考依据。方法回顾性分析2021年3月~2023年3月在首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院行多导睡眠监测(PSG)的PRS儿童,分析睡眠结构及呼吸事件特点。结果共纳入36例PRS患儿,男15例,女21例,年龄中位数为1.2(1.0,1.6)岁,体重指数(BMI)为(16.8±2.1)kg/m^(2)。18例(50.0%)为原发鼾症,17例(47.2%)为轻度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA),1例(2.8%)为中度OSA。各类型呼吸事件中位数分别为:阻塞性呼吸暂停低通气指数为(OAHI)1.0(0.2,2.0)次/h、低通气指数(HI)为0.6(0.1,1.4)次/h、阻塞性呼吸暂停指数(OAI)为0.1(0.0,0.5)次/h、混合性呼吸暂停指数(MAI)为0.0(0.0,0.1)次/h、中枢性呼吸暂停指数(CAI)为1.7(0.6,2.5)次/h。觉醒指数中位数为9.3(7.6,11.7)次/h、最低血氧饱和度为89%。各睡眠期占总睡眠时间比例分别为,N1期15.6%±5.4%、N2期42.0%±5.5%、N3期16.5%±5.2%、R期25.9%±4.7%,睡眠效率为86.0%±6.6%。OAHI与不同睡眠期比较,差异比较无统计学意义(Z=-1.799,P>0.05)。结论PRS儿童睡眠效率下降、N1期睡眠增加,N3期睡眠减少,出现睡眠结构紊乱。同时,该类患儿存在一定程度的上气道阻塞,以轻度为主表现形式多为低通气。PSG监测可以明确呼吸事件类型,有效评估上气道阻塞程度,为临床诊治提供重要参考依据。
文摘Dear Editor,This letter investigates the optimal denial-of-service(DoS)attack scheduling targeting state estimation in cyber-Physical systems(CPSs)with the two-hop multi-channel network.CPSs are designed to achieve efficient,secure and adaptive operation by embedding intelligent and autonomous decision-making capabilities in the physical world.As a key component of the CPSs,the wireless network is vulnerable to various malicious attacks due to its openness[1].DoS attack is one of the most common attacks,characterized of simple execution and significant destructiveness[2].To mitigate the economic losses and environmental damage caused by DoS attacks,it is crucial to model and investigate data transmissions in CPSs.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40876010,49906013)the Strategic Priority Research Program-Climate Change:Carbon Budget and Relevant Issues of the Chinese Academy of Science(XDA01020304)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20110420)the Natural Science Foundation from the Education Bureau of Anhui Province(KJ2010A128,KJ2010B360)
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40531006 and 10471039)the National Key Project for Basics Research (2003CB415101-03 and 2004CB418304)+1 种基金the Key Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX3-SW-221)in part by E-Insitutes of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (N.E03004).
