Respiratory infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality and are a major global health problem[1].Acute respiratory infections are caused by multiple respiratory pathogens,including viruses and bacteria...Respiratory infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality and are a major global health problem[1].Acute respiratory infections are caused by multiple respiratory pathogens,including viruses and bacteria.Viral-bacterial co-infections,which have become increasingly common and a global concern,can lead to substantial complications,causing higher morbidity and adverse prognosis[2].Previous studies have reported low positive detection rates of targeted pathogens related to acute respiratory infections,owing to the limited number of detected pathogens and variations in the sensitivity of diagnostic methods[3-4].Low positive detection rates may impede our understanding of respiratory pathogen characteristics and hamper the development of precise treatment and prevention strategies.展开更多
Objective Lower respiratory tract infections continue to pose a significant threat to human health. It is important to accurately and rapidly detect respiratory bacteria. To compensate for the limits of current respir...Objective Lower respiratory tract infections continue to pose a significant threat to human health. It is important to accurately and rapidly detect respiratory bacteria. To compensate for the limits of current respiratory bacteria detection methods, we developed a combination of multiplex polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and capillary electrophoresis （MPCE） assay to detect thirteen bacterial pathogens responsible for lower respiratory tract infections, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catorrholis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella spp., Bordetella pertussis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Corynebactefium diphthefiae, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Methods Three multiplex PCR reactions were built, and the products were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis using the high-throughput DNA analyzer. The specificity of the MPCE assay was examined and the detection limit was evaluated using DNA samples from each bacterial strain and the simulative samples of each strain. This assay was further evaluated using 152 clinical specimens and compared with real-time PCR reactions. For this assay, three nested-multiplex-PCRs were used to detect these clinical specimens. Results The detection limits of the MPCE assay for the 13 pathogens were very low and ranged from 10-7 to 10-2 ng/μL. Furthermore, analysis of the 252 clinical specimens yielded a specificity ranging from 96.5%-100.0%, and a sensitivity of 100.0% for the 13 pathogens. Conclusion This study revealed that the MPCE with high specificity and sensitivity. This assay survey of respiratory pathogens. assay is a rapid, reliable, and high-throughput method has great potential in the molecular epidemiological.展开更多
Introduction Social contact patterns significantly influence the transmission dynamics of respiratory pathogens.Previous surveys have quantified human social contact patterns,yielding heterogeneous results across diff...Introduction Social contact patterns significantly influence the transmission dynamics of respiratory pathogens.Previous surveys have quantified human social contact patterns,yielding heterogeneous results across different locations.However,significant gaps remain in understanding social contact patterns in rural areas of China.Methods We conducted a pioneering study to quantify social contact patterns in Anhua County,Hunan Province,China,from June to October 2021,when there were minimal coronavirus disease-related restrictions in the area.Additionally,we simulated the epidemics under different assumptions regarding the relative transmission risks of various contact types(e.g.,indoor versus outdoor,and physical versus non-physical).Results Participants reported an average of 12.0 contacts per day(95%confidence interval:11.3–12.6),with a significantly higher number of indoor contacts compared to outdoor contacts.The number of contacts was associated with various socio-demographic characteristics,including age,education level,income,household size,and travel patterns.Contact patterns were assortative by age and varied based on the type of contact(e.g.,physical versus non-physical).The reproduction number,daily incidence,and infection attack rate of simulated epidemics were remarkably stable.Discussion We found many intergenerational households and contacts that pose challenges in preventing and controlling infections among the elderly in rural China.Our study also underscores the importance of integrating various types of contact pattern data into epidemiological models and provides guidance to public health authorities and other major stakeholders in preparing and responding to infectious disease threats in rural China.展开更多
Clinical surveillance for respiratory pathogens has traditionally been challenging in lowresource settings,such as Western China.A low-cost wastewater monitoring network offers an alternative solution.To explore this,...Clinical surveillance for respiratory pathogens has traditionally been challenging in lowresource settings,such as Western China.A low-cost wastewater monitoring network offers an alternative solution.To explore this,we first compared the sensitivity of a MeltArray-based qPCR assay,which detects 25 respiratory pathogens,with singleplex qPCR using both mock and real wastewater samples.We then employed this MeltArray assay to detect these respiratory pathogens in wastewater from a low-income region in Xi’an city from September 2023 to January 2024.Following this,qPCR and MLST were employed to quantify the dynamics of positive respiratory pathogens and confirm their genotypes.Results showed unusual surges in sewage influenza A virus(IAV)and adenovirus levels starting in October 2023,persisting until late December.Additionally,influenza B virus(IBV)outbreaks were identified beginning in late December.These findings matched the positivity rates reported by a sentinel hospital.For coronaviruses,HCoV-229E/OC43 were consistently detected in wastewater,while SARS-CoV-2 was occasionally found.The qPCR assays revealed continuous increases in sewage Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Hemophilus influenzae concentrations since September,both peaking in October.Genotyping confirmed the circulation of specific bacterial genotypes in the region.Therefore,to the best of our knowledge,this study is possibly the first to evaluate the efficacy of qPCR assays for wastewater monitoring of respiratory bacterial pathogens.Thus,these findings provide significant insights into the co-circulation of various respiratory pathogens during the autumn and winter of 2023,thereby suggesting that wastewater surveillance could be a powerful tool for the early warning of respiratory diseases.展开更多
Objective To investigate the epidemiological features in children after the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Methods This study collected throat swabs and serum samples from hospitalized pediatric patients o...Objective To investigate the epidemiological features in children after the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Methods This study collected throat swabs and serum samples from hospitalized pediatric patients of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei province,China before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.Respiratory infected pathogens[adenovirus(ADV),influenza virus A/B(Flu A/B),parainfluenza virus 1/2/3(PIV1/2/3),respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP),and Chlamydia pneumoniae(CP)]were detected.The pathogens,age,and gender were used to analyze the epidemiological features in children after the COVID-19 pandemic.Results The pathogen detection rate was significantly higher in females than in males(P<0.05),and the infection of PIV1 and MP was mainly manifested.After the COVID-19 pandemic,PIV1,PIV3,RSV,and MP had statistically different detection rates among the age groups(P<0.05),and was mainly detected in patients aged 0–6 years,0–3 years,0–3 years,and 1–6 years,respectively.When comparing before the COVID-19 pandemic,the total detection rate of common respiratory pathogens was lower(P<0.05).Except for the increase in the detection rate of PIV1 and CP,the infection rate of other pathogens had almost decreased.Conclusion The prevention and control measures for the COVID-19 pandemic effectively changed the epidemiological features of common respiratory tract infectious diseases in pediatric children.展开更多
Since May 2006,a highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus （HP-PRRSV） variant characterized by 30 amino acids deletion within its NSP2-coding region emerged and caused extensive economic ...Since May 2006,a highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus （HP-PRRSV） variant characterized by 30 amino acids deletion within its NSP2-coding region emerged and caused extensive economic losses to China＇s pig industry.To investigate the in vivo pathogenicity and immune responses of the newly emerging PRRSV,3 groups of 60-d-old conventional piglets were inoculated intranasally with a representative strain of the HP-PRRSV variant HuN4 with 3 different infection doses （3×103-3×105 TCID50）.The results revealed that the virus variant caused severe disease in piglets and the significant clinical characteristics consisted of persistently high fever （41.0-41.9oC） and high morbidity and mortality （60-100%）,the marked clinical signs of PRRS and severe histopathogenic damages in multiple organs.It induced rapid and intense humoral immune responses and seroconversion was detected in most infected pigs at 7 d post-infection （DPI）.The virus vigorously replicated in vivo and the highest virus average titer was 9.7 log copies mL-1 serum at 7 DPI.Elevated levels of IFN-g and IL-10 cytokine production in serum in this study were also observed.Taken together,our results demonstrated that the HP-PRRSV variant HuN4 strain is highly pathogenic for piglets and suitable to be a reference strain of highly virulent PRRSV for evaluating the efficacy of the new vaccines.展开更多
Introduction:Respiratory pathogens pose a complex challenge for public health systems.In the winter of 2023,multiple respiratory pathogens showed staggered epidemic waves.Additionally,co-infections involving various p...Introduction:Respiratory pathogens pose a complex challenge for public health systems.In the winter of 2023,multiple respiratory pathogens showed staggered epidemic waves.Additionally,co-infections involving various pathogens were observed,resulting in significant disease burdens.Understanding the epidemiological dynamics of these pathogens is essential for supporting public health systems in the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases.展开更多
Introduction:Human respiratory syncytial virus(HRSV)is the predominant respiratory pathogen causing acute respiratory tract infection(ARTI).Globally,HRSV infection represents the leading cause of acute respiratory mor...Introduction:Human respiratory syncytial virus(HRSV)is the predominant respiratory pathogen causing acute respiratory tract infection(ARTI).Globally,HRSV infection represents the leading cause of acute respiratory morbidity and hospitalization in children under 2 years of age.HRSV infection continues to pose a significant public health challenge worldwide.Through epidemiological surveillance of HRSV in children with ARTI,we can elucidate its incidence patterns and epidemic characteristics to inform evidence-based prevention and control strategies.Methods:We collected upper and lower respiratory tract specimens and clinical data from children under 14 years of age with ARTI.HRSV was detected using Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction to analyze its incidence and epidemic characteristics.Results:Among 1,440 specimens,the overall HRSV detection rate was 7.8%(HRSVA and HRSVB detection rates were 4.0%and 3.8%,respectively).Detection rates peaked in spring(12.2%),followed by winter(10.3%),with the lowest rates in autumn(2.8%)(P<0.05).HRSVB was the dominant subtype throughout 2021,while HRSVA predominated during 2022 and the first half of 2023.Detection rates were significantly higher in children under 5 years compared to older children,with lower respiratory tract infections in the 0-2 years age group showing notably higher detection rates(18.1%)than upper respiratory tract infections(8.1%)(P<0.05).Conclusions:HRSV exhibited consistent circulation among children with ARTI in the Shijiazhuang area from 2021 to 2023,characterized by winter and spring outbreaks and alternating predominance of subtypes A and B.Infections predominantly affected children under 5 years of age.展开更多
The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic renewed interest in other previously discovered human coronaviruses—the non-severe acute respiratory syndrome human coronavirus (non-SARS hCoVs) and this study is a starting point for a...The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic renewed interest in other previously discovered human coronaviruses—the non-severe acute respiratory syndrome human coronavirus (non-SARS hCoVs) and this study is a starting point for a closer investigation of those. With the pandemic behind us we believe it to be important to also examine the current and past respiratory pathogen landscape in the patient population in our care. Therefore, 954 nasopharyngeal swabs of patients with respiratory diseases collected between October 2018 and March 2020 were tested against the pathogens Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Bordetella pertussis, Influenza A and virus, Human metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, Parainfluenza virus, human Adenovirus and Polyoma virus BK/JC. Swabs negative against these pathogens were further tested for OC43 and 229E by RT-qPCR. Human coronaviruses 229E and OC43 were proven as the causative agents in a considerable number of cases, confirmed by PCR. Overall, our results show that those two non-SARS hCoVs were responsible for 13.9% (11 of 79) of infections with flu-like symptoms of unknown etiology in the study area. In the subsequent seroprevalence study, it was shown that the seroprevalence rate of IgG antibodies against 229E and OC43 was over 50%, indicating that a big part of the population in our study area has been in contact with these non-SARS-CoVs and has built the specific humoral immune response accordingly.展开更多
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGs)has been widely applied to identify pathogens associated with infectious diseases.However,limited studies have explored the use of mNGs-based dynamic pathogen monitoring in ...Metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGs)has been widely applied to identify pathogens associated with infectious diseases.However,limited studies have explored the use of mNGs-based dynamic pathogen monitoring in intensive care unit patients with severe pneumonia.Here,we present a clinical case of an 86-year-old male patient with severe pneumonia caused by a fungal infection.During the clinical treatment,four mNGS analyses were performed within two consecutive weeks.Various respiratory fungal pathogens,including Candida orthopsilosis,Candida albicans,and Aspergillus fumigatus were detected by mNGS of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF).Based on conventional pathogen identification and clinical symptoms,the patient was diagnosed with severe pneumonia caused by a fungal infection.The abundance of fungal species decreased gradually in response to antifungal and empirical therapies,and the fungal infections were effectively con-trolled.In summary,our results demonstrated that mNGS could effectively identify pathogens in patients with severe pneumonia.Additionally,dynamic pathogen monitoring based on mNGS could assist in the precise diag-nosis of complex infections and may facilitate rapid induction of the most appropriate therapy.展开更多
The lethal chronic airway infection of the cystic fibrosis(CF)patients is predisposed by colonization of specific CF-philic pathogens or the CF microbiomes,but key processes and reasons of the microbiome settlement in...The lethal chronic airway infection of the cystic fibrosis(CF)patients is predisposed by colonization of specific CF-philic pathogens or the CF microbiomes,but key processes and reasons of the microbiome settlement in the patients are yet to be fully understood,especially their survival and metabolic dynamics from normal to diseased status under treatment.Here,we report our meta-analysis results on CF airway microbiomes based on metabolic networks reconstructed from genome information at species level.The microbiomes of CF patients appear to engage much more redox-related activities than those of controls,and by constructing a large dataset of anti-oxidative stress(anti-OS)genes,our quantitative evaluation of the anti-OS capacity of each bacterial species in the CF microbiomes confirms strong conservation of the anti-OS responses within genera and also shows that the CF pathogens have significantly higher anti-OS capacity than commensals and other typical respiratory pathogens.In addition,the anti-OS capacity of a relevant species correlates with its relative fitness for the airways of CF patients over that for the airways of controls.Moreover,the total anti-OS capacity of the respiratory microbiome of CF patients is collectively higher than that of controls,which increases with disease progression,especially after episodes of acute exacerbation and antibiotic treatment.According to these results,we propose that the increased OS in the airways of CF patients may play an important role in reshaping airway microbiomes to a more resistant status that favors the pre-infection colonization of the CF pathogens for a higher anti-OS capacity.展开更多
基金supported by the Beijing Science and Technology Planning Project of the Beijing Science and Technology Commission(Z241100009024047)the High-Level Public Health Technical Talent Training Plan(lingjunrencai-01-02).
文摘Respiratory infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality and are a major global health problem[1].Acute respiratory infections are caused by multiple respiratory pathogens,including viruses and bacteria.Viral-bacterial co-infections,which have become increasingly common and a global concern,can lead to substantial complications,causing higher morbidity and adverse prognosis[2].Previous studies have reported low positive detection rates of targeted pathogens related to acute respiratory infections,owing to the limited number of detected pathogens and variations in the sensitivity of diagnostic methods[3-4].Low positive detection rates may impede our understanding of respiratory pathogen characteristics and hamper the development of precise treatment and prevention strategies.
基金supported by grants from the Priority Project on Infectious Disease Control and Prevention(2012ZX10004215,2013ZX10004610)from Ministry of Health,China,and the Science Foundation for the State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control from China(Grant No.2015SKLID508)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81671985)and(Grant No.81170009)
文摘Objective Lower respiratory tract infections continue to pose a significant threat to human health. It is important to accurately and rapidly detect respiratory bacteria. To compensate for the limits of current respiratory bacteria detection methods, we developed a combination of multiplex polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and capillary electrophoresis （MPCE） assay to detect thirteen bacterial pathogens responsible for lower respiratory tract infections, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catorrholis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella spp., Bordetella pertussis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Corynebactefium diphthefiae, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Methods Three multiplex PCR reactions were built, and the products were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis using the high-throughput DNA analyzer. The specificity of the MPCE assay was examined and the detection limit was evaluated using DNA samples from each bacterial strain and the simulative samples of each strain. This assay was further evaluated using 152 clinical specimens and compared with real-time PCR reactions. For this assay, three nested-multiplex-PCRs were used to detect these clinical specimens. Results The detection limits of the MPCE assay for the 13 pathogens were very low and ranged from 10-7 to 10-2 ng/μL. Furthermore, analysis of the 252 clinical specimens yielded a specificity ranging from 96.5%-100.0%, and a sensitivity of 100.0% for the 13 pathogens. Conclusion This study revealed that the MPCE with high specificity and sensitivity. This assay survey of respiratory pathogens. assay is a rapid, reliable, and high-throughput method has great potential in the molecular epidemiological.
基金funded by the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(ZD2021CY001)the National Institute for Health Research(NIHR)(16/137/109)using UK aid from the UK Government to support global health research+2 种基金the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82130093)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92369118 and 82304202)Shanghai Rising-Star Program(No.22QA1402300).
文摘Introduction Social contact patterns significantly influence the transmission dynamics of respiratory pathogens.Previous surveys have quantified human social contact patterns,yielding heterogeneous results across different locations.However,significant gaps remain in understanding social contact patterns in rural areas of China.Methods We conducted a pioneering study to quantify social contact patterns in Anhua County,Hunan Province,China,from June to October 2021,when there were minimal coronavirus disease-related restrictions in the area.Additionally,we simulated the epidemics under different assumptions regarding the relative transmission risks of various contact types(e.g.,indoor versus outdoor,and physical versus non-physical).Results Participants reported an average of 12.0 contacts per day(95%confidence interval:11.3–12.6),with a significantly higher number of indoor contacts compared to outdoor contacts.The number of contacts was associated with various socio-demographic characteristics,including age,education level,income,household size,and travel patterns.Contact patterns were assortative by age and varied based on the type of contact(e.g.,physical versus non-physical).The reproduction number,daily incidence,and infection attack rate of simulated epidemics were remarkably stable.Discussion We found many intergenerational households and contacts that pose challenges in preventing and controlling infections among the elderly in rural China.Our study also underscores the importance of integrating various types of contact pattern data into epidemiological models and provides guidance to public health authorities and other major stakeholders in preparing and responding to infectious disease threats in rural China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81903372 and 82172312)the Open fund of National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases(China)(No.2024NITFID310).
文摘Clinical surveillance for respiratory pathogens has traditionally been challenging in lowresource settings,such as Western China.A low-cost wastewater monitoring network offers an alternative solution.To explore this,we first compared the sensitivity of a MeltArray-based qPCR assay,which detects 25 respiratory pathogens,with singleplex qPCR using both mock and real wastewater samples.We then employed this MeltArray assay to detect these respiratory pathogens in wastewater from a low-income region in Xi’an city from September 2023 to January 2024.Following this,qPCR and MLST were employed to quantify the dynamics of positive respiratory pathogens and confirm their genotypes.Results showed unusual surges in sewage influenza A virus(IAV)and adenovirus levels starting in October 2023,persisting until late December.Additionally,influenza B virus(IBV)outbreaks were identified beginning in late December.These findings matched the positivity rates reported by a sentinel hospital.For coronaviruses,HCoV-229E/OC43 were consistently detected in wastewater,while SARS-CoV-2 was occasionally found.The qPCR assays revealed continuous increases in sewage Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Hemophilus influenzae concentrations since September,both peaking in October.Genotyping confirmed the circulation of specific bacterial genotypes in the region.Therefore,to the best of our knowledge,this study is possibly the first to evaluate the efficacy of qPCR assays for wastewater monitoring of respiratory bacterial pathogens.Thus,these findings provide significant insights into the co-circulation of various respiratory pathogens during the autumn and winter of 2023,thereby suggesting that wastewater surveillance could be a powerful tool for the early warning of respiratory diseases.
基金supported by grants from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2042022kf1215)the Special Funds for Innovation in Scientific Research Program of Zhongshan(No.2020AG024)+4 种基金Chinese Foundation for Hepatitis Prevention and Control:TianQing Liver Disease Research Fund Subject(No.TGQB20210109)the Open Funds of Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province(No.KFJJ-202005 and No.KFJJ-201907)the Open Research Program of the State Key Laboratory of Virology of China(No.2021KF002 and No.2021KF006)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2020CFB619)Wuhan Municipal Health Research Foundation(No.WX21Z36).
文摘Objective To investigate the epidemiological features in children after the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Methods This study collected throat swabs and serum samples from hospitalized pediatric patients of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei province,China before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.Respiratory infected pathogens[adenovirus(ADV),influenza virus A/B(Flu A/B),parainfluenza virus 1/2/3(PIV1/2/3),respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP),and Chlamydia pneumoniae(CP)]were detected.The pathogens,age,and gender were used to analyze the epidemiological features in children after the COVID-19 pandemic.Results The pathogen detection rate was significantly higher in females than in males(P<0.05),and the infection of PIV1 and MP was mainly manifested.After the COVID-19 pandemic,PIV1,PIV3,RSV,and MP had statistically different detection rates among the age groups(P<0.05),and was mainly detected in patients aged 0–6 years,0–3 years,0–3 years,and 1–6 years,respectively.When comparing before the COVID-19 pandemic,the total detection rate of common respiratory pathogens was lower(P<0.05).Except for the increase in the detection rate of PIV1 and CP,the infection rate of other pathogens had almost decreased.Conclusion The prevention and control measures for the COVID-19 pandemic effectively changed the epidemiological features of common respiratory tract infectious diseases in pediatric children.
基金supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program,2005CB523200)the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program,2006AA10A20 4)+1 种基金the National Key Technology R&D Program (2006BAD 06A04/18/01/03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30470072)
文摘Since May 2006,a highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus （HP-PRRSV） variant characterized by 30 amino acids deletion within its NSP2-coding region emerged and caused extensive economic losses to China＇s pig industry.To investigate the in vivo pathogenicity and immune responses of the newly emerging PRRSV,3 groups of 60-d-old conventional piglets were inoculated intranasally with a representative strain of the HP-PRRSV variant HuN4 with 3 different infection doses （3×103-3×105 TCID50）.The results revealed that the virus variant caused severe disease in piglets and the significant clinical characteristics consisted of persistently high fever （41.0-41.9oC） and high morbidity and mortality （60-100%）,the marked clinical signs of PRRS and severe histopathogenic damages in multiple organs.It induced rapid and intense humoral immune responses and seroconversion was detected in most infected pigs at 7 d post-infection （DPI）.The virus vigorously replicated in vivo and the highest virus average titer was 9.7 log copies mL-1 serum at 7 DPI.Elevated levels of IFN-g and IL-10 cytokine production in serum in this study were also observed.Taken together,our results demonstrated that the HP-PRRSV variant HuN4 strain is highly pathogenic for piglets and suitable to be a reference strain of highly virulent PRRSV for evaluating the efficacy of the new vaccines.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC2307500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82341115 and 32425053)+4 种基金Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases(BJRID2024-003)National Science and Technology Infrastructure of China(National Pathogen Resource Center-NPRC-32)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(Y2021034)CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-086)Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZYYCXTD-D-202208).
文摘Introduction:Respiratory pathogens pose a complex challenge for public health systems.In the winter of 2023,multiple respiratory pathogens showed staggered epidemic waves.Additionally,co-infections involving various pathogens were observed,resulting in significant disease burdens.Understanding the epidemiological dynamics of these pathogens is essential for supporting public health systems in the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases.
文摘Introduction:Human respiratory syncytial virus(HRSV)is the predominant respiratory pathogen causing acute respiratory tract infection(ARTI).Globally,HRSV infection represents the leading cause of acute respiratory morbidity and hospitalization in children under 2 years of age.HRSV infection continues to pose a significant public health challenge worldwide.Through epidemiological surveillance of HRSV in children with ARTI,we can elucidate its incidence patterns and epidemic characteristics to inform evidence-based prevention and control strategies.Methods:We collected upper and lower respiratory tract specimens and clinical data from children under 14 years of age with ARTI.HRSV was detected using Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction to analyze its incidence and epidemic characteristics.Results:Among 1,440 specimens,the overall HRSV detection rate was 7.8%(HRSVA and HRSVB detection rates were 4.0%and 3.8%,respectively).Detection rates peaked in spring(12.2%),followed by winter(10.3%),with the lowest rates in autumn(2.8%)(P<0.05).HRSVB was the dominant subtype throughout 2021,while HRSVA predominated during 2022 and the first half of 2023.Detection rates were significantly higher in children under 5 years compared to older children,with lower respiratory tract infections in the 0-2 years age group showing notably higher detection rates(18.1%)than upper respiratory tract infections(8.1%)(P<0.05).Conclusions:HRSV exhibited consistent circulation among children with ARTI in the Shijiazhuang area from 2021 to 2023,characterized by winter and spring outbreaks and alternating predominance of subtypes A and B.Infections predominantly affected children under 5 years of age.
文摘The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic renewed interest in other previously discovered human coronaviruses—the non-severe acute respiratory syndrome human coronavirus (non-SARS hCoVs) and this study is a starting point for a closer investigation of those. With the pandemic behind us we believe it to be important to also examine the current and past respiratory pathogen landscape in the patient population in our care. Therefore, 954 nasopharyngeal swabs of patients with respiratory diseases collected between October 2018 and March 2020 were tested against the pathogens Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Bordetella pertussis, Influenza A and virus, Human metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, Parainfluenza virus, human Adenovirus and Polyoma virus BK/JC. Swabs negative against these pathogens were further tested for OC43 and 229E by RT-qPCR. Human coronaviruses 229E and OC43 were proven as the causative agents in a considerable number of cases, confirmed by PCR. Overall, our results show that those two non-SARS hCoVs were responsible for 13.9% (11 of 79) of infections with flu-like symptoms of unknown etiology in the study area. In the subsequent seroprevalence study, it was shown that the seroprevalence rate of IgG antibodies against 229E and OC43 was over 50%, indicating that a big part of the population in our study area has been in contact with these non-SARS-CoVs and has built the specific humoral immune response accordingly.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2300101).
文摘Metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGs)has been widely applied to identify pathogens associated with infectious diseases.However,limited studies have explored the use of mNGs-based dynamic pathogen monitoring in intensive care unit patients with severe pneumonia.Here,we present a clinical case of an 86-year-old male patient with severe pneumonia caused by a fungal infection.During the clinical treatment,four mNGS analyses were performed within two consecutive weeks.Various respiratory fungal pathogens,including Candida orthopsilosis,Candida albicans,and Aspergillus fumigatus were detected by mNGS of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF).Based on conventional pathogen identification and clinical symptoms,the patient was diagnosed with severe pneumonia caused by a fungal infection.The abundance of fungal species decreased gradually in response to antifungal and empirical therapies,and the fungal infections were effectively con-trolled.In summary,our results demonstrated that mNGS could effectively identify pathogens in patients with severe pneumonia.Additionally,dynamic pathogen monitoring based on mNGS could assist in the precise diag-nosis of complex infections and may facilitate rapid induction of the most appropriate therapy.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC0903800)the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31470180,31471237,and 31671350)+1 种基金supported by the National Science Foundation/Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research(EPSCo R)(Grant No.IIA-1355423)the State of South Dakota Research Innovation Center,the Agriculture Experiment Station of South Dakota State University,and Sanford Health–South Dakota State University Collaborative Research Seed Grant Program,United States.
文摘The lethal chronic airway infection of the cystic fibrosis(CF)patients is predisposed by colonization of specific CF-philic pathogens or the CF microbiomes,but key processes and reasons of the microbiome settlement in the patients are yet to be fully understood,especially their survival and metabolic dynamics from normal to diseased status under treatment.Here,we report our meta-analysis results on CF airway microbiomes based on metabolic networks reconstructed from genome information at species level.The microbiomes of CF patients appear to engage much more redox-related activities than those of controls,and by constructing a large dataset of anti-oxidative stress(anti-OS)genes,our quantitative evaluation of the anti-OS capacity of each bacterial species in the CF microbiomes confirms strong conservation of the anti-OS responses within genera and also shows that the CF pathogens have significantly higher anti-OS capacity than commensals and other typical respiratory pathogens.In addition,the anti-OS capacity of a relevant species correlates with its relative fitness for the airways of CF patients over that for the airways of controls.Moreover,the total anti-OS capacity of the respiratory microbiome of CF patients is collectively higher than that of controls,which increases with disease progression,especially after episodes of acute exacerbation and antibiotic treatment.According to these results,we propose that the increased OS in the airways of CF patients may play an important role in reshaping airway microbiomes to a more resistant status that favors the pre-infection colonization of the CF pathogens for a higher anti-OS capacity.
