Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease,which seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients.The progression of psoriasis is influenced by the excessive production of reactive oxygen species(ROS...Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease,which seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients.The progression of psoriasis is influenced by the excessive production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and inflammatory responses.In this paper,novel celastrol(Ce)-loaded metal-phenolic nanozymes(tannic acid-Fe^(3+))(TA-Fe)integrated microneedles(Ce@TA-Fe/MNs)were constructed to achieve the combined oxidative stress alleviation and anti-inflammatory therapy of psoriasis.Molecular dynamics simulations and structural characterization confirmed the successful fabrication of nanozymes.The Ce@TA-Fe/MNs system,characterized by its rapid dissolution kinetics and superior mechanical strength,enabled minimally invasive skin penetration for efficient nanozymes delivery.Nanozymes possessed superoxide dismutase and catalase mimetic enzyme activities,effectively eliminating excessive ROS in psoriatic skin lesions.Additionally,the release of Ce from Ce@TA-Fe provided strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.Based on these characteristics,Ce@TA-Fe/MNs could effectively alleviate the symptoms in psoriasis mice models.These findings demonstrated that the integration of Ce-equipped nanozymes within MNs holds great promise as a therapeutic strategy for the clinical management of psoriasis.展开更多
Infectious wound healing is complicated with and limited by infection and oxidative stress at the wound site.In recent years,various evidences suggest that nanozymes with multiple enzymatic activities have enabled the...Infectious wound healing is complicated with and limited by infection and oxidative stress at the wound site.In recent years,various evidences suggest that nanozymes with multiple enzymatic activities have enabled the development of novel strategies for infectious wound healing.In this study,epigallocatechin gallate loaded polydopamine(P@E)was developed to act as a potent reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenger for scavenging ROS,alleviating inflammatory responses,and promoting infectious wound healing.Combining with near infrared(NIR)irradiation,P@E presented excellent antibacterial ability of Escherichia coli(E.coli,93.6%)and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA,87.6%).Specifically,P@E+NIR exhibited the most potent antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and cell proliferation behaviors through downregulating intracellular ROS levels(81.9%and 94.3%for NIH3T3 and RAW264.7 respectively)and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)expression level(55.7%),and up-regulating the expression levels of arginase-1(Arg-1,71.4%),heat shock protein 70(HSP70,48.6%)and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule(CD31,35.3%)compared to control group.Meanwhile,it also efficiently induced M2 directional polarization of lipopolysaccharide induced murine macrophages to achieve anti-inflammation,indicated by the down-regulation of CD86(86.2%),and up-regulation of CD206(85.6%).Significantly,it was also observed that P@E+NIR presented the excellent behaviors of inhibiting wound infection,alleviating wound inflammation,as well as promoting skin tissue repairing.Altogether,it has developed the strategy of using P@E combining with NIR irradiation for the synergistic enhanced healing of infectious skin wound,which can serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for its clinical treatment.展开更多
Acute lung injury(ALI)was characterized by excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels and inflammatory response in the lung.Scavenging ROS could inhibit the excessive inflammatory response,further treating ALI.Herei...Acute lung injury(ALI)was characterized by excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels and inflammatory response in the lung.Scavenging ROS could inhibit the excessive inflammatory response,further treating ALI.Herein,we designed a novel nanozyme(P@Co)comprised of polydopamine(PDA)nanoparticles(NPs)loading with ultra-small Co,combining with near infrared(NIR)irradiation,which could efficiently scavenge intracellular ROS and suppress inflammatory responses against ALI.For lipopolysaccharide(LPS)induced macrophages,P@Co+NIR presented excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities through lowering intracellular ROS levels,decreasing the expression levels of interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)as well as inducing macrophage M2 directional polarization.Significantly,it displayed the outstanding activities of lowering acute lung inflammation,relieving diffuse alveolar damage,and up-regulating heat shock protein 70(HSP70)expression,resulting in synergistic enhanced ALI therapy effect.It offers a novel strategy for the clinical treatment of ROS related diseases.展开更多
Although biomimetic hydrogels play an essential role in guiding bone remodeling,reconstructing large bone defects is still a significant challenge since bioinspired gels often lack osteoconductive capacity,robust mech...Although biomimetic hydrogels play an essential role in guiding bone remodeling,reconstructing large bone defects is still a significant challenge since bioinspired gels often lack osteoconductive capacity,robust mechanical properties and suitable antioxidant ability for bone regeneration.To address these challenges,we first engineered molecular design of hydrogels(gelatin/polyethylene glycol diacrylate/2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate,GPEGD),where their mechanical properties were significantly enhanced via introducing trace amounts of additives(0.5 wt%).The novel hybrid hydrogels show high compressive strength(>700 kPa),stiff modulus(>170 kPa)and strong ROS-scavenging ability.Furthermore,to endow the GPEGD hydrogels excellent osteoinductions,novel biocompatible,antioxidant and BMP-2 loaded polydopamine/heparin nanoparticles(BPDAH)were developed for functionalization of the GPEGD gels(BPDAH-GPEGD).In vitro results indicate that the antioxidant BPDAH-GPEGD is able to deplete elevated ROS levels to protect cells viability against ROS damage.More importantly,the BPDAH-GPEGD hydrogels have good biocompatibility and promote the osteo differentiation of preosteoblasts and bone regenerations.At 4 and 8 weeks after implantation of the hydrogels in a mandibular bone defect,Micro-computed tomography and histology results show greater bone volume and enhancements in the quality and rate of bone regeneration in the BPDAH-GPEGD hydrogels.Thus,the multiscale design of stiffening and ROS scavenging hydrogels could serve as a promising material for bone regeneration applications.展开更多
Cartilage injury represents a frequent dilemma in clinical practice owing to its inherently limited self-renewal capacity.Biomimetic strategy-based engineered biomaterial,capable of coordinated regulation for cellular...Cartilage injury represents a frequent dilemma in clinical practice owing to its inherently limited self-renewal capacity.Biomimetic strategy-based engineered biomaterial,capable of coordinated regulation for cellular and microenvironmental crosstalk,provides an adequate avenue to boost cartilage regeneration.The level of oxidative stress in microenvironments is verified to be vital for tissue regeneration,yet it is often overlooked in engineered biomaterials for cartilage regeneration.Herein,inspired by natural cartilage architecture,a fibril-network glycopeptide hydrogel(Nap-FFGRGD@FU),composed of marine-derived polysaccharide fucoidan(FU)and naphthalenephenylalanine-phenylalanine-glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic peptide(Nap-FFGRGD),was presented through a simple supramolecular self-assembly approach.The Nap-FFGRGD@FU hydrogels exhibit a native cartilage-like architecture,characterized by interwoven collagen fibers and attached proteoglycans.Beyond structural simulation,fucoidan-exerted robust biological effects and Arg-Gly-Asp(RGD)sequence-provided cell attachment sites realized functional reinforcement,synergistically promoted extracellular matrix(ECM)production and reactive oxygen species(ROS)elimination,thus contributing to chondrocytes-ECM harmony.In vitro co-culture with glycopeptide hydrogels not only facilitated cartilage ECM anabolic metabolism but also scavenged ROS accumulation in chondrocytes.Mechanistically,the chondro-protective effects induced by glycopeptide hydrogels rely on the activation of endogenous antioxidant pathways associated with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(NRF2).In vivo implantation of glycopeptide hydrogels successfully improved the de novo cartilage generation by 1.65-fold,concomitant with coordinately restructured subchondral bone structure.Collectively,our ingeniously crafted bionic glycopeptide hydrogels simultaneously rewired chondrocytes’function by augmenting anabolic metabolism and rebuilt ECM microenvironment via preserving redox equilibrium,holding great potential for cartilage tissue engineering.展开更多
Alkali-salinity exerts severe osmotic,ionic,and high-p H stresses to plants.To understand the alkali-salinity responsive mechanisms underlying photosynthetic modulation and reactive oxygen species(ROS)homeostasis,phys...Alkali-salinity exerts severe osmotic,ionic,and high-p H stresses to plants.To understand the alkali-salinity responsive mechanisms underlying photosynthetic modulation and reactive oxygen species(ROS)homeostasis,physiological and diverse quantitative proteomics analyses of alkaligrass(Puccinellia tenuiflora)under Na_(2)CO_(3)stress were conducted.In addition,Western blot,real-time PCR,and transgenic techniques were applied to validate the proteomic results and test the functions of the Na_(2)CO_(3)-responsive proteins.A total of 104 and 102 Na_(2)CO_(3)-responsive proteins were identified in leaves and chloroplasts,respectively.In addition,84 Na_(2)CO_(3)-responsive phosphoproteins were identified,including 56 new phosphorylation sites in 56 phosphoproteins from chloroplasts,which are crucial for the regulation of photosynthesis,ion transport,signal transduction,and energy homeostasis.A full-length Pt FBA encoding an alkaligrass chloroplastic fructosebisphosphate aldolase(FBA)was overexpressed in wild-type cells of cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp.Strain PCC 6803,leading to enhanced Na_(2)CO_(3)tolerance.All these results indicate that thermal dissipation,state transition,cyclic electron transport,photorespiration,repair of photosystem(PS)Ⅱ,PSI activity,and ROS homeostasis were altered in response to Na_(2)CO_(3)stress,which help to improve our understanding of the Na_(2)CO_(3)-responsive mechanisms in halophytes.展开更多
A number of studies have shown the existence of cross-tolerance in plants, but the physiological mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, we used the germination of barley seeds as a system to investigate the cr...A number of studies have shown the existence of cross-tolerance in plants, but the physiological mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, we used the germination of barley seeds as a system to investigate the cross-tolerance of low-temperature pretreatment to high-temperature stress and the possible involvement of reactive oxygen species （ROS） scavenging enzymes in the cross-tolerance. After pretreatment at 0 ℃ for different periods of time, barley seeds were germinated at 35 ℃, and the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） and the activities of ROS scavenging enzymes were measured by a spectrophotometer analysis. The results showed that barley seed germinated very poorly at 35 ℃, and this inhibitive effect could be overcome by pretreatment at 0 ℃. The MDA content varied, depending on the temperature at which seeds germinated, while barley seeds pretreated at 0 ℃ did not change the MDA content. Compared with seeds germinated directly at 35 ℃, the seeds pretreated first at 0 ℃ and then germinated at 35 ℃ had markedly increased activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, ascorbate peroxidase （APX）, catalase （CAT）, and glutathione reductase （GR）. The SOD and APX activities of seeds germinated at 35 ℃ after 0 ℃-pretreatment were even substantially higher than those at 25 ℃, and GR activity was similar to that at 25 ℃, at which the highest germination performance of barley seeds was achieved. These results indicate that low-temperature pretreatment can markedly increase the tolerance of barley seed to high temperature during germination, this being related to the increase in ROS scavenging enzyme activity. This may provide a new method for increasing seed germination under stress environments, and may be an excellent model system for the study of cross-tolerance.展开更多
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a widespread fungal pathogen responsible for significant crop losses across the globe.The challenge of breeding resistant varieties is exacerbated by the fungus’s sophisticated pathogenic ...Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a widespread fungal pathogen responsible for significant crop losses across the globe.The challenge of breeding resistant varieties is exacerbated by the fungus’s sophisticated pathogenic mechanisms.A pivotal factor in the host-pathogen interaction is the regulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)within both the fungi and the host plants.However,there is currently no efficient strategy to leverage this interaction mechanism for developing disease-resistant crop varieties.Here,we introduce an engineered ROS scavenging system designated as syn-ROS for impairing ROS neutralization in S.sclerotiorum while concurrently fortifying it in the host.The syn-ROS system comprises gene silencing constructs targeting the S.sclerotiorum Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase(SsSOD)and its copper chaperone(SsCCS),alongside overexpression constructs for the Arabidopsis thaliana AtSOD1 and AtCCS.Transgenic plants carrying the syn-ROS system demonstrated a marked enhancement in resistance to S.sclerotiorum.Upon infection,the expression of SsSOD and SsCCS was reduced,while the expression of AtSOD1 and AtCCS was enhanced in syn-ROS transgenic plants.Moreover,the infected syn-ROS plants showed decreased Cu/Zn SOD enzyme activity and elevated ROS concentrations within the fungal cells.In contrast,the cells of A.thaliana manifested increased Cu/Zn SOD enzyme activity and lowered ROS levels.Collectively,these findings suggest a novel and promising approach for contriving plants with robust resistance by synthetically manipulating ROS scavenging activities in the interaction between the host and S.sclerotiorum.展开更多
Bacterial infection,insufficient angiogenesis,and oxidative damage are generally regarded as key issues that impede wound healing,making it necessary to prepare new biomaterials to simultaneously address these problem...Bacterial infection,insufficient angiogenesis,and oxidative damage are generally regarded as key issues that impede wound healing,making it necessary to prepare new biomaterials to simultaneously address these problems.In this work,monodispersed CeO_(2)@CuS nanocomposites(NCs)were successfully prepared with tannin(TA)as the reductant and linker.Due to abundant oxygen vacancies in CeO_(2)and the polyphenolic structure of TA,the TA-CeO_(2)@CuS NCs exhibited a remarkable antioxidant ability to scavenge excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS),which would likely induce serious inflammation.In addition,the TA-CeO_(2)@CuS NCs demonstrated excellent antibacterial capability with near-infrared ray(NIR)irradiation,and the released copper ions could promote the regeneration of blood vessels.These synergistic effects indicated that the synthesized TA-CeO_(2)@CuS NCs could serve as a promising biomaterial for multimodal wound therapy.展开更多
Enhanced UV-B radiation represents a major environmental factor impacting global cereal production.Researchers have explored various approaches to reduce the detrimental impact of UV-B radiation on crops.Recently,engi...Enhanced UV-B radiation represents a major environmental factor impacting global cereal production.Researchers have explored various approaches to reduce the detrimental impact of UV-B radiation on crops.Recently,engineered nanoparticles,particularly cerium oxide nanoparticles(CeO_(2)-NPs),have attracted widespread interest for their ability to boost plant tolerance to a range of abiotic stresses.This study investigates how CeO_(2)-NPs application affects the morphology,physiology,biochemistry,and transcriptomics profiles of wheat seedling roots subjected to enhanced UV-B stress.The findings demonstrate that CeO_(2)-NPs notably promoted root length,fresh and dry weights,and root activity(p<0.05)under enhanced UV-B stress.CeO_(2)-NP treatment reduced the content of hydrogen peroxide<(H_(2)O_(2))and malondialdehyde(MDA)in wheat,alleviating oxidative damage in seedling roots and partially restoring the root phenotype.Under non-UV-B stress conditions,CeO_(2)-NP treatment triggered the difference of 237 transcripts in plants relative to the control group.Under enhanced UV-B stress,CeO_(2)-NP treatment exhibited differentially expressed genes(DEGs)linked to the antioxidant defense mechanism responsible for reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging,compared to the non-nanoparticle control.This suggests that ROS scavenging may be a key mechanism by which CeO_(2)-NPs enhance wheat resistance to enhanced UV-B radiation.This study elucidates a potential molecular mechanism through which CeO_(2)nanoparticles may enhance wheat tolerance to UV-B stress.展开更多
This review examines inflammation as a physiological defense mechanism against infectious agents,physical trauma,reactive oxygen species(ROS),and metabolic stress,which,under dysregulated conditions,may progress into ...This review examines inflammation as a physiological defense mechanism against infectious agents,physical trauma,reactive oxygen species(ROS),and metabolic stress,which,under dysregulated conditions,may progress into chronic diseases.Nanomedicine,which integrates nanotechnology with medicine,suppresses inflammatory signaling pathways and overexpressed pro-inflammatory cytokines,such as ROS,to address inflammationrelated pathologies.Current advances in nanomaterial design and synthesis strategies are systematically analyzed,with parallel discussions on toxicity mechanisms,influencing factors,and evaluation methods that are critical for clinical translation.Applications of functional nanomaterials are highlighted in the context of refractory inflammatory conditions,including wound healing,gastrointestinal disorders,and immune,neurological,or circulatory diseases,along with targeted delivery strategies.Persistent challenges in nanomedicine development,such as biocompatibility optimization,precise biodistribution control,and standardized toxicity assessment,are critically assessed.By bridging material innovation with therapeutic efficacy,this review establishes a framework for advancing nanomedicine to improve treatment outcomes while addressing translational barriers.展开更多
Caffeic acid-O-methyltransferase(COMT)is a crucial enzyme in the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway,with significant roles in both the lignin and coumarin pathways.The function of COMT in plant disease resistance has b...Caffeic acid-O-methyltransferase(COMT)is a crucial enzyme in the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway,with significant roles in both the lignin and coumarin pathways.The function of COMT in plant disease resistance has been demonstrated in several species.Our research identified the potato COMT gene family on a genome-wide scale and StCOMT1 as a candidate gene for enhancing potato disease resistance under DON induction through phylogenetic analyses combined with previously identified metabolic differences and weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA)results.In order to better understand the function of StCOMT1,heterologous expression and overexpression assays were conducted.StCOMT1 is localized in chloroplasts and was found to catalyze the methylation of substrates to produce ferulic acid and melatonin in vitro.Physiological parameters showed that,compared with wild-type potato plants,StCOMT1-overexpressing plants infected with Fusarium sporotrichioides exhibited smaller lesion areas and lower reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels.High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and RT-qPCR analyses revealed organ-specific accumulation of coumarin-related compounds and organ-specific expression of their corresponding genes in StCOMT1-overexpressing plants post-inoculation.The results indicate that StCOMT1 overexpression in potatoes enhanced resistance to F.sporotrichioides by enhancing reactive oxygen species clearance and promoting organ-specific accumulation of coumarin-related compounds.展开更多
Salt stress is one of the most serious abiotic stresses limiting plant growth and development.Calcium as an essential nutrient element and important signaling molecule plays an important role in ameliorating the adver...Salt stress is one of the most serious abiotic stresses limiting plant growth and development.Calcium as an essential nutrient element and important signaling molecule plays an important role in ameliorating the adverse effect of salinity on plants.This study aimed to investigate the impact of exogenous calcium on improving salt tolerance in Tartary buckwheat cultivars,cv.Xinong9920(salt-tolerant)and cv.Xinong9909(salt-sensitive).Four-week-old Tartary buckwheat seedlings under 100 mM NaCl stress were treated with and without exogenous calcium chloride(CaCl_(2)),Ca^(2+)chelator ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid(EGTA)and Ca^(2+)-channel blocker lanthanum chloride(LaCl_(3))for 10 days.Then,some important physiological and biochemical indexes were determined.The results showed that salt stress significantly reduced seedling growth,decreased photosynthetic pigments,inhibited antioxidants and antioxidant enzyme activities.However,it increased the reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels in the two Tartary buckwheat cultivars.Exogenous 10 mM CaCl_(2)application on salt-stressed Tartary buckwheat seedlings obviously mitigated the negative effects of NaCl stress and partially restored seedlings growth.Ca^(2+)-treated salt-stressed seedlings diplayed a suppressed accumulation of ROS,increased the contents of total chlorophyll,soluble protein,proline and antioxidants,and elevated the activities of antioxidant enzymes compared with salt stress alone.On the contrary,the addition of 0.5 mM LaCl_(3)and 5 mM EGTA on salt-stressed Tartary buckwheat seedlings exhibited the opposite effects to those with CaCl_(2)treatment.These results indicate that exogenous Ca^(2+)can enhance salt stress tolerance and Ca^(2+)supplementation may be an effective practice to cultivate Tartary buckwheat in saline soils.展开更多
Inflammatory skin disorders can cause chronic scarring and functional impairments,posing a significant burden on patients and the healthcare system.Conventional therapies,such as corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-...Inflammatory skin disorders can cause chronic scarring and functional impairments,posing a significant burden on patients and the healthcare system.Conventional therapies,such as corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,are limited in efficacy and associated with adverse effects.Recently,nanozyme(NZ)-based hydrogels have shown great promise in addressing these challenges.NZ-based hydrogels possess unique therapeutic abilities by combining the therapeutic benefits of redox nanomaterials with enzymatic activity and the water-retaining capacity of hydrogels.The multifaceted therapeutic effects of these hydrogels include scavenging reactive oxygen species and other inflammatory mediators modulating immune responses toward a pro-regenerative environment and enhancing regenerative potential by triggering cell migration and differentiation.This review highlights the current state of the art in NZ-engineered hydrogels(NZ@hydrogels)for anti-inflammatory and skin regeneration applications.It also discusses the underlying chemo-mechano-biological mechanisms behind their effectiveness.Additionally,the challenges and future directions in this ground,particularly their clinical translation,are addressed.The insights provided in this review can aid in the design and engineering of novel NZ-based hydrogels,offering new possibilities for targeted and personalized skin-care therapies.展开更多
The G proteinα-subunit,GPA1,is an integral component of several signaling pathways in plants,including response to abiotic stress.However,the molecular mechanism behind these processes remains largely unknown in the ...The G proteinα-subunit,GPA1,is an integral component of several signaling pathways in plants,including response to abiotic stress.However,the molecular mechanism behind these processes remains largely unknown in the cucumber plant(Cucumis sativus L.).In order to further understand the role of CsGPA1 in cucumber under drought stress,changes in plant growth,physiological parameters,and gene expression of CsAQPs were all measured under water stress induced by polyethylene glycol(PEG)using wild type(WT)and CsGPA1-interference(RNAi)cucumber seedlings.Our results demonstrated that the RNAi plants had lower drought tolerance,displaying seriously withered leaves,lower relative growth rate,lower root-shoot ratio,and lower root activity under drought stress compared to WT plants.Physiological studies indicated that the suppression of CsGPA1 weakened drought stress tolerance due to higherwater loss rate in the leaves,higher levels of hydrogen peroxide(H2O2),increased malondialdehyde(MDA)content,lower free proline content,lower soluble sugar content,lower soluble protein content,and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities.qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the interference of CsGPA1 up-regulated the expression of most AQP genes(except for CsPIP2;3 in leaves)and down-regulated the expression of CsPIP1;2,CsPIP1;4,CsPIP2;1,and CsPIP2;4 in roots under drought stress when compared to WT plants.Our results demonstrated that CsGPA1 could function as a positive regulator in drought stress response by decreasing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS),improving permeable potentials,and reducing water loss in cucumber plants.展开更多
The C (Cys) 2H (His) 2-type transcription factor is one of the most important transcription factors in plants and plays a regulatory role in the physiological responses of rice to abiotic stresses.A novel rice C2H2-ty...The C (Cys) 2H (His) 2-type transcription factor is one of the most important transcription factors in plants and plays a regulatory role in the physiological responses of rice to abiotic stresses.A novel rice C2H2-type zinc finger protein,abscisic acid (ABA)-drought-reactive oxygen species (ROS) 3 (OsADR3),was found to confer drought stress tolerance by enhancing antioxidant defense and regulating Os GPX1.Overexpression of OsADR3 in rice increased tolerance to drought stress by increasing ROS scavenging ability and ABA sensitivity.In contrast,CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of osadr3 increased the sensitivity of rice to drought and oxidative stress.An exogenous ROS-scavenging reagent restored the droughtstress tolerance of osadr3-CRISPR plants.Global transcriptome analysis suggested that OsADR3 increased the expression of Os GPX1 under drought stress.Electrophoretic mobility shift,yeast one-hybrid,and dualluciferase reporter assays revealed that OsADR3 modified the expression of Os GPX1 by directly binding to its promoter.Knockdown of Os GPX1 repressed ROS scavenging ability under drought stress in OsADR3-overexpression plants.These findings suggest that OsADR3 plays a positive regulatory role in droughtstress tolerance by inducing antioxidant defense and associated with the ABA signaling pathway in rice.展开更多
Low temperature causes rice yield losses of up to 30%–40%,therefore increasing its cold tolerance is a breeding target.Few genes in rice are reported to confer cold tolerance at both the vegetative and reproductive s...Low temperature causes rice yield losses of up to 30%–40%,therefore increasing its cold tolerance is a breeding target.Few genes in rice are reported to confer cold tolerance at both the vegetative and reproductive stages.This study revealed a rice-specific 24-nt miRNA,miR1868,whose accumulation was suppressed by cold stress.Knockdown of MIR1868 increased seedling survival,pollen fertility,seed setting,and grain yield under cold stress,whereas its overexpression conferred the opposite phenotype.Knockdown of MIR1868 increased reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging and soluble sugar content under cold stress by increasing the expression of peroxidase genes and sugar metabolism genes,and its overexpression produced the opposite effect.Thus,MIR1868 negatively regulated rice cold tolerance via ROS scavenging and sugar accumulation.展开更多
Background Ensuring that seeds germinate and emerge normally is a prerequisite for cotton production,esp.in areas with salinized soil.Priming with mepiquat chloride(MC)can promote seed germination and root growth unde...Background Ensuring that seeds germinate and emerge normally is a prerequisite for cotton production,esp.in areas with salinized soil.Priming with mepiquat chloride(MC)can promote seed germination and root growth under salt stress,but its mechanism has not been fully elucidated.In this study,physiological and biochemical experiments revealed that MC-priming promotes the tolerance of cotton seeds to salt stress by increasing the ability of antioxidant enzymes related to the ascorbate-glutathione(AsA-GSH)cycle to scavenge reactive oxygen species(ROS).Results Results revealed that treatment with inhibitors of abscisic acid(ABA)and γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)biosynthesis reduced the positive effects of MC-priming.Similarly,MC-priming increased the contents of ABA and GABA under salt stress by stimulating the expression levels of GhNCED2 and GhGAD4 and the activity of calmodulin-binding(CML)glutamate decarboxylase(GAD).Further analysis showed that an inhibitor of ABA synthesis reduced the positive impacts of MC-priming on the content of GABA under salt stress,but the content of ABA was not affected by the GABA synthesis inhibitor.Furthermore,a multi-omics analysis revealed that MC-priming increased the abundance and phosphorylation levels of the proteins related to ABA signaling,CML,and Ca^(2+)channels/transporters in the MC-primed treatments,which resulted in increased oscillations in Ca^(2+)in the MC-primed cotton seeds under salt stress.Conclusion In summary,these results demonstrate that MC-mediated ABA signaling operates upstream of the GABA synthesis generated by GAD by activating the oscillations of Ca^(2+)and then enhancing activity of the AsA-GSH cycle,which ensures that cotton seeds are tolerant to salt stress.展开更多
Salinity is one of the most significant risks to crop production and food security as it harms plant physiology and biochemistry.The salt stress during the rice emergence stages severely hampers the seed germination a...Salinity is one of the most significant risks to crop production and food security as it harms plant physiology and biochemistry.The salt stress during the rice emergence stages severely hampers the seed germination and seedling growth of direct-seeded rice.Recently,nanoparticles(NPs)have been reported to be effectively involved in many plant physiological processes,particularly under abiotic stresses.To our knowledge,no comparative studies have been performed to study the efficiency of conventional,chemical,and seed nanopriming for better plant stress tolerance.Therefore,we conducted growth chamber and field experiments with different salinity levels(0,1.5,and 3‰),two rice varieties(CY1000 and LLY506),and different priming techniques such as hydropriming,chemical priming(ascorbic acid,salicylic acid,and γ-aminobutyric acid),and nanopriming(zinc oxide nanoparticles).Salt stress inhibited rice seed germination,germination index,vigor index,and seedling growth.Also,salt stress increased the over accumulation of reactive oxygen species(H_(2)O_(2) and O_(2)^(-)·)and malondialdehyde(MDA)contents.Furthermore,salt-stressed seedlings accumulated higher sodium(Na^(+))ions and significantly lower potassium(K^(+))ions.Moreover,the findings of our study demonstrated that,among the different priming techniques,seed nanopriming with zinc oxide nanoparticles(NanoZnO)significantly contributed to rice salt tolerance.ZnO nanopriming improved rice seed germination and seedling growth in the pot and field experiments under salt stress.The possible mechanism behind ZnO nanopriming improved rice salt tolerance included higher contents of α-amylase,soluble sugar,and soluble protein and higher activities of antioxidant enzymes to sustain better seed germination and seedling growth.Moreover,another mechanism of ZnO nanopriming induced rice salt tolerance was associated with better maintenance of(K^(+))ions content.Our research concluded that NanoZnO could promote plant salt tolerance and be adopted as a practical nanopriming technique,promoting global crop production in saltaffected agricultural lands.展开更多
Transcription factors(TFs)regulate diverse stress defensive-associated physiological processes and plant stress responses.We characterized TaNF-YB11,a gene of the NF-YB TF family in Triticum aestivum,in mediating plan...Transcription factors(TFs)regulate diverse stress defensive-associated physiological processes and plant stress responses.We characterized TaNF-YB11,a gene of the NF-YB TF family in Triticum aestivum,in mediating plant drought tolerance.TaNF-YB11 harbors the conserved domains specified by its NF-YB partners and targets the nucleus after the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)assortment.Yeast two-hybrid assay indicated the interactions of TaNF-YB11 with TaNF-YA2 and TaNF-YC3,two proteins encoded by genes in the NF-YA and NF-YC families,respectively.These results suggested that the heterotrimer established among them further regulated downstream genes at the transcriptional level.The transcripts of TaNF-YB11 were promoted in roots and leaves under a 27-h drought regime.Moreover,its upregulated expression levels under drought were gradually restored following a recovery treatment,suggesting its involvement in plant drought response.TaNF-YB11 conferred improved drought tolerance on plants;the lines overexpressing target gene displayed improved phenotype and biomass compared with wild type(WT)under drought treatments due to enhancement of stomata closing,osmolyte accumulation,and cellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)homeostasis.Knockdown expression of TaP5CS2,a P5CS family gene modulating proline biosynthesis that showed upregulated expression in drought-challenged TaNF-YB11 lines,alleviated proline accumulation of plants treated by drought.Likewise,TaSOD2 and TaCAT3,two genes encoding superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)that were upregulated underlying TaNF-YB11 regulation,played critical roles in ROS homeostasis via regulating SOD and CAT activities.RNA-seq analysis revealed that numerous genes associated with processes of‘cellular processes',‘environmental information processing',‘genetic information processing',‘metabolism',and‘organismal systems'modified transcription under drought underlying control of TaNF-YB11.These results suggested that the TaNF-YB11-mediated drought response is possibly accomplished through the target gene in modifying gene transcription at the global level,which modulates complicated biological processes related to drought response.TaNF-YB11 is essential in plant drought adaptation and a valuable target for molecular breeding of drought-tolerant cultivars in T.aestivum.展开更多
基金supported by Key Research Project of the Educational Department of Liaoning Province,China(JYTZD2023139).
文摘Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease,which seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients.The progression of psoriasis is influenced by the excessive production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and inflammatory responses.In this paper,novel celastrol(Ce)-loaded metal-phenolic nanozymes(tannic acid-Fe^(3+))(TA-Fe)integrated microneedles(Ce@TA-Fe/MNs)were constructed to achieve the combined oxidative stress alleviation and anti-inflammatory therapy of psoriasis.Molecular dynamics simulations and structural characterization confirmed the successful fabrication of nanozymes.The Ce@TA-Fe/MNs system,characterized by its rapid dissolution kinetics and superior mechanical strength,enabled minimally invasive skin penetration for efficient nanozymes delivery.Nanozymes possessed superoxide dismutase and catalase mimetic enzyme activities,effectively eliminating excessive ROS in psoriatic skin lesions.Additionally,the release of Ce from Ce@TA-Fe provided strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.Based on these characteristics,Ce@TA-Fe/MNs could effectively alleviate the symptoms in psoriasis mice models.These findings demonstrated that the integration of Ce-equipped nanozymes within MNs holds great promise as a therapeutic strategy for the clinical management of psoriasis.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(Nos.2022GXNSFAA035505 and 2024GXNSFAA010164)the Key Research&Development Program of Guangxi(No.GuiKe2024AB08057)+1 种基金the Guangxi Medical and Health Suitable Technology Development and Popularization Applications Project(Nos.S2023093 and S2021084)the Major Talent Project of Guangxi Autonomous Region.
文摘Infectious wound healing is complicated with and limited by infection and oxidative stress at the wound site.In recent years,various evidences suggest that nanozymes with multiple enzymatic activities have enabled the development of novel strategies for infectious wound healing.In this study,epigallocatechin gallate loaded polydopamine(P@E)was developed to act as a potent reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenger for scavenging ROS,alleviating inflammatory responses,and promoting infectious wound healing.Combining with near infrared(NIR)irradiation,P@E presented excellent antibacterial ability of Escherichia coli(E.coli,93.6%)and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA,87.6%).Specifically,P@E+NIR exhibited the most potent antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and cell proliferation behaviors through downregulating intracellular ROS levels(81.9%and 94.3%for NIH3T3 and RAW264.7 respectively)and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)expression level(55.7%),and up-regulating the expression levels of arginase-1(Arg-1,71.4%),heat shock protein 70(HSP70,48.6%)and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule(CD31,35.3%)compared to control group.Meanwhile,it also efficiently induced M2 directional polarization of lipopolysaccharide induced murine macrophages to achieve anti-inflammation,indicated by the down-regulation of CD86(86.2%),and up-regulation of CD206(85.6%).Significantly,it was also observed that P@E+NIR presented the excellent behaviors of inhibiting wound infection,alleviating wound inflammation,as well as promoting skin tissue repairing.Altogether,it has developed the strategy of using P@E combining with NIR irradiation for the synergistic enhanced healing of infectious skin wound,which can serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for its clinical treatment.
基金financially supported by the Key Research&Development Program of Guangxi(No.GuiKeAB22080088)the Joint Project on Regional High-Incidence Diseases Research of Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(No.2023GXNSFDA026023)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(No.2023JJA140322)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82360372)the High-level Medical Expert Training Program of Guangxi“139 Plan Funding(No.G202003010)the Medical Appropriate Technology Development and Popularization and Application Project of Guangxi(No.S2020099)。
文摘Acute lung injury(ALI)was characterized by excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels and inflammatory response in the lung.Scavenging ROS could inhibit the excessive inflammatory response,further treating ALI.Herein,we designed a novel nanozyme(P@Co)comprised of polydopamine(PDA)nanoparticles(NPs)loading with ultra-small Co,combining with near infrared(NIR)irradiation,which could efficiently scavenge intracellular ROS and suppress inflammatory responses against ALI.For lipopolysaccharide(LPS)induced macrophages,P@Co+NIR presented excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities through lowering intracellular ROS levels,decreasing the expression levels of interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)as well as inducing macrophage M2 directional polarization.Significantly,it displayed the outstanding activities of lowering acute lung inflammation,relieving diffuse alveolar damage,and up-regulating heat shock protein 70(HSP70)expression,resulting in synergistic enhanced ALI therapy effect.It offers a novel strategy for the clinical treatment of ROS related diseases.
基金supported by the,National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(Grant No.81825005)Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81702162)Sichuan International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Project of Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan(Grant No.2021YFH0185).
文摘Although biomimetic hydrogels play an essential role in guiding bone remodeling,reconstructing large bone defects is still a significant challenge since bioinspired gels often lack osteoconductive capacity,robust mechanical properties and suitable antioxidant ability for bone regeneration.To address these challenges,we first engineered molecular design of hydrogels(gelatin/polyethylene glycol diacrylate/2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate,GPEGD),where their mechanical properties were significantly enhanced via introducing trace amounts of additives(0.5 wt%).The novel hybrid hydrogels show high compressive strength(>700 kPa),stiff modulus(>170 kPa)and strong ROS-scavenging ability.Furthermore,to endow the GPEGD hydrogels excellent osteoinductions,novel biocompatible,antioxidant and BMP-2 loaded polydopamine/heparin nanoparticles(BPDAH)were developed for functionalization of the GPEGD gels(BPDAH-GPEGD).In vitro results indicate that the antioxidant BPDAH-GPEGD is able to deplete elevated ROS levels to protect cells viability against ROS damage.More importantly,the BPDAH-GPEGD hydrogels have good biocompatibility and promote the osteo differentiation of preosteoblasts and bone regenerations.At 4 and 8 weeks after implantation of the hydrogels in a mandibular bone defect,Micro-computed tomography and histology results show greater bone volume and enhancements in the quality and rate of bone regeneration in the BPDAH-GPEGD hydrogels.Thus,the multiscale design of stiffening and ROS scavenging hydrogels could serve as a promising material for bone regeneration applications.
基金supported by grants from National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos:2022YFC2502902)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos:82072442,82272494,82072082 and 32122046)+1 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)the Shenzhen Fundamental Research Foundation(Grant Nos.JCYJ20210324115814040 and JCYJ20210324113001005).
文摘Cartilage injury represents a frequent dilemma in clinical practice owing to its inherently limited self-renewal capacity.Biomimetic strategy-based engineered biomaterial,capable of coordinated regulation for cellular and microenvironmental crosstalk,provides an adequate avenue to boost cartilage regeneration.The level of oxidative stress in microenvironments is verified to be vital for tissue regeneration,yet it is often overlooked in engineered biomaterials for cartilage regeneration.Herein,inspired by natural cartilage architecture,a fibril-network glycopeptide hydrogel(Nap-FFGRGD@FU),composed of marine-derived polysaccharide fucoidan(FU)and naphthalenephenylalanine-phenylalanine-glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic peptide(Nap-FFGRGD),was presented through a simple supramolecular self-assembly approach.The Nap-FFGRGD@FU hydrogels exhibit a native cartilage-like architecture,characterized by interwoven collagen fibers and attached proteoglycans.Beyond structural simulation,fucoidan-exerted robust biological effects and Arg-Gly-Asp(RGD)sequence-provided cell attachment sites realized functional reinforcement,synergistically promoted extracellular matrix(ECM)production and reactive oxygen species(ROS)elimination,thus contributing to chondrocytes-ECM harmony.In vitro co-culture with glycopeptide hydrogels not only facilitated cartilage ECM anabolic metabolism but also scavenged ROS accumulation in chondrocytes.Mechanistically,the chondro-protective effects induced by glycopeptide hydrogels rely on the activation of endogenous antioxidant pathways associated with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(NRF2).In vivo implantation of glycopeptide hydrogels successfully improved the de novo cartilage generation by 1.65-fold,concomitant with coordinately restructured subchondral bone structure.Collectively,our ingeniously crafted bionic glycopeptide hydrogels simultaneously rewired chondrocytes’function by augmenting anabolic metabolism and rebuilt ECM microenvironment via preserving redox equilibrium,holding great potential for cartilage tissue engineering.
基金The Foundation of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(Grant No.17391900600)The Program for Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)from The Shanghai Bureau of Higher Education(2011 and 2017)+1 种基金The Natural and Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Provence(Grant No.ZD2019C003)to Shaojun DaiThe Fund of Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Plant Germplasm Resources(Grant No.17DZ2252700)。
文摘Alkali-salinity exerts severe osmotic,ionic,and high-p H stresses to plants.To understand the alkali-salinity responsive mechanisms underlying photosynthetic modulation and reactive oxygen species(ROS)homeostasis,physiological and diverse quantitative proteomics analyses of alkaligrass(Puccinellia tenuiflora)under Na_(2)CO_(3)stress were conducted.In addition,Western blot,real-time PCR,and transgenic techniques were applied to validate the proteomic results and test the functions of the Na_(2)CO_(3)-responsive proteins.A total of 104 and 102 Na_(2)CO_(3)-responsive proteins were identified in leaves and chloroplasts,respectively.In addition,84 Na_(2)CO_(3)-responsive phosphoproteins were identified,including 56 new phosphorylation sites in 56 phosphoproteins from chloroplasts,which are crucial for the regulation of photosynthesis,ion transport,signal transduction,and energy homeostasis.A full-length Pt FBA encoding an alkaligrass chloroplastic fructosebisphosphate aldolase(FBA)was overexpressed in wild-type cells of cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp.Strain PCC 6803,leading to enhanced Na_(2)CO_(3)tolerance.All these results indicate that thermal dissipation,state transition,cyclic electron transport,photorespiration,repair of photosystem(PS)Ⅱ,PSI activity,and ROS homeostasis were altered in response to Na_(2)CO_(3)stress,which help to improve our understanding of the Na_(2)CO_(3)-responsive mechanisms in halophytes.
基金Project (No. 30870223) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A number of studies have shown the existence of cross-tolerance in plants, but the physiological mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, we used the germination of barley seeds as a system to investigate the cross-tolerance of low-temperature pretreatment to high-temperature stress and the possible involvement of reactive oxygen species （ROS） scavenging enzymes in the cross-tolerance. After pretreatment at 0 ℃ for different periods of time, barley seeds were germinated at 35 ℃, and the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） and the activities of ROS scavenging enzymes were measured by a spectrophotometer analysis. The results showed that barley seed germinated very poorly at 35 ℃, and this inhibitive effect could be overcome by pretreatment at 0 ℃. The MDA content varied, depending on the temperature at which seeds germinated, while barley seeds pretreated at 0 ℃ did not change the MDA content. Compared with seeds germinated directly at 35 ℃, the seeds pretreated first at 0 ℃ and then germinated at 35 ℃ had markedly increased activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, ascorbate peroxidase （APX）, catalase （CAT）, and glutathione reductase （GR）. The SOD and APX activities of seeds germinated at 35 ℃ after 0 ℃-pretreatment were even substantially higher than those at 25 ℃, and GR activity was similar to that at 25 ℃, at which the highest germination performance of barley seeds was achieved. These results indicate that low-temperature pretreatment can markedly increase the tolerance of barley seed to high temperature during germination, this being related to the increase in ROS scavenging enzyme activity. This may provide a new method for increasing seed germination under stress environments, and may be an excellent model system for the study of cross-tolerance.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971978 and 32072021)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0355)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(SWU120075)the Youth Science and Technology Fund of Gansu Province(23JRRL0005).
文摘Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a widespread fungal pathogen responsible for significant crop losses across the globe.The challenge of breeding resistant varieties is exacerbated by the fungus’s sophisticated pathogenic mechanisms.A pivotal factor in the host-pathogen interaction is the regulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)within both the fungi and the host plants.However,there is currently no efficient strategy to leverage this interaction mechanism for developing disease-resistant crop varieties.Here,we introduce an engineered ROS scavenging system designated as syn-ROS for impairing ROS neutralization in S.sclerotiorum while concurrently fortifying it in the host.The syn-ROS system comprises gene silencing constructs targeting the S.sclerotiorum Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase(SsSOD)and its copper chaperone(SsCCS),alongside overexpression constructs for the Arabidopsis thaliana AtSOD1 and AtCCS.Transgenic plants carrying the syn-ROS system demonstrated a marked enhancement in resistance to S.sclerotiorum.Upon infection,the expression of SsSOD and SsCCS was reduced,while the expression of AtSOD1 and AtCCS was enhanced in syn-ROS transgenic plants.Moreover,the infected syn-ROS plants showed decreased Cu/Zn SOD enzyme activity and elevated ROS concentrations within the fungal cells.In contrast,the cells of A.thaliana manifested increased Cu/Zn SOD enzyme activity and lowered ROS levels.Collectively,these findings suggest a novel and promising approach for contriving plants with robust resistance by synthetically manipulating ROS scavenging activities in the interaction between the host and S.sclerotiorum.
基金supported by Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province(No.242102231060)Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Zhoukou Normal University(No.ZKNUC2021041)the Program of Innovative Research Team(in Science and Technology)in University of Henan Province(No.23IRTSTHN008)。
文摘Bacterial infection,insufficient angiogenesis,and oxidative damage are generally regarded as key issues that impede wound healing,making it necessary to prepare new biomaterials to simultaneously address these problems.In this work,monodispersed CeO_(2)@CuS nanocomposites(NCs)were successfully prepared with tannin(TA)as the reductant and linker.Due to abundant oxygen vacancies in CeO_(2)and the polyphenolic structure of TA,the TA-CeO_(2)@CuS NCs exhibited a remarkable antioxidant ability to scavenge excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS),which would likely induce serious inflammation.In addition,the TA-CeO_(2)@CuS NCs demonstrated excellent antibacterial capability with near-infrared ray(NIR)irradiation,and the released copper ions could promote the regeneration of blood vessels.These synergistic effects indicated that the synthesized TA-CeO_(2)@CuS NCs could serve as a promising biomaterial for multimodal wound therapy.
基金supported by Graduate Innovation Project of Shanxi Normal University(Grant No.2021Y443).
文摘Enhanced UV-B radiation represents a major environmental factor impacting global cereal production.Researchers have explored various approaches to reduce the detrimental impact of UV-B radiation on crops.Recently,engineered nanoparticles,particularly cerium oxide nanoparticles(CeO_(2)-NPs),have attracted widespread interest for their ability to boost plant tolerance to a range of abiotic stresses.This study investigates how CeO_(2)-NPs application affects the morphology,physiology,biochemistry,and transcriptomics profiles of wheat seedling roots subjected to enhanced UV-B stress.The findings demonstrate that CeO_(2)-NPs notably promoted root length,fresh and dry weights,and root activity(p<0.05)under enhanced UV-B stress.CeO_(2)-NP treatment reduced the content of hydrogen peroxide<(H_(2)O_(2))and malondialdehyde(MDA)in wheat,alleviating oxidative damage in seedling roots and partially restoring the root phenotype.Under non-UV-B stress conditions,CeO_(2)-NP treatment triggered the difference of 237 transcripts in plants relative to the control group.Under enhanced UV-B stress,CeO_(2)-NP treatment exhibited differentially expressed genes(DEGs)linked to the antioxidant defense mechanism responsible for reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging,compared to the non-nanoparticle control.This suggests that ROS scavenging may be a key mechanism by which CeO_(2)-NPs enhance wheat resistance to enhanced UV-B radiation.This study elucidates a potential molecular mechanism through which CeO_(2)nanoparticles may enhance wheat tolerance to UV-B stress.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grants No.2023YFC2306500)Scientific Research Project Program of the Shanghai Municipal Health and Wellness Commission(Grant No.202140061)+3 种基金Key Science and Technology Research and Development Projects of Jiangxi Province(Grant No.20223BBH80014)“Shuguang Program”supported by Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.21SG39)Excellent Talents Program of Naval Medical Center of PLA(21TPZYL01)Military Projects(CHJ24C025,24AZL01,CB2023A03,JPY2022B06).
文摘This review examines inflammation as a physiological defense mechanism against infectious agents,physical trauma,reactive oxygen species(ROS),and metabolic stress,which,under dysregulated conditions,may progress into chronic diseases.Nanomedicine,which integrates nanotechnology with medicine,suppresses inflammatory signaling pathways and overexpressed pro-inflammatory cytokines,such as ROS,to address inflammationrelated pathologies.Current advances in nanomaterial design and synthesis strategies are systematically analyzed,with parallel discussions on toxicity mechanisms,influencing factors,and evaluation methods that are critical for clinical translation.Applications of functional nanomaterials are highlighted in the context of refractory inflammatory conditions,including wound healing,gastrointestinal disorders,and immune,neurological,or circulatory diseases,along with targeted delivery strategies.Persistent challenges in nanomedicine development,such as biocompatibility optimization,precise biodistribution control,and standardized toxicity assessment,are critically assessed.By bridging material innovation with therapeutic efficacy,this review establishes a framework for advancing nanomedicine to improve treatment outcomes while addressing translational barriers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20443)the Heilongjiang Provincial Research Institutes Scientific Research Operating Expenses Project,China(CZKYF2023-1-B020)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Plan Project of Heilongjiang Province,China(GA23B015)the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201717)。
文摘Caffeic acid-O-methyltransferase(COMT)is a crucial enzyme in the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway,with significant roles in both the lignin and coumarin pathways.The function of COMT in plant disease resistance has been demonstrated in several species.Our research identified the potato COMT gene family on a genome-wide scale and StCOMT1 as a candidate gene for enhancing potato disease resistance under DON induction through phylogenetic analyses combined with previously identified metabolic differences and weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA)results.In order to better understand the function of StCOMT1,heterologous expression and overexpression assays were conducted.StCOMT1 is localized in chloroplasts and was found to catalyze the methylation of substrates to produce ferulic acid and melatonin in vitro.Physiological parameters showed that,compared with wild-type potato plants,StCOMT1-overexpressing plants infected with Fusarium sporotrichioides exhibited smaller lesion areas and lower reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels.High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and RT-qPCR analyses revealed organ-specific accumulation of coumarin-related compounds and organ-specific expression of their corresponding genes in StCOMT1-overexpressing plants post-inoculation.The results indicate that StCOMT1 overexpression in potatoes enhanced resistance to F.sporotrichioides by enhancing reactive oxygen species clearance and promoting organ-specific accumulation of coumarin-related compounds.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China(31101556).
文摘Salt stress is one of the most serious abiotic stresses limiting plant growth and development.Calcium as an essential nutrient element and important signaling molecule plays an important role in ameliorating the adverse effect of salinity on plants.This study aimed to investigate the impact of exogenous calcium on improving salt tolerance in Tartary buckwheat cultivars,cv.Xinong9920(salt-tolerant)and cv.Xinong9909(salt-sensitive).Four-week-old Tartary buckwheat seedlings under 100 mM NaCl stress were treated with and without exogenous calcium chloride(CaCl_(2)),Ca^(2+)chelator ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid(EGTA)and Ca^(2+)-channel blocker lanthanum chloride(LaCl_(3))for 10 days.Then,some important physiological and biochemical indexes were determined.The results showed that salt stress significantly reduced seedling growth,decreased photosynthetic pigments,inhibited antioxidants and antioxidant enzyme activities.However,it increased the reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels in the two Tartary buckwheat cultivars.Exogenous 10 mM CaCl_(2)application on salt-stressed Tartary buckwheat seedlings obviously mitigated the negative effects of NaCl stress and partially restored seedlings growth.Ca^(2+)-treated salt-stressed seedlings diplayed a suppressed accumulation of ROS,increased the contents of total chlorophyll,soluble protein,proline and antioxidants,and elevated the activities of antioxidant enzymes compared with salt stress alone.On the contrary,the addition of 0.5 mM LaCl_(3)and 5 mM EGTA on salt-stressed Tartary buckwheat seedlings exhibited the opposite effects to those with CaCl_(2)treatment.These results indicate that exogenous Ca^(2+)can enhance salt stress tolerance and Ca^(2+)supplementation may be an effective practice to cultivate Tartary buckwheat in saline soils.
基金supported by the grants from National Research Foundation(NRF,#2021R1A5A2022318,#RS-2023-00220408,#RS-2023-00247485),Republic of Korea.
文摘Inflammatory skin disorders can cause chronic scarring and functional impairments,posing a significant burden on patients and the healthcare system.Conventional therapies,such as corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,are limited in efficacy and associated with adverse effects.Recently,nanozyme(NZ)-based hydrogels have shown great promise in addressing these challenges.NZ-based hydrogels possess unique therapeutic abilities by combining the therapeutic benefits of redox nanomaterials with enzymatic activity and the water-retaining capacity of hydrogels.The multifaceted therapeutic effects of these hydrogels include scavenging reactive oxygen species and other inflammatory mediators modulating immune responses toward a pro-regenerative environment and enhancing regenerative potential by triggering cell migration and differentiation.This review highlights the current state of the art in NZ-engineered hydrogels(NZ@hydrogels)for anti-inflammatory and skin regeneration applications.It also discusses the underlying chemo-mechano-biological mechanisms behind their effectiveness.Additionally,the challenges and future directions in this ground,particularly their clinical translation,are addressed.The insights provided in this review can aid in the design and engineering of novel NZ-based hydrogels,offering new possibilities for targeted and personalized skin-care therapies.
基金This work was supported by the earmarked fund for The National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFD1000800)National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32072650)+1 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.CAAS-ASTIP-IVFCAAS)the support by the Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation,Ministry of Agriculture,China.
文摘The G proteinα-subunit,GPA1,is an integral component of several signaling pathways in plants,including response to abiotic stress.However,the molecular mechanism behind these processes remains largely unknown in the cucumber plant(Cucumis sativus L.).In order to further understand the role of CsGPA1 in cucumber under drought stress,changes in plant growth,physiological parameters,and gene expression of CsAQPs were all measured under water stress induced by polyethylene glycol(PEG)using wild type(WT)and CsGPA1-interference(RNAi)cucumber seedlings.Our results demonstrated that the RNAi plants had lower drought tolerance,displaying seriously withered leaves,lower relative growth rate,lower root-shoot ratio,and lower root activity under drought stress compared to WT plants.Physiological studies indicated that the suppression of CsGPA1 weakened drought stress tolerance due to higherwater loss rate in the leaves,higher levels of hydrogen peroxide(H2O2),increased malondialdehyde(MDA)content,lower free proline content,lower soluble sugar content,lower soluble protein content,and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities.qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the interference of CsGPA1 up-regulated the expression of most AQP genes(except for CsPIP2;3 in leaves)and down-regulated the expression of CsPIP1;2,CsPIP1;4,CsPIP2;1,and CsPIP2;4 in roots under drought stress when compared to WT plants.Our results demonstrated that CsGPA1 could function as a positive regulator in drought stress response by decreasing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS),improving permeable potentials,and reducing water loss in cucumber plants.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0300501)National Science and Technology Major Project (2018ZX0800912B-002)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (31701507)China National Novel Transgenic Organisms Breeding Project (2016ZX08004002)。
文摘The C (Cys) 2H (His) 2-type transcription factor is one of the most important transcription factors in plants and plays a regulatory role in the physiological responses of rice to abiotic stresses.A novel rice C2H2-type zinc finger protein,abscisic acid (ABA)-drought-reactive oxygen species (ROS) 3 (OsADR3),was found to confer drought stress tolerance by enhancing antioxidant defense and regulating Os GPX1.Overexpression of OsADR3 in rice increased tolerance to drought stress by increasing ROS scavenging ability and ABA sensitivity.In contrast,CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of osadr3 increased the sensitivity of rice to drought and oxidative stress.An exogenous ROS-scavenging reagent restored the droughtstress tolerance of osadr3-CRISPR plants.Global transcriptome analysis suggested that OsADR3 increased the expression of Os GPX1 under drought stress.Electrophoretic mobility shift,yeast one-hybrid,and dualluciferase reporter assays revealed that OsADR3 modified the expression of Os GPX1 by directly binding to its promoter.Knockdown of Os GPX1 repressed ROS scavenging ability under drought stress in OsADR3-overexpression plants.These findings suggest that OsADR3 plays a positive regulatory role in droughtstress tolerance by inducing antioxidant defense and associated with the ABA signaling pathway in rice.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A2025,32101672,31971826)the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2021YFF1001100)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang province(YQ2023C035)Double First-class Innovation Achievement Program of Heilongjiang Province(LJGXCG2023-072)the Graduate Student Scientific Research Innovation Projects of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University(YJSCX2022-Z01)。
文摘Low temperature causes rice yield losses of up to 30%–40%,therefore increasing its cold tolerance is a breeding target.Few genes in rice are reported to confer cold tolerance at both the vegetative and reproductive stages.This study revealed a rice-specific 24-nt miRNA,miR1868,whose accumulation was suppressed by cold stress.Knockdown of MIR1868 increased seedling survival,pollen fertility,seed setting,and grain yield under cold stress,whereas its overexpression conferred the opposite phenotype.Knockdown of MIR1868 increased reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging and soluble sugar content under cold stress by increasing the expression of peroxidase genes and sugar metabolism genes,and its overexpression produced the opposite effect.Thus,MIR1868 negatively regulated rice cold tolerance via ROS scavenging and sugar accumulation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001481)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences+3 种基金the China Agriculture Research System,the National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System of China(CARS-18–05)the Provincial Key R&D and Promotion Special Projects in Henan(232102110178)the Program for Key Areas of Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Third Division and Tumsuk City(KY2021GG08)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(1610162023019)。
文摘Background Ensuring that seeds germinate and emerge normally is a prerequisite for cotton production,esp.in areas with salinized soil.Priming with mepiquat chloride(MC)can promote seed germination and root growth under salt stress,but its mechanism has not been fully elucidated.In this study,physiological and biochemical experiments revealed that MC-priming promotes the tolerance of cotton seeds to salt stress by increasing the ability of antioxidant enzymes related to the ascorbate-glutathione(AsA-GSH)cycle to scavenge reactive oxygen species(ROS).Results Results revealed that treatment with inhibitors of abscisic acid(ABA)and γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)biosynthesis reduced the positive effects of MC-priming.Similarly,MC-priming increased the contents of ABA and GABA under salt stress by stimulating the expression levels of GhNCED2 and GhGAD4 and the activity of calmodulin-binding(CML)glutamate decarboxylase(GAD).Further analysis showed that an inhibitor of ABA synthesis reduced the positive impacts of MC-priming on the content of GABA under salt stress,but the content of ABA was not affected by the GABA synthesis inhibitor.Furthermore,a multi-omics analysis revealed that MC-priming increased the abundance and phosphorylation levels of the proteins related to ABA signaling,CML,and Ca^(2+)channels/transporters in the MC-primed treatments,which resulted in increased oscillations in Ca^(2+)in the MC-primed cotton seeds under salt stress.Conclusion In summary,these results demonstrate that MC-mediated ABA signaling operates upstream of the GABA synthesis generated by GAD by activating the oscillations of Ca^(2+)and then enhancing activity of the AsA-GSH cycle,which ensures that cotton seeds are tolerant to salt stress.
基金supported by the Foundation of Major Projects in Hainan Province,China(ZDKJ202001)the Research Initiation Fund of Hainan University,China(KYQD(ZR)19104)。
文摘Salinity is one of the most significant risks to crop production and food security as it harms plant physiology and biochemistry.The salt stress during the rice emergence stages severely hampers the seed germination and seedling growth of direct-seeded rice.Recently,nanoparticles(NPs)have been reported to be effectively involved in many plant physiological processes,particularly under abiotic stresses.To our knowledge,no comparative studies have been performed to study the efficiency of conventional,chemical,and seed nanopriming for better plant stress tolerance.Therefore,we conducted growth chamber and field experiments with different salinity levels(0,1.5,and 3‰),two rice varieties(CY1000 and LLY506),and different priming techniques such as hydropriming,chemical priming(ascorbic acid,salicylic acid,and γ-aminobutyric acid),and nanopriming(zinc oxide nanoparticles).Salt stress inhibited rice seed germination,germination index,vigor index,and seedling growth.Also,salt stress increased the over accumulation of reactive oxygen species(H_(2)O_(2) and O_(2)^(-)·)and malondialdehyde(MDA)contents.Furthermore,salt-stressed seedlings accumulated higher sodium(Na^(+))ions and significantly lower potassium(K^(+))ions.Moreover,the findings of our study demonstrated that,among the different priming techniques,seed nanopriming with zinc oxide nanoparticles(NanoZnO)significantly contributed to rice salt tolerance.ZnO nanopriming improved rice seed germination and seedling growth in the pot and field experiments under salt stress.The possible mechanism behind ZnO nanopriming improved rice salt tolerance included higher contents of α-amylase,soluble sugar,and soluble protein and higher activities of antioxidant enzymes to sustain better seed germination and seedling growth.Moreover,another mechanism of ZnO nanopriming induced rice salt tolerance was associated with better maintenance of(K^(+))ions content.Our research concluded that NanoZnO could promote plant salt tolerance and be adopted as a practical nanopriming technique,promoting global crop production in saltaffected agricultural lands.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872869)the State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation(NCCIR2022ZZ-7)+2 种基金the National Key R&DProgram of China(SQ2022YFD1200002)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Hebei Province,China(216Z6401G)the Postgraduate Innovation Funding Project of Hebei Province,China(CXZZSS2021071)。
文摘Transcription factors(TFs)regulate diverse stress defensive-associated physiological processes and plant stress responses.We characterized TaNF-YB11,a gene of the NF-YB TF family in Triticum aestivum,in mediating plant drought tolerance.TaNF-YB11 harbors the conserved domains specified by its NF-YB partners and targets the nucleus after the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)assortment.Yeast two-hybrid assay indicated the interactions of TaNF-YB11 with TaNF-YA2 and TaNF-YC3,two proteins encoded by genes in the NF-YA and NF-YC families,respectively.These results suggested that the heterotrimer established among them further regulated downstream genes at the transcriptional level.The transcripts of TaNF-YB11 were promoted in roots and leaves under a 27-h drought regime.Moreover,its upregulated expression levels under drought were gradually restored following a recovery treatment,suggesting its involvement in plant drought response.TaNF-YB11 conferred improved drought tolerance on plants;the lines overexpressing target gene displayed improved phenotype and biomass compared with wild type(WT)under drought treatments due to enhancement of stomata closing,osmolyte accumulation,and cellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)homeostasis.Knockdown expression of TaP5CS2,a P5CS family gene modulating proline biosynthesis that showed upregulated expression in drought-challenged TaNF-YB11 lines,alleviated proline accumulation of plants treated by drought.Likewise,TaSOD2 and TaCAT3,two genes encoding superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)that were upregulated underlying TaNF-YB11 regulation,played critical roles in ROS homeostasis via regulating SOD and CAT activities.RNA-seq analysis revealed that numerous genes associated with processes of‘cellular processes',‘environmental information processing',‘genetic information processing',‘metabolism',and‘organismal systems'modified transcription under drought underlying control of TaNF-YB11.These results suggested that the TaNF-YB11-mediated drought response is possibly accomplished through the target gene in modifying gene transcription at the global level,which modulates complicated biological processes related to drought response.TaNF-YB11 is essential in plant drought adaptation and a valuable target for molecular breeding of drought-tolerant cultivars in T.aestivum.
