Zonation of land or water areas is a tool frequently used to clarify management objectives, assist with monitoring of the effectiveness of those objectives and reconcile user conflicts. The Ramsar Convention has promo...Zonation of land or water areas is a tool frequently used to clarify management objectives, assist with monitoring of the effectiveness of those objectives and reconcile user conflicts. The Ramsar Convention has promoted zonation for wetlands as a management tool, but in a rather unstructured way, in contrast to the highly structured three-zone system of UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserves. At the same time, over the last 40 years IUCN has been developing a categorisation system for protected areas, currently based on management and monitoring objectives. Research undertaken primarily on wetlands in China, but with desk-top study in other regions has shown that by using these management and monitoring objectives as guiding principles, and building on the Biosphere Reserve zonation system, a new approach is possible for wetland protected or conserved areas. Developing from the three-zone system of Biosphere Reserves this new approach proposes four zones, offering more utility and flexibility for managing, monitoring and comparing wetland conservation sites, both spatially and temporally.展开更多
The Azagny Ramsar site has been the scene of very strong agricultural pressures for several decades. In Côte d’Ivoire, management policies, previously developed and implemented in wetlands, remain very sensi...The Azagny Ramsar site has been the scene of very strong agricultural pressures for several decades. In Côte d’Ivoire, management policies, previously developed and implemented in wetlands, remain very sensitive and vulnerable to environmental changes. It is to overcome these environmental management difficulties that this study was carried out to assess the impacts of mainly industrial agricultural activities on the wetland. To achieve this goal, we mapped the land use dynamics of the study area by a series of Landsat imagery from 1988, 2002, 2008, and 2019 and obtained 11 classes. The spatial analysis of the dynamics of land use from these images has shown that the increase in agricultural operations around the protected area has favored the reduction of several ecosystems of natural plant formations (forests, savannas, mangroves) amounting to 36.34% to the benefit of artificial plant formations such as rubber, oil palm and coconut trees (42.73%). However, these losses of natural plant formations are more accentuated outside the Ramsar site (peripheral zone) than in the Ramsar site with the example of mangroves which have lost 3.27% of their area in the Ramsar site against 33.80% in the peripheral zone between 1988 and 2019. These changes are less accentuated in the Ramsar site than on the periphery thanks to the vigilance of the Ivorian Office of Parks and Reserve (OIPR) and natural barriers (watercourses) that surround it.展开更多
The Ribeira River valley,region with important banana cultivation and P min-ing,presents economic activities that exert environmental impact on the Cana-néia-Iguape Estuarine-Lagoon Complex(CIELC),located at the ...The Ribeira River valley,region with important banana cultivation and P min-ing,presents economic activities that exert environmental impact on the Cana-néia-Iguape Estuarine-Lagoon Complex(CIELC),located at the river down-stream and member of the Biosphere Reserve and the Ramsar list of wetlands.The aim of this work is to verify how much the influence of fertilizers used on riverine banana crops can impact the Ribeira River nutrient concentrations and reach the estuarine system considering the phosphogypsum mining con-tribution.For it,the amount of fertilizer used and lost by banana cultivated area was estimated and also the nutrient concentrations(N and P)in a salinity gradient were determined.The use and loss of nutrients from fertilized areas were calculated using Google Earth Pro to distinguish the planted plots and the number of banana plants.It was verified that nutrients from fertilizing were estimated as 200 kg of N per ha and 80 kg of P per ha year^(-1)considering its different mobility in the soil and the needs to support 744.5 tons of bananas produced in this area.Considering that 10%of P and 30%of N from fertilizer are lost to the hydrological system,around 5 tons/year for P and 44 tons/year for N are transported.Phosphate values(maximum 13.02μmol L^(-1))present in a freshwater downstream and the highest values of nitrate(maximum 14.59μmol L^(-1))at the Valo Grande(artificial channel)demonstrating a N/P(2/1)ratio imbalance influenced by anthropogenic activities and confirming P con-tribution to estuarine system.展开更多
This study was conducted in the KVRS to;evaluate the seasonal eco-toxicity of water,soil and sediment samples;establish the suitability of using temperate biotest batteries in tropical systems;classify the toxicity of...This study was conducted in the KVRS to;evaluate the seasonal eco-toxicity of water,soil and sediment samples;establish the suitability of using temperate biotest batteries in tropical systems;classify the toxicity of samples using Fuzzy Rules to estimate potential ecological risks.143 water,sediment,and soil samples were collected during dry and rainy seasons in plantation areas.Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata,Aliivibrio fischeri and Arthrobacter globiformis bioassays were used to assess the toxicity of the samples.Results were categorized and classified into toxicity classes.Dry season presented a significantly higher mean inhibition of 31%than 5%shown by rainy season samples(p<0.001)in the bacterial bioassays,indicating a lower concentration of contaminants due to flooding and increased surface runoff.A few sediment samples resulted into 100%inhibition of A.globiformis,implying organisms were physiologically inactive upon exposure to contaminants.Seventy-three percent of samples posed little or no toxic potential risk,25%posed critical risk and 1%posed elevated critical risk,implying the KVRS ecosystem might be at risk if the extensive usage of pesticides in the area is not well managed and monitored.The temperate micro-biotests can be used in tropical systems,but with further research on suitable organisms and standardized methods.展开更多
Background:China's coastal wetlands belong to some of the most threatened ecosystems worldwide.The loss and degradation of these wetlands seriously threaten waterbirds that depend on wetlands.Methods:The China Coa...Background:China's coastal wetlands belong to some of the most threatened ecosystems worldwide.The loss and degradation of these wetlands seriously threaten waterbirds that depend on wetlands.Methods:The China Coastal Waterbird Census was organized by volunteer birdwatchers in China's coastal region.Waterbirds were surveyed synchronously once every month at 14 sites,as well as irregularly at a further 18 sites,between September 2005 and December 2013.Results:A total of 75 species of waterbirds met the 1 % population level Ramsar listing criterion at least once at one site.The number of birds of the following species accounted for over 20 % of the total flyway populations at a single site:Mute Swan(Cygnus olor),Siberia Crane(Grus leucogeranus),Far Eastern Oystercatcher(Haematopus osculans),Bar-tailed Godwit(Limosa lapponica),Spotted Greenshank(Tringa guttifer),Great Knot(Calidris tenuirostris),Spoon-billed Sandpiper(Calidris pygmeus),Saunders' s Gull(Larus saundersi),Relict Gull(Larus relictus),Great Cormorant(Phalacrocorax carbo),Eurasian Spoonbill(Platalea leucorodia),Black-faced Spoonbill(Platalea minor) and Dalmatian Pelican(Pelecanus crispus).A total of 26 sites supported at least one species of which their number met the1 % criterion.Forty-two species met the 1 % criterion in the Yellow River Delta,Shandong;29 at the Cangzhou coast,Hebei and 26 species at the Lianyungang coast,Jiangsu.Conclusions:The results highlight the international importance of China's coastal wetlands for waterbirds.This study also demonstrates that participation of local birdwatchers in waterbird surveys results in data that are invaluable not only for understanding the current status of waterbirds in China's coastal regions but also for waterbird conservation and management.展开更多
Spatial and temporal distribution of octylphenol （OP） and nonylphenol （NP） in Mai Po Marshes, a subtropical estuarine wetland in Hong Kong, were investigated. Surface water samples were collected every month from ...Spatial and temporal distribution of octylphenol （OP） and nonylphenol （NP） in Mai Po Marshes, a subtropical estuarine wetland in Hong Kong, were investigated. Surface water samples were collected every month from 11 sites during the period of September- December 2004. Concentrations of OP and NP ranged from 11.3 to 348 ng/L and from 29 to 2591 ng/L, respectively. The high levels of NP and OP were found in November and December than in September and October. The levels of OP and NP have no significant spatial differences except September. Total organic matter in the sediments appeared to be an important factor in controlling the fate of these compounds in the aquatic environment.展开更多
文摘Zonation of land or water areas is a tool frequently used to clarify management objectives, assist with monitoring of the effectiveness of those objectives and reconcile user conflicts. The Ramsar Convention has promoted zonation for wetlands as a management tool, but in a rather unstructured way, in contrast to the highly structured three-zone system of UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserves. At the same time, over the last 40 years IUCN has been developing a categorisation system for protected areas, currently based on management and monitoring objectives. Research undertaken primarily on wetlands in China, but with desk-top study in other regions has shown that by using these management and monitoring objectives as guiding principles, and building on the Biosphere Reserve zonation system, a new approach is possible for wetland protected or conserved areas. Developing from the three-zone system of Biosphere Reserves this new approach proposes four zones, offering more utility and flexibility for managing, monitoring and comparing wetland conservation sites, both spatially and temporally.
文摘The Azagny Ramsar site has been the scene of very strong agricultural pressures for several decades. In Côte d’Ivoire, management policies, previously developed and implemented in wetlands, remain very sensitive and vulnerable to environmental changes. It is to overcome these environmental management difficulties that this study was carried out to assess the impacts of mainly industrial agricultural activities on the wetland. To achieve this goal, we mapped the land use dynamics of the study area by a series of Landsat imagery from 1988, 2002, 2008, and 2019 and obtained 11 classes. The spatial analysis of the dynamics of land use from these images has shown that the increase in agricultural operations around the protected area has favored the reduction of several ecosystems of natural plant formations (forests, savannas, mangroves) amounting to 36.34% to the benefit of artificial plant formations such as rubber, oil palm and coconut trees (42.73%). However, these losses of natural plant formations are more accentuated outside the Ramsar site (peripheral zone) than in the Ramsar site with the example of mangroves which have lost 3.27% of their area in the Ramsar site against 33.80% in the peripheral zone between 1988 and 2019. These changes are less accentuated in the Ramsar site than on the periphery thanks to the vigilance of the Ivorian Office of Parks and Reserve (OIPR) and natural barriers (watercourses) that surround it.
基金support of this study by means of the projects FEBIOGEOQUIM CNPq 478890/2011-7 and INCT-TMCOcean CNPq 573.601/2008-9 and 405.765/2022-3。
文摘The Ribeira River valley,region with important banana cultivation and P min-ing,presents economic activities that exert environmental impact on the Cana-néia-Iguape Estuarine-Lagoon Complex(CIELC),located at the river down-stream and member of the Biosphere Reserve and the Ramsar list of wetlands.The aim of this work is to verify how much the influence of fertilizers used on riverine banana crops can impact the Ribeira River nutrient concentrations and reach the estuarine system considering the phosphogypsum mining con-tribution.For it,the amount of fertilizer used and lost by banana cultivated area was estimated and also the nutrient concentrations(N and P)in a salinity gradient were determined.The use and loss of nutrients from fertilized areas were calculated using Google Earth Pro to distinguish the planted plots and the number of banana plants.It was verified that nutrients from fertilizing were estimated as 200 kg of N per ha and 80 kg of P per ha year^(-1)considering its different mobility in the soil and the needs to support 744.5 tons of bananas produced in this area.Considering that 10%of P and 30%of N from fertilizer are lost to the hydrological system,around 5 tons/year for P and 44 tons/year for N are transported.Phosphate values(maximum 13.02μmol L^(-1))present in a freshwater downstream and the highest values of nitrate(maximum 14.59μmol L^(-1))at the Valo Grande(artificial channel)demonstrating a N/P(2/1)ratio imbalance influenced by anthropogenic activities and confirming P con-tribution to estuarine system.
基金This work was supported by the Schlumberger Foundation-Faculty for the Future[-]German Academic Exchange Service(DAAD)[-]grants fellowships].
文摘This study was conducted in the KVRS to;evaluate the seasonal eco-toxicity of water,soil and sediment samples;establish the suitability of using temperate biotest batteries in tropical systems;classify the toxicity of samples using Fuzzy Rules to estimate potential ecological risks.143 water,sediment,and soil samples were collected during dry and rainy seasons in plantation areas.Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata,Aliivibrio fischeri and Arthrobacter globiformis bioassays were used to assess the toxicity of the samples.Results were categorized and classified into toxicity classes.Dry season presented a significantly higher mean inhibition of 31%than 5%shown by rainy season samples(p<0.001)in the bacterial bioassays,indicating a lower concentration of contaminants due to flooding and increased surface runoff.A few sediment samples resulted into 100%inhibition of A.globiformis,implying organisms were physiologically inactive upon exposure to contaminants.Seventy-three percent of samples posed little or no toxic potential risk,25%posed critical risk and 1%posed elevated critical risk,implying the KVRS ecosystem might be at risk if the extensive usage of pesticides in the area is not well managed and monitored.The temperate micro-biotests can be used in tropical systems,but with further research on suitable organisms and standardized methods.
文摘Background:China's coastal wetlands belong to some of the most threatened ecosystems worldwide.The loss and degradation of these wetlands seriously threaten waterbirds that depend on wetlands.Methods:The China Coastal Waterbird Census was organized by volunteer birdwatchers in China's coastal region.Waterbirds were surveyed synchronously once every month at 14 sites,as well as irregularly at a further 18 sites,between September 2005 and December 2013.Results:A total of 75 species of waterbirds met the 1 % population level Ramsar listing criterion at least once at one site.The number of birds of the following species accounted for over 20 % of the total flyway populations at a single site:Mute Swan(Cygnus olor),Siberia Crane(Grus leucogeranus),Far Eastern Oystercatcher(Haematopus osculans),Bar-tailed Godwit(Limosa lapponica),Spotted Greenshank(Tringa guttifer),Great Knot(Calidris tenuirostris),Spoon-billed Sandpiper(Calidris pygmeus),Saunders' s Gull(Larus saundersi),Relict Gull(Larus relictus),Great Cormorant(Phalacrocorax carbo),Eurasian Spoonbill(Platalea leucorodia),Black-faced Spoonbill(Platalea minor) and Dalmatian Pelican(Pelecanus crispus).A total of 26 sites supported at least one species of which their number met the1 % criterion.Forty-two species met the 1 % criterion in the Yellow River Delta,Shandong;29 at the Cangzhou coast,Hebei and 26 species at the Lianyungang coast,Jiangsu.Conclusions:The results highlight the international importance of China's coastal wetlands for waterbirds.This study also demonstrates that participation of local birdwatchers in waterbird surveys results in data that are invaluable not only for understanding the current status of waterbirds in China's coastal regions but also for waterbird conservation and management.
基金Project supported by the Science Faculty Strategic Research of HongKong Baptist University(No.FRG/03-04/II-51)the Environment and Conservation Fund of Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department(No.16/2003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20307012).
文摘Spatial and temporal distribution of octylphenol （OP） and nonylphenol （NP） in Mai Po Marshes, a subtropical estuarine wetland in Hong Kong, were investigated. Surface water samples were collected every month from 11 sites during the period of September- December 2004. Concentrations of OP and NP ranged from 11.3 to 348 ng/L and from 29 to 2591 ng/L, respectively. The high levels of NP and OP were found in November and December than in September and October. The levels of OP and NP have no significant spatial differences except September. Total organic matter in the sediments appeared to be an important factor in controlling the fate of these compounds in the aquatic environment.
