The solution processibility of perovskites provides a costeffective and high-throughput route for fabricating state-of-the-art solar cells.However,the fast kinetics of precursor-to-perovskite transformation is suscept...The solution processibility of perovskites provides a costeffective and high-throughput route for fabricating state-of-the-art solar cells.However,the fast kinetics of precursor-to-perovskite transformation is susceptible to processing conditions,resulting in an uncontrollable variance in device performance.Here,we demonstrate a supramolecule confined approach to reproducibly fabricate perovskite films with an ultrasmooth,electronically homogeneous surface.The assembly of a calixarene capping layer on precursor surface can induce host-vip interactions with solvent molecules to tailor the desolvation kinetics,and initiate the perovskite crystallization from the sharp molecule-precursor interface.These combined effects significantly reduced the spatial variance and extended the processing window of perovskite films.As a result,the standard efficiency deviations of device-to-device and batch-to-batch devices were reduced from 0.64-0.26%to 0.67-0.23%,respectively.In addition,the perovskite films with ultrasmooth top surfaces exhibited photoluminescence quantum yield>10%and surface recombination velocities<100 cm s^(-1)for both interfaces that yielded p-i-n structured solar cells with power conversion efficiency over 25%.展开更多
It is essential to prepare highly-efficiency reproducible adsorbent for purifying industrial dye wastewater. In this work, biscuit with a layered porous structure as a template is applied to prepare a photocatalytic r...It is essential to prepare highly-efficiency reproducible adsorbent for purifying industrial dye wastewater. In this work, biscuit with a layered porous structure as a template is applied to prepare a photocatalytic recyclable adsorbent of BiFeO3/Carbon nanocomposites for purifying simulative industrial dye wastewater. It is found that the structure of the prepared BiFeO3/Carbon nanocomposite is related to the natural structure of the biscuit, annealing temperatures and immersing times, demonstrated by XRD, TEM, UV-Vis and adsorptive activities. Kinetics data shows that the adsorption rate of the adsorbent to the dye is rapid and fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model, that more than 80% of dyes can be removed in the beginning 30 min. The adsorption isotherm can be perfectly described by the Langmuir model as well. It can be seen from the adsorption data that the adsorption performance can reach over 90% at pH ? 2–12, which can imply its universal utilization. The prepared BiFeO_3/Carbon nanocomposites have also displayed excellent capacities(over 90% within 30 min) for adsorption of seven different dyes and their mixed one. According to the five times photocatalytic reproducible experiments, it is proved that BiFeO_3/Carbon nanocomposites show the excellent stability and reproduction for purifying simulative industrial dyes, even the sample have been placed for one year. These research results indicate that the adsorbent BiFeO_3/Carbon can be a suitable material used in treating industrial dye wastewater potentially.展开更多
Although laparoscopic hysterectomy has been used for more than 3 decades,it is not universally adopted due to steep learning curve.The robotic platform can bridge this gap and reduce the need for open hysterectomy wit...Although laparoscopic hysterectomy has been used for more than 3 decades,it is not universally adopted due to steep learning curve.The robotic platform can bridge this gap and reduce the need for open hysterectomy with enhanced dexterity and accurate depth perception by 3D vision and wristed intuitive movements.This technical note introduces a two arms-three instruments“Sinha-Apollo technique”for da Vinci Si system for performing robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy in simplified and reproducible steps.展开更多
We report a reproducible approach in preparing high-quality overdoped Bi2 Sr2 CaCu2 08＋δ （Bi2212） single crystals by annealing Bi2212 crystals in high oxygen pressure followed by a fast quenching. In this way, hig...We report a reproducible approach in preparing high-quality overdoped Bi2 Sr2 CaCu2 08＋δ （Bi2212） single crystals by annealing Bi2212 crystals in high oxygen pressure followed by a fast quenching. In this way, high-quality overdoped and heavily overdoped Bi2212 single crystals are obtained by controlling the annealing oxygen pressure. We find that, beyond a limit of oxygen pressure that can achieve most heavily overdoped Bi2212 with a Tc N63 K, the annealed Bi2212 begins to decompose. This accounts for the existence of the hole-doping limit and thus the Tc limit in the heavily overdoped region of Bi2212 by the oxygen annealing process. These results provide a reliable way in preparing high-quality overdoped and heavily overdoped Bi2212 crystals that are important for studies of the physical properties, electronic structure and superconductivity mechanism of the cuprate superconductors.展开更多
Accurate and reproducible analysis of murine small and large intestinal tissue is key for preclinical models involving intestinal pathology.Currently,there is no easily ac-cessible,standardized method that allows rese...Accurate and reproducible analysis of murine small and large intestinal tissue is key for preclinical models involving intestinal pathology.Currently,there is no easily ac-cessible,standardized method that allows researchers of different skill levels to con-sistently dissect intestines in a time-efficient manner.Here,we describe the design and use of the 3D-printed“Mouse Intestinal Slicing Tool”(MIST),which can be used to longitudinally dissect murine intestines for further analysis.We benchmarked the MIST against a commonly used procedure involving scissors to make a longitudinal cut along the intestines.Use of the MIST halved the time per mouse to prepare the intestines and outperformed alternative methods in smoothness of the cutting edge and overall reproducibility.By sharing the plans for printing the MIST,we hope to contribute a uniformly applicable method for saving time and increasing consistency in studies of the mouse gastrointestinal tract.展开更多
An accurate and timely land-use map of an area is a valuable geospatial dataset.Making one requires assembling heterogeneous geospatial input data.This becomes computationally expensive as the number of inputs grow or...An accurate and timely land-use map of an area is a valuable geospatial dataset.Making one requires assembling heterogeneous geospatial input data.This becomes computationally expensive as the number of inputs grow or the combinational classification logic becomes more convoluted.We present as a solution an analytical framework based on a DGGS.This provides a spatial data structure that:facilitates horizontal scaling;improves geospatial data interoperability;and makes classified geospatial data easier to reproduce.We demonstrate a benchmark of land-use assignment with a DGGS against the vector and raster geospatial data models.Significant performance benefits are apparent over the vector case,while performance is equivalent to raster.Yet a DGGS has other compelling benefits that makes it more convenient to use in the domain of land-use assignment than the raster data model.展开更多
Bio-memristor can address the inherent limitations of conventional memory components in artificial perceptual systems due to their biocompatibility with biological tissue.The actual deployment of bio-memristor is rest...Bio-memristor can address the inherent limitations of conventional memory components in artificial perceptual systems due to their biocompatibility with biological tissue.The actual deployment of bio-memristor is restricted by the lack of reproducibility,high power consumption,and insufficient storage capacity.Here,a reproducible and low-power multistate biomemristor is developed by designing the chitosan(CS)-reduced graphene oxide(rGO)interpenetrating network electrolyte.The interpenetrating network structure of the CS-rGO electrolyte reinforces structural stability and improves ionic conductivity.The bio-memristor equipped with CS-rGO active layer shows stable bipolar resistive switching up to 100 consecutive cycles,reproducible multistate storage with six different memory states,and low programming power of 9.4μW.The fabricated biocompatible CS-rGO device also exhibits deformation stability of memory operation over 103 bending cycles,high biocompatibility with HEK293 cells,and skin adhesion.This work provides an enlightening design strategy to develop highperformance bio-memristors for applications in artificial perceptual systems.展开更多
This paper introduces reproducible research(RR),and explains its importance,benefits,and challenges.Some important tools for conducting RR in Transportation Research are also introduced.Moreover,the source code for ge...This paper introduces reproducible research(RR),and explains its importance,benefits,and challenges.Some important tools for conducting RR in Transportation Research are also introduced.Moreover,the source code for generating this paper has been designed in a way so that it can be used as a template for researchers to write their future journal papers as dynamic and reproducible documents.展开更多
Reproducibility is a cornerstone of scientific research.Data science is not an exception.In recent years scientists were concerned about a large number of irreproducible studies.Such reproducibility crisis in science ...Reproducibility is a cornerstone of scientific research.Data science is not an exception.In recent years scientists were concerned about a large number of irreproducible studies.Such reproducibility crisis in science could severely undermine public trust in science and science-based public policy.Recent efforts to promote reproducible research mainly focused on matured scientists and much less on student training.In this study,we conducted action research on students in data science to evaluate to what extent students are ready for communicating reproducible data analysis.The results show that although two-thirds of the students claimed they were able to reproduce results in peer reports,only one-third of reports provided all necessary information for replication.The actual replication results also include conflicting claims;some lacked comparisons of original and replication results,indicating that some students did not share a consistent understanding of what reproducibility means and how to report replication results.The findings suggest that more training is needed to help data science students communicating reproducible data analysis.展开更多
In this paper we present the Reproducible Research Publication Workflow(RRPW)as an example of how generic canonical workflows can be applied to a specific context.The RRPW includes essential steps between submission a...In this paper we present the Reproducible Research Publication Workflow(RRPW)as an example of how generic canonical workflows can be applied to a specific context.The RRPW includes essential steps between submission and final publication of the manuscript and the research artefacts(i.e.,data,code,etc.)that underlie the scholarly claims in the manuscript.A key aspect of the RRPW is the inclusion of artefact review and metadata creation as part of the publication workflow.The paper discusses a formalized technical structure around a set of canonical steps which helps codify and standardize the process for researchers,curators,and publishers.The proposed application of canonical workflows can help achieve the goals of improved transparency and reproducibility,increase FAIR compliance of all research artefacts at all steps,and facilitate better exchange of annotated and machine-readable metadata.展开更多
Close-packed Ag pyramidal arrays have been fabricated by using inverted pyramidal pits on Si as a template and used to generate plentiful and homogeneous surface-enhanced Raman scattering （SERS） hot sites. The sharp...Close-packed Ag pyramidal arrays have been fabricated by using inverted pyramidal pits on Si as a template and used to generate plentiful and homogeneous surface-enhanced Raman scattering （SERS） hot sites. The sharp nanotip and the four edges of the Ag pyramid result in strong electromagnetic field enhancement with an average enhancement factor （EF） of 2.84 × 10^7. Moreover, the features of the close-packed Ag pyramidal array can be well controlled, which allows SERS substrates with good reproducibility to be obtained. The relative standard deviation （RSD） was lower than 8.78% both across a single substrate and different batches of substrates.展开更多
The development of p-i-n structured perovskite solar cells(PSCs)requires more extensive explorations on seeking efficient,low cost and stable hole transporting materials(HTMs).Small molecular HTMs are superior to poly...The development of p-i-n structured perovskite solar cells(PSCs)requires more extensive explorations on seeking efficient,low cost and stable hole transporting materials(HTMs).Small molecular HTMs are superior to polymeric ones in terms of synthetic reproducibility as well as purity.However,thin films composed of small molecules are usually labile during the solution-based perovskite deposition.Herein,we propose a molecular engineering strategy of incorporating oligothiophene as conjugation bridge to develop robust oligomer HTMs for p-i-n type PSCs.Upon increasing the oligothiophene chain length fromα-bithiophene toα-quaterthiophene andα-hexathiophene,their HOMO energy levels remain unchanged,but their solubility in common organic solvents decreased remarkably,thus greatly enhancing their tolerance to the perovskite deposition.The rational design of oligothiophene chain length can effectively tune their optoelectronic properties as well as thin film stability under polar solvent soaking.The best performance is achieved by anα-quaterthiophene based HTM(QT),showing a high efficiency of 17.69%with fill factor of 0.81,which are comparable to those of a commercially available benchmark polymer HTM(poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4-dimethylphenyl)amine],PTAA)based devices fabricated under the same conditions.Our developed oligomer system not only provides the definite molecular structures like small molecule-type HTMs,but also exhibits the excellent filmforming like polymer-type HTMs,thus achieving the well-balanced parameters among solvent tolerance,thin film conductivity,and interfacial charge transfer efficiency,especially building up a platform to develop low cost and reproducible efficient HTMs in p-i-n structured perovskite solar cells.展开更多
Modern interactive tools for data analysis and visualisation are designed to expose their functionalities as a service through the Web.We present in this paper a Web API(SWIRRL)that allows Virtual Research Environment...Modern interactive tools for data analysis and visualisation are designed to expose their functionalities as a service through the Web.We present in this paper a Web API(SWIRRL)that allows Virtual Research Environments(VREs)to easily integrate such tools in their websites and re-purpose them to their users.The APl deals,on behalf of the clients,with the underlying complexity of allocating and managing resources within a target cloud platform.By combining storage and containerised services,offering analysis notebooks and other visualisation software,the APl creates dedicated working sessions on-demand,which can be accessed collaboratively.Thanks to the API's support for workflow execution,SWIRRL workspaces can be automatically populated with data of interest collected from external data providers.The system keeps track of updates and changes affecting the data and the tools by adopting versioning and standard provenance technologies.Users are provided with interactive controls enabling traceabilityand recovery actions,including the possibility of creating executable snapshots of their environments.SWIRRL is built in cooperation with two research infrastructures in the field of solid earth science and climate data modeling.We report on the particularadoptions and use cases.展开更多
The aim of the present paper is to study 2-complex symmetric bounded weighted composition operators on the Fock space of C^(N) with the conjugations J and J_(t,A,b) defined by ■ respectively,where k(z_(1),...,z_N)=(...The aim of the present paper is to study 2-complex symmetric bounded weighted composition operators on the Fock space of C^(N) with the conjugations J and J_(t,A,b) defined by ■ respectively,where k(z_(1),...,z_N)=(■,...,■),t∈C,b∈C^(N) and A is a linear operator on C^(N).An example of 2-complex symmetric bounded weighted composition operator with the conjugation J_(t,A,b) is given.展开更多
Reproducibility is a key aspect of the scientific method as it provides evidence for research claims. It is essential to promote openness, accessibility, and collaboration within the scientific community. This article...Reproducibility is a key aspect of the scientific method as it provides evidence for research claims. It is essential to promote openness, accessibility, and collaboration within the scientific community. This article aims to provide an introduction to best practices in reproducibility that are relevant to the transportation research community, to discuss issues and barriers to reproducibility, and to describe methods for addressing these issues. This article starts by discussing openness and transparency, then discusses several key best practices for reproducibility in transportation engineering, highlighting common methods and techniques, as well as the associated benefits. The paper concludes with a discussion of the key barriers to implementing reproducibility practices in transportation research and potential solutions. The barriers include existing culture and attitudes, data sensitivity, insufficient methodological detail, lack of code sharing, limited validation, additional time and research burden, and skill and knowledge gaps. Discussing each of these items provides an opportunity for the transportation research community to evolve to become one that embraces the openness and transparency of reproducibility.展开更多
Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy is an excellent tool for simultaneous identification and quantification of metabolites(metabolomics).NMR quantification of human lipoprotein subfractions and their component...Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy is an excellent tool for simultaneous identification and quantification of metabolites(metabolomics).NMR quantification of human lipoprotein subfractions and their components has proven to be a powerful approach to reveal pathophysiological insights in numerous diseases[1,2].This method has now been standardized with excellent inter-laboratory reproducibility within 10 days for simultaneous quantification of 105 lipoprotein components and 24 low-molecular weight(LMW)metabolites[3];close clustering was also shown for 12 quality-control(QC)samples measured in 3 months although without statistical details[2].However,these reports[[1],[2],[3]]did not cover many vital parameters for lipoprotein components(e.g.,cholesterol-esters and total-lipids),fatty acids,and N-acetyl-glycoproteins(NAGs).展开更多
We present and explore a new shock-capturing particle hydrodynamics approach.Our starting point is a commonly used discretization of smoothed particle hydrodynamics.We enhance this discretization with Roe’s approx-im...We present and explore a new shock-capturing particle hydrodynamics approach.Our starting point is a commonly used discretization of smoothed particle hydrodynamics.We enhance this discretization with Roe’s approx-imate Riemann solver,we identify its dissipative terms,and in these terms,we use slope-limited linear reconstruction.All gradients needed for our method are calculated with linearly reproducing kernels that are constructed to enforce the two lowest-order consistency relations.We scrutinize our reproducing kernel implementation carefully on a“glass-like”particle distribution,and we find that constant and linear functions are recovered to machine precision.We probe our method in a series of challenging 3D benchmark problems ranging from shocks over instabilities to Schulz-Rinne-type vorticity-creating shocks.All of our simulations show excellent agreement with analytic/reference solutions.展开更多
Signatures of superconductivity near 80 K have recently been discovered in single crystals of La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7)under pressure,which makes it a new candidate for high-temperature superconductors dominated by 3d transit...Signatures of superconductivity near 80 K have recently been discovered in single crystals of La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7)under pressure,which makes it a new candidate for high-temperature superconductors dominated by 3d transition elements,following the cuprate and iron-pnictide superconductors.However,there are several critical questions that have been perplexing the scientificommunity:(1)What factors contribute to the inconsistent reproducibility of the experimental results?(2)What is the fundamental nature of pressure-induced superconductivity:bulk or nonbulk(filamentary-like)(3)Where is the superconducting phase located within the sample if it is filamentary-like(4)Is the oxygen content important for the development and stabilization of superconductivity?In this study,we employ comprehensive high-pressure techniques to address these questions.Through our modulated ac susceptibility measurements,we are the firs to fin that the superconductivity in this nickelate is filamentary-like Our scanning transmission electron microscopy investigations suggest that the filamentary-lik superconductivity most likely emerges at the interface between La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7)and La_(4)Ni_(3)O_(10)phases.By tuning the oxygen content of polycrystalline La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7),we also fin that it plays vital role in the development and stabilization of superconductivity in this material.The upper and lower bounds on the oxygen content are 7.35 and 6.89,respectively.Our results provide not only new insights into the puzzling issues regarding this material,but also significan information that will enable a better understanding of its superconductivity.展开更多
BACKGROUND Syngeneic orthotopic tumor models offer an optimal functional tumor–immune interface for hepatocellular carcinoma research.Yet,unpredictable growth kinetics and spontaneous regression pose major obstacles....BACKGROUND Syngeneic orthotopic tumor models offer an optimal functional tumor–immune interface for hepatocellular carcinoma research.Yet,unpredictable growth kinetics and spontaneous regression pose major obstacles.Efficient induction protocols and continuous monitoring are therefore essential.Routine exploratory surgeries are ethically untenable,making non-invasive imaging modalities attractive alternatives.High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and microcomputed tomography deliver detailed insights but incur substantial equipment costs,radiation risks,time demands,and require specialized expertise—challenges that limit their routine use.In contrast,ultrasound(US)imaging emerges as a cost-effective,radiation-free,and rapid approach,facilitating practical and ethical longitudinal assessment of tumor progression in preclinical studies.AIM To optimize the orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma model and evaluate the potential of US imaging for accurate and cost-effective tumor monitoring.METHODS Hepatocellular carcinoma was induced in 28 Sprague Dawley rats by implanting 5×10^(6) N1S1 cells into the left lateral hepatic lobe.Tumor progression was monitored weekly via US.Upon reaching 100-150 mm^(3),an experimental group(n=14)received Sorafenib(40 mg/kg)orally on alternate days for 28 days;efficacy was compared to untreated controls.US accuracy was validated against micro-computed tomography,gross caliper measurements and histopathological analysis.Reliability and operator proficiency in US assessment were also evaluated.RESULTS US images procured 7-day post-surgery revealed a well-defined hypoechoic nodule at the left liver lobe tip,confirming successful tumor induction(mean volume 130±39 mm^(3)).Only three animals exhibited spontaneous regression by week 2,underscoring the model’s stability.Sorafenib treatment elicited a marked tumor reduction(678±103 mm^(3))vs untreated control(6005±1760 mm^(3)).US assessment demonstrated robust intra and interobserver reproducibility with high sensitivity and specificity for tumor detection.Moreover,US derived volumes correlated strongly with gross caliper measurements,histopathological analysis,and microcomputed tomography imaging,validating its reliability as a non-invasive monitoring tool in preclinical hepatocellular carcinoma studies.CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that US imaging is a reliable,cost-effective,and animal sparing approach with an easy tomaster protocol,enabling monitoring of tumor progression and therapeutic response in orthotopic liver tumor models.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22379044,22472053)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(23520710700)+6 种基金the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22239001)the Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research(22TQ1400100-5)the ShanghaiMunicipal Natural Science Foundation(25ZR1401081)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JKD01251505,JKVD1251041)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20250071)the Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials(18DZ2252400)the Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism(Shanghai Municipal Education Commission)。
文摘The solution processibility of perovskites provides a costeffective and high-throughput route for fabricating state-of-the-art solar cells.However,the fast kinetics of precursor-to-perovskite transformation is susceptible to processing conditions,resulting in an uncontrollable variance in device performance.Here,we demonstrate a supramolecule confined approach to reproducibly fabricate perovskite films with an ultrasmooth,electronically homogeneous surface.The assembly of a calixarene capping layer on precursor surface can induce host-vip interactions with solvent molecules to tailor the desolvation kinetics,and initiate the perovskite crystallization from the sharp molecule-precursor interface.These combined effects significantly reduced the spatial variance and extended the processing window of perovskite films.As a result,the standard efficiency deviations of device-to-device and batch-to-batch devices were reduced from 0.64-0.26%to 0.67-0.23%,respectively.In addition,the perovskite films with ultrasmooth top surfaces exhibited photoluminescence quantum yield>10%and surface recombination velocities<100 cm s^(-1)for both interfaces that yielded p-i-n structured solar cells with power conversion efficiency over 25%.
基金financial support from the NSFC project(21501052 and 91622119)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2015M570304)+2 种基金Special Funding for Postdoctoral of Heilongjiang Province(LBH-TZ06019)the Science Foundation for Excellent Youth of Harbin City of China(2016RQQXJ099)UNPYSCT-2016173
文摘It is essential to prepare highly-efficiency reproducible adsorbent for purifying industrial dye wastewater. In this work, biscuit with a layered porous structure as a template is applied to prepare a photocatalytic recyclable adsorbent of BiFeO3/Carbon nanocomposites for purifying simulative industrial dye wastewater. It is found that the structure of the prepared BiFeO3/Carbon nanocomposite is related to the natural structure of the biscuit, annealing temperatures and immersing times, demonstrated by XRD, TEM, UV-Vis and adsorptive activities. Kinetics data shows that the adsorption rate of the adsorbent to the dye is rapid and fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model, that more than 80% of dyes can be removed in the beginning 30 min. The adsorption isotherm can be perfectly described by the Langmuir model as well. It can be seen from the adsorption data that the adsorption performance can reach over 90% at pH ? 2–12, which can imply its universal utilization. The prepared BiFeO_3/Carbon nanocomposites have also displayed excellent capacities(over 90% within 30 min) for adsorption of seven different dyes and their mixed one. According to the five times photocatalytic reproducible experiments, it is proved that BiFeO_3/Carbon nanocomposites show the excellent stability and reproduction for purifying simulative industrial dyes, even the sample have been placed for one year. These research results indicate that the adsorbent BiFeO_3/Carbon can be a suitable material used in treating industrial dye wastewater potentially.
文摘Although laparoscopic hysterectomy has been used for more than 3 decades,it is not universally adopted due to steep learning curve.The robotic platform can bridge this gap and reduce the need for open hysterectomy with enhanced dexterity and accurate depth perception by 3D vision and wristed intuitive movements.This technical note introduces a two arms-three instruments“Sinha-Apollo technique”for da Vinci Si system for performing robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy in simplified and reproducible steps.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11190022,11334010 and 11534007the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2015CB921000the Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No XDB07020300
文摘We report a reproducible approach in preparing high-quality overdoped Bi2 Sr2 CaCu2 08＋δ （Bi2212） single crystals by annealing Bi2212 crystals in high oxygen pressure followed by a fast quenching. In this way, high-quality overdoped and heavily overdoped Bi2212 single crystals are obtained by controlling the annealing oxygen pressure. We find that, beyond a limit of oxygen pressure that can achieve most heavily overdoped Bi2212 with a Tc N63 K, the annealed Bi2212 begins to decompose. This accounts for the existence of the hole-doping limit and thus the Tc limit in the heavily overdoped region of Bi2212 by the oxygen annealing process. These results provide a reliable way in preparing high-quality overdoped and heavily overdoped Bi2212 crystals that are important for studies of the physical properties, electronic structure and superconductivity mechanism of the cuprate superconductors.
基金This study was supported by a research grant from the Prevent Cancer Foundation(PCF2019J.C.)+8 种基金seed funding from the Cleveland Clinic Foundation(J.C.)a National Institutes of Health grant(R01 AI153173J.C.)an American Cancer Society Institutional Research Grant(IRG-16-186-21J.C.)a Jump Start Award from the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center(CA043703J.C.)funding from the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs through the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs Peer Reviewed Medical Research Program under award no.W81XWH-19-1-0488(PR181846C.M.)。
文摘Accurate and reproducible analysis of murine small and large intestinal tissue is key for preclinical models involving intestinal pathology.Currently,there is no easily ac-cessible,standardized method that allows researchers of different skill levels to con-sistently dissect intestines in a time-efficient manner.Here,we describe the design and use of the 3D-printed“Mouse Intestinal Slicing Tool”(MIST),which can be used to longitudinally dissect murine intestines for further analysis.We benchmarked the MIST against a commonly used procedure involving scissors to make a longitudinal cut along the intestines.Use of the MIST halved the time per mouse to prepare the intestines and outperformed alternative methods in smoothness of the cutting edge and overall reproducibility.By sharing the plans for printing the MIST,we hope to contribute a uniformly applicable method for saving time and increasing consistency in studies of the mouse gastrointestinal tract.
基金supported by Strategic Science Investment Funding(SSIF)for Crown Research Institutes from the New Zealand Ministry of Business,Innovation and Employment’s Science and Innovation Group contract No.[C09X1704].
文摘An accurate and timely land-use map of an area is a valuable geospatial dataset.Making one requires assembling heterogeneous geospatial input data.This becomes computationally expensive as the number of inputs grow or the combinational classification logic becomes more convoluted.We present as a solution an analytical framework based on a DGGS.This provides a spatial data structure that:facilitates horizontal scaling;improves geospatial data interoperability;and makes classified geospatial data easier to reproduce.We demonstrate a benchmark of land-use assignment with a DGGS against the vector and raster geospatial data models.Significant performance benefits are apparent over the vector case,while performance is equivalent to raster.Yet a DGGS has other compelling benefits that makes it more convenient to use in the domain of land-use assignment than the raster data model.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2018YFA0703500National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:51991340,51991342,52072029,52102153,52188101+2 种基金the Overseas Expertise Introduction Projects for Discipline Innovation,Grant/Award Number:B14003the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2021M700379the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities,Grant/Award Number:FRFTP-18-001C1。
文摘Bio-memristor can address the inherent limitations of conventional memory components in artificial perceptual systems due to their biocompatibility with biological tissue.The actual deployment of bio-memristor is restricted by the lack of reproducibility,high power consumption,and insufficient storage capacity.Here,a reproducible and low-power multistate biomemristor is developed by designing the chitosan(CS)-reduced graphene oxide(rGO)interpenetrating network electrolyte.The interpenetrating network structure of the CS-rGO electrolyte reinforces structural stability and improves ionic conductivity.The bio-memristor equipped with CS-rGO active layer shows stable bipolar resistive switching up to 100 consecutive cycles,reproducible multistate storage with six different memory states,and low programming power of 9.4μW.The fabricated biocompatible CS-rGO device also exhibits deformation stability of memory operation over 103 bending cycles,high biocompatibility with HEK293 cells,and skin adhesion.This work provides an enlightening design strategy to develop highperformance bio-memristors for applications in artificial perceptual systems.
文摘This paper introduces reproducible research(RR),and explains its importance,benefits,and challenges.Some important tools for conducting RR in Transportation Research are also introduced.Moreover,the source code for generating this paper has been designed in a way so that it can be used as a template for researchers to write their future journal papers as dynamic and reproducible documents.
文摘Reproducibility is a cornerstone of scientific research.Data science is not an exception.In recent years scientists were concerned about a large number of irreproducible studies.Such reproducibility crisis in science could severely undermine public trust in science and science-based public policy.Recent efforts to promote reproducible research mainly focused on matured scientists and much less on student training.In this study,we conducted action research on students in data science to evaluate to what extent students are ready for communicating reproducible data analysis.The results show that although two-thirds of the students claimed they were able to reproduce results in peer reports,only one-third of reports provided all necessary information for replication.The actual replication results also include conflicting claims;some lacked comparisons of original and replication results,indicating that some students did not share a consistent understanding of what reproducibility means and how to report replication results.The findings suggest that more training is needed to help data science students communicating reproducible data analysis.
基金funding from the Institute of Museum and Library Services(RE-36-19-0081-19).
文摘In this paper we present the Reproducible Research Publication Workflow(RRPW)as an example of how generic canonical workflows can be applied to a specific context.The RRPW includes essential steps between submission and final publication of the manuscript and the research artefacts(i.e.,data,code,etc.)that underlie the scholarly claims in the manuscript.A key aspect of the RRPW is the inclusion of artefact review and metadata creation as part of the publication workflow.The paper discusses a formalized technical structure around a set of canonical steps which helps codify and standardize the process for researchers,curators,and publishers.The proposed application of canonical workflows can help achieve the goals of improved transparency and reproducibility,increase FAIR compliance of all research artefacts at all steps,and facilitate better exchange of annotated and machine-readable metadata.
文摘Close-packed Ag pyramidal arrays have been fabricated by using inverted pyramidal pits on Si as a template and used to generate plentiful and homogeneous surface-enhanced Raman scattering （SERS） hot sites. The sharp nanotip and the four edges of the Ag pyramid result in strong electromagnetic field enhancement with an average enhancement factor （EF） of 2.84 × 10^7. Moreover, the features of the close-packed Ag pyramidal array can be well controlled, which allows SERS substrates with good reproducibility to be obtained. The relative standard deviation （RSD） was lower than 8.78% both across a single substrate and different batches of substrates.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21822504,21706070,21421004,21636002)Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(17ZR1407400,17520750100)+2 种基金China Association of Science and Technology(2017QNRC001)Eastern Scholar(TP2016018)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WJ1714007)
文摘The development of p-i-n structured perovskite solar cells(PSCs)requires more extensive explorations on seeking efficient,low cost and stable hole transporting materials(HTMs).Small molecular HTMs are superior to polymeric ones in terms of synthetic reproducibility as well as purity.However,thin films composed of small molecules are usually labile during the solution-based perovskite deposition.Herein,we propose a molecular engineering strategy of incorporating oligothiophene as conjugation bridge to develop robust oligomer HTMs for p-i-n type PSCs.Upon increasing the oligothiophene chain length fromα-bithiophene toα-quaterthiophene andα-hexathiophene,their HOMO energy levels remain unchanged,but their solubility in common organic solvents decreased remarkably,thus greatly enhancing their tolerance to the perovskite deposition.The rational design of oligothiophene chain length can effectively tune their optoelectronic properties as well as thin film stability under polar solvent soaking.The best performance is achieved by anα-quaterthiophene based HTM(QT),showing a high efficiency of 17.69%with fill factor of 0.81,which are comparable to those of a commercially available benchmark polymer HTM(poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4-dimethylphenyl)amine],PTAA)based devices fabricated under the same conditions.Our developed oligomer system not only provides the definite molecular structures like small molecule-type HTMs,but also exhibits the excellent filmforming like polymer-type HTMs,thus achieving the well-balanced parameters among solvent tolerance,thin film conductivity,and interfacial charge transfer efficiency,especially building up a platform to develop low cost and reproducible efficient HTMs in p-i-n structured perovskite solar cells.
基金supported by the EU H2020 project ENVRIFair(No.824068)ISENES3(No.824084).
文摘Modern interactive tools for data analysis and visualisation are designed to expose their functionalities as a service through the Web.We present in this paper a Web API(SWIRRL)that allows Virtual Research Environments(VREs)to easily integrate such tools in their websites and re-purpose them to their users.The APl deals,on behalf of the clients,with the underlying complexity of allocating and managing resources within a target cloud platform.By combining storage and containerised services,offering analysis notebooks and other visualisation software,the APl creates dedicated working sessions on-demand,which can be accessed collaboratively.Thanks to the API's support for workflow execution,SWIRRL workspaces can be automatically populated with data of interest collected from external data providers.The system keeps track of updates and changes affecting the data and the tools by adopting versioning and standard provenance technologies.Users are provided with interactive controls enabling traceabilityand recovery actions,including the possibility of creating executable snapshots of their environments.SWIRRL is built in cooperation with two research infrastructures in the field of solid earth science and climate data modeling.We report on the particularadoptions and use cases.
基金Supported by Sichuan Science and Technology Program (No.2022ZYD0010)。
文摘The aim of the present paper is to study 2-complex symmetric bounded weighted composition operators on the Fock space of C^(N) with the conjugations J and J_(t,A,b) defined by ■ respectively,where k(z_(1),...,z_N)=(■,...,■),t∈C,b∈C^(N) and A is a linear operator on C^(N).An example of 2-complex symmetric bounded weighted composition operator with the conjugation J_(t,A,b) is given.
文摘Reproducibility is a key aspect of the scientific method as it provides evidence for research claims. It is essential to promote openness, accessibility, and collaboration within the scientific community. This article aims to provide an introduction to best practices in reproducibility that are relevant to the transportation research community, to discuss issues and barriers to reproducibility, and to describe methods for addressing these issues. This article starts by discussing openness and transparency, then discusses several key best practices for reproducibility in transportation engineering, highlighting common methods and techniques, as well as the associated benefits. The paper concludes with a discussion of the key barriers to implementing reproducibility practices in transportation research and potential solutions. The barriers include existing culture and attitudes, data sensitivity, insufficient methodological detail, lack of code sharing, limited validation, additional time and research burden, and skill and knowledge gaps. Discussing each of these items provides an opportunity for the transportation research community to evolve to become one that embraces the openness and transparency of reproducibility.
基金financial supports from the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.:2022YFC3400700 and 2022YFA0806400)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project,China(Grant No.:2017SHZDZX01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:31821002).
文摘Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy is an excellent tool for simultaneous identification and quantification of metabolites(metabolomics).NMR quantification of human lipoprotein subfractions and their components has proven to be a powerful approach to reveal pathophysiological insights in numerous diseases[1,2].This method has now been standardized with excellent inter-laboratory reproducibility within 10 days for simultaneous quantification of 105 lipoprotein components and 24 low-molecular weight(LMW)metabolites[3];close clustering was also shown for 12 quality-control(QC)samples measured in 3 months although without statistical details[2].However,these reports[[1],[2],[3]]did not cover many vital parameters for lipoprotein components(e.g.,cholesterol-esters and total-lipids),fatty acids,and N-acetyl-glycoproteins(NAGs).
基金supported by the Swedish Research Council(VR)under grant number 2020-05044by the research environment grant"Gravitational Radiation and Electromagnetic Astrophysical Transients"(GREAT)funded by the Swedish Research Council(VR)under Dnr 2016-06012+2 种基金by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation under grant Dnr.KAW 2019.0112by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)under Germany's Excellence Strategy-EXC 2121"Quantum Universe"-390833306by the European Research Council(ERC)Advanced Grant INSPIRATION under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme(Grant agreement No.101053985).
文摘We present and explore a new shock-capturing particle hydrodynamics approach.Our starting point is a commonly used discretization of smoothed particle hydrodynamics.We enhance this discretization with Roe’s approx-imate Riemann solver,we identify its dissipative terms,and in these terms,we use slope-limited linear reconstruction.All gradients needed for our method are calculated with linearly reproducing kernels that are constructed to enforce the two lowest-order consistency relations.We scrutinize our reproducing kernel implementation carefully on a“glass-like”particle distribution,and we find that constant and linear functions are recovered to machine precision.We probe our method in a series of challenging 3D benchmark problems ranging from shocks over instabilities to Schulz-Rinne-type vorticity-creating shocks.All of our simulations show excellent agreement with analytic/reference solutions.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1403900 and 2021YFA1401800)the NSF of China(Grant Nos.U2032214,12122414,12104487,and 12004419)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB25000000)support from the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the CAS(2019008)supported by the Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility(SECUF)。
文摘Signatures of superconductivity near 80 K have recently been discovered in single crystals of La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7)under pressure,which makes it a new candidate for high-temperature superconductors dominated by 3d transition elements,following the cuprate and iron-pnictide superconductors.However,there are several critical questions that have been perplexing the scientificommunity:(1)What factors contribute to the inconsistent reproducibility of the experimental results?(2)What is the fundamental nature of pressure-induced superconductivity:bulk or nonbulk(filamentary-like)(3)Where is the superconducting phase located within the sample if it is filamentary-like(4)Is the oxygen content important for the development and stabilization of superconductivity?In this study,we employ comprehensive high-pressure techniques to address these questions.Through our modulated ac susceptibility measurements,we are the firs to fin that the superconductivity in this nickelate is filamentary-like Our scanning transmission electron microscopy investigations suggest that the filamentary-lik superconductivity most likely emerges at the interface between La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7)and La_(4)Ni_(3)O_(10)phases.By tuning the oxygen content of polycrystalline La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7),we also fin that it plays vital role in the development and stabilization of superconductivity in this material.The upper and lower bounds on the oxygen content are 7.35 and 6.89,respectively.Our results provide not only new insights into the puzzling issues regarding this material,but also significan information that will enable a better understanding of its superconductivity.
基金Supported by Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Seed Grant,No.K-PHAR-24-722DST INSPIRE Fellowship,No.IF190226.
文摘BACKGROUND Syngeneic orthotopic tumor models offer an optimal functional tumor–immune interface for hepatocellular carcinoma research.Yet,unpredictable growth kinetics and spontaneous regression pose major obstacles.Efficient induction protocols and continuous monitoring are therefore essential.Routine exploratory surgeries are ethically untenable,making non-invasive imaging modalities attractive alternatives.High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and microcomputed tomography deliver detailed insights but incur substantial equipment costs,radiation risks,time demands,and require specialized expertise—challenges that limit their routine use.In contrast,ultrasound(US)imaging emerges as a cost-effective,radiation-free,and rapid approach,facilitating practical and ethical longitudinal assessment of tumor progression in preclinical studies.AIM To optimize the orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma model and evaluate the potential of US imaging for accurate and cost-effective tumor monitoring.METHODS Hepatocellular carcinoma was induced in 28 Sprague Dawley rats by implanting 5×10^(6) N1S1 cells into the left lateral hepatic lobe.Tumor progression was monitored weekly via US.Upon reaching 100-150 mm^(3),an experimental group(n=14)received Sorafenib(40 mg/kg)orally on alternate days for 28 days;efficacy was compared to untreated controls.US accuracy was validated against micro-computed tomography,gross caliper measurements and histopathological analysis.Reliability and operator proficiency in US assessment were also evaluated.RESULTS US images procured 7-day post-surgery revealed a well-defined hypoechoic nodule at the left liver lobe tip,confirming successful tumor induction(mean volume 130±39 mm^(3)).Only three animals exhibited spontaneous regression by week 2,underscoring the model’s stability.Sorafenib treatment elicited a marked tumor reduction(678±103 mm^(3))vs untreated control(6005±1760 mm^(3)).US assessment demonstrated robust intra and interobserver reproducibility with high sensitivity and specificity for tumor detection.Moreover,US derived volumes correlated strongly with gross caliper measurements,histopathological analysis,and microcomputed tomography imaging,validating its reliability as a non-invasive monitoring tool in preclinical hepatocellular carcinoma studies.CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that US imaging is a reliable,cost-effective,and animal sparing approach with an easy tomaster protocol,enabling monitoring of tumor progression and therapeutic response in orthotopic liver tumor models.
