Safety systems, built on state-of-the-art technology, are essential for achieving acceptable levels of plant safety to minimize hazards to the reactor and the general public. The second shutdown system(SSS) as an engi...Safety systems, built on state-of-the-art technology, are essential for achieving acceptable levels of plant safety to minimize hazards to the reactor and the general public. The second shutdown system(SSS) as an engineered safety feature and a part of the reactor protection system(RPS) is a means for rapidly shutting down a nuclear reactor, keeping it in a subcritical state and serving as a backup to the first shutdown system(FSS). In this research, one SSS with two types of optimum chamber designs is proposed that take into account the main current characteristic features of the Tehran research reactor with improvements over earlier designs. They are based on a liquid neutron absorber injection that is preferably different, diverse, and independent from the FSS based on the rod drop mechanism. The major design characteristics of this SSS with two different chambers were investigated using MCNPX 2.6.0 code. The performed calculations showed that the designed SSS is a reliable shutdown system, assuring an appropriate shutdown margin and injection time, with no significant effects on the effective delayed neutron fraction while causing minimal variations to the core structure. Further, the reasonable financial cost and the prolongation of the operation cycle are additional advantages of this design.展开更多
铅基快堆(Lead-based Fast Reactor,LFR)是一种极具发展潜力的第四代核能系统,具有良好的非能动安全性和经济性,但在紧急停堆后上腔室内会出现明显的热分层现象,影响堆芯余热排出,从而引发安全问题。本文通过建立简化的1/6上腔室模型,...铅基快堆(Lead-based Fast Reactor,LFR)是一种极具发展潜力的第四代核能系统,具有良好的非能动安全性和经济性,但在紧急停堆后上腔室内会出现明显的热分层现象,影响堆芯余热排出,从而引发安全问题。本文通过建立简化的1/6上腔室模型,采用计算流体力学软件STAR-CCM+开展LFR停堆后上腔室内热分层过程的大涡模拟(Large Eddy Simulation,LES)研究,并基于相关实验数据验证了模型计算的准确性。模拟结果表明,在正常运行工况下,内筒小孔不足以影响上腔室内铅铋共晶合金(Lead-Bismuth Eutectic,LBE)流动;停堆后120 s左右热分层界面形成,400 s左右热分层界面升至内筒顶部,且内筒小孔可显著减缓热分层界面的上升速率。研究成果表明,热分层界面处存在大的温度梯度和不规则涡流,停堆后上腔室内热分层的动态演化及界面特性研究具有重要意义。展开更多
反应性控制系统的设计是反应堆物理设计的主要内容之一。熔盐堆采用熔融的氟化盐混合物作为燃料,由于核燃料的特殊性,熔盐堆在反应堆设计方面与传统固体燃料反应堆有着较大区别。本文鉴于熔盐堆的特殊性,针对2MW液态燃料钍基熔盐堆(Thor...反应性控制系统的设计是反应堆物理设计的主要内容之一。熔盐堆采用熔融的氟化盐混合物作为燃料,由于核燃料的特殊性,熔盐堆在反应堆设计方面与传统固体燃料反应堆有着较大区别。本文鉴于熔盐堆的特殊性,针对2MW液态燃料钍基熔盐堆(Thorium Molten Salt Reactor-Liquid Fuel,TMSR-LF1),提出多种停堆方式,包括排燃料盐、套管中注中子毒物、改变燃料盐成分、改变堆芯石墨栅元数,并进行了计算分析。分析结果表明:往套管中注入中子毒物是在控制棒失效的情况下很好的替换停堆方式;燃料盐成分可调,是熔盐堆本身具有的特点,因此往燃料盐中添加BF3、LiF-BeF2-ZrF4、LiF-ThF4,是调节堆芯反应性很好的方式;改变石墨栅元数也可以使反应堆停堆。本研究分析可以为熔盐堆停堆方式提供技术储备和理论参考。展开更多
文摘Safety systems, built on state-of-the-art technology, are essential for achieving acceptable levels of plant safety to minimize hazards to the reactor and the general public. The second shutdown system(SSS) as an engineered safety feature and a part of the reactor protection system(RPS) is a means for rapidly shutting down a nuclear reactor, keeping it in a subcritical state and serving as a backup to the first shutdown system(FSS). In this research, one SSS with two types of optimum chamber designs is proposed that take into account the main current characteristic features of the Tehran research reactor with improvements over earlier designs. They are based on a liquid neutron absorber injection that is preferably different, diverse, and independent from the FSS based on the rod drop mechanism. The major design characteristics of this SSS with two different chambers were investigated using MCNPX 2.6.0 code. The performed calculations showed that the designed SSS is a reliable shutdown system, assuring an appropriate shutdown margin and injection time, with no significant effects on the effective delayed neutron fraction while causing minimal variations to the core structure. Further, the reasonable financial cost and the prolongation of the operation cycle are additional advantages of this design.
文摘反应性控制系统的设计是反应堆物理设计的主要内容之一。熔盐堆采用熔融的氟化盐混合物作为燃料,由于核燃料的特殊性,熔盐堆在反应堆设计方面与传统固体燃料反应堆有着较大区别。本文鉴于熔盐堆的特殊性,针对2MW液态燃料钍基熔盐堆(Thorium Molten Salt Reactor-Liquid Fuel,TMSR-LF1),提出多种停堆方式,包括排燃料盐、套管中注中子毒物、改变燃料盐成分、改变堆芯石墨栅元数,并进行了计算分析。分析结果表明:往套管中注入中子毒物是在控制棒失效的情况下很好的替换停堆方式;燃料盐成分可调,是熔盐堆本身具有的特点,因此往燃料盐中添加BF3、LiF-BeF2-ZrF4、LiF-ThF4,是调节堆芯反应性很好的方式;改变石墨栅元数也可以使反应堆停堆。本研究分析可以为熔盐堆停堆方式提供技术储备和理论参考。
