Considering the increasing use of information technology with established standards, such as TCP/IP and XML in modem industrial automation, we present a high cost performance solution with FPGA （field programmable ga...Considering the increasing use of information technology with established standards, such as TCP/IP and XML in modem industrial automation, we present a high cost performance solution with FPGA （field programmable gate array） implementation of a novel reliable real-time data transfer system based on EPA （Ethemet for plant automation） protocol and IEEE 1588 standard. This combination can provide more predictable and real-time communication between automation equipments and precise synchronization between devices. The designed EPA system has been verified on Xilinx Spartan3 XC3S1500 and it consumed 75% of the total slices. The experimental results show that the novel industrial control system achieves high synchronization precision and provides a 1.59-ps standard deviation between the master device and the slave ones. Such a real-time data transfer system is an excellent candidate for automation equipments which require precise synchronization based on Ethemet at a comparatively low price.展开更多
Graphic processing units （GPUs） have been widely recognized as cost-efficient co-processors with acceptable size, weight, and power consumption. However, adopting GPUs in real-time systems is still challenging, due ...Graphic processing units （GPUs） have been widely recognized as cost-efficient co-processors with acceptable size, weight, and power consumption. However, adopting GPUs in real-time systems is still challenging, due to the lack in framework for real-time analysis. In order to guarantee real-time requirements while maintaining system utilization ~in modern heterogeneous systems, such as multicore multi-GPU systems, a novel suspension-based k-exclusion real-time locking protocol and the associated suspension-aware schedulability analysis are proposed. The proposed protocol provides a synchronization framework that enables multiple GPUs to be efficiently integrated in multicore real-time systems. Comparative evaluations show that the proposed methods improve upon the existing work in terms of schedulability.展开更多
Considering characteristic of mHealth communication and problems of existing methods, this paper presents a real-time communication method for mHealth based on extended XMPP protocol. The method can maintain the role ...Considering characteristic of mHealth communication and problems of existing methods, this paper presents a real-time communication method for mHealth based on extended XMPP protocol. The method can maintain the role status efficiently and reduce data latency during the communication process. Meanwhile, it can be extended flexibly to meet increasing communication demands of mHealth services. Furthermore, a system framework is presented to support telemonitoring scene. Finally, system implementation and feasibility tests verify the effectiveness of the method and framework.展开更多
This paper presents a novel real-time routing protocol, called CBRR, with less energy consumption for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). End-to-End real-time requirements are fulfilled with speed or delay constraint at ...This paper presents a novel real-time routing protocol, called CBRR, with less energy consumption for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). End-to-End real-time requirements are fulfilled with speed or delay constraint at each hop through integrating the contention and neighbor table mechanisms. More precisely, CBRR maintains a neighbor table via the contention mechanism being dependent on wireless broadcast instead of beacons. Comprehensive simulations show that CBRR can not only achieve higher performance in static networks, but also work well for dynamic networks.展开更多
Hyperpolarization of nuclear spins is crucial for advancing nuclear magnetic resonance and quantum information technologies,as nuclear spins typically exhibit extremely low polarization at room temperature due to thei...Hyperpolarization of nuclear spins is crucial for advancing nuclear magnetic resonance and quantum information technologies,as nuclear spins typically exhibit extremely low polarization at room temperature due to their small gyromagnetic ratios.A promising approach to achieving high nuclear spin polarization is transferring the polarization of electrons to nuclear spins.The nitrogen-vacancy(NV)center in diamond has emerged as a highly effective medium for this purpose,and various hyperpolarization protocols have been developed.Among these,the pulsed polarization(PulsePol)method has been extensively studied due to its robustness against static energy shifts of the electron spin.In this work,we present a novel polarization protocol and uncover a family of magic sequences for hyperpolarizing nuclear spins,with PulsePol emerging as a special case of our general approach.Notably,we demonstrate that some of these magic sequences exhibit significantly greater robustness compared to the PulsePol protocol in the presence of finite half𝜋pulse duration of the protocol,Rabi and detuning errors.This enhanced robustness positions our protocol as a more suitable candidate for hyper-polarizing nuclear spins species with large gyromagnetic ratios and also ensures better compatibility with high-efficiency readout techniques at high magnetic fields.Additionally,the generality of our protocol allows for its direct application to other solid-state quantum systems beyond the NV center.展开更多
In earthquake early warning systems, real-time shake prediction through wave propagation simulation is a promising approach. Compared with traditional methods, it does not suffer from the inaccurate estimation of sour...In earthquake early warning systems, real-time shake prediction through wave propagation simulation is a promising approach. Compared with traditional methods, it does not suffer from the inaccurate estimation of source parameters. For computation efficiency, wave direction is assumed to propagate on the 2-D surface of the earth in these methods. In fact, since the seismic wave propagates in the 3-D sphere of the earth, the 2-D space modeling of wave direction results in inaccurate wave estimation. In this paper, we propose a 3-D space numerical shake pre- diction method, which simulates the wave propagation in 3-D space using radiative transfer theory, and incorporate data assimilation technique to estimate the distribution of wave energy. 2011 Tohoku earthquake is studied as an example to show the validity of the proposed model. 2-D space model and 3-D space model are compared in this article, and the prediction results show that numerical shake prediction based on 3-D space model can estimate the real-time ground motion precisely, and overprediction is alleviated when using 3-D space model.展开更多
Nowadays, there is a growing emphasis on Inter-basin water transfer projects as costly activities with ambiguous effects on environment, society and economy. Since the concept of climate change was in its embryonic ph...Nowadays, there is a growing emphasis on Inter-basin water transfer projects as costly activities with ambiguous effects on environment, society and economy. Since the concept of climate change was in its embryonic phase before 1990’s, the majority of these projects planned before that period have not considered the effect of long term variation of water resources. In all of these numerous operational and under-construction projects, an intelligent selection of the best water transmission protocol, can help the governments to optimize their expenditures on these projects ,and also can help water resources managers to face climate change effects wisely. In this paper as a case study, Dez to Qomrood inter-basin water transfer project is considered to evaluate the efficiency of three different protocols in long term. The effect of climate change has been forecasted via a wide range of GCMs (Global Circulation Model) in order to calculate the change of flow in the basin's area with different climate scenarios. After these calculation, a water allocation model has been used to evaluate which of these three water transmission protocols (Proportional Allocation (PA), Fix Upstream allocation (FU), and Fix Downstream allocation (FD)) is the most efficient logic switch economically in a framework including both upstream and downstream stakeholders. As the final result, it can be inferred that Fix Downstream allocation (FD) protocol can supply more population especially with urban water for a fix expense and also is the most adapted protocol with future global change, at least in the first round of sustainability assessment.展开更多
Distributed speech recognition (DSR) applications have certain QoS (Quality of service) requirements in terms of latency, packet loss rate, etc. To deliver quality guaranteed DSR application over wirelined or wireless...Distributed speech recognition (DSR) applications have certain QoS (Quality of service) requirements in terms of latency, packet loss rate, etc. To deliver quality guaranteed DSR application over wirelined or wireless links, some QoS mechanisms should be provided. We put forward a RTP/RSVP transmission scheme with DSR-specific payload and QoS parameters by modifying the present WAP protocol stack. The simulation result shows that this scheme will provide adequate network bandwidth to keep the real-time transport of DSR data over either wirelined or wireless channels.展开更多
Group key management technique is a fundamental building block for secure and reliable group communication systems.In order to successfully achieve this goal, group session key needs to be generated and distributed to...Group key management technique is a fundamental building block for secure and reliable group communication systems.In order to successfully achieve this goal, group session key needs to be generated and distributed to all group members in a secure and authenticated manner.The most commonly used method is based on Lagrange interpolating polynomial over the prime field F p={0,1,2,…, p-1}. A novel approach to group key transfer protocol based on a category of algebraic-geometry code is presented over the infinite field GF(2 m). The attractive advantages are obvious. Especially, the non-repeatability, confidentiality, and authentication of group key transfer protocols are obtained easily. Besides, a more generalized and simple mathematical construction model is proposed which also can be applied perfectly to related fields of information security.展开更多
Ground motion prediction is important for earthquake early warning systems, because the region＇s peak ground motion indicates the potential disaster. In order to predict the peak ground motion quickly and pre- cisely...Ground motion prediction is important for earthquake early warning systems, because the region＇s peak ground motion indicates the potential disaster. In order to predict the peak ground motion quickly and pre- cisely with limited station wave records, we propose a real- time numerical shake prediction and updating method. Our method first predicts the ground motion based on the ground motion prediction equation after P waves detection of several stations, denoted as the initial prediction. In order to correct the prediction error of the initial prediction, an updating scheme based on real-time simulation of wave propagation is designed. Data assimilation technique is incorporated to predict the distribution of seismic wave energy precisely. Radiative transfer theory and Monte Carlo simulation are used for modeling wave propagation in 2-D space, and the peak ground motion is calculated as quickly as possible. Our method has potential to predict shakemap, making the potential disaster be predicted before the real disaster happens. 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake is studied as an example to show the validity of the proposed method.展开更多
In contemporary society,personal vehicles are indispensable for enhancing everyday convenience,and numerous advanced technological solutions for safe driving are being proposed,including autonomous emergency braking s...In contemporary society,personal vehicles are indispensable for enhancing everyday convenience,and numerous advanced technological solutions for safe driving are being proposed,including autonomous emergency braking systems and lane departure warning systems.However,traditional sensors aimed at preventing incapacitated driving due to drowsiness,alcohol consumption,or sudden health issues often require additional power and may infringe upon driver privacy.A self-powered,nonintrusive motion recording system utilizing a triboelectric nanogenerator with an arch and cantilever structure(AC-TENG)as a sensor to track driver motions is introduced.Motion patterns of users are captured in real time by imaging the waveforms generated by the AC-TENG.To discern the peaks of the AC-TENG waveforms with greater precision and clarity,the roughness of the contact surface is enhanced using the reactive ion etching(RIE)technique,thereby amplifying the voltage by a factor of 2.1.The resulting output power of 2.77 mW and a corresponding power density of 3.08 W/m^(2)are demonstrated.Energy harvesting is facilitated by the proposed AC-TENG sensor,coupled with a power management integrated circuit(PMIC).Additionally,continuous wireless data transmission is enabled by using it as an input source alongside a solar cell.Motion data captured by the sensor are classified via deep transfer learning,enabling real-time monitoring of safe driving.Upon detection of any abnormal signals,the driver is promptly alerted by this system,and its application can be extended to functionalities such as transitioning the vehicle to autonomous driving mode.展开更多
Heat exchangers are the core components of energy transfer and conversion and are widely used in the energy,chemical,and other fields.In an actual operational process,load changes lead to variations in the operating c...Heat exchangers are the core components of energy transfer and conversion and are widely used in the energy,chemical,and other fields.In an actual operational process,load changes lead to variations in the operating conditions of the heat exchanger.Evaluating the heat-transfer performance is crucial for the safe and efficient operation of the system.To realize high-precision heat transfer prediction through simulations,instead of using traditional solid equipment,this study proposed a heat transfer prediction modeling method that combines three-dimensional high-precision and one-dimensional real-time dynamic simulations.This method combines the high-precision advantage of three-dimensional simulation with the real-time advantage of one-dimensional simulation.To verify the feasibility of the modeling method,a heat transfer prediction model was constructed based on the heat transfer channel structure of a CO_(2)mixture heat transfer characteristic experimental test system.The steady-state and dynamic heat transfer characteristics of CO_(2)/R32 mixtures were simulated and experimentally tested.Finally,the real-time operational capability of the heat transfer prediction model was verified using a real-time simulator.The results showed that the heat transfer prediction model modeling method proposed in this study could improve the accuracy by 1.75-4.64 times compared with the conventional one-dimensional dynamic model.The established heat transfer prediction model exhibited good accuracy for both dynamic and steady-state processes.The average relative errors with the experimental results were in the range of 0.91%-2.83%under six sets of experimental tests.Thus,the proposed heat transfer prediction model can predict the heat transfer process in real-time under all experimental heat source conditions.展开更多
Objective To compare the results of a novel regimen of human menopausal gonadotrophin （hMG） in combination with clomiphene citrate （CC） in mid-to-late follicular phase with those of a short protocol of GnRH agoni...Objective To compare the results of a novel regimen of human menopausal gonadotrophin （hMG） in combination with clomiphene citrate （CC） in mid-to-late follicular phase with those of a short protocol of GnRH agonist （GnRHa） and hMG used for IVF. Methods In the retrospective study, 842 patients undergoing IVF were collected and classified into two groups： hMG in combination with CC in mid-to-late follicular phase （group A, n=319） and short protocol of GnRHa-hMG （group B, n=523）. The main outcome measures were ovarian responses in stimulation cycles and pregnancy outcomes in subsequent frozen-thawed embryo transfer （FET） cycles. Results In group A, the serum LH concentration on day 8 -10 was similar with that on the day of hCG administration （2.43 ± 1.92 IU vs 2.51 ±2.05 IU）. The number of mature follicles and oocytes retrieved was significantly lower in group A than in group B while the fertilization rate and the cleavage rate were comparable. The clinical pregnancy rate （47. 79% vs 48.04%）, the implantation rate （32.49% vs 33.11%） and the cumulative pregnancy rate （58.09% vs 60.22%） were respectively similar in group A and group B. Conclusion hMG in combination with CC in mid-to-late follicular phase results in the same pregnancy outcome as short protocol. The novel protocol may take the advantage of eliminating the occurrehce of a premature endogenous LH Surge.展开更多
Nonspecific lipid transfer proteins(ns LTPs)are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and are involved in various stress responses.To clarify the function of ns LTP genes,IbLTP1 and IbLTP2 were cloned by PCR technol...Nonspecific lipid transfer proteins(ns LTPs)are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and are involved in various stress responses.To clarify the function of ns LTP genes,IbLTP1 and IbLTP2 were cloned by PCR technology,and the sequence structures,conserved domains,and evolutionary relationships were analyzed.Sequences of c DNAs and genomic genes showed that neither gene had introns,but both had several homologous isoforms.IbLTP1 and IbLTP2 encode proteins of 114 and 94 amino acid residues respectively,without any Trp.These proteins contain a signal peptide at the N-terminal and have conserved domains of ns LTP1 and ns LTP2,respectively.The expression patterns and expression differences of IbLTP1 and IbLTP2 in different tissues and under stress were determined byreal-time RT-PCR.Results showed that IbLTP1 and IbLTP2 had higher relative expression levels in young leaves and stems,respectively,and were highly induced under sodium chloride(Na Cl)stress.The coding sequences of IbLTP1 and IbLTP2 were cloned into expression vector p ET32 a and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3),respectively.The maximal OD_(600)values of strains harboring p ET32a-IbLTP1 and p ET32a-IbLTP2 were higher than those of the p ET32 a transformed strain under Na Cl stress.展开更多
The authors, first of all, discuss the importance of implementing application layer protocol ofLAN. A study in this area is required in order to speed up its practical uses as well as further de-velopment in the direc...The authors, first of all, discuss the importance of implementing application layer protocol ofLAN. A study in this area is required in order to speed up its practical uses as well as further de-velopment in the direction. The present paper is a brief report of the authors’ design methodologyand development of File Transfer Access and Management in reference to the ISO / OSI Moduleand implementation of its service protocol in a LAN,展开更多
The dynamic characteristics of eplicit control protocol (XCP) were investigated with single bottleneck on the microscopic time-scale. Analysis and simulation results show that the bandwidth utilization of an XCP bottl...The dynamic characteristics of eplicit control protocol (XCP) were investigated with single bottleneck on the microscopic time-scale. Analysis and simulation results show that the bandwidth utilization of an XCP bottleneck link converges to 1 at exponential rate, persistent congestion cannot occur at the bottleneck link, and throughput of an arbitrary subset of XCP flows at the bottleneck link converges to its fair share in exponential rate. The XCP has high bandwidth utilization and good fairness properties.展开更多
文摘Considering the increasing use of information technology with established standards, such as TCP/IP and XML in modem industrial automation, we present a high cost performance solution with FPGA （field programmable gate array） implementation of a novel reliable real-time data transfer system based on EPA （Ethemet for plant automation） protocol and IEEE 1588 standard. This combination can provide more predictable and real-time communication between automation equipments and precise synchronization between devices. The designed EPA system has been verified on Xilinx Spartan3 XC3S1500 and it consumed 75% of the total slices. The experimental results show that the novel industrial control system achieves high synchronization precision and provides a 1.59-ps standard deviation between the master device and the slave ones. Such a real-time data transfer system is an excellent candidate for automation equipments which require precise synchronization based on Ethemet at a comparatively low price.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61003032/F020207
文摘Graphic processing units （GPUs） have been widely recognized as cost-efficient co-processors with acceptable size, weight, and power consumption. However, adopting GPUs in real-time systems is still challenging, due to the lack in framework for real-time analysis. In order to guarantee real-time requirements while maintaining system utilization ~in modern heterogeneous systems, such as multicore multi-GPU systems, a novel suspension-based k-exclusion real-time locking protocol and the associated suspension-aware schedulability analysis are proposed. The proposed protocol provides a synchronization framework that enables multiple GPUs to be efficiently integrated in multicore real-time systems. Comparative evaluations show that the proposed methods improve upon the existing work in terms of schedulability.
文摘Considering characteristic of mHealth communication and problems of existing methods, this paper presents a real-time communication method for mHealth based on extended XMPP protocol. The method can maintain the role status efficiently and reduce data latency during the communication process. Meanwhile, it can be extended flexibly to meet increasing communication demands of mHealth services. Furthermore, a system framework is presented to support telemonitoring scene. Finally, system implementation and feasibility tests verify the effectiveness of the method and framework.
文摘This paper presents a novel real-time routing protocol, called CBRR, with less energy consumption for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). End-to-End real-time requirements are fulfilled with speed or delay constraint at each hop through integrating the contention and neighbor table mechanisms. More precisely, CBRR maintains a neighbor table via the contention mechanism being dependent on wireless broadcast instead of beacons. Comprehensive simulations show that CBRR can not only achieve higher performance in static networks, but also work well for dynamic networks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12475012,62461160263 for P.W.,and 62276171 for H.L.)Quantum Science and Technology-National Science and Technology Major Project of China (Project No.2023ZD0300600 for P.W.)+3 种基金Guangdong Provincial Quantum Science Strategic Initiative (Grant Nos.GDZX240-3009 and GDZX2303005 for P.W.)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No.2024-A1515011938 for H.L.)Shenzhen Fundamental ResearchGeneral Project (Grant No.JCYJ20240813141503005 for H.L.)the Talents Introduction Foundation of Beijing Normal University (Grant No.310432106 for P.W.)。
文摘Hyperpolarization of nuclear spins is crucial for advancing nuclear magnetic resonance and quantum information technologies,as nuclear spins typically exhibit extremely low polarization at room temperature due to their small gyromagnetic ratios.A promising approach to achieving high nuclear spin polarization is transferring the polarization of electrons to nuclear spins.The nitrogen-vacancy(NV)center in diamond has emerged as a highly effective medium for this purpose,and various hyperpolarization protocols have been developed.Among these,the pulsed polarization(PulsePol)method has been extensively studied due to its robustness against static energy shifts of the electron spin.In this work,we present a novel polarization protocol and uncover a family of magic sequences for hyperpolarizing nuclear spins,with PulsePol emerging as a special case of our general approach.Notably,we demonstrate that some of these magic sequences exhibit significantly greater robustness compared to the PulsePol protocol in the presence of finite half𝜋pulse duration of the protocol,Rabi and detuning errors.This enhanced robustness positions our protocol as a more suitable candidate for hyper-polarizing nuclear spins species with large gyromagnetic ratios and also ensures better compatibility with high-efficiency readout techniques at high magnetic fields.Additionally,the generality of our protocol allows for its direct application to other solid-state quantum systems beyond the NV center.
基金supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(grant No.2014BAK03B02)Science for Earthquake Resilience(grant Nos XH16021 and XH16022Y)
文摘In earthquake early warning systems, real-time shake prediction through wave propagation simulation is a promising approach. Compared with traditional methods, it does not suffer from the inaccurate estimation of source parameters. For computation efficiency, wave direction is assumed to propagate on the 2-D surface of the earth in these methods. In fact, since the seismic wave propagates in the 3-D sphere of the earth, the 2-D space modeling of wave direction results in inaccurate wave estimation. In this paper, we propose a 3-D space numerical shake pre- diction method, which simulates the wave propagation in 3-D space using radiative transfer theory, and incorporate data assimilation technique to estimate the distribution of wave energy. 2011 Tohoku earthquake is studied as an example to show the validity of the proposed model. 2-D space model and 3-D space model are compared in this article, and the prediction results show that numerical shake prediction based on 3-D space model can estimate the real-time ground motion precisely, and overprediction is alleviated when using 3-D space model.
文摘Nowadays, there is a growing emphasis on Inter-basin water transfer projects as costly activities with ambiguous effects on environment, society and economy. Since the concept of climate change was in its embryonic phase before 1990’s, the majority of these projects planned before that period have not considered the effect of long term variation of water resources. In all of these numerous operational and under-construction projects, an intelligent selection of the best water transmission protocol, can help the governments to optimize their expenditures on these projects ,and also can help water resources managers to face climate change effects wisely. In this paper as a case study, Dez to Qomrood inter-basin water transfer project is considered to evaluate the efficiency of three different protocols in long term. The effect of climate change has been forecasted via a wide range of GCMs (Global Circulation Model) in order to calculate the change of flow in the basin's area with different climate scenarios. After these calculation, a water allocation model has been used to evaluate which of these three water transmission protocols (Proportional Allocation (PA), Fix Upstream allocation (FU), and Fix Downstream allocation (FD)) is the most efficient logic switch economically in a framework including both upstream and downstream stakeholders. As the final result, it can be inferred that Fix Downstream allocation (FD) protocol can supply more population especially with urban water for a fix expense and also is the most adapted protocol with future global change, at least in the first round of sustainability assessment.
文摘Distributed speech recognition (DSR) applications have certain QoS (Quality of service) requirements in terms of latency, packet loss rate, etc. To deliver quality guaranteed DSR application over wirelined or wireless links, some QoS mechanisms should be provided. We put forward a RTP/RSVP transmission scheme with DSR-specific payload and QoS parameters by modifying the present WAP protocol stack. The simulation result shows that this scheme will provide adequate network bandwidth to keep the real-time transport of DSR data over either wirelined or wireless channels.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61501064)Sichuan Technology Support Program(No.2015GZ0088)
文摘Group key management technique is a fundamental building block for secure and reliable group communication systems.In order to successfully achieve this goal, group session key needs to be generated and distributed to all group members in a secure and authenticated manner.The most commonly used method is based on Lagrange interpolating polynomial over the prime field F p={0,1,2,…, p-1}. A novel approach to group key transfer protocol based on a category of algebraic-geometry code is presented over the infinite field GF(2 m). The attractive advantages are obvious. Especially, the non-repeatability, confidentiality, and authentication of group key transfer protocols are obtained easily. Besides, a more generalized and simple mathematical construction model is proposed which also can be applied perfectly to related fields of information security.
基金supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(grant No.2014BAK03B02)Science for Earthquake Resilience(grant Nos XH16021 and XH16022Y)
文摘Ground motion prediction is important for earthquake early warning systems, because the region＇s peak ground motion indicates the potential disaster. In order to predict the peak ground motion quickly and pre- cisely with limited station wave records, we propose a real- time numerical shake prediction and updating method. Our method first predicts the ground motion based on the ground motion prediction equation after P waves detection of several stations, denoted as the initial prediction. In order to correct the prediction error of the initial prediction, an updating scheme based on real-time simulation of wave propagation is designed. Data assimilation technique is incorporated to predict the distribution of seismic wave energy precisely. Radiative transfer theory and Monte Carlo simulation are used for modeling wave propagation in 2-D space, and the peak ground motion is calculated as quickly as possible. Our method has potential to predict shakemap, making the potential disaster be predicted before the real disaster happens. 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake is studied as an example to show the validity of the proposed method.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.RS-2024-00357072)the NRF and the Commercialization Promotion Agency for R&D Outcomes(COMPA)grant funded by the Korea government(Ministry of Science and ICT)(No.RS-2024-00432221)+1 种基金the Technology Innovation Program(No.RS-2022-00154983,Development of Low-Power Sensors and Self-Charging Power Sources for Self-Sustainable Wireless Sensor Platforms)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MI,Korea)supported by Basic Science Research Program through the NRF funded by the Ministry of Education(No.2018R1A6A1A03025708).
文摘In contemporary society,personal vehicles are indispensable for enhancing everyday convenience,and numerous advanced technological solutions for safe driving are being proposed,including autonomous emergency braking systems and lane departure warning systems.However,traditional sensors aimed at preventing incapacitated driving due to drowsiness,alcohol consumption,or sudden health issues often require additional power and may infringe upon driver privacy.A self-powered,nonintrusive motion recording system utilizing a triboelectric nanogenerator with an arch and cantilever structure(AC-TENG)as a sensor to track driver motions is introduced.Motion patterns of users are captured in real time by imaging the waveforms generated by the AC-TENG.To discern the peaks of the AC-TENG waveforms with greater precision and clarity,the roughness of the contact surface is enhanced using the reactive ion etching(RIE)technique,thereby amplifying the voltage by a factor of 2.1.The resulting output power of 2.77 mW and a corresponding power density of 3.08 W/m^(2)are demonstrated.Energy harvesting is facilitated by the proposed AC-TENG sensor,coupled with a power management integrated circuit(PMIC).Additionally,continuous wireless data transmission is enabled by using it as an input source alongside a solar cell.Motion data captured by the sensor are classified via deep transfer learning,enabling real-time monitoring of safe driving.Upon detection of any abnormal signals,the driver is promptly alerted by this system,and its application can be extended to functionalities such as transitioning the vehicle to autonomous driving mode.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0100100)。
文摘Heat exchangers are the core components of energy transfer and conversion and are widely used in the energy,chemical,and other fields.In an actual operational process,load changes lead to variations in the operating conditions of the heat exchanger.Evaluating the heat-transfer performance is crucial for the safe and efficient operation of the system.To realize high-precision heat transfer prediction through simulations,instead of using traditional solid equipment,this study proposed a heat transfer prediction modeling method that combines three-dimensional high-precision and one-dimensional real-time dynamic simulations.This method combines the high-precision advantage of three-dimensional simulation with the real-time advantage of one-dimensional simulation.To verify the feasibility of the modeling method,a heat transfer prediction model was constructed based on the heat transfer channel structure of a CO_(2)mixture heat transfer characteristic experimental test system.The steady-state and dynamic heat transfer characteristics of CO_(2)/R32 mixtures were simulated and experimentally tested.Finally,the real-time operational capability of the heat transfer prediction model was verified using a real-time simulator.The results showed that the heat transfer prediction model modeling method proposed in this study could improve the accuracy by 1.75-4.64 times compared with the conventional one-dimensional dynamic model.The established heat transfer prediction model exhibited good accuracy for both dynamic and steady-state processes.The average relative errors with the experimental results were in the range of 0.91%-2.83%under six sets of experimental tests.Thus,the proposed heat transfer prediction model can predict the heat transfer process in real-time under all experimental heat source conditions.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31071275, No. 81270749 and No. 31101070)
文摘Objective To compare the results of a novel regimen of human menopausal gonadotrophin （hMG） in combination with clomiphene citrate （CC） in mid-to-late follicular phase with those of a short protocol of GnRH agonist （GnRHa） and hMG used for IVF. Methods In the retrospective study, 842 patients undergoing IVF were collected and classified into two groups： hMG in combination with CC in mid-to-late follicular phase （group A, n=319） and short protocol of GnRHa-hMG （group B, n=523）. The main outcome measures were ovarian responses in stimulation cycles and pregnancy outcomes in subsequent frozen-thawed embryo transfer （FET） cycles. Results In group A, the serum LH concentration on day 8 -10 was similar with that on the day of hCG administration （2.43 ± 1.92 IU vs 2.51 ±2.05 IU）. The number of mature follicles and oocytes retrieved was significantly lower in group A than in group B while the fertilization rate and the cleavage rate were comparable. The clinical pregnancy rate （47. 79% vs 48.04%）, the implantation rate （32.49% vs 33.11%） and the cumulative pregnancy rate （58.09% vs 60.22%） were respectively similar in group A and group B. Conclusion hMG in combination with CC in mid-to-late follicular phase results in the same pregnancy outcome as short protocol. The novel protocol may take the advantage of eliminating the occurrehce of a premature endogenous LH Surge.
基金supported by grants from the National Science and Technology Pillar Program of China(2007BAD78B03)the“Eleventh-Five”Key Project of Sichuan ProvinceChina(07SG111-003-1)
文摘Nonspecific lipid transfer proteins(ns LTPs)are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and are involved in various stress responses.To clarify the function of ns LTP genes,IbLTP1 and IbLTP2 were cloned by PCR technology,and the sequence structures,conserved domains,and evolutionary relationships were analyzed.Sequences of c DNAs and genomic genes showed that neither gene had introns,but both had several homologous isoforms.IbLTP1 and IbLTP2 encode proteins of 114 and 94 amino acid residues respectively,without any Trp.These proteins contain a signal peptide at the N-terminal and have conserved domains of ns LTP1 and ns LTP2,respectively.The expression patterns and expression differences of IbLTP1 and IbLTP2 in different tissues and under stress were determined byreal-time RT-PCR.Results showed that IbLTP1 and IbLTP2 had higher relative expression levels in young leaves and stems,respectively,and were highly induced under sodium chloride(Na Cl)stress.The coding sequences of IbLTP1 and IbLTP2 were cloned into expression vector p ET32 a and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3),respectively.The maximal OD_(600)values of strains harboring p ET32a-IbLTP1 and p ET32a-IbLTP2 were higher than those of the p ET32 a transformed strain under Na Cl stress.
文摘The authors, first of all, discuss the importance of implementing application layer protocol ofLAN. A study in this area is required in order to speed up its practical uses as well as further de-velopment in the direction. The present paper is a brief report of the authors’ design methodologyand development of File Transfer Access and Management in reference to the ISO / OSI Moduleand implementation of its service protocol in a LAN,
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60503049)
文摘The dynamic characteristics of eplicit control protocol (XCP) were investigated with single bottleneck on the microscopic time-scale. Analysis and simulation results show that the bandwidth utilization of an XCP bottleneck link converges to 1 at exponential rate, persistent congestion cannot occur at the bottleneck link, and throughput of an arbitrary subset of XCP flows at the bottleneck link converges to its fair share in exponential rate. The XCP has high bandwidth utilization and good fairness properties.
