The ratooning system enhances agricultural efficiency by reducing secondary sowing and resource input while maintaining rice yield parity with double cropping.However,the prolonged growth duration of the rice ratoonin...The ratooning system enhances agricultural efficiency by reducing secondary sowing and resource input while maintaining rice yield parity with double cropping.However,the prolonged growth duration of the rice ratooning system extends the exposure window to Magnaporthe oryzae infection,thereby elevating the probability of disease incidence.展开更多
Asian rice comprises two major subspecies:Xian(X)and Geng(G),and the diverged resistance genes(R)have provided a foundation for breeding improved cultivars to control rice blast disease.After conducting two-phase alle...Asian rice comprises two major subspecies:Xian(X)and Geng(G),and the diverged resistance genes(R)have provided a foundation for breeding improved cultivars to control rice blast disease.After conducting two-phase allele mining using six updated FNP marker systems,the functional haplotypes at Pit,Pib,and Pi63 strictly diverged into the X-populations and were defined as X-R loci,while those at Pi54,Pi37,and Pi36 into the G-populations as G-R loci.The genic diversity at the three X-R loci(16 alleles)was twofold higher than that at the three G-R loci(8 alleles),and the allelic diversity in the Southern region(21 alleles)was nearly double that in the Northeastern region(11 alleles).Both observations reflect a significant difference in genetic diversity between X-and G-populations,and indicate that the effective R-genes mainly originated from X-subspecies.Based on the allelic structures characterized by a set of 10 parameters,8 and 16 alleles were respectively recognized as favorable and promising ones for the regional breeding programs.The genotypic structures of the two regional populations were almost different,indicating that the diverged alleles have been further assembled into two series of regional genotypes through long-term breeding programs,despite the presence of one-third of region-common alleles.The genotypic diversity in the Southern region(55 genotypes)was nearly twice as high as that in the Northeastern region(28),which perfectly reflects the aforementioned differences in both genic and allelic diversities.After analyzing the genotypic structures using a set of 13 parameters,4 and 23 genotypes,respectively,can be recommended as the favorable and promising ones for the regional breeding programs.The case study serves as a concrete sample of how to identify the favorable and promising alleles and genotypes,and beneficial parents based their comprehensive population structures for gene-designed breeding.展开更多
The Elongator complex is conserved in a wide range of species and plays crucial roles in diverse cellular processes.We have previously shown that the Elongator protein PoElp3 was involved in the asexual development,pa...The Elongator complex is conserved in a wide range of species and plays crucial roles in diverse cellular processes.We have previously shown that the Elongator protein PoElp3 was involved in the asexual development,pathogenicity,and autophagy of the rice blast fungus.In this study,we further revealed that PoElp3 functions via tRNA-mediated protein integrity.Phenotypic analyses revealed that overexpression of two of the tRNAs,tK(UUU)and tQ(UUG)could rescue the defects inΔPoelp3 strain.TMT-based proteomic and transcriptional analyses demonstrated that 386 proteins were down-regulated inΔPoelp3 strain compared with wild type strain Guy11,in a transcription-independent manner.Codon usage assays revealed an enrichment of Glutamine CAA-biased mRNA in the 386 proteins compared with the 70-15 genome.In addition to those reported previously,we also found that PoErp9,a sphingolipid C9-methyltransferase,was down-regulated in theΔPoelp3strain.Through an ILV2-specific integration of PoERP9-GFP into the wild type andΔPoelp3 strain,we were able to show that PoErp9 was positively regulated by PoElp3 translationally but not transcriptionally.Functional analyses revealed that PoErp9 was involved in the fungal growth,conidial development,pathogenicity,and TORrelated autophagy homeostasis in Pyricularia oryzae.Taken together,our results suggested that PoElp3 acts through the tRNA-mediated translational efficiency to regulate asexual development,pathogenicity,sphingolipid metabolism,and autophagy in the rice blast fungus.展开更多
The SnRK2 gene family plays important roles in ABA mediated abiotic stress responses.However,the roles and functional mechanism of the SnRK2 gene family in plant immunity are largely unknown.In this study,we report th...The SnRK2 gene family plays important roles in ABA mediated abiotic stress responses.However,the roles and functional mechanism of the SnRK2 gene family in plant immunity are largely unknown.In this study,we report that OsSAPK10,a SnRK2 gene family protein in rice,positively regulates rice blast resistance.The ossapk10 mutation reduced rice blast resistance and overexpression of OsSAPK10 increased it.Furthermore,OsSAPK10 phosphorylates OsPAL1,a positive regulator of rice blast resistance,at Ser82 to stabilize it.Knocking out OsPAL1 also reduced rice blast resistance.Taken together,our findings revealed that OsSAPK10 positively regulates rice immunity via phosphorylating and stabilizing OsPAL1,providing new insight into the functional mechanism of the SnRK2 gene family in biotic stress responses.展开更多
Accurate evaluation of disease levels in wild rice germplasm and identification of disease resistance are critical for developing rice varieties resistant to blast disease.However,existing evaluation methods face limi...Accurate evaluation of disease levels in wild rice germplasm and identification of disease resistance are critical for developing rice varieties resistant to blast disease.However,existing evaluation methods face limitations that hinder progress in breeding.To address these challenges,we proposed an AI-powered method for evaluating blast disease levels and identifying resistance in wild rice.A lightweight segmentation model for diseased leaves and lesions was developed,incorporating an improved federated learning approach to enhance robustness and adaptability.Based on the segmentation results and resistance identification technical specifications,wild rice materials were evaluated into 10 disease levels(L0 to L9),further enabling disease-resistance identification through multiple replicates of the same materials.The method was successfully implemented on augmented reality glasses for real-time,first-person evaluation.Additionally,high-speed scanners and edge computing devices were integrated to enable continuous,precise,and dynamic evaluation.Experimental results demonstrate the outstanding performance of the proposed method,achieving effective segmentation of diseased leaves and lesions with only 0.22 M parameters and 5.3 G floating-point operations per second(FLOPs),with a mean average precision(mAP@0.5)of 96.3%.The accuracy of disease level evaluation and disease-resistance identification reached 99.7%,with a practical test accuracy of 99.0%,successfully identifying three highly resistant wild rice materials.This method provides strong technical support for efficiently identifying wild rice materials resistant to blast disease and advancing resistance breeding efforts.展开更多
[Objective] This study was to understand the effects of β-Amino butyric acid(abbreviated as BABA) induced rice blast resistance on reactive oxygen metabolism. [Method] Using the cultivar Chaochan 2 that is highly sus...[Objective] This study was to understand the effects of β-Amino butyric acid(abbreviated as BABA) induced rice blast resistance on reactive oxygen metabolism. [Method] Using the cultivar Chaochan 2 that is highly susceptible to disease as experimental material, the changes of catalase(CAT), and superoxide dismutase(SOD) and MDA activities in rice treated by BABA were investigated. [Result] In rice plants treated by BABA, the activities of CAT and SOD increased, meanwhile the MDA content also rose to some extent, resulting in the disease resistance to rice blast. [Conclusion] By influencing reactive oxygen metabolism, BABA endows rice plants with resistance to rice blast. BABA is safe to environment and has highly resistance-inducing capacity, it could be generalized in production.展开更多
Pi-ta and Pi-b, the first cloned rice blast resistant genes, have been wide- ly used in rice blast resistance breeding for their lasting and stable resistance. To define the distribution of Pi-ta and Pi-b in japonica ...Pi-ta and Pi-b, the first cloned rice blast resistant genes, have been wide- ly used in rice blast resistance breeding for their lasting and stable resistance. To define the distribution of Pi-ta and Pi-b in japonica rice in Jiangsu, the genotypes of resistance genes Pi-ta and Pi-b in 40 varieties and 665 new lines were detected using functional markers of Pi-ta/pi-ta and Pi-b^pi-b alleles. The results showed that the resistance alleles of Pi-ta and Pi-b were widely spread in japonica rice varieties, and the distribution frequency of Pi-b was higher than that of Pi-ta. Most of the Lianjing serial varieties didn＇t carry the two resistance genes, but the two resistance genes were widely distributed in Wujing serial varieties. There was no significant dif- ference in distribution frequency of Pi-ta between new lines and commercial vari- eties. However, the distribution frequency of Pi-b in new lines was higher than that in commercial varieties. It was indicated that artificial selection was conducive to the improvement of distribution frequency of Pi-b in rice varieties. Among the 4 genotypes, the distribution frequency of pi-taJPi-b was highest （60.0%）, followed by Pi-ta/ Pi-b （33.5%） and pi-ta/pi-b （3.9%）. The frequency of Pi-taJpi-b was lowest, account- ing for only 2.6%. In terms of source of resistance genes in the four combinations, the resistant allele Pi-ta might be from parents of Wuxiangjing14, Wujing15 or Nanjing44, and Pi-b might come from parents of Wujing13, Wuxiangjing14, Wujing15 or Nanjing44. The analysis on the genotypic frequencies in offspring of the rice vari- eties showed that the resistance genotype of Pi-ta/Pi-b had the highest frequency in the cross combination of Nanjing44//Wujing13/Kantou194.展开更多
To create a new prediction model, the unbiased GM （1,1） model is optimized by the five-point slide method in this paper. Then, based on the occurrence areas of dce blast in Enshi District during 1995 -2004, the new ...To create a new prediction model, the unbiased GM （1,1） model is optimized by the five-point slide method in this paper. Then, based on the occurrence areas of dce blast in Enshi District during 1995 -2004, the new model and unbiased GM （1, 1 ） model are applied to predict the occurrence areas of rice blast during 2005 -2010. Predicting outcomes show that the prediction accuracy of five-point unbiased sliding optimized GM （1, 1 ） model is higher than the unbiased GM （1,1） model. Finally, combined with the prediction results, the author provides some suggestion for Enshi District in the prevention and control of rice blast in 2010.展开更多
With the aim to improve the level of monitoring and warning as well as the comprehensive control of rice blast disease, and to feasibly reduce the disease threat in Nanchong City, the methods of GPS and GIS, systemati...With the aim to improve the level of monitoring and warning as well as the comprehensive control of rice blast disease, and to feasibly reduce the disease threat in Nanchong City, the methods of GPS and GIS, systematical monitoring and field survey, rice blast resistance identification, physiologic races of rice blast monitoring, and meteorological data analysis were performed to study the occurrence and epidemic region division, precise demarcation and occurrence and epidemic regularity of rice blast in Nanchong City. This study first completed the epidemic region division and precise demarcation; first clarified the initial affection（beginning period） locations, occurrence characteristics, epidemic trends and characteristics; explicated the existence of four epidemic peak periods of rice blast in the field, where the damage areas of first peak period played a decisive role during the blast epidemic years; in late May, the cumulative occurrence areas and annual occurrence areas presented higher positive correlation with the correlation coefficient of 0.817;and established a prediction model of occurrence areas per year based on the disease field rate at the end of boot stages and the diseased plant rate at dough stages. The results of investigation on the impact factors investigation of blast disease in Nanchong in recent years suggested that the internal causes were the decrease or loss of blast resistance of the rice cultivars, as well as the increase of physiological races with strong resistance to rice blast and the emergence of new virulent physiologic varieties; the external causes were suitable temperature, too much rainy, and sunlight shortage. Between 2010 and 2015, the short-term forecast accuracy for rice blast in Nanchong was up to 100%, and medium-and long-term forecast accuracy was also up to 98% and 95%, respectively, which increased by 5-15% than that before 1997, thereby making the control effect of rice blast in Nanchong increased by 15-30%.展开更多
The study was conducted to reduce blast damage, the use of pesticides residue, environment pollution and control costs, and to make a significant contribution to the improvement of grain production, quality and agricu...The study was conducted to reduce blast damage, the use of pesticides residue, environment pollution and control costs, and to make a significant contribution to the improvement of grain production, quality and agriculture ecological environment. Over these years, by the methods of systematical monitoring, regular surveys, field investigation, rice blast resistance identification, experiments and meteorological data analysis, the study on comprehensive prevention and control of rice blast in Nanchong City was conducted. The results showed that the rice varieties more sensitive to blast had a higher incidence of severe blast disease. Replacing,varieties with different source of resistance every three to five years and reasonable variety distribution can effectively reduce the prevalence of rice blast. Appropriate treatment of infected rice straw and pathogen, seed disinfection, seedling disinfection, and pesticide application at transplanting and etc. can delay blast occurrence and reduce the damage caused by blast. By analyzing the blast control efficiency of pesticides applied at different growth stages, we found that best control efficiency against blast was achieved by spraying pesticide twice during the whole growth stage, once 3 d before transplanting or 10 d after transplanting; and once at initial heading stage. Spraying 525 g/hm^2 75% tricyclazole was proven to be the best dosage for blast control. However, 375-450 g/hm^2 75% tricyclazole is enough if the blast incidence is not severe, or the rice varieties are slightly susceptible to blast.The control efficiency against leaf blast between 4% kasugamycin and 20% tricyclazole had no significant difference, but was significantly higher than that of 100 billion spores/g of Bacillus subtilis. The control efficiency against neck blast had no significant difference among 4% kasugamycin, 20% tricyclazole and 100 billion spores/g of B. subtilis. 450 g/hm^2 75% tricyclazole had better control efficiency against neck blast than 2 250 g/hm^2 2% 800 million spores/g Jinggangmycin-wax bud bacteria SC, 1 050 g/hm^2 41% kasugamycin-isoprothiolane WP and 900 g/hm^2 41%kasugamycin-isoprothiolane WP. The frequency of severe blast incidence in Nanchong City has reached 50% since 1997. The rice blast disease has been effectively controlled by comprehensive prevention and control technology, reducing the production loss to less than 2%, and pesticides by 4 523 t in total. In 2014, 327000 t rice grains were approved as pollution-free, green and organic agricultural products, indicating that the blast control measures produced great economic, social and ecological values.展开更多
The article systematically summarizes the pathogen, incidence law and disease symptom of rice blast, and raises the integrated control technique for the disease, which will provide the certain theoretical basis for th...The article systematically summarizes the pathogen, incidence law and disease symptom of rice blast, and raises the integrated control technique for the disease, which will provide the certain theoretical basis for the control of the disease, being benefit for the actual production of rice in field.展开更多
[ ObjeeUve ] To search for the beneficial microorganisms and their metabolic products with control effect against rice Mast, the paper studied the inhibi- tion effect of the fermentation broth of actinomycetes BOS-013...[ ObjeeUve ] To search for the beneficial microorganisms and their metabolic products with control effect against rice Mast, the paper studied the inhibi- tion effect of the fermentation broth of actinomycetes BOS-013 strain against the pathogen of rice blast （Pyricularia oryzae）. [ Method ] With P. oryzae as the target indicator fungus, the inhibition effect of the fermentation broth of BOS-013 strain and its extracts from different solvents against the pathogen were determined using cylinder plate method and filter paper method. [ Result] The results showed that the inhibition rate of the fermentation broth of BOS-013 strain with fungus amount of 4×10^8 cfu/ml against P. oryzae was 92.0% ±0.5% ; the fermentation broth still had inhibition effect against P. oryaae after inactivation under high temperature and high pressure, and the inhibition rate was 60.0%±0.5%. After absorbed by non-polar CAD-45 type macroperous adsorption resin and eluted by 60% etha- nol, the antifungal activity of the fermentation broth was still high, and the diameter of inhibition zone reached 33.0 mm. [ Conclusion] The fermentation broth of BOS-O13 strain had significant inhibition effect against P. oryzae. The results would provide foundation for further clarification of inhibition mechanism of BOS-013 strain fermentation broth against P. oryzae and its practical application.展开更多
Compatible and incompatible reactions in rice plants ( Oryza sativa L. cv. Shenxianggen No.4) were resulted from inoculation with two different virulent races of rice blast fungus ( Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) B...Compatible and incompatible reactions in rice plants ( Oryza sativa L. cv. Shenxianggen No.4) were resulted from inoculation with two different virulent races of rice blast fungus ( Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) Barr), and thus an effective infecting system was established between rice plants and the rice blast pathogen. Two cDNA clones that showed induced and temporal patterns in expression in the very early stage in response to infection of the fungus were obtained from the plants by use of differential display. Of the two cDNA clones, Fastresp_a was induced to express in both compatible and incompatible interactions although it was expressed earlier in the former reaction. The second one, Fastresp_b , was only expressed in incompatible interaction. Southern blot analysis of the rice genomic DNA indicated that both of the two clones were from genome of the plant. No significant homology to the two genes was found from the rice gene database. This suggested that they were novel genes in rice and may play important roles in rice resistant response to infection of rice blast fungus.展开更多
Rice blast is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice production worldwide.The development and rational use of resistant varieties has been the most effective and economical measure to control blast.In thi...Rice blast is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice production worldwide.The development and rational use of resistant varieties has been the most effective and economical measure to control blast.In this review,we summarized the cloning and utilization of rice blast resistance genes,such as Pi1,Pi2,Pi9,Pi54,Pigm and Piz-t.We concluded that three main problems in the current breeding of rice blast resistance are:availability of few R(resistance)genes that confer resistance to both seedling and panicle blast,the resistance effect of pyramided lines is not the result of a simple accumulation of resistance spectrum,and only a few R genes have been successfully used for molecular breeding.Therefore,novel utilization strategies for rice blast R genes in molecular breeding were proposed,such as accurately understanding the utilization of R genes in main modern rice varieties,creating a core resistant germplasm with excellent comprehensive traits,screening and utilizing broadspectrum and durable resistance gene combinations.Lastly,the trends and possible development direction of blast resistance improvement were also discussed,including new genes regulating resistance identified via GWAS(genome-wide association study)and improving rice blast resistance using genetic editing.展开更多
Race-specific resistance and field resistance of 30 rice blast resistance monogenic lines derived from different resources were evaluated. The spectra of resistance to 163 Magnaporthe grisea isolates collected from in...Race-specific resistance and field resistance of 30 rice blast resistance monogenic lines derived from different resources were evaluated. The spectra of resistance to 163 Magnaporthe grisea isolates collected from indica rice in Guangdong Province, China ranged from 0.6% to 89.6%. Most of the monogenic lines showed a narrow resistance spectrum and high susceptibility in rice blast area, whereas the lines with Pikh and Pi1(t) had the broad resistance spectra of 89.6% and 82.2% respectively, showing a high and stable blast resistance in fields. According to the cluster analysis of specific resistance to 163 blast isolates tested, the 30 monogenic lines were divided into 15 groups, and based on the principal factor analysis, nine kinds of race-specific resistance were identified. Pik, Piz5, Pi9 and Pish can be used as candidate resistance genes for rice breeding since their specific resistance differed from those of the backbone parents in Guangdong, China. Gene pyramiding of Pikh [or Pi1(t)], Pi9 (or Piz5) and Pish (or Pita2) will be effective to obtain broad-spectrum blast resistance in rice breeding program in Guangdong, China. The strategies for studying and application of rice blast resistance genes were discussed.展开更多
Resistance to rice blast of transgenic rice lines harboring rice blast resistance gene Pi-d2 transformed from three different expression vectors of pCB6.3kb, pCB5.3kb and pZH01-2.72kb were analyzed. Nine advanced-gene...Resistance to rice blast of transgenic rice lines harboring rice blast resistance gene Pi-d2 transformed from three different expression vectors of pCB6.3kb, pCB5.3kb and pZH01-2.72kb were analyzed. Nine advanced-generation transgenic rice lines with Pi-d2 gene displayed various resistance to 39 rice blast strains, and the highest disease-resistant frequency reached 91.7%. Four early-generation homozygous transgenic lines with Pi-d2 gene exhibited resistance to more than 81.5% of 58 rice blast strains, showing the characteristic of wide-spectrum resistance. The transgenic embryonic calli selected by the crude toxin of rice blast fungus showed that the callus induction rate of immature embryo from transgenic rice plants decreased as the concentration of crude toxin in the culture medium increased. When the concentration of crude toxin reached 40%, the callus induction rate of immature embryo from transgenic lines was 49.3%, and that of the receptor control was 5%. The disease incidence of neck blast of the transgenic rice lines in fields under induction was 0% to 50%, indicating that the rice blast resistance of transgenic rice lines is much higher than that of the receptor control.展开更多
The receptor cultivar Nan29 and thirty-six T5 rice lines derived from ten T0 generation transgen-ic plants harboring lysozyme gene were challenged in the greenhouse by inoculating 63 isolates belonging to 48 races of ...The receptor cultivar Nan29 and thirty-six T5 rice lines derived from ten T0 generation transgen-ic plants harboring lysozyme gene were challenged in the greenhouse by inoculating 63 isolates belonging to 48 races of Magnaporthe grisea from Yunnan Province. The transgenic rice lines exhibited resistance to more than 72% of isolates inoculated in this experiment, and 38.1% (24 isolates) of them could infect the receptor cultivar Nan29. The results indicated that the transgenic rice lines possessed wide-spectrum resistance against various rice blast races and the resistant spectrum of rice lines were different although some lines derived from same T0 plant. The transgenic rice lines exhibited also high resistance to leaf and neck blast in the disease field evaluation, but not all of resistant lines against leaf blast were resistant to neck blast.展开更多
Rice blast is regarded as one of the major diseases of rice.Screening rice genotypes with high resistance to rice blast is a key strategy for ensuring global food security.Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV)-based imaging,c...Rice blast is regarded as one of the major diseases of rice.Screening rice genotypes with high resistance to rice blast is a key strategy for ensuring global food security.Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV)-based imaging,coupled with deep learning,can acquire high-throughput imagery related to rice blast infection.In this study,we developed a segmented detection model(called RiceblastSegMask)for rice blast detection and resistance evaluation.The feasibility of different backbones and target detection models was further investigated.RiceblastSegMask is a two-stage instance segmentation model,comprising an image-denoising backbone network,a feature pyramid,a trinomial tree fine-grained feature extraction combination network,and an image pixel codec module.The results showed that the model combining the image-denoising and fine-grained feature extraction based on the Swin Transformer and the feature pixel matching feature labels with the trinomial tree recursive algorithm performed the best.The overall accuracy for instance segmentation of RiceblastSegMask reached 97.56%,and it demonstrated a satisfactory accuracy of 90.29%for grading unique resistance to rice blast.These results indicated that low-altitude remote sensing using UAV,in conjunction with the proposed RiceblastSegMask model,can efficiently calculate the extent of rice blast infection,offering a new phenotypic tool for evaluating rice blast resistance on a field scale in rice breeding programs.展开更多
Field experiments of mixed- (intercropping) and pure-planting (monoculture) of four rice varieties, representing improved hybrid varieties (Shanyou63 and Shanyou22) and high-quality traditional varieties (Huangkenuo a...Field experiments of mixed- (intercropping) and pure-planting (monoculture) of four rice varieties, representing improved hybrid varieties (Shanyou63 and Shanyou22) and high-quality traditional varieties (Huangkenuo and Zigu) from Yunnan Province, were conducted based on their differences in genetic background and agro-economical characteristics. The results demonstrated that the mixed-planting of the hybrid rice and high-quality traditional rice varieties had a significantly greater effect on controlling rice blast disease than the monoculture of these varieties, particularly the traditional ones. It is evident for the highly susceptible traditional varieties in mixed-planting to achieve disease control, with significant decreases in blast incidences and severity indexes. The blast control efficiency reached up to 83-98% under such planting model. This suggests that an appropriate mixed-planting of rice varieties with diverse genetic background and agro-economical characteristics is an effective approach for rice blast control. In addition, resistance of the traditional rice varieties to lodging was considerably increased in the plots with mixed-planting, compared with the plots with monoculture. The average rate of grain-yield increase ranged from 6. 5 to 9.7% in the plots with mixed-planting.展开更多
A rapidly growing number of successful genome sequencing projects in plant pathogenic fungi greatly increase the demands for tools and methodologies to study fungal pathogenicity at genomic scale. Magnaporthe oryzae i...A rapidly growing number of successful genome sequencing projects in plant pathogenic fungi greatly increase the demands for tools and methodologies to study fungal pathogenicity at genomic scale. Magnaporthe oryzae is an economically important plant pathogenic fungus whose genome is fully sequenced. Recently we have reported the development and application of functional genomics platform technologies in M. oryzae. This model approach would have many practical ramifications in design and implementation of upcoming functional genomics studies of filamentous fungi aimed at understanding fungal pathogenicity.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program Project of Hunan Province, China (Grant No. 2023NK2003)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFD2301001-03)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFD2301003)
文摘The ratooning system enhances agricultural efficiency by reducing secondary sowing and resource input while maintaining rice yield parity with double cropping.However,the prolonged growth duration of the rice ratooning system extends the exposure window to Magnaporthe oryzae infection,thereby elevating the probability of disease incidence.
基金funded by grants from the National Key R&D Project(2023YFD1400201-02,2023YFD1400203-02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870137)+1 种基金the National Transgenic Research Project(2015ZX08001-002)the Key R&D Project of Guangdong Province(2022B0202060005).
文摘Asian rice comprises two major subspecies:Xian(X)and Geng(G),and the diverged resistance genes(R)have provided a foundation for breeding improved cultivars to control rice blast disease.After conducting two-phase allele mining using six updated FNP marker systems,the functional haplotypes at Pit,Pib,and Pi63 strictly diverged into the X-populations and were defined as X-R loci,while those at Pi54,Pi37,and Pi36 into the G-populations as G-R loci.The genic diversity at the three X-R loci(16 alleles)was twofold higher than that at the three G-R loci(8 alleles),and the allelic diversity in the Southern region(21 alleles)was nearly double that in the Northeastern region(11 alleles).Both observations reflect a significant difference in genetic diversity between X-and G-populations,and indicate that the effective R-genes mainly originated from X-subspecies.Based on the allelic structures characterized by a set of 10 parameters,8 and 16 alleles were respectively recognized as favorable and promising ones for the regional breeding programs.The genotypic structures of the two regional populations were almost different,indicating that the diverged alleles have been further assembled into two series of regional genotypes through long-term breeding programs,despite the presence of one-third of region-common alleles.The genotypic diversity in the Southern region(55 genotypes)was nearly twice as high as that in the Northeastern region(28),which perfectly reflects the aforementioned differences in both genic and allelic diversities.After analyzing the genotypic structures using a set of 13 parameters,4 and 23 genotypes,respectively,can be recommended as the favorable and promising ones for the regional breeding programs.The case study serves as a concrete sample of how to identify the favorable and promising alleles and genotypes,and beneficial parents based their comprehensive population structures for gene-designed breeding.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172365 and 32272513)the Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Fujian Province,China(2022L3088)the Innovative Research Funding of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,China(CXZX2020153D)。
文摘The Elongator complex is conserved in a wide range of species and plays crucial roles in diverse cellular processes.We have previously shown that the Elongator protein PoElp3 was involved in the asexual development,pathogenicity,and autophagy of the rice blast fungus.In this study,we further revealed that PoElp3 functions via tRNA-mediated protein integrity.Phenotypic analyses revealed that overexpression of two of the tRNAs,tK(UUU)and tQ(UUG)could rescue the defects inΔPoelp3 strain.TMT-based proteomic and transcriptional analyses demonstrated that 386 proteins were down-regulated inΔPoelp3 strain compared with wild type strain Guy11,in a transcription-independent manner.Codon usage assays revealed an enrichment of Glutamine CAA-biased mRNA in the 386 proteins compared with the 70-15 genome.In addition to those reported previously,we also found that PoErp9,a sphingolipid C9-methyltransferase,was down-regulated in theΔPoelp3strain.Through an ILV2-specific integration of PoERP9-GFP into the wild type andΔPoelp3 strain,we were able to show that PoErp9 was positively regulated by PoElp3 translationally but not transcriptionally.Functional analyses revealed that PoErp9 was involved in the fungal growth,conidial development,pathogenicity,and TORrelated autophagy homeostasis in Pyricularia oryzae.Taken together,our results suggested that PoElp3 acts through the tRNA-mediated translational efficiency to regulate asexual development,pathogenicity,sphingolipid metabolism,and autophagy in the rice blast fungus.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1000500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32161133012).
文摘The SnRK2 gene family plays important roles in ABA mediated abiotic stress responses.However,the roles and functional mechanism of the SnRK2 gene family in plant immunity are largely unknown.In this study,we report that OsSAPK10,a SnRK2 gene family protein in rice,positively regulates rice blast resistance.The ossapk10 mutation reduced rice blast resistance and overexpression of OsSAPK10 increased it.Furthermore,OsSAPK10 phosphorylates OsPAL1,a positive regulator of rice blast resistance,at Ser82 to stabilize it.Knocking out OsPAL1 also reduced rice blast resistance.Taken together,our findings revealed that OsSAPK10 positively regulates rice immunity via phosphorylating and stabilizing OsPAL1,providing new insight into the functional mechanism of the SnRK2 gene family in biotic stress responses.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFF0711805,2022YFF0711801,and 2021YFF0704204)the Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City,China(Grant No.SCKJ-JYRC-2023-45)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31971792 and 32160421)the Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)(Grant Nos.CAAS-ASTIP-2024-AII and ZDXM23011)the Special Fund of Chinese Central Government for Basic Scientific Research Operations in Commonweal Research Institutes(Grant No.JBYW-AII-2024-05)the Nanfan Special Project,CAAS,China(Grant No.YBXM2312).
文摘Accurate evaluation of disease levels in wild rice germplasm and identification of disease resistance are critical for developing rice varieties resistant to blast disease.However,existing evaluation methods face limitations that hinder progress in breeding.To address these challenges,we proposed an AI-powered method for evaluating blast disease levels and identifying resistance in wild rice.A lightweight segmentation model for diseased leaves and lesions was developed,incorporating an improved federated learning approach to enhance robustness and adaptability.Based on the segmentation results and resistance identification technical specifications,wild rice materials were evaluated into 10 disease levels(L0 to L9),further enabling disease-resistance identification through multiple replicates of the same materials.The method was successfully implemented on augmented reality glasses for real-time,first-person evaluation.Additionally,high-speed scanners and edge computing devices were integrated to enable continuous,precise,and dynamic evaluation.Experimental results demonstrate the outstanding performance of the proposed method,achieving effective segmentation of diseased leaves and lesions with only 0.22 M parameters and 5.3 G floating-point operations per second(FLOPs),with a mean average precision(mAP@0.5)of 96.3%.The accuracy of disease level evaluation and disease-resistance identification reached 99.7%,with a practical test accuracy of 99.0%,successfully identifying three highly resistant wild rice materials.This method provides strong technical support for efficiently identifying wild rice materials resistant to blast disease and advancing resistance breeding efforts.
基金Supported by National Key Technology R&D Program During the Eleventh Five Year Plan (2006BAD08A04)Innovation Project(20076020)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was to understand the effects of β-Amino butyric acid(abbreviated as BABA) induced rice blast resistance on reactive oxygen metabolism. [Method] Using the cultivar Chaochan 2 that is highly susceptible to disease as experimental material, the changes of catalase(CAT), and superoxide dismutase(SOD) and MDA activities in rice treated by BABA were investigated. [Result] In rice plants treated by BABA, the activities of CAT and SOD increased, meanwhile the MDA content also rose to some extent, resulting in the disease resistance to rice blast. [Conclusion] By influencing reactive oxygen metabolism, BABA endows rice plants with resistance to rice blast. BABA is safe to environment and has highly resistance-inducing capacity, it could be generalized in production.
文摘Pi-ta and Pi-b, the first cloned rice blast resistant genes, have been wide- ly used in rice blast resistance breeding for their lasting and stable resistance. To define the distribution of Pi-ta and Pi-b in japonica rice in Jiangsu, the genotypes of resistance genes Pi-ta and Pi-b in 40 varieties and 665 new lines were detected using functional markers of Pi-ta/pi-ta and Pi-b^pi-b alleles. The results showed that the resistance alleles of Pi-ta and Pi-b were widely spread in japonica rice varieties, and the distribution frequency of Pi-b was higher than that of Pi-ta. Most of the Lianjing serial varieties didn＇t carry the two resistance genes, but the two resistance genes were widely distributed in Wujing serial varieties. There was no significant dif- ference in distribution frequency of Pi-ta between new lines and commercial vari- eties. However, the distribution frequency of Pi-b in new lines was higher than that in commercial varieties. It was indicated that artificial selection was conducive to the improvement of distribution frequency of Pi-b in rice varieties. Among the 4 genotypes, the distribution frequency of pi-taJPi-b was highest （60.0%）, followed by Pi-ta/ Pi-b （33.5%） and pi-ta/pi-b （3.9%）. The frequency of Pi-taJpi-b was lowest, account- ing for only 2.6%. In terms of source of resistance genes in the four combinations, the resistant allele Pi-ta might be from parents of Wuxiangjing14, Wujing15 or Nanjing44, and Pi-b might come from parents of Wujing13, Wuxiangjing14, Wujing15 or Nanjing44. The analysis on the genotypic frequencies in offspring of the rice vari- eties showed that the resistance genotype of Pi-ta/Pi-b had the highest frequency in the cross combination of Nanjing44//Wujing13/Kantou194.
基金Supported by Science Research Project of Department of Education of Hubei Province (B20092901)~~
文摘To create a new prediction model, the unbiased GM （1,1） model is optimized by the five-point slide method in this paper. Then, based on the occurrence areas of dce blast in Enshi District during 1995 -2004, the new model and unbiased GM （1, 1 ） model are applied to predict the occurrence areas of rice blast during 2005 -2010. Predicting outcomes show that the prediction accuracy of five-point unbiased sliding optimized GM （1, 1 ） model is higher than the unbiased GM （1,1） model. Finally, combined with the prediction results, the author provides some suggestion for Enshi District in the prevention and control of rice blast in 2010.
基金Supported by Notice on the First Batch of National Modern Agricultural Demonstration Zone by the Ministry of Agriculture([2010]22)the Research and Application Project for the Early Warning and Comprehensive Control of the Major Pests and Diseases for Main Grain and Oil Crops(N1997-ZC002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(XDJK2015C060,SWU114046,2362015xk04)~~
文摘With the aim to improve the level of monitoring and warning as well as the comprehensive control of rice blast disease, and to feasibly reduce the disease threat in Nanchong City, the methods of GPS and GIS, systematical monitoring and field survey, rice blast resistance identification, physiologic races of rice blast monitoring, and meteorological data analysis were performed to study the occurrence and epidemic region division, precise demarcation and occurrence and epidemic regularity of rice blast in Nanchong City. This study first completed the epidemic region division and precise demarcation; first clarified the initial affection（beginning period） locations, occurrence characteristics, epidemic trends and characteristics; explicated the existence of four epidemic peak periods of rice blast in the field, where the damage areas of first peak period played a decisive role during the blast epidemic years; in late May, the cumulative occurrence areas and annual occurrence areas presented higher positive correlation with the correlation coefficient of 0.817;and established a prediction model of occurrence areas per year based on the disease field rate at the end of boot stages and the diseased plant rate at dough stages. The results of investigation on the impact factors investigation of blast disease in Nanchong in recent years suggested that the internal causes were the decrease or loss of blast resistance of the rice cultivars, as well as the increase of physiological races with strong resistance to rice blast and the emergence of new virulent physiologic varieties; the external causes were suitable temperature, too much rainy, and sunlight shortage. Between 2010 and 2015, the short-term forecast accuracy for rice blast in Nanchong was up to 100%, and medium-and long-term forecast accuracy was also up to 98% and 95%, respectively, which increased by 5-15% than that before 1997, thereby making the control effect of rice blast in Nanchong increased by 15-30%.
基金Supported by Notice on the First Batch of National Modern Agricultural Demonstration Zone by the Ministry of Agriculture(Agricultural Project No.[2010]22)One of the Major Pest and Disease Early Warning and Prevention Research Programs for Main Grain and Oil Crops(N1997-ZC002)~~
文摘The study was conducted to reduce blast damage, the use of pesticides residue, environment pollution and control costs, and to make a significant contribution to the improvement of grain production, quality and agriculture ecological environment. Over these years, by the methods of systematical monitoring, regular surveys, field investigation, rice blast resistance identification, experiments and meteorological data analysis, the study on comprehensive prevention and control of rice blast in Nanchong City was conducted. The results showed that the rice varieties more sensitive to blast had a higher incidence of severe blast disease. Replacing,varieties with different source of resistance every three to five years and reasonable variety distribution can effectively reduce the prevalence of rice blast. Appropriate treatment of infected rice straw and pathogen, seed disinfection, seedling disinfection, and pesticide application at transplanting and etc. can delay blast occurrence and reduce the damage caused by blast. By analyzing the blast control efficiency of pesticides applied at different growth stages, we found that best control efficiency against blast was achieved by spraying pesticide twice during the whole growth stage, once 3 d before transplanting or 10 d after transplanting; and once at initial heading stage. Spraying 525 g/hm^2 75% tricyclazole was proven to be the best dosage for blast control. However, 375-450 g/hm^2 75% tricyclazole is enough if the blast incidence is not severe, or the rice varieties are slightly susceptible to blast.The control efficiency against leaf blast between 4% kasugamycin and 20% tricyclazole had no significant difference, but was significantly higher than that of 100 billion spores/g of Bacillus subtilis. The control efficiency against neck blast had no significant difference among 4% kasugamycin, 20% tricyclazole and 100 billion spores/g of B. subtilis. 450 g/hm^2 75% tricyclazole had better control efficiency against neck blast than 2 250 g/hm^2 2% 800 million spores/g Jinggangmycin-wax bud bacteria SC, 1 050 g/hm^2 41% kasugamycin-isoprothiolane WP and 900 g/hm^2 41%kasugamycin-isoprothiolane WP. The frequency of severe blast incidence in Nanchong City has reached 50% since 1997. The rice blast disease has been effectively controlled by comprehensive prevention and control technology, reducing the production loss to less than 2%, and pesticides by 4 523 t in total. In 2014, 327000 t rice grains were approved as pollution-free, green and organic agricultural products, indicating that the blast control measures produced great economic, social and ecological values.
文摘The article systematically summarizes the pathogen, incidence law and disease symptom of rice blast, and raises the integrated control technique for the disease, which will provide the certain theoretical basis for the control of the disease, being benefit for the actual production of rice in field.
基金Supported by Anshan Science and Technology Project (2006SH19)~~
文摘[ ObjeeUve ] To search for the beneficial microorganisms and their metabolic products with control effect against rice Mast, the paper studied the inhibi- tion effect of the fermentation broth of actinomycetes BOS-013 strain against the pathogen of rice blast （Pyricularia oryzae）. [ Method ] With P. oryzae as the target indicator fungus, the inhibition effect of the fermentation broth of BOS-013 strain and its extracts from different solvents against the pathogen were determined using cylinder plate method and filter paper method. [ Result] The results showed that the inhibition rate of the fermentation broth of BOS-013 strain with fungus amount of 4×10^8 cfu/ml against P. oryzae was 92.0% ±0.5% ; the fermentation broth still had inhibition effect against P. oryaae after inactivation under high temperature and high pressure, and the inhibition rate was 60.0%±0.5%. After absorbed by non-polar CAD-45 type macroperous adsorption resin and eluted by 60% etha- nol, the antifungal activity of the fermentation broth was still high, and the diameter of inhibition zone reached 33.0 mm. [ Conclusion] The fermentation broth of BOS-O13 strain had significant inhibition effect against P. oryzae. The results would provide foundation for further clarification of inhibition mechanism of BOS-013 strain fermentation broth against P. oryzae and its practical application.
文摘Compatible and incompatible reactions in rice plants ( Oryza sativa L. cv. Shenxianggen No.4) were resulted from inoculation with two different virulent races of rice blast fungus ( Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) Barr), and thus an effective infecting system was established between rice plants and the rice blast pathogen. Two cDNA clones that showed induced and temporal patterns in expression in the very early stage in response to infection of the fungus were obtained from the plants by use of differential display. Of the two cDNA clones, Fastresp_a was induced to express in both compatible and incompatible interactions although it was expressed earlier in the former reaction. The second one, Fastresp_b , was only expressed in incompatible interaction. Southern blot analysis of the rice genomic DNA indicated that both of the two clones were from genome of the plant. No significant homology to the two genes was found from the rice gene database. This suggested that they were novel genes in rice and may play important roles in rice resistant response to infection of rice blast fungus.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFD0100400)the Key Studying and Developing Project of Jiangsu Province for Modern Agriculture(Grant No.BE2018351)+9 种基金the Major Project of Jiangsu Province for Significant New Varieties Development(Grant No.PZCZ201702)the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding(Grant No.BM2018003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31971868)the National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Special Fund(Grant No.CARS-01-60)the‘333’Project of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BRA2017163)the Key Studying and Developing Project of Yangzhou City for Modern Agriculture(Grant No.YZ2018048)the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund[(Grant Nos.CX(18)1003)and CX(18)2022)]Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests(Grant No.SKLOF 201909)Opening Foundation of Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education(Grant No.ML201806)Fund of Institute of Agricultural Sciences for Lixiahe Region in Jiangsu(Grant No.SJ17201).
文摘Rice blast is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice production worldwide.The development and rational use of resistant varieties has been the most effective and economical measure to control blast.In this review,we summarized the cloning and utilization of rice blast resistance genes,such as Pi1,Pi2,Pi9,Pi54,Pigm and Piz-t.We concluded that three main problems in the current breeding of rice blast resistance are:availability of few R(resistance)genes that confer resistance to both seedling and panicle blast,the resistance effect of pyramided lines is not the result of a simple accumulation of resistance spectrum,and only a few R genes have been successfully used for molecular breeding.Therefore,novel utilization strategies for rice blast R genes in molecular breeding were proposed,such as accurately understanding the utilization of R genes in main modern rice varieties,creating a core resistant germplasm with excellent comprehensive traits,screening and utilizing broadspectrum and durable resistance gene combinations.Lastly,the trends and possible development direction of blast resistance improvement were also discussed,including new genes regulating resistance identified via GWAS(genome-wide association study)and improving rice blast resistance using genetic editing.
基金supported by the ‘948’ Project of Ministry of Agriculture, China (Grant No. 2006-G61)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 04101156)+2 种基金the Science and Technique Project of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2005B20101006 and No. 0711124900076)the Science and Technique Project of Guangzhou City, China (Grant No. 2005C12E0061)the Science Fundamental Research Foundation of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China.
文摘Race-specific resistance and field resistance of 30 rice blast resistance monogenic lines derived from different resources were evaluated. The spectra of resistance to 163 Magnaporthe grisea isolates collected from indica rice in Guangdong Province, China ranged from 0.6% to 89.6%. Most of the monogenic lines showed a narrow resistance spectrum and high susceptibility in rice blast area, whereas the lines with Pikh and Pi1(t) had the broad resistance spectra of 89.6% and 82.2% respectively, showing a high and stable blast resistance in fields. According to the cluster analysis of specific resistance to 163 blast isolates tested, the 30 monogenic lines were divided into 15 groups, and based on the principal factor analysis, nine kinds of race-specific resistance were identified. Pik, Piz5, Pi9 and Pish can be used as candidate resistance genes for rice breeding since their specific resistance differed from those of the backbone parents in Guangdong, China. Gene pyramiding of Pikh [or Pi1(t)], Pi9 (or Piz5) and Pish (or Pita2) will be effective to obtain broad-spectrum blast resistance in rice breeding program in Guangdong, China. The strategies for studying and application of rice blast resistance genes were discussed.
基金supported by the Program for Supporting New-century Excellent Talents of Ministry of Education, China (Grant No. NCET-04-0907)the Program for Supporting Development of Innovative Research Teams of Ministry of Education, China (Grant No. IRT0453)the Applied Basic Research Program of Sichuan Province, China (Grant No. 2008JY0023-1)
文摘Resistance to rice blast of transgenic rice lines harboring rice blast resistance gene Pi-d2 transformed from three different expression vectors of pCB6.3kb, pCB5.3kb and pZH01-2.72kb were analyzed. Nine advanced-generation transgenic rice lines with Pi-d2 gene displayed various resistance to 39 rice blast strains, and the highest disease-resistant frequency reached 91.7%. Four early-generation homozygous transgenic lines with Pi-d2 gene exhibited resistance to more than 81.5% of 58 rice blast strains, showing the characteristic of wide-spectrum resistance. The transgenic embryonic calli selected by the crude toxin of rice blast fungus showed that the callus induction rate of immature embryo from transgenic rice plants decreased as the concentration of crude toxin in the culture medium increased. When the concentration of crude toxin reached 40%, the callus induction rate of immature embryo from transgenic lines was 49.3%, and that of the receptor control was 5%. The disease incidence of neck blast of the transgenic rice lines in fields under induction was 0% to 50%, indicating that the rice blast resistance of transgenic rice lines is much higher than that of the receptor control.
基金surported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(39960039)the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Provinee(2002C0079M),China
文摘The receptor cultivar Nan29 and thirty-six T5 rice lines derived from ten T0 generation transgen-ic plants harboring lysozyme gene were challenged in the greenhouse by inoculating 63 isolates belonging to 48 races of Magnaporthe grisea from Yunnan Province. The transgenic rice lines exhibited resistance to more than 72% of isolates inoculated in this experiment, and 38.1% (24 isolates) of them could infect the receptor cultivar Nan29. The results indicated that the transgenic rice lines possessed wide-spectrum resistance against various rice blast races and the resistant spectrum of rice lines were different although some lines derived from same T0 plant. The transgenic rice lines exhibited also high resistance to leaf and neck blast in the disease field evaluation, but not all of resistant lines against leaf blast were resistant to neck blast.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(Grant No.2022J01611).
文摘Rice blast is regarded as one of the major diseases of rice.Screening rice genotypes with high resistance to rice blast is a key strategy for ensuring global food security.Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV)-based imaging,coupled with deep learning,can acquire high-throughput imagery related to rice blast infection.In this study,we developed a segmented detection model(called RiceblastSegMask)for rice blast detection and resistance evaluation.The feasibility of different backbones and target detection models was further investigated.RiceblastSegMask is a two-stage instance segmentation model,comprising an image-denoising backbone network,a feature pyramid,a trinomial tree fine-grained feature extraction combination network,and an image pixel codec module.The results showed that the model combining the image-denoising and fine-grained feature extraction based on the Swin Transformer and the feature pixel matching feature labels with the trinomial tree recursive algorithm performed the best.The overall accuracy for instance segmentation of RiceblastSegMask reached 97.56%,and it demonstrated a satisfactory accuracy of 90.29%for grading unique resistance to rice blast.These results indicated that low-altitude remote sensing using UAV,in conjunction with the proposed RiceblastSegMask model,can efficiently calculate the extent of rice blast infection,offering a new phenotypic tool for evaluating rice blast resistance on a field scale in rice breeding programs.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan(01NG10,01C0007Z,AA211091 and 30160048)the Shanghai Commission of Education(00XD14006).
文摘Field experiments of mixed- (intercropping) and pure-planting (monoculture) of four rice varieties, representing improved hybrid varieties (Shanyou63 and Shanyou22) and high-quality traditional varieties (Huangkenuo and Zigu) from Yunnan Province, were conducted based on their differences in genetic background and agro-economical characteristics. The results demonstrated that the mixed-planting of the hybrid rice and high-quality traditional rice varieties had a significantly greater effect on controlling rice blast disease than the monoculture of these varieties, particularly the traditional ones. It is evident for the highly susceptible traditional varieties in mixed-planting to achieve disease control, with significant decreases in blast incidences and severity indexes. The blast control efficiency reached up to 83-98% under such planting model. This suggests that an appropriate mixed-planting of rice varieties with diverse genetic background and agro-economical characteristics is an effective approach for rice blast control. In addition, resistance of the traditional rice varieties to lodging was considerably increased in the plots with mixed-planting, compared with the plots with monoculture. The average rate of grain-yield increase ranged from 6. 5 to 9.7% in the plots with mixed-planting.
基金a grant from Biogreen 21 Project (No. 20080401034044)the Rural Development Administration of Korea, the Crop Functional Genomics Center (No. CG1141) of the 21st Century Frontier Research Program funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Koreathe Korean Research Foundation Grant (No. KRF-2006-005-J04701)
文摘A rapidly growing number of successful genome sequencing projects in plant pathogenic fungi greatly increase the demands for tools and methodologies to study fungal pathogenicity at genomic scale. Magnaporthe oryzae is an economically important plant pathogenic fungus whose genome is fully sequenced. Recently we have reported the development and application of functional genomics platform technologies in M. oryzae. This model approach would have many practical ramifications in design and implementation of upcoming functional genomics studies of filamentous fungi aimed at understanding fungal pathogenicity.
