Despite the cost and activity advantages,ruthenium-based oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts face severe stability problems for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis(PEM-WE)due to Ru dissolution.Although tre...Despite the cost and activity advantages,ruthenium-based oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts face severe stability problems for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis(PEM-WE)due to Ru dissolution.Although tremendous attention has been paid to enhancing the stability and activity under small current density in three electrode systems,there still lacks validation under industrial current density at the device level.Aiming at this issue,we report highly active and durable ruthenium-iridium alloyed oxides(IrRuO_(x))as the acidic OER catalyst for PEM-WE with exceptional durability for 1600 h at an industrial current density of 2.0 A·cm^(−2).X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals that the introduction of iridium modulates the electronic structure of Ru and strengthens the local Ru–O bonds in RuO_(2),which is crucial for ensuring activity and stability.As a result,in comparison with its RuO_(2) counterpart,IrRuO_(x) works stably against the Ru leaching-induced catalytic layer breakage during the stability test.This work demonstrates the great potential of IrRuO_(x) as the practical OER catalyst for the application in PEM-WE.展开更多
Lakes Acraman,Gairdner,Harris and Everard are a cluster of large episodic salt lakes on Eyre Peninsula,South Australia.These lakes have a characteristic terrestrial invertebrate fauna including various spiders,
Hedging is a communication strategy frequently used by the spokespersons at the press conference.This thesis intends to find out the ideologies hidden behind those hedges under the guidance of Fairclough’s three-dime...Hedging is a communication strategy frequently used by the spokespersons at the press conference.This thesis intends to find out the ideologies hidden behind those hedges under the guidance of Fairclough’s three-dimensional model.As a research method of linguistics,critical discourse analysis(CDA)aims to reveal the the relationship among language,power and ideology hidden behind the language.This thesis adopts Prince’classification criteria of hedges to identify and count the different types of hedges in the research data selected from Chinese and American government websites.The analysis is conducted at the following three steps:description,interpretation and explanation.The first stage is to recognize and count the hedges in two languages,then to find their similarities and differences and the last step is to find possible reasons for those similarities and differences and the ideologies behind the hedges.Analysis results show that differences in culture values and diplomatic ideology contribute to the different ideologies.展开更多
Unique multiple heterojunction of Pt-BiOBr/TiO2 nanotube arrays（Pt-BiOBr/TNTAs） was achived by successively loading both Pt nanoparticles（NPs） and BiOBr nanoflkes（NFs） on surface of ordered and spaced TiO2 nanot...Unique multiple heterojunction of Pt-BiOBr/TiO2 nanotube arrays（Pt-BiOBr/TNTAs） was achived by successively loading both Pt nanoparticles（NPs） and BiOBr nanoflkes（NFs） on surface of ordered and spaced TiO2 nanotubes（NTs） using anodization followed by solvothermal and sequential chemical bath deposition（S-CBD） method. The fabricated Pt-Bi OBr/TNTAs were fully characterized, and the photocatalytic（PC） activity and stability of PtBiOBr/TNTAs toward degradation of methyl orange（MO） under visible-light irradiation（λ＆gt;400 nm） were evaluated. The results reveal that multiple heterostructures of Pt/TiO2, Pt/BiOBr and BiOBr/TiO2 are constructed among TNTAs substrate, Pt NPs and BiOBr NFs, and the hybrid Pt-BiOBr/TNTAs catalyst exhibits remarkable visible-light PC activity, favourable reusability and long-term stability. The combined effect of several factors may contribute to the remarkable PC performance, including strong visible-light absorption by both Pt NPs and BiOBr NFs, lower recombination rate of photo-generated electrons and holes attributed to the multiple heterojunction, microstructures for facile light injection and adsorption as well as efficient mass transport, and larger specific surface area for enhancing light absorption, increasing the effective contact area between the absorbed dye molecules and catalyst and benefiting the molecule transport of reactants or products.展开更多
Reading is one of the four important skills in English as a secoind or foreign language. However, many teachers often focus attention on grammatical or lexical issues like tenses, sentence structures or verbal idioms,...Reading is one of the four important skills in English as a secoind or foreign language. However, many teachers often focus attention on grammatical or lexical issues like tenses, sentence structures or verbal idioms, To students reading is the main reason why they learn English. Through reading, our range of kowledge can be broadly widened. However, for a long time, the importance of the teaching of extensive reading has been neglected. This paper aims to give an analysis and my own empirical experience of the teaching of extensive reading. The first part is about the complex nature of reading, the second part dealing with some methods which I have applied in the teaching of reading.展开更多
The present paper deals with spherically symmetric deformation of an inclusion- matrix problem, which consists of an infinite isotropic matrix and a spherically uniform anisotropic piezoelectric inclusion. The interfa...The present paper deals with spherically symmetric deformation of an inclusion- matrix problem, which consists of an infinite isotropic matrix and a spherically uniform anisotropic piezoelectric inclusion. The interface between the two phases is supposed to be perfect and the system is subjected to uniform loadings at infinity. Exact solutions are obtained for solid spherical piezoelectric inclusion and isotropic matrix. When the system is subjected to a remote traction, analytical results show that remarkable nature exists in the spherical inclusion. It is demonstrated that an infinite stress appears at the center of the inclusion. Furthermore, a cavitation may occur at the center of the inclusion when the system is subjected to uniform tension, while a black hole may be formed at the center of the inclusion when the applied traction is uniform pressure. The appearance of different remarkable nature depends only on one non-dimensional material parameter and the type of the remote traction, while is independent of the magnitude of the traction.展开更多
On behalf of the Foundation of CAI Shidong （also Shih-tung Tsai） Award for plasma physics, I am grateful to the Editorial Board, Editor＇s Office and the Publisher of Plasma Science and Technology for suggesting the...On behalf of the Foundation of CAI Shidong （also Shih-tung Tsai） Award for plasma physics, I am grateful to the Editorial Board, Editor＇s Office and the Publisher of Plasma Science and Technology for suggesting the publication of this Special Section on the CAI Award. This Special Section consists of brief introductions to the late Academician Prolessor CAI and this Foundation in honour of him,展开更多
Dr.John Yu and members of ICGI:Ladies and gentlemen:Good morning! As the exciting Beijing Olympics is approaching,it gives me great pleasure to host all of you from different parts of the world in Anyang,to participat...Dr.John Yu and members of ICGI:Ladies and gentlemen:Good morning! As the exciting Beijing Olympics is approaching,it gives me great pleasure to host all of you from different parts of the world in Anyang,to participate in the 2008 International Cotton Genome Initiative(ICGI) Research Conference.On behalf of China ICGI Organizing Committee and China Cotton Research Institute(CCRI) in Anyang I enthusiastically welcome all of you to this conference.展开更多
Breakthroughs in nuclear non-proliferation. After hard bargaining lasting over two and a half years, the long-awaitedComprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) was eventually adopted by an over-whelming majority at the 50th...Breakthroughs in nuclear non-proliferation. After hard bargaining lasting over two and a half years, the long-awaitedComprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) was eventually adopted by an over-whelming majority at the 50th UN Assembly in early September 1996 with thusfar 130 signatory nations to it. In spite of some imperfections, the Treaty repre-展开更多
Sekeres et al. （1） conducted a multicenter randomized, controlled trial to compare whether azacitidine-based combinations with lenalidomide or vorinostat produce superior overall response rates to azacitidine in the...Sekeres et al. （1） conducted a multicenter randomized, controlled trial to compare whether azacitidine-based combinations with lenalidomide or vorinostat produce superior overall response rates to azacitidine in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes （MDS）. In that trial, 224 patients with higher-risk MDS and 53 with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia （CMML） were enrolled and randomly assigned to the ＂azacitidine＂ group, ＂azacitidine plus lenalidomide＂ group or ＂azacitidine plus vorinostat＂ group. The researchers found that patients with MDS treated with azacitidine-based combinations had similar response rate to azacitidine monotherapy. Using genomic mutation analysis, they found that the overall response rate to azacitidine-based treatment was higher for patients with mutations in DNMT3A and lower for those with mutations in SRSF2. Whereas in another study, Welch et al. enrolled 26 patients with MDS and 90 with acute myeloid leukemia （AML） who were treated with decitabine, and they found that patients with TP53 mutations had a higher response rate, but not those with DNMT3A mutations （2）. We propose that this big discrepancy in the conclusions between the two studies might have been caused by the presence of many co-interacting factors, e.g. study aims, DNA demethylating agents, treatment protocols, and patient sources.展开更多
The bounds on the discrepancy of approximate solutions constructed by Gedunov's scheme to IVP of isentropic equations of gas dynamics are obtained, Three well-knowu results obtained by Lax for shock waves with sma...The bounds on the discrepancy of approximate solutions constructed by Gedunov's scheme to IVP of isentropic equations of gas dynamics are obtained, Three well-knowu results obtained by Lax for shock waves with small jumps for general quasilinear hyperbolic systems of conservation laws are extended to shock waves for isentropic equations of gas dynamics in a bounded invariant region with ρ=0 as one of boundries of the region. Two counterexamples are given to show that two iuequalities given by Godunov do not hold for all rational numbers γ∈(1, 3]. It seems that the approach by Godunov to obtain the forementioned bounds may not be possible.展开更多
China started a new round of large-scale equipment upgrades and trade-ins of consumer goods earlier this year,as part of its efforts to increase domestic demands and boost economic growth.It is a key decision of the C...China started a new round of large-scale equipment upgrades and trade-ins of consumer goods earlier this year,as part of its efforts to increase domestic demands and boost economic growth.It is a key decision of the Chinese government to promote the high-quality development.So far,the program has been put in place for more than half a year with impressive results.This article looks into the guiding policy for upgrades and trade-ins,its supporting measures and remarkable effect.展开更多
Thanks go to our hosts,the organizers,sponsors,and all participants who have put in great efforts to making the 2008 Research Conference of the International Cotton Genome Initiative(ICGI,
In recent 30 years, some Chinese scholars have focused their researches on Nord＇s Function plus Loyalty Theory. And Loyalty Principle has been warmly praised as well as severely criticized by scholars in the field of...In recent 30 years, some Chinese scholars have focused their researches on Nord＇s Function plus Loyalty Theory. And Loyalty Principle has been warmly praised as well as severely criticized by scholars in the field of translation. In this paper, the author first states the definition, connotation, rationalities and limitations of this principle and introduces the main remarks it has received in western countries. Then, three positive remarks from BIAN Jian-hua, CHEN Xiao-wei and WU Wen-an and three negative ones from ZHU Jian-ping, ZHANG Nan-feng and ZHANG Mei-fang are spread out. Finally, the author respectively brings forth her own different point of view on the three negative remarks from the above three. This paper attempts to reassure the rationalities, practical value and great significance of Nord＇s Loyalty Principle and encourage people to treat it in an objective way.展开更多
Given a C~2-function f on a Hilbedrt Riemannian manifold M, let ∑ be a. nondegonerate critical manifold of f, what becomes of ∑, if we perturbe f to f+g? When g is a C~2 perturbation, i.e. ||g||c~2 is small, there w...Given a C~2-function f on a Hilbedrt Riemannian manifold M, let ∑ be a. nondegonerate critical manifold of f, what becomes of ∑, if we perturbe f to f+g? When g is a C~2 perturbation, i.e. ||g||c~2 is small, there was a result due to M. Reeken by the inverse function theorem. It was rediscovered by Ambrosetti et.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFA1500400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22175163)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(No.2208085UD04)Anhui Development and Reform Commission(Nos.AHZDCYCX-LSDT2023-08 and AHZDCYCX-LSDT2023-07)the Department of Ecology and Environment of Anhui Province(No.2023hb0018)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.WK2060000016).
文摘Despite the cost and activity advantages,ruthenium-based oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts face severe stability problems for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis(PEM-WE)due to Ru dissolution.Although tremendous attention has been paid to enhancing the stability and activity under small current density in three electrode systems,there still lacks validation under industrial current density at the device level.Aiming at this issue,we report highly active and durable ruthenium-iridium alloyed oxides(IrRuO_(x))as the acidic OER catalyst for PEM-WE with exceptional durability for 1600 h at an industrial current density of 2.0 A·cm^(−2).X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals that the introduction of iridium modulates the electronic structure of Ru and strengthens the local Ru–O bonds in RuO_(2),which is crucial for ensuring activity and stability.As a result,in comparison with its RuO_(2) counterpart,IrRuO_(x) works stably against the Ru leaching-induced catalytic layer breakage during the stability test.This work demonstrates the great potential of IrRuO_(x) as the practical OER catalyst for the application in PEM-WE.
文摘Lakes Acraman,Gairdner,Harris and Everard are a cluster of large episodic salt lakes on Eyre Peninsula,South Australia.These lakes have a characteristic terrestrial invertebrate fauna including various spiders,
文摘Hedging is a communication strategy frequently used by the spokespersons at the press conference.This thesis intends to find out the ideologies hidden behind those hedges under the guidance of Fairclough’s three-dimensional model.As a research method of linguistics,critical discourse analysis(CDA)aims to reveal the the relationship among language,power and ideology hidden behind the language.This thesis adopts Prince’classification criteria of hedges to identify and count the different types of hedges in the research data selected from Chinese and American government websites.The analysis is conducted at the following three steps:description,interpretation and explanation.The first stage is to recognize and count the hedges in two languages,then to find their similarities and differences and the last step is to find possible reasons for those similarities and differences and the ideologies behind the hedges.Analysis results show that differences in culture values and diplomatic ideology contribute to the different ideologies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51402078 and 51302060)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.1408085QE85)the Young Scholar Enhancement Foundation(Plan B)of Hefei University of Technology in China(No.JZ2016HGTB0711)
文摘Unique multiple heterojunction of Pt-BiOBr/TiO2 nanotube arrays（Pt-BiOBr/TNTAs） was achived by successively loading both Pt nanoparticles（NPs） and BiOBr nanoflkes（NFs） on surface of ordered and spaced TiO2 nanotubes（NTs） using anodization followed by solvothermal and sequential chemical bath deposition（S-CBD） method. The fabricated Pt-Bi OBr/TNTAs were fully characterized, and the photocatalytic（PC） activity and stability of PtBiOBr/TNTAs toward degradation of methyl orange（MO） under visible-light irradiation（λ＆gt;400 nm） were evaluated. The results reveal that multiple heterostructures of Pt/TiO2, Pt/BiOBr and BiOBr/TiO2 are constructed among TNTAs substrate, Pt NPs and BiOBr NFs, and the hybrid Pt-BiOBr/TNTAs catalyst exhibits remarkable visible-light PC activity, favourable reusability and long-term stability. The combined effect of several factors may contribute to the remarkable PC performance, including strong visible-light absorption by both Pt NPs and BiOBr NFs, lower recombination rate of photo-generated electrons and holes attributed to the multiple heterojunction, microstructures for facile light injection and adsorption as well as efficient mass transport, and larger specific surface area for enhancing light absorption, increasing the effective contact area between the absorbed dye molecules and catalyst and benefiting the molecule transport of reactants or products.
文摘Reading is one of the four important skills in English as a secoind or foreign language. However, many teachers often focus attention on grammatical or lexical issues like tenses, sentence structures or verbal idioms, To students reading is the main reason why they learn English. Through reading, our range of kowledge can be broadly widened. However, for a long time, the importance of the teaching of extensive reading has been neglected. This paper aims to give an analysis and my own empirical experience of the teaching of extensive reading. The first part is about the complex nature of reading, the second part dealing with some methods which I have applied in the teaching of reading.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 10702077, 10602001 and 10672001)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 1083012).
文摘The present paper deals with spherically symmetric deformation of an inclusion- matrix problem, which consists of an infinite isotropic matrix and a spherically uniform anisotropic piezoelectric inclusion. The interface between the two phases is supposed to be perfect and the system is subjected to uniform loadings at infinity. Exact solutions are obtained for solid spherical piezoelectric inclusion and isotropic matrix. When the system is subjected to a remote traction, analytical results show that remarkable nature exists in the spherical inclusion. It is demonstrated that an infinite stress appears at the center of the inclusion. Furthermore, a cavitation may occur at the center of the inclusion when the system is subjected to uniform tension, while a black hole may be formed at the center of the inclusion when the applied traction is uniform pressure. The appearance of different remarkable nature depends only on one non-dimensional material parameter and the type of the remote traction, while is independent of the magnitude of the traction.
文摘On behalf of the Foundation of CAI Shidong （also Shih-tung Tsai） Award for plasma physics, I am grateful to the Editorial Board, Editor＇s Office and the Publisher of Plasma Science and Technology for suggesting the publication of this Special Section on the CAI Award. This Special Section consists of brief introductions to the late Academician Prolessor CAI and this Foundation in honour of him,
文摘Dr.John Yu and members of ICGI:Ladies and gentlemen:Good morning! As the exciting Beijing Olympics is approaching,it gives me great pleasure to host all of you from different parts of the world in Anyang,to participate in the 2008 International Cotton Genome Initiative(ICGI) Research Conference.On behalf of China ICGI Organizing Committee and China Cotton Research Institute(CCRI) in Anyang I enthusiastically welcome all of you to this conference.
文摘Breakthroughs in nuclear non-proliferation. After hard bargaining lasting over two and a half years, the long-awaitedComprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) was eventually adopted by an over-whelming majority at the 50th UN Assembly in early September 1996 with thusfar 130 signatory nations to it. In spite of some imperfections, the Treaty repre-
文摘Sekeres et al. （1） conducted a multicenter randomized, controlled trial to compare whether azacitidine-based combinations with lenalidomide or vorinostat produce superior overall response rates to azacitidine in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes （MDS）. In that trial, 224 patients with higher-risk MDS and 53 with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia （CMML） were enrolled and randomly assigned to the ＂azacitidine＂ group, ＂azacitidine plus lenalidomide＂ group or ＂azacitidine plus vorinostat＂ group. The researchers found that patients with MDS treated with azacitidine-based combinations had similar response rate to azacitidine monotherapy. Using genomic mutation analysis, they found that the overall response rate to azacitidine-based treatment was higher for patients with mutations in DNMT3A and lower for those with mutations in SRSF2. Whereas in another study, Welch et al. enrolled 26 patients with MDS and 90 with acute myeloid leukemia （AML） who were treated with decitabine, and they found that patients with TP53 mutations had a higher response rate, but not those with DNMT3A mutations （2）. We propose that this big discrepancy in the conclusions between the two studies might have been caused by the presence of many co-interacting factors, e.g. study aims, DNA demethylating agents, treatment protocols, and patient sources.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The bounds on the discrepancy of approximate solutions constructed by Gedunov's scheme to IVP of isentropic equations of gas dynamics are obtained, Three well-knowu results obtained by Lax for shock waves with small jumps for general quasilinear hyperbolic systems of conservation laws are extended to shock waves for isentropic equations of gas dynamics in a bounded invariant region with ρ=0 as one of boundries of the region. Two counterexamples are given to show that two iuequalities given by Godunov do not hold for all rational numbers γ∈(1, 3]. It seems that the approach by Godunov to obtain the forementioned bounds may not be possible.
文摘China started a new round of large-scale equipment upgrades and trade-ins of consumer goods earlier this year,as part of its efforts to increase domestic demands and boost economic growth.It is a key decision of the Chinese government to promote the high-quality development.So far,the program has been put in place for more than half a year with impressive results.This article looks into the guiding policy for upgrades and trade-ins,its supporting measures and remarkable effect.
文摘Thanks go to our hosts,the organizers,sponsors,and all participants who have put in great efforts to making the 2008 Research Conference of the International Cotton Genome Initiative(ICGI,
文摘In recent 30 years, some Chinese scholars have focused their researches on Nord＇s Function plus Loyalty Theory. And Loyalty Principle has been warmly praised as well as severely criticized by scholars in the field of translation. In this paper, the author first states the definition, connotation, rationalities and limitations of this principle and introduces the main remarks it has received in western countries. Then, three positive remarks from BIAN Jian-hua, CHEN Xiao-wei and WU Wen-an and three negative ones from ZHU Jian-ping, ZHANG Nan-feng and ZHANG Mei-fang are spread out. Finally, the author respectively brings forth her own different point of view on the three negative remarks from the above three. This paper attempts to reassure the rationalities, practical value and great significance of Nord＇s Loyalty Principle and encourage people to treat it in an objective way.
文摘Given a C~2-function f on a Hilbedrt Riemannian manifold M, let ∑ be a. nondegonerate critical manifold of f, what becomes of ∑, if we perturbe f to f+g? When g is a C~2 perturbation, i.e. ||g||c~2 is small, there was a result due to M. Reeken by the inverse function theorem. It was rediscovered by Ambrosetti et.
